CN104751778A - 有机发光二极管显示装置及其驱动方法 - Google Patents

有机发光二极管显示装置及其驱动方法 Download PDF

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CN104751778A
CN104751778A CN201410381318.9A CN201410381318A CN104751778A CN 104751778 A CN104751778 A CN 104751778A CN 201410381318 A CN201410381318 A CN 201410381318A CN 104751778 A CN104751778 A CN 104751778A
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driving transistors
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裵娜荣
沈钟植
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LG Display Co Ltd
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Abstract

公开了一种有机发光二极管显示装置及其驱动方法。该有机发光二极管显示装置包括：有机发光二极管；可变驱动电压源；驱动晶体管，该驱动晶体管具有连接至可变驱动电压源的第一电极，并且根据所述驱动晶体管的第三电极与第二电极之间的电压差来控制有机发光二极管的操作；第一电流源，该第一电流源用于通过数据线向驱动晶体管的第三电极和第二电极提供第一电流；第二电流源，该第二电流源用于通过数据线向驱动晶体管的第三电极和第二电极提供第二电流；以及模拟-数字转换器，该模拟-数字转换器用于通过所述数据线检测在驱动晶体管的第一电极与第二电极之间流动的感测电流的电平。

Description

有机发光二极管显示装置及其驱动方法
技术领域
本发明涉及有机发光二极管显示装置及其驱动方法。
背景技术
平板显示(FPD)装置有利于其小型化和重量减轻，并且由此已经被广泛用于台式计算机以及便携式计算机(诸如膝上型计算机和PDA)、移动蜂窝电话等的监视器。这些FPD装置是液晶显示(LCD)装置、等离子显示板(PDP)装置、场发射显示(FED)装置以及有机发光二极管(OLED)显示装置。
其中，OLED显示装置具有下述优点：快速响应速度、高发光效率的亮度以及大视角。一般来说，就OLED显示装置而言，通过利用根据扫描信号导通的开关晶体管来向驱动晶体管的栅极施加数据电压，并且有机发光二极管利用提供给驱动晶体管的数据电压来发射光。即，提供给有机发光二极管的电流由施加至驱动晶体管的栅极的数据电压来控制。然而，形成在像素中的各驱动晶体管由于制造工艺的特性而具有阈值电压(Vth)偏差。提供给有机发光二极管的电流由于驱动晶体管之间的阈值电压偏差而可以具有与设计电平不同的电平，并且由此亮度的电平可以不同于希望电平。
为解决该问题，已经采用补偿图片质量的方法，其中，通过感测用于各像素的驱动晶体管的特性参数(阈值电压和迁移率)并且然后根据感测结果恰当地修正输入数据来减少亮度的不均匀性。
例如，根据在韩国专利公布No.10-2013-0036659(题名为：“Method of MeasuringCharacteristics of Transistor in Organic Light Emitting Diode Display Device”)中公开的外部补偿方法，将电流源定位在像素外，通过电流源向有机发光二极管施加预定电流，测量所得电压，并且补偿有机发光二极管中的劣化偏差。
就用于补偿图片质量的广泛已知技术而言，分别采用慢模式感测方法和快模式感测方法，以便检测驱动晶体管的阈值电压特性和迁移率特性。另外，各感测方法采用不同的方式，并且需要用于存储偏移值的附加存储器。
因此，已经寻求用于更有效地检测驱动晶体管的阈值电压特性和迁移率的新方法。
本申请要求保护2013年12月31日提交的韩国专利申请No.10-2013-0169165的优先权，出于如同在此完全阐述的所有目的而通过引用将其并入这里。
发明内容
已经做出本发明，以提供一种有机发光二极管显示装置，该有机发光二极管显示装置能够在减少感测时段的同时检测并补偿阈值电压特性和迁移率特性两者。
附图说明
附图被包括进来以提供对本发明的进一步理解，并且附图被并入并构成本说明书的一部分，附图例示本发明的实施方式，并与本描述一起用于说明本发明的原理。在图中：
图1是示出根据本发明的有机发光二极管显示装置的图；
图2是示出根据本发明的有机发光二极管显示装置的像素的图；
图3是用于检测驱动晶体管的阈值电压特性和迁移率特性的波形的时序图；
图4是用于例示检测驱动晶体管的阈值电压特性和迁移率特性的原理的视图；
图5是用于例示像素之间的阈值电压和迁移率的比较的视图；以及
图6是用于正常驱动的波形的时序图。
具体实施方式
现在，对本发明的实施方式进行详细说明，在附图中例示了其示例。在可能的情况下，在整个附图中使用相同的附图标记来指代相同或相似的部件。应注意的是，如果确定已知技术可能误导本发明的实施方式，则将省略对该技术的详细描述。
图1是示出根据本发明的有机发光二极管显示装置的图；而图2是示出图1中所示的像素P的示例的图。
参照图1和2，根据本发明的有机发光二极管显示装置包括：显示板10，其具有以矩阵型布置的像素P；数据驱动器12；选通驱动器13；以及定时控制器11。
显示板10包括多个像素P。显示板10要基于通过各像素P显示的灰度级来显示图像。所述多个像素P针对第一至第m水平线以预定间隔布置，使得像素P以矩阵型设置。
各像素P设置在彼此正交的数据线14和选通线部分15的交叉区处。连接至各像素P的选通线部分15中的每一条包括扫描线15a和感测线15b。像素P中的每一个包括：有机发光二极管OLED；驱动晶体管DT；第一晶体管T1和第二晶体管T2；以及存储电容器Cs。驱动晶体管DT和第一晶体管T1与第二晶体管T2可以通过包括氧化物半导体层的氧化物薄膜晶体管(下面，称为TFT)来实现。考虑到包括电子迁移率、工艺变化(process variations)等的所有因素，氧化物TFT有利于增加显示板10。然而，本发明不限于此，并且TFT的半导体层可以由非晶硅、多晶硅等形成。
定时控制器11要控制数据驱动器12和选通驱动器13的驱动时序。为此，定时控制器11根据显示板10的分辨率重新布置外部输入的数字视频数据(RGB)，并且然后将该数据提供给数据驱动器12。另外，定时控制器11基于诸如垂直同步信号(Vsync)、水平同步信号(Hsync)、点时钟信号(DCLK)以及数据使能信号DE这样的时序信号，生成用于控制数据驱动器12的操作时序的数据控制信号DDC，并且生成用于控制选通驱动器13的操作时序的选通控制信号GDC。
数据驱动器12要驱动数据线14。为此，数据驱动器12基于数据控制信号DDC，将从定时控制器11输入的数字视频数据RGB转换成模拟数据电压，并将该模拟数据电压提供给数据线14。
数据驱动器12包括：第一电流源21与第二电流源22；和模拟-数字转换器(下面，称为ADC)25。第一电流源21向驱动晶体管DT的第三电极和第二电极提供第一电流，而第二电流源22向驱动晶体管DT的第三电极和第二电极提供第二电流。ADC25在接收到第一电流时，感测从驱动晶体管DT的第二电极流向第一电极的电流的电平。另外，ADC25在接收到第二电流时，感测从驱动晶体管DT的第二电极流向第一电极的电流的电平。
选通驱动器13要驱动选通线部分15，并且通过利用从定时控制器11提供的选通控制信号GDC来生成第一至第三选通信号。选通控制信号GDC包括：选通起始脉冲GSP，其用于指示扫描所开始的起始扫描线；选通移位时钟GSC，其用于顺序地移位选通起始脉冲GSP；以及选通输出使能GOE，其用于指示选通驱动器的输出。
根据本发明实施方式的像素P中的每一个包括：有机发光二极管OLED、可变驱动电压源V_VDD、驱动晶体管DT、第一晶体管ST1和第二晶体管ST2、以及存储电容器Cs。
有机发光二极管OLED通过从驱动晶体管DT提供的驱动电流而发射光。多个有机化合物层形成在有机发光二极管OLED中的阳极电极与阴极电极之间。该有机化合物层包括：空穴注入层HIL、空穴传输层HTL、发光层EML、电子传输层ETL以及电子注入层EIL。有机发光二极管OLED的阳极电极连接至驱动晶体管DT的源极，而其阴极电极连接至低压驱动电压VSS。
可变驱动电压源V_VDD选择性地提供低电平电压和高电平电压。
提供给有机发光二极管OLED的驱动电流通过驱动晶体管DT的第一电极n1和第二电极n2之间的电压来控制。这里，第一电极n1和第二电极n2可以分别是漏极(源极)和源极(漏极)。因为驱动晶体管DT的第一电极n1连接至可变驱动电压源V_VDD，所以根据可变驱动电压源的电压电平，第一电极n1可以是漏极或源极。类似地，根据可变驱动电压源V_VDD的电压电平，驱动晶体管DT的第二电极n2可以是源极或漏极。
驱动晶体管DT的第三电极n3连接至数据电压Vdata的输入端子；其第一电极n1连接至可变驱动电压V_VDD的输入端子；而其第二电极n2连接至有机发光二极管OLED。
第一晶体管T1响应于扫描信号SCAN，控制数据线14与驱动晶体管DT的第三电极n3之间的电流路径。为此，第一晶体管T1的第三电极连接至扫描线15a；第一晶体管T1的漏极连接至数据线14；而第一晶体管T1的源极连接至驱动晶体管D1的第三电极n3。
第二晶体管T2响应于感测信号SENSE，控制数据线14与驱动晶体管DT的第二电极n2之间的电流路径。为此，第二晶体管T2的第三电极连接至感测线15b；第二晶体管T2的漏极连接至数据线14；而第二晶体管T2的源极连接至驱动晶体管D1的第二电极n2。
存储电容器Cs在一个帧期间保持从数据线14提供的数据电压Vdata，使得驱动晶体管DT保持预定电压。为此，存储电容器Cs连接至驱动晶体管DT的第三电极n3和第二电极n2。
对用于检测形成在具有前述结构的像素P中的驱动晶体管DT的特性的方法描述如下。
图3是提供给根据本发明的第一晶体管T1和第二晶体管T2的波形的时序图。
在第一电流提供时段t1期间，第一开关SW1响应于高电平信号，向数据线14提供第一电流Idc1。第一晶体管T1响应于扫描信号SCAN，向驱动晶体管DT的第三电极n3提供通过数据线14接收到的第一电流Idc1。第二晶体管T2响应于感测信号SENSE，向驱动晶体管DT的第二电极n2提供通过数据线14接收到的第一电流Idc1。另外，可变驱动电压源V_VDD被改变成低电平电压GND。
因此，驱动晶体管DT的第三电极n3与第二电极n2之间的电压高于操作电压，第一感测电流Ids1在第二电极n2与第一电极n1之间流动。这里，第一感测电流Ids1的电平等于第一电流Idc1的电平。
在第一感测时段t2期间，第三开关SW3导通，ADC25获得驱动晶体管DT的第三电极n3的电压。
因为第一感测电流Ids1的电平等于第一电流Idc1的电平，所以第三电极n3的第一电流Idc1和(在第一感测时段t2期间获得)第一感测电压V1可以在图4所示驱动晶体管DT的电流特性曲线上匹配。即，通过利用第一电流Idc1和第一感测电压V1的电平来获得第一坐标P1。
在第二电流提供时段t3期间，第一开关SW1截止，第二开关SW2响应于高电平信号向数据线14提供第二电流Idc2。第一晶体管T1响应于扫描信号SCAN，向驱动晶体管DT的第三电极n3提供通过数据线14接收到的第二电流Idc2。第二晶体管T2响应于感测信号SENSE，向驱动晶体管DT的第二电极n2提供通过数据线14接收到的第二电流Idc2。另外，可变驱动电压源V_VDD保持低电平电压GND。
因此，驱动晶体管DT的第三电极n3与第二电极n2之间的电压高于操作电压，第二感测电流Ids2在第二电极n2与第一电极n1之间流动。这里，第二感测电流Ids2的电平等于第二电流Idc2的电平。
在第二电流提供时段t3期间，第三开关截止。
在第二感测时段t4期间，第三开关SW3导通，ADC25获得驱动晶体管DT的第三电极n3的电压。
因为第二感测电流Ids2的电平等于第二电流Idc2的电平，所以第三电极n3的第二电流Idc2和(在第二感测时段t4期间获得的)第二感测电压V2可以在图4所示的驱动晶体管DT的电流特性曲线上匹配。即，利用第二电流Idc2和第二感测电压V2的电平获得第二坐标P2。
最后，第一坐标P1和第二坐标P2变为在驱动晶体管DT的电流特性曲线上的两个点。
驱动晶体管的电流特性曲线示出如下(等式1)：
Ids＝k×μ×(Vgs-Vth)  (等式1)
这里，k是比例常数，μ是迁移率，而Vth是阈值电压。
即，驱动晶体管的阈值电压可以通过计算针对连接第一坐标P1和第二坐标P2的直线的x截距而从(等式1)获得。另外，迁移率可以通过利用第一坐标P1或第二坐标P2的斜率而获得。
这里，因为驱动晶体管的电流特性曲线在第一坐标P1与第二坐标P2之间基本上不是直线，所以连接第一坐标P1和第二坐标P2的曲线的X截距可能与驱动晶体管的绝对值不同。
因此，在本发明中，能够通过计算驱动晶体管的两个或更多个阈值电压电平并且在其间进行相对比较来执行阈值电压的补偿。即，可以通过利用Vg值的差异来计算阈值电压的相对差值。另外，可以通过计算斜率的比例来获得迁移率的相对比例值。
图5示出感测形成在两个像素中的第一驱动晶体管和第二驱动晶体管的特性的模拟结果。有关在该模拟中所用的装置的基本规格，对于第一驱动晶体管来说，阈值电压(Vth)是0V，而迁移率是0.75，而对于第二驱动晶体管来说，阈值电压(Vth)是5V，而迁移率是1。
第一图形(Gr1)示出第一驱动晶体管的特性，其通过利用本发明计算出。当将10μA电流施加至第一驱动晶体管DT时，第一坐标P1对应于第三电极的电压，而当将1μA电流施加至第一驱动晶体管DT时，第二坐标P2对应于第三电极的电压。
第二图形(Gr2)示出通过利用本发明计算出的第二驱动晶体管的特性。当将10μA电流施加至第二驱动晶体管DT时，第三坐标P3对应于第三电极的电压，而当将1μA电流施加至第二驱动晶体管DT时，第四坐标P4对应于第三电极的电压。
[表1]示出通过利用本发明的方法获得的第一驱动晶体管和第二驱动晶体管的阈值电压值和迁移率值。
[表1]
阈值电压(X截距) 迁移率(斜率)
第一驱动晶体管 1.4 1.5
第二驱动晶体管 6.4 2.0
基于该结果，从下面的等式2和等式3计算第二驱动晶体管与第一驱动晶体管相比的阈值电压的差值(△Vth)和迁移率的比例值(△mobility)：
△Vth＝6.4-1.4＝5  (等式2)
△mobility＝2.0/1.5＝1.3  (等式3)
能够证实，上述结果最相似于基于装置的基本规格计算出的阈值电压的差值(5–0＝0)和迁移率的比例值(1/0.75)。
而且，在本发明中，能够通过利用这样获得的阈值电压的差值(△Vth)和迁移率的比例值(△mobility)来补偿数据电压。
同样根据本发明的有机发光二极管显示装置，能够更多地减少用于检测驱动晶体管的阈值电压特性和迁移率特性的过程的时间。根据现有技术的用于检测阈值电压的源极跟随(source follow)方法需要较长时间以进行感测。然而，在本发明中，能够用较短时间(如数十μs或更少)来检测阈值电压和迁移率。
图6是用于本发明的有机发光二极管的正常驱动波形的时序图。
参照图6，在写入时段(Tw)期间，可变驱动电压源V_VDD变动至低电压。第一晶体管T1响应于第一晶体管T1的扫描信号，向驱动晶体管DT的第三电极提供从数据线14接收到的数据电压。这里，第二电极n2在浮置状态下的电压根据在存储电容器Cst中充入的电荷而上升或下降。
在发光时段Te期间，可变驱动电压源V_VDD向第一电极n1提供高电平电压。第一晶体管T1截止，并且存储在存储电容器Cst中的数据电压被提供给有机发光二极管OLED。因此，有机发光二极管OLED发射具有与数据电压成比例的亮度的光。
本发明的有机发光二极管显示装置能够在不利用源极跟随型的情况下，同时检测驱动晶体管的阈值电压和迁移率。
尽管已经参照本发明的多个例示性实施方式对这些实施方式进行了描述，但应当明白的是，本领域技术人员能够想出落入本公开原理的范围内的多个其它修改和实施方式。更具体地，在本公开、附图以及所附权利要求书的范围内，在主题组合布置(arrangement)的组成部分和/或布置中的各种变化和修改是可能的。除了在该组成部分和/或布置中的变化和修改以外，本领域技术人员也将清楚替代的用途。

Claims (7)

1.一种有机发光二极管显示装置，所述有机发光二极管显示装置包括：
有机发光二极管；
可变驱动电压源；
驱动晶体管，所述驱动晶体管具有连接至所述可变驱动电压源的第一电极，并且根据所述驱动晶体管的第三电极与第二电极之间的电压差来控制所述有机发光二极管的操作；
第一电流源，所述第一电流源用于通过数据线向所述驱动晶体管的所述第三电极和所述第二电极提供第一电流；
第二电流源，所述第二电流源用于通过所述数据线向所述驱动晶体管的所述第三电极和所述第二电极提供第二电流；以及
模拟-数字转换器，所述模拟-数字转换器用于通过所述数据线检测在所述驱动晶体管的所述第一电极与所述第二电极之间流动的感测电流的电平。
2.根据权利要求1所述的有机发光二极管显示装置，所述有机发光二极管显示装置还包括：
第一晶体管，所述第一晶体管位于所述数据线与所述驱动晶体管的所述第三电极之间，并且对所述数据线与所述驱动晶体管的所述第三电极之间的电流路径进行开关；和
第二晶体管，所述第二晶体管位于所述数据线与所述驱动晶体管的所述第二电极之间，并且对所述数据线与所述第二电极之间的电流路径进行开关。
3.一种用于驱动有机发光二极管显示装置的方法，所述有机发光二极管显示装置包括：驱动晶体管，所述驱动晶体管具有连接至可变驱动电压源的第一电极，并且根据所述驱动晶体管的第三电极与第二电极之间的电压差来控制所述有机发光二极管的操作；第一电流源，所述第一电流源用于通过数据线向所述驱动晶体管的所述第三电极和所述第二电极提供第一电流；以及第二电流源，所述第二电流源用于通过所述数据线向所述驱动晶体管的所述第三电极和所述第二电极提供第二电流，所述方法包括以下步骤：
通过向所述第三电极和所述第二电极提供所述第一电流并且检测所述第三电极的与所述第一电流对应的电压来获得第一感测电压；
通过向所述第三电极和所述第二电极提供所述第二电流并且检测所述第三电极的与所述第二电流对应的电压来获得第二感测电压；
以与所述第一电流和所述第一感测电压的对应关系获得第一坐标；
以与所述第二电流和所述第二感测电压的对应关系获得第二坐标；以及
获得连接所述第一坐标和所述第二坐标的直线，作为所述驱动晶体管的特性曲线。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，所述方法还包括以下步骤：计算有关所述特性曲线的X截距，作为所述驱动晶体管的阈值电压。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，所述方法还包括以下步骤：计算有关所述特性曲线的斜率，作为所述驱动晶体管的迁移率。
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法，所述方法还包括以下步骤：
计算第一像素的驱动晶体管的阈值电压；
计算第二像素的驱动晶体管的阈值电压；以及
计算所述第一像素的所述驱动晶体管的所述阈值电压与所述第二像素的所述驱动晶体管的所述阈值电压之差，以补偿阈值电压的偏差。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法，所述方法还包括以下步骤：
计算第一像素的驱动晶体管的迁移率；
计算第二像素的驱动晶体管的迁移率；以及
计算所述第一像素的所述驱动晶体管的所述迁移率与所述第二像素的所述驱动晶体管的所述迁移率之间的比率，以补偿迁移率的偏差。
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