CN104718936A

CN104718936A - Method for prolonging winter (semiwinterness) wheat flowering period

Info

Publication number: CN104718936A
Application number: CN201510086802.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 耿爱民; 武利峰; 刘渤; 吴艳芳
Original assignee: Accessories During Binzhou Crop Investigations Institute
Current assignee: Accessories During Binzhou Crop Investigations Institute
Priority date: 2015-02-25
Filing date: 2015-02-25
Publication date: 2015-06-24
Anticipated expiration: 2035-02-25
Also published as: CN104718936B

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for prolonging a winter (semiwinterness) wheat flowering period. During the 35 to 40 days of the favorable seeding time from December to the beginning of January of next year, winter (semiwinterness) wheat cultivars are planted in the north-south row direction at low positions in an east-west directional winter-warm plastic greenhouse, the row direction is perpendicular to the low edges of the greenhouse; starting at the low edges of the plastic greenhouse, the length of the row direction ranges from 1.0 meter to 1.5 meters, by using the influence on the temperature of the positions close to the inside of the greenhouse by the low temperature outside the winter greenhouse, and by using the temperature difference generated by the distance from the edges of the greenhouse, the vernalization passing time for wheat plants located at different positions is different, the time for heading and flowering of the wheat plants is different, and the heading to flowering period of the plants of the same cultivar which is planted at different positions in the same row can be prolonged for up to one month at most. Due to the fact that the heading to flowering period of the plants of the same cultivar which is planted at different positions in the same row can be prolonged for more than one month, flowering asynchronous cultivars can crossbreed with each other to achieve the flowering synchronization, and normal crossbreeding is achieved, and the utilizing range for wheat cross parents is effectively enlarged.

Description

A kind of method extending winter (semiwinterness) flowering stage of wheat

Technical field

The present invention relates to wheat breeding hybridization technique field, be specifically related to a kind of method extending winter (semiwinterness) flowering stage of wheat.

Background technology

Under normal circumstances, the duration in flowering stage of a winter wheat variety, single fringe lasts 2 ~ 3 days, and monoblock wheatland lasts 5 ~ 7 days.Limited to elongation kind regulating power in flowering stage for sowing time by adjustment, be no more than 2 ~ 3 days generally at most; Control water can promote Blooming, and Wintering Period plastic mulching can promote Blooming, lift-augmented mechanism and water to postpone and bloom, but all these are also no more than 10 days to the comprehensive adjustment effect maximum extension phase in flowering stage.Wheat jointing post legged falls wheat seeding (or cutting off stem and large tiller) and promotes little tiller Cheng Sui, and also can extend flowering stage, but its anther development is poor, fecundity is bad, and longer blooming period also only has 7 ~ 10 days.

Summarize and regulate the main method of flowering stage of wheat to have above-mentioned four kinds at present: method one, by regulating sowing time; Method two, by controlling moisture (appropriateness arid); Method three, Wintering Period plastic mulching; Method four, cuts off or steps on down wheat seeding, utilizes little Tiller ears.The comprehensive prolongation effect of these methods to flowering regulation is maximum is no more than 10 days, different cultivars intermolecular hybrid, especially when some the external Soybean germplasm introduction material utilizing Growth habit difference large is hybridized, usually because flowering asynchronism causes many materials containing excellent character gene cannot do parent's utilization.Therefore the short-cut method meaning that invention one significantly can extend (elongation) kind flowering stage is very great.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention, be exactly for the deficiency existing for above prior art, and propose a kind of method extending winter habit (semiwinterness) flowering stage of wheat, same kind can be made to sow and to extend a wheat harvesting period at its full heading time of plant of colleague's diverse location, the intervarietal cross of many flowering asynchronisms is made to become flower synchronization, and energy normal hybridisation, what effectively expand wheat hybridizing parent utilizes scope.

In order to reach above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

Early January in December to next year, in the Suitable Sowing Period of 35-40 days, the short place of plastic tunnel is warmed up in the East and West direction winter, north and south row is to sowing winter habit (or semiwinterness) wheat breed, row is to vertical with the short edge of booth, from the short edge of plastic tunnel, long 1.0 ~ 1.5 meters of row, utilize the outer low temperature of booth in winter on the impact of temperature nearby in canopy, by the temperature contrast produced from canopy back gauge, make the wheat plant being in diverse location different by the time of vernalization, make it ear, bloom sooner or later different, the sowing of same kind extends nearly one month its full heading time of plant of colleague's diverse location is maximum.

Current China's winter warm type plastic tunnel various places have, and booth eminence can plant the vegetables such as the higher cucumber of price, tomato, and its not convenient use in short place can only plant cheap vegetables with green leaves etc. usually.We arrange plantation wheat with it, so as to extending flowering stage of wheat, carrying out wheat hybridizing and utilize just right.To temp. and humidity etc. without the need to special management and control.Normally take straw mat, sunset protecgulum straw mat after sunrise off, noon carries out ceiling ventilation when temperature is more than 30 DEG C, and late March no longer needs to take off lid straw mat night, takes canopy film gradually off after the Ching Ming Festival.

Winter warm type plastic tunnel short place's sowing winter wheat, row direction is vertical with booth limit.Make all temperature be subject at the individual plants of colleague's diverse location of product variant, the full heading time gap at the kind colleague two ends that winter habit is stronger is larger.First ear close to the short place on horticultural covering film limit in colleague and bloom, bloom after far-end, although it blooms sooner or later variant between different cultivars, but same kind sowing can fully extend at its full heading time of plant of colleague's diverse location, some kind length is maximum extends to a wheat harvesting period, make other kinds always have the individual plant with its flower synchronization, parent's utilization can be done.This method makes the intervarietal cross of many flowering asynchronisms become flower synchronization, and energy normal hybridisation, what effectively expand wheat hybridizing parent utilizes scope.

Winter wheat is sowed in spring, and also can extend flowering stage, but because winter wheat is sowed in spring, very late, after pollination of blooming, high temperature is forced ripe, even if can accomplish different cultivars flower synchronization, can not gather in the crops normal hybrid seed in heading.Therefore, winter wheat is sowed in spring and can accomplish to extend flowering dates, but can not be the normal utilizations such as wheat hybridizing.This method just uses the not convenient short position of winter warm type plastic tunnel, do not need other any extra process to the crops such as seed itself, easily can realize the flower synchronization of winter wheat different cultivars, and the wheat of the environmental condition of its wheat flower, filling stage and land for growing field crops proper seeding basic same period, improve hybrid strain and utilize scope, simple and easy to do, effective, improve efficiency and the effect of the breeding of winter habit (semiwinterness) wheat hybridizing.

embodiment:

In order to make technical scheme of the present invention clearly understand, with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated below.

embodiment 1:autumn in 2008, we were from all parts of the country introduction wheat germplasm 98 parts, warmed up plastic tunnel short place plantation December 6 in the East and West direction winter, and north and south row is to sowing, and long 1.5 meters of row, line-spacing 25 centimetres, every kind sows 1 row.Its situation of blooming of earing is as follows: heading kind Zheng 5(in March 9023 the earliest), heading kind Italy No. 9 souths May 5 (the North could not eared by vernalization) the latest.Enumerate wherein 3 kinds heading to bloom situation:

No. 22, semiwinterness kind Jimai: near the plant heading on April 22 southernmost of canopy film, begin for 28th to bloom, row the North 1.2 meters is sentenced the heading on May 6 of northern plant, begun for 10th to bloom, end of blooming May 16.

The winter variety capital winter No. 8: near the plant heading on April 28 southernmost of canopy film, May 3 began to bloom, row the North 1.2 meters is sentenced the heading on May 20 of northern plant, bloomed for 30th.

No. 9, winter variety Italy: near the plant heading on May 1 southernmost of canopy film, May 5 began to bloom, row middle part plant also had plant heading to May 29,1.0 meters again to the north of plant then could not do not eared by vernalization and bloom.Plant and the plant flower synchronization of No. 9, Italy nearly canopy film south section of Jimai No. 22 central and north, hybridize.This does not accomplish under the environment of land for growing field crops.

The dozens of kind such as Shandong Province's wheat high fertile preliminary experiment that the same year, winter warm type big shack was planted outward heading stage is concentrate between 3 ~ 8 days the first tenday period of a month in May.No. 22, Jimai land for growing field crops heading stage is May 4, and No. 9, land for growing field crops Italy is May 20.

embodiment 2:on January 8th, 2014, warm up the short place of plastic tunnel in the East and West direction winter, north and south row is to sowing the various places material 56 parts introduced then, and long 1.2 meters of row, every kind sows 2 row, line-spacing 25 centimetres.Enumerate the heading of 3 kinds to bloom situation:

Semiwinterness kind Shandong former 502: the plant heading on April 23 southernmost of close canopy film, beginning on the 27th bloom, and the heading on May 10 of row the North 1.2 meters of plant, beginning on the 12nd bloom, end of blooming May 16.

Half the winter inclined spring varieties Zheng wheat 366: near the plant heading on April 19 southernmost of canopy film, within 23rd, begin to bloom, the heading on April 27 of row the North 1.2 meters of plant, beginning May 2 bloom, end of blooming May 6.

Winter variety Germany draws No. 1: near the plant heading on May 1 southernmost of canopy film, May 6 began to bloom, row middle-end was eared successively May 23, could not eared by vernalization in the North 1.2 meters of.

The most of wheat breed late April heading in land for growing field crops in the same year, principal item concentrates on 23 ~ 27, heading mid-May of indivedual late variety material.

Claims

1. one kind extends the method for winter (semiwinterness) flowering stage of wheat, it is characterized in that step is as follows: early January in December to next year, the short place of plastic tunnel is warmed up in the East and West direction winter, north and south row is to sowing winter habit (or semiwinterness) wheat breed, row is to vertical with the short edge of booth, utilize the outer low temperature of booth in winter on the impact of temperature nearby in canopy, by the temperature contrast produced from canopy back gauge, make the wheat plant being in diverse location different by the time of vernalization, make it ear, bloom sooner or later different, same kind sowing extends a wheat harvesting period at its full heading time of plant of colleague's diverse location.

2. one according to claim 1 extends the method for winter (semiwinterness) flowering stage of wheat, it is characterized in that: wheat planting, from the short edge of plastic tunnel, goes long 1.0 ~ 1.5 meters.

3. one according to claim 1 extends the method for winter (semiwinterness) flowering stage of wheat, it is characterized in that: sowing date is early January in December to next year, in period 35-40 days of Suitable Sowing Period.

4. one according to claim 1 extends the method for winter (semiwinterness) flowering stage of wheat, it is characterized in that: utilize the greenhouse of planting vegetable to be not easy to the short position sowing wheat utilized, straw mat, sunset protecgulum straw mat is taken off after whole sunrise in winter, by ceiling venting practice by high-temperature control in canopy at about 30 DEG C, with spring temperature rise 15-20 degree, strengthen ceiling ventilating surface, extend ventilation time, after the Ching Ming Festival, progressively take winter warm type big shack canopy film off.