Background technology
Chinese toon (Tooan sinensis Roem) belongs to Meliaceae Cedrela seeds, deciduous tree, originates in China.Chinese toon is large in China's area under cultivation, and distribution applications scope is wide, and its tender leaf is nutritious, and delicate fragrance is pleasant, unique flavor, mix ripe stir-fry pickle all can, be traditional name Te Senlin woody vegetables.Tender shoots is nutritious, Chinese toon excellent in color, nutritious, and containing the multiple nutritional components of needed by human, containing more protein, amino acid, soluble sugar and ascorbic acid (Vc) content, the content of carotin and vitamin is also very high.Chinese toon bud also has higher medical value, the vitamin E that it contains and sex hormone material, has the effect delayed senility with yang-tonifying enriching yin; Containing suppressing the composition of various pathogens in Chinese toon bud, containing helpful antitumor, reducing blood lipid and hypoglycemic composition, and quite abundant Polyphenols antioxidant content.Therefore, be the high-grade vegetables in season that a kind of rare nutritional medicinal value is very high.
Along with the improvement of people's living standard, increasing to the demand of Chinese toon bud dish, the market price of domestic Chinese toon bud dish is high year by year in recent years, and the Chinese toon dish industry development impetus is good, and prospect is very wide.
Chinese toon is generally gathered based on spring, and outdoor cropping starts to pluck by the end of March, and facility plastic greenhouse is cultivated and to be started at the beginning of 3 months to pluck, to late May ~ terminate at the beginning of 6 months, 7 ~ 10 batches can be gathered.Autumn terminal bud and lateral bud generally occur less, even if gather the obvious decline of its product quality than spring.
Also there are following problems in the production of current Chinese toon dish: one is that the spring bud of Chinese toon is more flourishing, and autumn bud is relatively undeveloped, yields poorly; Two is that Chinese toon bud exists higher tannin and content of nitrite, and the autumn Chinese toon content relatively higher, tannin content high astringent taste weight, nitrite is a kind of toxicant health being had to harm, nitrite excess intake can enter blood and be combined with haemoglobin, cause histanoxia, expiratory dyspnea and central nervous system injury, cause headache, Nausea and vomiting, severe patient respiratory failure and even death.Therefore, how to control Chinese toon bud tannin and content of nitrite, improving food quality and quality safety, is also a very important problem.
Guo Xingli has invented the cultivating method of the Chinese toon bud in autumn being suitable for the north, see that the patent No. is the Chinese invention patent " cultivating method of Chinese toon bud in autumn " (Authorization Notice No. is CN101185407B) of ZL200610070318.2, but this patent adopts spray defoliant to carry out disleave, there is food-safety problem, this patent content is too simple simultaneously, and the problem specifically how obtaining high yield, high-quality and safety does not relate to.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of method taking into account south Chinese toon dish quality and yield in autumn.
Another technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of method taking into account south Chinese toon dish quality and yield in autumn increasing economic benefit.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above adopted technical scheme: a kind of method taking into account south Chinese toon dish quality and yield in autumn, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1. suitable soil: select neutral or weakly alkaline lime soil;
2. rational close planting: adopt Cold region apple type, every mu of 1000 ~ 3500 strains of planting, plant height controls at 1.2 meters ~ 2 meters;
3. cut bar in time: after spring, tender shoots gathered, early and middle ten days in may, select fine day to cut out the primary stem portion of overhead 15 ~ 45cm morning;
4. use sufficient and topdress: 0th ~ 5d after section bar, after cutting the wound healing of bar wound, Mei Mu deep placement composite fertilizer 0 ~ 15kg and the livestock and poultry fertilizer 500 ~ 2500kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, 5 ~ 25d before extracing compound leaf, top dressing 0 ~ 3 time, sprays 0.1 ~ 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sprays branches and leaves;
5. compound leaf is extractd: late August to early September extracts compound leaf on new mobile jib;
6. timely collecting: compound leaf removes 5 ~ 10d, starts terminal bud of gathering, until mid-November terminates, and the long 5 ~ 20cm of bud;
7. antifreeze foster tree: enter winter, sets up booth and carries out warming work; Use sufficient base manure of surviving the winter, every mu enriches composite fertilizer 0 ~ 20kg and the livestock and poultry fertilizer 1000 ~ 2500kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed.
Further, also step is comprised:
8. suitablely adopt spring vegetable, spring in next year, Chinese toon greenhouse cultivation was gathered March 1, or outdoor cropping can be gathered by the end of March, gathered to early and middle ten days in May and terminated.
As preferably, step 2. in described rational close planting be every mu of 1500 ~ 2500 strains of planting, plant height controls at 1.5 meters ~ 1.8 meters.
As preferably, step 3. described in cut bar in time, select fine day to cut out the primary stem portion of overhead 25 ~ 30cm morning.
As preferably, step 4. in ripe livestock and poultry fertilizer be that chicken manure is fertile, consumption is 500 ~ 1000kg/ mu.
As preferably, step 6. described in bud length be 7 ~ 10cm.
As preferably, described Chinese toon dish selects green Chinese toon kind or red bud Chinese toon kind.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: only to gather aspect ratio in spring one with general Chinese toon dish, the high-quality spring Chinese toon dish that the present invention had both gathered early stage, to be gathered healthy and strong green autumn Chinese toon dish by measure increase again, control nitrite salt content, improve single plant yield, quality and safety.Because Chinese toon in autumn food market lacks, be again vegetables dull seasons, average sales price exceeds 1 times than spring, than the per mu yield value improve effects more than 2 times of spring Chinese toon dish of gathering merely.To enhancing market supply in dull season ability, promote that the special vegetables economic development of woods is significant.Take the autumn Chinese toon dish protein content of the technology of the present invention, content of reducing sugar and total ascorbic acid (Vc) content and spring Chinese toon dish close, breach autumn Chinese toon dish quality not as the production bottleneck of spring Chinese toon dish.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1, selection kind is the green Chinese toon kind with very strong germinating capacity in autumn of local systematic breeding, carries out the production of south autumn Chinese toon dish, takes following measure:
(1) soil is selected: select the neutral soil that soil layer is deep, fertile, and this is beneficial to and controls plant content of nitrite.
(2) rational close planting: every mu of planting density 2000 strain, make the colony of Chinese toon tree and individuality obtain best performance, plant height controls at about 1.6 meters, colony and individual photosynthesis is maximized, reduces content of nitrite.
(3) cut bar in time: after spring, tender shoots gathered, early and middle ten days in may, select fine day to cut out the primary stem portion of overhead more than 30cm morning, promote that Plantlet formation more divides limb and breeds full autumn bud.
(4) use sufficient and topdress: cut 0th ~ 2d after bar, after cutting the wound healing of bar wound, the fertile 800kg of Mei Mu deep placement composite fertilizer 10kg+ Chicken dung immediately, to promote that new healthy and strong mobile jib is formed, applying organic manure chicken manure is beneficial to and controls Chinese toon dish content of nitrite picking time.Excision compound leaf before 2 weeks, week about 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate spray branches and leaves, promotion flower_bud formation.
(5) compound leaf is extractd: extract compound leaf on new mobile jib by the end of August, to promote that healthy and strong terminal bud and new lateral bud are formed.
(6) timely collecting: as the long 7 ~ 15cm of bud, gather in time, Chinese toon menu at this moment is rather measured relatively less, and content of nitrite is also lower, gathers 5 ~ 6 batches.
(7) antifreeze foster tree: enter winter, sets up booth and carries out warming work, use sufficient base manure of surviving the winter simultaneously, and every mu enriches composite fertilizer 20kg+ and to become thoroughly decomposed the fertile 1200kg of livestock and poultry, for high-yield high-quality safe spring in next year and autumn dish cultivation lay the foundation.
(8) suitablely spring bud is adopted.General spring in next year, Chinese toon bud greenhouse cultivation can be gathered March 1, gathered to the first tenday period of a month in May and terminated, gather 5 batches.
Embodiment 2, select kind to be the red bud Chinese toon kind that the nonlocal germinating capacity in autumn introduced in south is stronger, carry out the production of south autumn Chinese toon dish, take following measure:
(1) soil is selected: select the neutral soil that soil layer is deep, fertile, and this is beneficial to and controls plant content of nitrite.
(2) rational close planting: every mu of planting density 1800 strain, make the colony of Chinese toon tree and individuality obtain best performance, plant height controls at about 1.8 meters, colony and individual photosynthesis is maximized, reduces content of nitrite.
(3) cut bar in time: after spring, tender shoots gathered, early and middle ten days in may, select fine day to cut out the primary stem portion of overhead more than 40cm morning, promote that Plantlet formation more divides limb and breeds full autumn bud.
(4) use sufficient and topdress: cut 0th ~ 2d after bar, after cutting the wound healing of bar wound, the fertile 1000kg of Mei Mu deep placement composite fertilizer 5kg+ Chicken dung immediately, to promote that new healthy and strong mobile jib is formed, applying organic manure chicken manure is beneficial to and controls Chinese toon dish content of nitrite picking time.10d before excision compound leaf, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate sprays branches and leaves, promotes flower_bud formation.
(5) compound leaf is extractd: early September extracts compound leaf on new mobile jib, to promote that healthy and strong terminal bud and new lateral bud are formed.
(6) timely collecting: as the long 7 ~ 15cm of bud, gather in time, Chinese toon menu at this moment is rather measured relatively less, and content of nitrite is also lower, gathers 5 ~ 6 batches.
(7) antifreeze foster tree: enter winter, sets up booth and carries out warming work, use sufficient base manure of surviving the winter simultaneously, and every mu enriches composite fertilizer 25kg+ and to become thoroughly decomposed the fertile 1000kg of livestock and poultry, for high-yield high-quality safe spring in next year and autumn dish cultivation lay the foundation.
(8) suitablely spring bud is adopted.General spring in next year, Chinese toon bud greenhouse cultivation can be gathered March 1, gathered to the first tenday period of a month in May and terminated, gather 5 batches.
Embodiment 3, selection kind is the green Chinese toon kind with very strong germinating capacity in autumn of local systematic breeding, carries out the production of south autumn Chinese toon dish, takes following measure:
(1) soil is selected: select the neutral soil that soil layer is deep, fertile, and this is beneficial to and controls plant content of nitrite.
(2) rational close planting: every mu of planting density 2000 strain, make the colony of Chinese toon tree and individuality obtain best performance, plant height controls at about 1.6 meters, colony and individual photosynthesis is maximized, reduces content of nitrite.
(3) cut bar in time: after spring, tender shoots gathered, early and middle ten days in may, select fine day to cut out the primary stem portion of overhead more than 30cm morning, promote that Plantlet formation more divides limb and breeds full autumn bud.
(4) use sufficient and topdress: cut 0th ~ 2d after bar, after cutting the wound healing of bar wound, every mu of fertile 1500kg of deep placement Chicken dung immediately, to promote that new healthy and strong mobile jib is formed, applying organic manure chicken manure is beneficial to and controls Chinese toon dish content of nitrite picking time.10d before excision compound leaf, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate sprays branches and leaves, promotes flower_bud formation.
(5) compound leaf is extractd: extract compound leaf on new mobile jib by the end of August, to promote that healthy and strong terminal bud and new lateral bud are formed.
(6) timely collecting: as the long 7 ~ 15cm of bud, gather in time, Chinese toon menu at this moment is rather measured relatively less, and content of nitrite is also lower, gathers 5 ~ 6 batches.
(7) antifreeze foster tree: enter winter, sets up booth and carries out warming work, use sufficient base manure of surviving the winter simultaneously, and every mu enriches composite fertilizer 25kg+ and to become thoroughly decomposed the fertile 1000kg of livestock and poultry, for high-yield high-quality safe spring in next year and autumn dish cultivation lay the foundation.
(8) suitablely spring bud is adopted.General spring in next year, Chinese toon bud greenhouse cultivation can be gathered March 1, gathered to the first tenday period of a month in May and terminated, gather 5 batches.
Embodiment 4, select kind to be the red bud Chinese toon kind that the nonlocal germinating capacity in autumn introduced in south is stronger, carry out the production of south autumn Chinese toon dish, take following measure:
(1) soil is selected: select the neutral soil that soil layer is deep, fertile, and this is beneficial to and controls plant content of nitrite.
(2) rational close planting: every mu of planting density 1800 strain, make the colony of Chinese toon tree and individuality obtain best performance, plant height controls at about 1.8 meters, colony and individual photosynthesis is maximized, reduces content of nitrite.
(3) cut bar in time: after spring, tender shoots gathered, early and middle ten days in may, select fine day to cut out the primary stem portion of overhead more than 40cm morning, promote that Plantlet formation more divides limb and breeds full autumn bud.
(4) use sufficient and topdress: cut 0th ~ 2d after bar, after cutting the wound healing of bar wound, the fertile 500kg of Mei Mu deep placement composite fertilizer 15kg+ Chicken dung immediately, to promote that new healthy and strong mobile jib is formed, applying organic manure chicken manure is beneficial to and controls Chinese toon dish content of nitrite picking time.Excision compound leaf before 2 weeks, every 1 week 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate spray branches and leaves, promotion flower_bud formation.
(5) compound leaf is extractd: early September extracts compound leaf on new mobile jib, to promote that healthy and strong terminal bud and new lateral bud are formed.
(6) timely collecting: as the long 7 ~ 15cm of bud, gather in time, Chinese toon menu at this moment is rather measured relatively less, and content of nitrite is also lower, gathers 5 ~ 6 batches.
(7) antifreeze foster tree: enter winter, sets up booth and carries out warming work, use sufficient base manure of surviving the winter simultaneously, and every mu enriches composite fertilizer 15kg+ and to become thoroughly decomposed the fertile 1000kg of livestock and poultry, for high-yield high-quality safe spring in next year and autumn dish cultivation lay the foundation.
(8) suitablely spring bud is adopted.General spring in next year, Chinese toon bud greenhouse cultivation can be gathered March 1, gathered to the first tenday period of a month in May and terminated, gather 5 batches.
The Analysis of Nutritive Composition of spring bud and autumn bud (the autumn bud in embodiment 1) and economic benefits comparison (two annuals in 2010 ~ 2011 years)
As can be seen from above table, although the nutritive value of autumn bud does not have the enriching of spring bud, relatively, and the economic benefit produced because of output increased is much better than spring bud.
Compared with prior art, technological merit of the present invention is: the autumn Chinese toon vegetable kind that (1) adopts is formed through systematic breeding by former landrace, or the red bud Chinese toon of domestication that other places, south is introduced, the terminal bud in autumn and sprouting of lateral bud power strong (general kind is not easily sprouted), yield and quality is better than former landrace.(2) only gather with general Chinese toon dish aspect ratio in spring one, the high-quality spring Chinese toon dish that the present invention had both gathered early stage, to be gathered healthy and strong green autumn Chinese toon dish by measure increase again, controls nitrite salt content, improve single plant yield, quality and safety.(3) because Chinese toon in autumn food market lacks, it is again vegetables dull seasons, average sales price 70 yuan/kg, be up to 80 yuan/kg, cost ratio exceeds 1 times spring, spring and autumn two add up to economic benefit to reach 10,000 yuan/mu, are worth more than 3000 yuan of improve effects more than 2 times (seeing the above table) than the per mu yield of spring Chinese toon dish of gathering merely.(4) take the autumn Chinese toon dish protein content of the technology of the present invention, content of reducing sugar and total ascorbic acid (Vc) content and spring Chinese toon dish close, breach autumn Chinese toon dish quality not as the production bottleneck of spring Chinese toon dish.