CN104719001B - A kind of method improving Fructus Myricae rubrae ploidy variation plant graft survival rate - Google Patents
A kind of method improving Fructus Myricae rubrae ploidy variation plant graft survival rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN104719001B CN104719001B CN201510134521.0A CN201510134521A CN104719001B CN 104719001 B CN104719001 B CN 104719001B CN 201510134521 A CN201510134521 A CN 201510134521A CN 104719001 B CN104719001 B CN 104719001B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method improving Fructus Myricae rubrae ploidy variation plant graft survival rate, it is respectively to grafting time, scion selects, scion specification, grafting kind, binding method, uncord the time and method has made specific selection and regulation, treated strong fringe is used to carry out grafting, it has carried out considered critical to scion time and specification, can effectively ensure that the growth quality of scion, and disinfection before adopting fringe, pretreatment is carried out with plant growth promoter before grafting, the activity of scion can be promoted, ensure surviving of grafting, and the substep that the later stage uses uncords method and further ensures the survival rate of grafting.To sum up, use the engrafting method of the present invention, survival rate can be promoted at double, reduce reproductive-cost, technical support can be provided for marketing center.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of graft technology of evergreen fruit trees plant genetics and breeding, a kind of method improving Fructus Myricae rubrae ploidy variation plant graft survival rate.
Background technology
The higher plant that there are about 65% in nature is polyploid variety, and the appearance of polyploid variety divides natural variation and two kinds of methods of induced mutations.Wherein the former main promotion Chromosome Numbers affected by a natural and numerical chromosome change, thus promote varied in ploidy.The latter is to take artificial means (including the method such as physics, chemistry) to process to be allowed to chromosome separation restructuring, thus new individuality occurs, and this individuality, with as the former, has the matter the most of the same race of euploid and aneuploid.
The appearance of these kind of matter, creates highly important condition for genetic breeding research.But these kind of matter, objectively needs by clone breed conservation, in order to needed for scientific research, production.And the main and direct effective method of breed conservation is traditional graft technology.Find in practice, the Fructus Myricae rubrae of ploidy variation plant has the marked feature of polyploid, i.e. histoorgan has big property, branch toughness is weak, fragility strong, conducting tissue wound is big, heal the features such as slow, easy pollution, so according to conventional method grafting, its survival rate is less than 20%, and to adopt fringe amount be more than 6 times of conventional material, grafting cost is conventional more than 4 times.
Therefore, for the kind feature of above ploidy variation plant Fructus Myricae rubrae, existing graft technology cannot meet Production requirement, in the urgent need to developing a kind of new graft technology, to realize the efficient breeding of Different Ploidy variation plant Fructus Myricae rubrae, provide technical support for marketing center.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the present invention devises a kind of method improving Fructus Myricae rubrae ploidy variation plant graft survival rate, and it can effectively promote the graft survival rate of this plant, reduces reproductive-cost, can provide technical support for marketing center.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
A kind of method improving Fructus Myricae rubrae ploidy variation plant graft survival rate, it includes following step:
(1), grafting time: mid or late March or mid or late September are carried out then in locality, and basic weather conditions are；Operation the same day temperature range at 15 DEG C-25 DEG C, next day be without in after rain or grafting at least 12 hours without rain；
(2), scion selects: intercept biennial result above stalwartness mother's branch as scion with plan, should in the winter time clear garden time process with the lime sulfur no less than 5 °, then adopt about the previous moon of fringe in plan, process once with antibacterial again, ensure that the anosis cingula of branch enters, and select plant growth promoter that the scion gathered is carried out pretreatment；
(3), scion specification: select long 11-14, the sturdy upright branch of thick more than 1.2, be whittled into long 5.5-7.0, the scion of wide ＞ 1.0 by the even power of grafting knife, cut the high 1.5-2.0 of mouth, be allowed to straight with graft stock and be pasted onto same area；
(4) grafting kind: use cut-grafting to connect with height；Wherein cut-grafting connects with autumn branches, height with intermediate stock；
(5), binding method: identical with the engrafting method of conventional fruit tree, tie up film helical form with nylon and tighten and encase grafting mouth；
(6), time and method are uncorded: grafting observed survival rate after 15 days, if tree table skin brown mostly is dead, reason to be analyzed is mended in time and connect to this；Uncord and should carry out step by step, waited at about 2 months of grafting scion to grow sprouting when withstanding nylon film, scratch with point of a knife in time and be allowed to straight to outgrowth；Uncording after half a year, whole uncording is carried out in two times, after untiing for the first time comprehensively again pine be one layer with the toughness cultivating protection grafting mouth, the lignifying intensity of increase grafting mouth；Second time should remove the nylon film of wrapping by all solutions behind 9 months of grafting；
Described plant growth promoter is one or both or three kinds of mixed liquors in the 6-BA of the NAA of GA3,0.5～0.7mg/L, 0.4～the 0.6mg/L of 0.5～0.7mg/L.
Further, above-mentioned adopt fringe plant growth promoter to carry out time of pretreatment being 24-36 hour, erecting and pick up dipped night intending about 50 a bundles of one end branch of grafting during process, immersion is highly for planning grafting mouth one end 8-12；To adopt fringe process the morning, the next afternoon starts grafting.
Further, the fertilising medication in above-mentioned grafting growth course: to the plant after grafting after 2 months with compound fertilizer's solution add Borax, zinc sulfate mixed liquor carries out foliage applying；Pest and disease damage management method the most routinely is carried out, accomplishes based on Biological control；Chemistry administration time should start to mid-October in mid-May, during the morning 9 of fine day cloudy weather to be selected before complete or during afternoon 4 after start to spray medicine, have continuous 2 without rain day.
The inventive method has carried out considered critical to scion time and specification, to ensure the growth quality of scion, and disinfection before adopting fringe, pretreatment is carried out with plant growth promoter before grafting, the activity of scion is promoted with this, ensure surviving of grafting, and the substep that the later stage uses uncords method and further ensures the survival rate of grafting.
Detailed description of the invention
A kind of method improving Fructus Myricae rubrae ploidy variation plant graft survival rate, first have to the variation attribute of clear and definite graft material, conscientiously to examine material at cutting orchard, to determine engrafting method after clear and definite grafting Properties of Objects feature, tree vigo(u)r to be regarded, shoot mass determine adopts fringe time, quantity.
1, whole grafting step mainly follows following step:
(1) grafting time: as a example by the weather of Zhejiang, preferably carries out at mid or late March then and mid or late September, but is advisable with the former.Operation the same day temperature range at 15 DEG C-25 DEG C, next day be without in after rain or grafting at least 12 hours without rain.
(2) scion selects: the process of scion pre-treatment to be had.Biennial result above stalwartness branch is intercepted as scion with plan, to this must in the winter time clear garden time process with the lime sulfur no less than 5 °, then adopt about the previous moon of fringe in plan, then process once with antibacterial (suiting the remedy to the case depending on antibacterial and fungus), it is ensured that branch is anosis, and cingula enters.The scion obtained selects one or both or three kinds of mixed liquors in the plant growth promoter such as 6-BA of the NAA of GA3,0.5～0.7mg/L, 0.4～the 0.6mg/L of 0.5～0.7mg/L to carry out pretreatment to adopting fringe, time is 24-36 hour, erecting with 50 a bundles of one end branch of plan grafting during process and pick up dipped night, immersion is highly for plan grafting mouth one end 8-12.Typically to adopt fringe process the morning, the next afternoon starts grafting and is advisable, and what grafting amount was big wants batch processing, the effective percentage processed with guarantee.
(3) scion specification: select long 11-14, the sturdy upright branch of thick more than 1.2, be whittled into long 5.5-7.0, wide ＞ 1.0 by the even power of grafting knife, cut the scion of the high 1.5-2.0 of mouth, be allowed to be flattened on same area with graft stock.
(4) grafting kind: it is main that cut-grafting and height connect, and does not advocate side grafting.Wherein cut-grafting is based on autumn branches, and height connects based on intermediate stock.
(5) binding method: identical with the engrafting method of conventional fruit tree, all ties up film helical form with nylon and tightens and encase grafting mouth.
(6) uncording time and method: grafting observed survival rate after 15 days, if tree table skin brown mostly is dead, to this, reason to be analyzed is mended in time and is connect.
Uncording and should carry out step by step, the about scion in about 2 months in grafting grow when sprouting withstands nylon film and should scratch and be allowed to straight to outgrowth by timely point of a knife；Uncording the most after six months, whole uncording is carried out in two times, after untiing for the first time comprehensively again pine be one layer with the toughness cultivating protection grafting mouth, the lignifying intensity of increase grafting mouth.Second time should be put behind 9 months of grafting and can be removed the nylon film wrapped up by all solutions.
In the grafting growth course of above plant, the fertilising medication of necessity need to be carried out.
To the plant after grafting after 2 months with compound fertilizer's solution add Borax, zinc sulfate mixed liquor carries out foliage-spray.Pest and disease damage management method the most routinely is carried out, accomplishes based on Biological control.Chemistry administration time should start to mid-October in mid-May, during the morning 9 of fine day cloudy weather to be selected before complete or during afternoon 4 after start to spray medicine, have continuous 2 without rain day.
It is below the survival rate comparison sheet of different disposal graft technology:
To sum up, a kind of method improving Fructus Myricae rubrae ploidy variation plant graft survival rate of present invention design, treated strong fringe is used to carry out grafting, it has carried out considered critical to scion time and specification, can effectively ensure that the growth quality of scion, and disinfection before adopting fringe, pretreatment is carried out with plant growth promoter before grafting, the activity of scion can be promoted, it is ensured that surviving of grafting, and the substep that the later stage uses uncords method and further ensures the survival rate of grafting.
The engrafting method of present invention design, can effectively promote the graft survival rate of ploidy variation Fructus Myricae rubrae plant, reduce reproductive-cost, can be that marketing center provides technical support.
Claims (3)
1. the method improving Fructus Myricae rubrae ploidy variation plant graft survival rate, it is characterised in that: include following step:
(1), grafting time: carry out at mid or late March then or mid or late September；Operation temperature range on the same day is at 15 DEG C-25 DEG C, without rain at least 12 hours after grafting；
(2), scion selects: intercept biennial result above stalwartness mother's branch as scion with plan, should in the winter time clear garden time process with the lime sulfur no less than 5 °, then adopt about the previous moon of fringe in plan, process once with antibacterial again, ensure that the anosis cingula of branch enters, and select plant growth promoter that the scion gathered is carried out pretreatment；
(3), scion specification: select long 11-14, the sturdy upright branch of thick more than 1.2, be whittled into long 5.5-7.0, wide ＞ 1.0 by the even power of grafting knife, cut the scion of the high 1.5-2.0 of mouth, be allowed to straight with graft stock and be pasted onto same area；
(4) grafting kind: use cut-grafting to connect with height；Wherein cut-grafting is with autumn branches, and height connects with intermediate stock grafting；
(5), binding method: identical with the engrafting method of conventional fruit tree, tie up film helical form with nylon and tighten and encase grafting mouth；
(6), time and method are uncorded: grafting observed survival rate after 15 days, if tree table skin brown mostly is dead, reason to be analyzed is mended in time and connect to this；Uncord and should carry out step by step, waited at about 2 months of grafting scion to grow sprouting when withstanding nylon film, scratch with point of a knife in time and be allowed to straight to outgrowth；Uncording after half a year, whole uncording is carried out in two times, after untiing for the first time comprehensively again pine be one layer with the toughness cultivating protection grafting mouth, the lignifying intensity of increase grafting mouth；Second time should remove the nylon film of wrapping by all solutions behind 9 months of grafting；
Described plant growth promoter is one or both or three kinds of mixed liquors in the 6-BA of the NAA of GA3,0.5～0.7mg/L, 0.4～the 0.6mg/L of 0.5～0.7mg/L.
A kind of method improving Fructus Myricae rubrae ploidy variation plant graft survival rate the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: it is 24-36 hour that the scion plant growth promoter of described collection carries out the time of pretreatment, erecting with about 50 a bundles of one end branch of plan grafting during process and pick up dipped night, immersion is highly for plan grafting mouth one end 8-12；To adopt fringe process the morning, the next afternoon starts grafting.
A kind of method improving Fructus Myricae rubrae ploidy variation plant graft survival rate the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: to the plant after grafting after 2 months with compound fertilizer's solution add Borax, zinc sulfate mixed liquor carries out foliage applying；Pest and disease damage management method the most routinely is carried out, accomplishes based on Biological control；Chemistry administration time should start to mid-October in mid-May, during the morning 9 of fine day cloudy weather to be selected before complete or during afternoon 4 after start to spray medicine, have continuous 2 without rain day.
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| CN109362374A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-02-22 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | A method of improving color red poplar autumnbudding survival rate |
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| CN102696405A (en) * | 2012-06-04 | 2012-10-03 | 柴春燕 | Grafting method for myrica rubra Dongkui and candleberry |
| CN103733939A (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2014-04-23 | 湖南省南岳树木园 | Method for increasing waxberry grafting survival rate |
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