CN104740673A - 吸收性物品的二元气味控制系统 - Google Patents

吸收性物品的二元气味控制系统 Download PDF

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CN104740673A
CN104740673A CN201410749321.1A CN201410749321A CN104740673A CN 104740673 A CN104740673 A CN 104740673A CN 201410749321 A CN201410749321 A CN 201410749321A CN 104740673 A CN104740673 A CN 104740673A
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cellulose
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absorbent commodity
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布兰特·A·彼得森
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Weyerhaeuser NR Co
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Abstract

在此公开了整合了未反应量的无机过氧化物和去稳酸作为气味控制系统的二元组分的纤维素浆粕结构、合并了这种结构的吸收性物品、以及生成其的各种方法。所述组分适合于在含水流体存在下反应以生成过氧化氢,因而提供抗微生物和气味减轻效果。

Description

吸收性物品的二元气味控制系统
技术领域
本公开涉及在吸收性物品中的气味控制,并且尤其涉及整合了适合于在含水的流体存在下反应以制造过氧化氢的气味控制系统的二元组分的纤维素浆粕结构、合并了这些结构的吸收性物品以及形成其的各种方法。
背景技术
气味长期是吸收性物品如尿布、成人失禁产品、女性卫生产品以及绷带、创面用敷料和其他这样的物品的挑战。这些物品被设计来容纳通常采用流体形式(例如血液、尿液、汗液等)的身体或生理废物。存在与这些废物关联的气味,例如由于微生物活性(对在尿液中的尿素、对在血液中的蛋白和脂质等)等,并且已经有很多降低或消除这些气味的尝试。这些尝试通常落在三类中的一类中。一类是使用添加的材料来吸收或吸附挥发性气味以限制它们向周围环境的释放。另一类是使用掩盖材料例如香水。第三类是使用物质来抑制体液降解产物的生成。
许多吸收性物品被设定包括配置在顶部片材和背部片材之间的流体吸收性核心。顶部片材通常从适合于促进流体转移进入吸收性核心的流体可渗透的材料形成,例如当流体侵害时,通常只有极少的流体被顶部片材所滞留。相应地,顶部片材材料可以是疏水的。吸收性核心适合于保留流体,并且背部片材通常由流体不可渗透的材料形成以形成阻止保留的流体逃离的阻隔层。吸收性核心可以由一个或多个层组成,例如捕获、分布、和/或储存流体的层。在许多情况下,纤维素纤维基体例如无尘垫和/或无纺布被用在(或用作)吸收性物品的吸收性核心。在一些情况下,不同的层可以由一或多个不同类型的纤维素纤维例如交联纤维素纤维组成。吸收性核心也可包含一种或多种流体保留剂,例如在整个纤维基体分布的超吸收性聚合物。
不论结构如何,仍然存在对在多种不同的吸收性物品中进行有效的气味控制的需求。强效气味控制系统不仅将消除在流体侵害时存在的气味,而且将阻止接下来的气味的产生。
发明内容
无机过氧化物尤其碱土金属过氧化物例如过氧化钙、过氧化镁等已知可用于漂白、消毒和除臭。这些试剂当与含水的流体相接触时释放过氧化氢(H2O2)。不同的无机过氧化物具有不同的过氧化氢的释放曲线,但是许多在较低的pH值下呈现较高程度的H2O2释放。尽管不想受理论束缚,但较低的pH值也据信增加了产生的H2O2的稳定性并且提高了气味缓解的有效性。
相应地,依照本公开,气味可通过在吸收性物品例如在构成吸收性物品的吸收性核心的至少一部分的纤维素浆粕结构中整合稳定的无机过氧化物(例如过氧化钙)和去稳酸(例如柠檬酸)而提供上文所描述的强效气味控制系统。这样的系统在此被称为基于过氧化物的二元气味控制系统或更简单地为二元气味控制系统。在一些实施方案中,纤维素浆粕结构被定义为已经由二元气味控制系统的组分处理过的纤维素纤维基体。在使用中,当在纤维素纤维上的无机过氧化物与已经酸化的身体废物(例如尿液和另一种流体等)接触时,该过氧化物将变得不稳定,并且通过氧化方法中和气味并提供抗微生物的效果。
因此,依照本公开,在此提出了吸收性物品和/或合并了基于过氧化物的二元气味控制系统的纤维素浆粕结构以及制造这些物品和/或结构的方法的各种实施方案。
例如,在依照本公开构造的一些实施方案中,吸收性物品包含纤维素纤维基体所限定的并且适合于捕获和保留流体的纤维素浆粕结构,其中所述纤维素纤维用无机过氧化物和适合于与无机过氧化物在含水的流体存在下反应以生成过氧化氢的去稳酸处理。
一些这样的实施方案可包括流体保留剂,例如分布在整个纤维素浆粕结构的超吸收性聚合物(或“SAP”)。在一些实施方案中,纤维素浆粕结构可以被配置在流体可渗透的顶部片材和流体不可渗透的背部片材之间。在一些实施方案中,纤维素浆粕结构形成、包括、和/或被包括在吸收性物品里的吸收性核心的多个层中的一个或多个层,例如存储层和另外的层(不同地称为“捕获和分布层”、“A/D层”、或“ADL”),所述另外的层被插入在存储层和顶部片材之间的且适合于捕获流体并将捕获的流体分配到存储层。在一些这样的实施方案中,存储层可用过氧化物处理并且A/D层可用酸处理。在一些这样的实施方案中,存储层用两种组分处理。一些实施方案可以包括交联纤维素纤维。
在生成气味控制纤维素浆粕结构和/或整合了这样结构的吸收性物品的方法的一些实施方案中,纤维素浆粕结构通过首先从纤维素浆粕浆料(cellulose pulp slurry)形成纤维素浆粕片材并且然后从纤维素浆粕片材形成纤维素纤维基体而形成。在形成纤维素浆粕结构时分别加入无机过氧化物和去稳酸以使合适的量被保留在纤维素纤维基体中以在流体侵害存在时反应以形成过氧化氢。在一些方法中,无机过氧化物在形成浆粕片材期间添加。在一些方法中,去稳酸通过将含水形式的酸施加到浆粕片材而添加。在一些方法中,流体保留剂分布在整个纤维素纤维基体中。在一些这样的方法中,过氧化物以粒子的形式也分布在整个纤维素纤维基体中。
在上面简要描述的概念、特征、方法和组分构造参照附图和下面的详细描述进行澄清。
附图说明
图1是示出了依照本公开构造的整合了气味控制系统的二元组分的纤维素浆粕结构与对照相比较的气味控制效率评价的结果的图。
具体实施方式
适合于在此公开的实施方案的纤维素浆粕可使用传统的硫酸盐法、亚硫酸盐法或其他已知的方法制造。供给可以来自各种含有纤维素的原料的任何一种。通常,这些原料是落叶植物的硬木、针叶的树种(通常称为软木)、或这些材料的混合物,但是该公开没有因此被限制。因为其在尿布和相似产品的吸收性核心中的适用性,可以使用通常地为了最终用作吸收性绒毛而制造的漂白的软木硫酸盐浆粕。例如,由可用于本发明的南方松制造的合适的纤维素纤维可从Weyerhaeuser公司在名称CF416、NF405、PL416、FR416、NB416等下获得。可以使用所谓的“溶解浆粕”,但由于它们的低的工艺产率和导致的较高成本而可能不是最优的。本公开包括了所有的这样的原材料和它们的混合物。
纤维素浆粕片材可以用“湿式贴合”工艺制造,这是一种通过传统的纸制造技术引起纤维氢键结合在一起而从浆粕纤维在水中的悬浮液制备片材或织物的制备方法。在示例性工艺中,木片用化学品消化以形成如果想要然后能被清洗和漂白的纤维素木浆纤维。这些纤维然后被形成为含水的浆料,从流浆箱被递送到金属丝网筛。通过真空系统,水从沉积的浆料中被抽走,剩下沉积的浆粕片材,其进一步通过压力辊除水。然后将浆粕片材干燥并为了装运而绕成卷。以该方式制造的卷通常具有按纤维重量计10%或更少的水分含量(并且在大多情况下不多于8%或6%)。
为了形成吸收性物品和尤其是可抛式吸收性物品例如尿布、成人失禁产品、女性卫生产品等的吸收性核心,所述卷然后可被纤维化,例如将卷进料至锤磨机以制造被称为“绒毛”形式的纤维化的纤维素。然后将绒毛例如通过气流成网工艺或别的方式形成垫,所述垫用于包括在吸收性物品中。Mesek的US3975222是这样的工艺的代表。
如上指出,这样的物品可以有流体将流经的顶部片材、吸收性核心和流体不可渗透的背部片材。该吸收性核心可具有一个或多个层。例如,吸收性核心可具有适合于保留流体的存储层,以及单独地或共同地适合于捕获和/或分配通过顶部片材接收到的流体的一个或多个层。这样的层有时候被称为捕获和/或分配层。根据想要的功能,不同的层可具有不同量和类型的纤维素纤维。每一层可合并个化的浆粕纤维,以及其他的材料例如交联纤维素纤维、超吸收性粒子和/或其他的流体保留剂等。例如,用于合并入尿布的存储层通常包括超吸收性粒子。示例性的可抛式尿布的结构在例如Sheldon的US6436418中公开。
本公开的二元气味控制系统的组分、和/或任何其他的添加剂(例如促进组分在纤维的保留等的添加剂),也可以任何合适的方式被施加到纤维素纤维,例如在湿端通过在形成浆粕片材之前添加一种或多种组分到流浆箱以将组分合并到浆粕片材中、通过在干燥之前或之后施加到形成的浆粕片材、通过施加到纤维化的浆粕等。
然而,在应用中的一个挑战是二元气味控制系统组分在含水媒介中将会相互反应,因此本公开的方法以提供充分量的未反应组分以在结构接收流体侵害时生成过氧化氢的方式将组分合并到纤维素浆粕结构中。
在示例性方法中,将无机过氧化物在浆粕干燥机器的形成部分的上游添加例如到浆粕浆料中。可替代地(或另外地),将无机过氧化物在大型锻压机中添加到形成的片材。在干燥后,去稳酸的溶液以不连续的线淋在片材上。针对想要的效果,例如在接收流体侵害时过氧化氢生成的持续时间和/或量,对试剂的量进行优化,并且把应用过程考虑在内。例如,施加到片材的过氧化物的量占后续酸施加后被消耗掉的部分,并且酸的强度和/或量足够,以使得在组分重叠处,在中和过氧化物后,所述酸没有被耗尽。
在另一个示例性方法中,两种组分都可以单独地在片材干燥后例如以不连续的、交替的线淋在片材上。
另一个示例性方法以分开的生产步骤合并组分,例如可以是在纤维素浆粕结构在与浆粕片材的制造分开的设备或机器形成的场景中的情况。在这样的方法中,将一种组分(如酸、如柠檬酸)添加到浆粕片材,而将另一种组分(如过氧化物、如过氧化钙)在纤维化之后和/或纤维素浆粕基体形成期间添加到浆粕中。当纤维素浆粕基体是(或包括、或构成了一部分)无尘垫,向该无尘垫例如通过添加粉末形式的过氧化钙以及SAP而添加了SAP粒子时,这个方法可能是合适的。这样的方法对于一种或多种组分的性质可能尤其是适合的。例如,过氧化钙在水中不溶,这有可能实际上限制了可用的应用方法(和/或增加其花费)。
将过氧化钙整合到以片材形式的纤维素纤维中的示例性方法是在原位生成过氧化物,例如通过在干燥前的某些点处将氢氧化钙添加到浆粕,然后用过氧化氢处理干燥的浆粕片材以产生过氧化钙。
在另外的示例性方法中,所述组分可以合并到多层吸收性核心结构的分开的层中。例如,在其中纤维素浆粕结构形成、包括、或被包括在吸收性核心的一个或多个层,例如存储层和插入在存储层和顶部片材之间的另外的层(例如捕获和/或分配层)的实施方案中,所述存储层可合并过氧化物,而所述另外的层可合并去稳酸。任选地,存储层可包括处理过的(即用两种组分处理过的)纤维素浆粕结构。
前述的示例性应用方法是对任何数量的合适的应用方法和其组合的说明,所有这些应理解为由本公开所涵盖。
接下来的实施例描述了说明性的、非限制的用于形成合并了依照本公开的二元气味控制系统的纤维素浆粕结构的方法的实施方案。
实施例1:处理的片材的形成
在浆粕干燥机器的形成区域的上游添加足够量的过氧化钙以保证在纤维负载基础上约1%到10%(即按纤维质量的百分比)保留在干燥的片材中。例如,在一些测试例中,使用了与在干燥片材保留的纤维的质量的4%相等的量的过氧化钙。任选地,在浆粕浆料中添加保留助剂(例如Nalco7520,可从伊利诺斯州Naperville的Nalco公司获得)。在干燥时或在制卷前,利用悬在片材上面的喷杆将柠檬酸溶液的平行线淋在干燥的片材上,喷嘴间隔约0.75”到1.5”,有效地为约50%的片材表面区域给料。酸的剂量的水平使得在纤维负载基础上保留约0.45%到约3%的自由酸,这可通过确定合适的酸浓度和递送速度而实现。组分浓度、设备构造(例如喷嘴间距、喷射形式)、递送速度(例如酸的递送速度)等可在如下范围内变化,所述范围适合留下所述组分的想要的未反应量,所述量以足够浓度使得在使用中,例如当处理的浆粕形成随后与含水流体相接触的纤维素浆粕基体时,生成想要量的过氧化氢。
将浆粕片材脱水至约6%的水分含量并且来自酸溶液的水将水分含量回升至约9%。根据标准方法,处理的片材然后可生成由适合用于吸收性物品(包括例如尿布、成人失禁产品、女性卫生产品、绷带等)的处理的纤维素纤维基体所限定的纤维素浆粕结构。
实施例2:处理的垫的生成
含有6%水分、含有750g/m2的基重、0.54的比重、和在纵向量18”和横向量2”的漂白的硫酸盐浆粕带(合适的实例包括由Weyerhaeuser公司在名称FR416、NB416、CF416等下提供的等级)用装有20%的柠檬酸水溶液(ACS试剂,≥99.5%,从Sigma-Aldrich得到)的注射器处理。柠檬酸的剂量是浆粕的重量的0.9%。
垫然后从酸处理的浆粕制造。如在下面提到的气味控制效率测试中的描述,可以生成所述垫以模拟在尿布或其他吸收性物品中存在的吸收性核心。因此,垫子的性质如SAP对纤维的比例、基重等可以相应地调整。在该实施例中,酸处理的浆粕带用Kamas锤式粉碎机加工以充分地切割纤维。纤维化的浆粕(绒毛)然后与Hysorb 8600超吸收性聚合物(可从BASF获得)以SAP对绒毛60:40的比例混合。SAP/绒毛掺混物然后气流成网以生成具有300g/m2基重的直径6”的垫。75C(75%过氧化钙,可从Solvay Chemicals获得)粒子以基于垫的纤维部分的3%的水平撒在垫顶部。垫的边缘然后折叠成具有3”的直径的圆。这个较小尺寸/较高基重的垫然后在Wabash锻压机中锻压以获得0.2的比重。
根据在实施例2描述的方法制造的垫用于气味控制效率测试和再湿量测试中。测试方案和结果在下面描述。
气味控制效率测试
气味控制效率测试方案进行模型化以模拟最终使用者预期在使用期间在吸收性物品中发现的条件。相应地,调节纤维对SAP比例和垫基重以模拟可能合并了二元气味控制系统的产品中的纤维对SAP比例和垫基重。
生成了两组直径3”的圆形垫,一组使用未处理的对照纤维并且另一组使用经气味控制组分处理的纤维。将垫放置在高4”、内径3”的罐子中,将罐子配对,每一对包括未处理的垫和处理的垫。
尿液样品从健康成人收集,因为来自健康个体的尿液是无菌的而且许多与尿液相关的气味是因为微生物活性,样品用细菌接种、摇动并且允许放置若干分钟以保证均一的分布。合适的细菌包括在人源菌群存在的在正常人体温度范围内(例如约96°-100°F)有活性的那些细菌。出于安全目的这可以通过例如每一个捐赠者向其尿液样品中吐痰而实现。可替代地,组合样品可用合适的细菌接种。向在每个罐子中的垫加入用如在初始测试中确定的约其吸收性容量70%的量的接种的尿液。样品罐子被密封并且放置在控制在约正常人体温度(例如约96°-100°F)的温度的培养箱中。在4小时和12小时总共孵育时间的间隔下,为了评价将样品罐子移走,通过移走样品罐子盖并立即闻头部空间来进行。评价者给配对的样品分级,指示一个是“喜欢的”和另一个是“不喜欢的”。
基于来自一些测试参与者的测试结果,使用标准的非参数统计学方法来确定是否一种制剂相对于另一种是优选的。例如,在20个参与者的测试规模中,至少65%的人必须把样品定级为“喜欢的”以建立在95%置信区间内统计学上显著不同的具有80%检验效能的结果。
评估3对样品(未处理的对仅用柠檬酸处理的;未处理的对仅用过氧化钙处理的;未处理的对用两种组分处理的)的由20个评估者构成的测试组的结果在图1所呈现。结果指出当只用柠檬酸处理时,少于测试组员的一半评价处理的垫为“喜欢的”(剩下部分的组员评价未处理的为“喜欢的”)–的确,测试组员的多数“喜欢”未处理的垫胜过仅用柠檬酸处理的垫。当只用过氧化钙处理时,略微多于测试组员的一半评价处理的垫为“喜欢的”。但是,当评估用二元气味控制系统的两种组分都处理过的样品垫时,在4小时温育后测试组员的86%“喜欢”处理的垫胜过未处理的垫,并且在12小时温育后测试组员的93%“喜欢”处理的垫胜过未处理的垫。
再湿测试
在吸收性物品工业中使用捕获速度和再湿量测试以测量吸收性样品在模拟的使用中的负载和压力条件下的接收和保留流体(通常使用合成尿液)的能力。再湿量,特别地,指到回到吸收性样品表面进入到吸收性滤纸的湿度的量。
采用与在实施例2中描述的步骤相似的步骤,尺寸约4”x4-3/4”和每个重8.45g的矩形的无尘吸收性垫从切割的柠檬酸处理的纤维制造,在生成工艺期间将70C过氧化钙颗粒和Hysorb 8600SAP粒子分布到整个垫中。在每个垫中存在的材料和它们的相对量是53.8%浆粕、44.5%SAP、1.1%过氧化钙和0.7%柠檬酸。将垫放在平的台子上,并且每个由来自Tredegar Film Products的打孔的ADL材料(捕获分布层)所覆盖以生成模拟多层吸收性核心结构的吸收性样品。ADL具有2-7/8”x4”的尺寸。在ADL上面放置高8.3cm具有5.4cm内径的给样环。使用分液漏斗,每个样品加料45mL的0.9%的盐水溶液三次。计算剂量以合乎吸收性样品每质量单位的流体容量。记录每剂量完全进入垫所需的时间(捕获时间)的量。在每次给样后,移走给样环并且将样品放置10分钟,之后将称重的一堆滤纸放在上面且在4.45kg重量下(8.9cm直径)放置3分钟。将滤纸就其重量增加进行再称重以确定从加料的样品回产的流体的量,即再湿量。
尽管不想受理论束缚,据信由测试样品显示的相对地低的再湿量更多是因为ADL、吸收性垫的纤维素基体形式和SAP的存在,而不是气味控制系统组分的存在。
尽管本发明已经参照前述的运作原则和说明性实施例和实施方案而显示和描述,不远离本发明的主旨和范围可以作出各种形式和细节的改变对于本领域的技术人员将是显而易见的。本发明旨在包含落在权利要求的范围内的所有的这样的替代、修饰和变化。

Claims (20)

1.吸收性物品,其包括:
纤维素浆粕结构,其由纤维素纤维基体限定且具有分布在整个所述结构中的流体保留剂,所述纤维素浆粕结构适合于捕获和保留流体;
其中所述纤维素纤维用无机过氧化物和适合于与所述无机过氧化物在含水流体存在下反应以生成过氧化氢的去稳酸处理。
2.权利要求1的吸收性物品,其还包括流体可渗透的顶部片材和流体不可渗透的背部片材;
其中所述纤维素浆粕结构被配置在所述顶部片材和所述背部片材之间。
3.权利要求2的吸收性物品,其中所述纤维素浆粕结构构成了配置在所述顶部片材和所述背部片材之间的吸收性核心的至少一部分。
4.权利要求3的吸收性物品,其中所述吸收性核心包括多个层,所述多个层包括存储层和插入在所述存储层和所述顶部片材之间的且适合于捕获流体并将捕获的流体分配到所述存储层的另外的层;并且
其中至少所述存储层包括所述纤维素浆粕结构。
5.权利要求3的吸收性物品,其中所述纤维素浆粕结构构成了所述吸收性核心的多个层中的每一个的至少一部分,所述多个层包括存储层和插入在所述存储层和所述顶部片材之间的且适合于捕获流体并将捕获的流体分配到所述存储层的另外的层。
6.权利要求2的吸收性物品,其中至少所述顶部片材是疏水的。
7.权利要求1的吸收性物品,其中所述流体保留剂包含超吸收剂。
8.权利要求1的吸收性物品,其中所述无机过氧化物是过氧化钙。
9.权利要求1的吸收性物品,其中所述去稳酸是柠檬酸。
10.权利要求1的吸收性物品,其具有以下中的一种或多种:
按纤维素纤维的重量计,从约1%到约10%的过氧化物含量;和
按纤维素纤维的重量计,从约0.45%到约3%的酸含量。
11.权利要求1的吸收性物品,其中所述物品是选自尿布、成人失禁产品、女性卫生产品和绷带的可抛式吸收性物品。
12.权利要求1的吸收性物品,其显示出以下中的一种或多种:低于约13g的平均再湿量和低于约39g的总再湿量。
13.形成气味控制纤维素浆粕结构的方法,所述方法包括:
通过从纤维素浆粕浆料形成纤维素浆粕片材并且然后从所述纤维素浆粕片材形成纤维素纤维基体而形成纤维素浆粕结构;
在形成所述纤维素浆粕结构时添加无机过氧化物以使按纤维素纤维的重量计,从约1%到约10%的未反应的过氧化物被保留在所述纤维素纤维基体中;
在形成所述纤维素浆粕结构时分开添加去稳酸以使按纤维素纤维的重量计,从约0.45%到约3%的未反应的酸保留在所述纤维素纤维基体中;和
把流体保留剂分布在整个所述纤维素纤维基体中。
14.权利要求13的方法,其中通过把粒子形式的无机过氧化物分布在整个所述纤维素纤维基体中而添加所述无机过氧化物。
15.权利要求13的方法,其中所述无机过氧化物在形成纤维素浆粕片材期间添加。
16.权利要求13的方法,其中通过将含水形式的去稳酸施加到所述纤维素浆粕片材而添加所述去稳酸。
17.权利要求13的方法,其中所述纤维素纤维基体是无尘垫。
18.纤维素浆粕结构,其由纤维素纤维基体限定且具有分布在整个所述结构中的流体保留剂,所述纤维素浆粕结构适合于捕获和保留流体;
其中所述纤维素纤维用无机过氧化物和适合于与所述无机过氧化物在含水流体存在下反应以生成过氧化氢的去稳酸处理。
19.权利要求18的纤维素浆粕结构,其具有以下中的一种或多种:
按纤维素纤维的重量计,从约1%到约10%的过氧化物含量;和
按纤维素纤维的重量计,从约0.45%到约3%的酸含量。
20.权利要求19的纤维素浆粕结构,其中所述无机过氧化物是过氧化钙,所述去稳酸是柠檬酸,并且所述流体保留剂包含超吸收性聚合物。
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