CN104708890B - 接合组件的系统和方法 - Google Patents

接合组件的系统和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104708890B
CN104708890B CN201410784386.XA CN201410784386A CN104708890B CN 104708890 B CN104708890 B CN 104708890B CN 201410784386 A CN201410784386 A CN 201410784386A CN 104708890 B CN104708890 B CN 104708890B
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thermoplastic
component
assembly
profile
thermoplastic film
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CN104708890A (zh
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C·R·布莱比尔
J·R·福克斯
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Boeing Co
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Boeing Co
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    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/15Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer being manufactured and immediately laminated before reaching its stable state, e.g. in which a layer is extruded and laminated while in semi-molten state
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/481Non-reactive adhesives, e.g. physically hardening adhesives
    • B29C65/4815Hot melt adhesives, e.g. thermoplastic adhesives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5007Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like
    • B29C65/5021Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like being multi-layered
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/5057Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like positioned between the surfaces to be joined
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/434Joining substantially flat articles for forming corner connections, fork connections or cross connections
    • B29C66/4344Joining substantially flat articles for forming fork connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces
    • B29C66/43441Joining substantially flat articles for forming fork connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces with two right angles, e.g. for making T-shaped pieces, H-shaped pieces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/47Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/474Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/524Joining profiled elements
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
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    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
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    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
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    • B29C66/814General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81455General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps being a fluid inflatable bag or bladder, a diaphragm or a vacuum bag for applying isostatic pressure
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    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/824Actuating mechanisms
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    • B29C66/83General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
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    • B29C66/8322Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B29C66/83221Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis cooperating reciprocating tools, each tool reciprocating along one axis
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91411Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor

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  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
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  • Adhesive Tapes (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及接合组件的系统和方法,公开了一种形成结构组装件的方法,其可以包含提供将被接合到一起的第一组件和第二组件。该方法可以另外地包含扫描第一组件的第一配合表面的轮廓并且扫描第二组件的第二配合表面的轮廓。该方法可以进一步包含生产具有基本匹配第一配合表面和第二配合表面的轮廓的相对的第一和第二元件表面的热塑性元件。

Description

接合组件的系统和方法
背景技术
复合材料和组件以不断增长的数量被用于广泛的应用领域。例如,由于复合材料的良好的机械属性,商用飞行器把日益增长数量的复合材料合并到主要结构和次要结构。这种良好的机械属性可以允许减少重量并且增加飞行器的有效载荷能力和燃料效率。此外,复合材料的使用可以延长飞行器的使用寿命。
通过使用若干技术,层叠的复合组件可以被接合在一起。例如,通过使用机械紧固件,复合组件可以被接合,所述机械紧固件可以要求通过使用专用的钻头在组件中钻出紧固件孔。在钻出紧固件孔之后,拆卸复合组件可以被要求,以便允许去除毛刺和/或检查每个紧固件孔,之后再装配复合组件。机械紧固件可以被安装在紧固件孔内,并且紧固件可以被拧紧到预定的扭矩值。正如可以意识到的,使用机械紧固件接合复合组件可以要求多个步骤,进而导致耗时和劳动密集的处理。
通过使用粘合剂将组件粘合到一起,复合组件也可以在没有机械紧固件的情况下被接合到一起。粘合剂可以被施加在复合组件的配合表面之间以形成接合点。接合点具有接合层厚度,所述接合层厚度理想地相对薄以使沿接合点的边缘的应力集中最小,并且提高接合点的剪切强度和拉伸强度。偶尔地,一个或者两个复合组件的配合表面可以具有导致接合点中的间隙的不匹配的轮廓。
填充复合组件的配合表面之间的间隙的现有技术的方法可以包含在配合表面之间施加额外的粘合剂材料,并且允许粘合剂在接合过程期间流入间隙。但是,额外的粘合剂材料可以增加可以不期望地影响接合点的强度属性的接合层厚度。在填充间隙的另一种途径中,专用工具可以被开发,以便在接合点上施加高压缩力,以便推除(push out)配合表面之间的间隙。然而,专用工具可以增加总体制造成本。此外,专用工具施加的高压缩力可以引起复合组件中的不期望的应力。
正如可以看到的,在本技术领域内存在对用于接合复合组件的系统和方法的需要,该系统和方法接纳复合组件的配合表面的轮廓的变化,同时使接合层厚度最小。
本申请涉及在2012年12月4日提交的名为JOINING COMPOSITE COMPONENTS USINGLOW TEMPERATURE THERMOPLASTIC FILM FUSION(使用低温热塑性薄膜熔合物接合复合组件)的美国申请序列号为13/693958的专利申请。
发明内容
上文提到的与接合复合组件相关的需要被提供形成结构组装件的方法的本公开专门解决。在一个实施例中,该方法可以包含提供被接合在一起的第一组件和第二组件。该方法可以额外地包含扫描第一组件的第一配合表面的轮廓并且扫描第二组件的第二配合表面的轮廓。该方法可以进一步包含生产具有相对的第一和第二元件表面的热塑性元件,所述相对的第一和第二元件表面基本上匹配相应的第一和第二配合表面的轮廓。
在又一实施例中,公开了接合组件的方法,该方法包含提供具有被施加到第一配合表面的第一热塑性薄膜的第一组件。该方法也可包含提供具有被施加到第二配合表面的第二热塑性薄膜的第二组件。该方法可以包含扫描第一热塑性薄膜和第二热塑性薄膜以确定其轮廓。该方法可以额外地包含从与第一热塑性薄膜和/或第二热塑性薄膜基本上相似的材料中生产热塑性板。热塑性板可以具有分别匹配第一配合表面和第二配合表面的轮廓的第一板表面和第二板表面。该方法可以进一步包含装配第一组件和第二组件,使得热塑性板夹在其中间,并且施加热和压实压力到热塑性板、第一热塑性薄膜和/或第二热塑性薄膜。该方法也可以包含将热塑性板、第一热塑性薄膜以及第二热塑性薄膜熔合在一起,从而将第一组件接合到第二组件以形成结构组装件。
本发明同样公开了接合组件的方法,该方法包含提供具有第一热塑性薄膜的第一组件。第一配合表面可以包含第一半径表面。该方法也可以包含提供具有第二热塑性薄膜的第二组件。第一配合表面可以包含第一半径表面。该方法可以进一步包含生产具有基本上匹配第一半径表面和第二配合表面的各自轮廓的半径填充物侧表面和半径填充物基座表面的热塑性半径填充物。该方法可以额外地包含装配第一组件、第二组件以及热塑性半径填充物,并且施加热和压实压力到热塑性半径填充物、第一热塑性薄膜和/或第二热塑性薄膜。施加热和/或压实压力可以使得将第一热塑性薄膜、第二热塑性薄膜和/或热塑性半径填充物熔合到一起,以便将第一组件接合到第二组件以形成结构组装件。
已经被论述的特征、功能以及优点能够被独立地实现在本公开的不同实施例中,或者可以被结合在其他的实施例中,参考以下说明书和附图,更多细节能够被获知。
附图说明
通过参考附图,本公开的这些和其他特征将变得更加显然,其中相同的标记遍历附图指代相同的零件,其中:
图1是结构组装件的框图的图示,所述结构组装件包含通过具有元件表面的热塑性元件被接合到第二组件的第一组件,所述元件表面的轮廓可以基本匹配第一组件和第二组件的各自配合表面的轮廓;
图2是结构组装件的示例的透视图,所述结构组装件被配置为具有蒙皮和多个L形加强件的硬化面板,所述多个L形加强件中的每个可以在本文公开的低熔化热塑性接合过程中使用一个或多个热塑性元件被接合到蒙皮;
图3是使用热塑性元件接合到蒙皮的加强件的剖面图;
图4A-4H是可以发生在第一组件(如,加强件)的轮廓和第二组件(如,蒙皮)的轮廓之间的不同类型的不匹配的非限制性示例;
图5是说明了可以被包含在接合组件的方法中的一个或多个操作的流程图;
图6是一堆复合板层和热塑性薄膜在被共同固结以形成第二组件的示例之前的分解侧视图;
图7是在施加固结压力和热以使第二组件形成为层叠的复合蒙皮期间装配成堆的板层和热塑性薄膜的侧视图;
图8是扫描第二组件的热塑性薄膜的扫描仪的透视图;
图9是在共同固结以形成第一组件的示例之前一堆热塑性预浸料板层(或者一堆热固性预浸料板层)和热塑性薄膜的分解侧视图;
图10是在施加固结压力和热以使第一组件形成为层状复合L形加强件期间装配成堆的热塑性预浸料板层和热塑性薄膜的侧视图;
图11是扫描第一组件的热塑性薄膜的扫描仪的透视图;
图12是被配置为热塑性板的热塑性元件的透视图,所述热塑性板由相对的板表面形成,所述板表面的轮廓可以基本匹配分别在第一组件和第二组件上的第一热塑性薄膜和第二热塑性薄膜的轮廓;
图13是第一组件和第二组件与被定位在两者之间的热塑性板的分解侧视图;
图14是在附加的制造过程中被直接制造在第二组件的热塑性薄膜上的热塑性板的透视图;
图15是第一组件和第二组件与被定位在两者之间的热塑性板的分解侧视图;
图16是施加热和压力以便将热塑性板、第一热塑性薄膜以及第二热塑性薄膜熔合在一起并且形成热塑性接合点以将第一组件接合到第二组件的侧视图;
图17是显示了接合第一组件和第二组件的热塑性接合点的一体形成的结构组装件的侧视图;
图18是扫描第一组件的第一半径表面的扫描仪的透视图;
图19是扫描覆盖第一半径表面的热塑性薄膜的扫描仪的透视图;
图20是基于通过扫描第一半径表面生成的轮廓数据的半径填充物的计算机模型的透视图;
图21是被配置为热塑性半径填充物的热塑性元件的透视图,并且其中热塑性半径填充物被附加地制造在第二组件的第二热塑性薄膜上;
图22是与第二组件装配的第一组件的分解侧视图,并且两者之间定位有热塑性半径填充物;
图23是显示了与接合第一组件和第二组件的热塑性薄膜熔合的热塑性半径填充物的一体形成的结构组装件的侧视图;
图24是被一体形成为单个结构的热塑性半径填充物和热塑性板的透视图;
图25是被定位在第一组件和第二组件之间的一体形成的热塑性半径填充物和热塑性板的分解侧视图的侧视图;
图26是包含具有热塑性半径填充物并且将背靠背的L形加强件接合到蒙皮的热塑性接合点的一体形成的结构组装件的侧视图;
图27是包含具有半径填充物并且将Z形加强件接合到蒙皮的热塑性接合点的一体形成的结构组装件的侧视图;以及
图28是包含具有一对半径填充物并且将帽形加强件接合到蒙皮的热塑性接合点的一体形成的结构组装件的侧视图。
具体实施方式
现在参考附图,其中所显示的内容是出于说明本公开的优选且不同的实施例的目的,图1中显示的是包含使用热塑性元件500接合到第二组件400的第一组件300的结构组装件100的框图。在一个实施例中,热塑性元件500可以被配置为热塑性板506(图12)。在其他实施例中,热塑性元件500可以被配置为如下所述的热塑性半径填充物512(图20),或者热塑性元件500可以被配置为形成为单个结构518(图24)的热塑性板506/热塑性半径填充物512的组合。
在一些示例中,热塑性板506(图12)可以包含相对的板表面508、510。板表面508、510中的至少一个的轮廓可以形成为基本匹配第一组件300和/或第二组件400的轮廓。例如,热塑性板506可以包含轮廓形成为基本匹配第一热塑性薄膜306(图9-11)的轮廓的第一板表面508(图12),所述第一热塑性薄膜306可以由第一组件300提供。第一热塑性薄膜306可以是可以在将第一组件300接合到第二组件400之前被施加到第一组件300的第一配合表面302(图9)的相当薄的薄膜。例如,第一热塑性薄膜306可以被直接施加到第一组件300的第一配合表面302并且可以与一个或多个复合板层202(图9)共同固结或共同固化以形成层叠的复合第一组件300。
在本申请中,复合组件(例如,第一组件300,第二组件400等等)可以被描述为由纤维增强的聚合物基体材料形成的组件。在一些示例中,复合组件可以包含被嵌入在基体材料内的基本连续的纤维。纤维可以各种布置(例如,单向纤维、双向纤维或者其他纤维布置)中的任一种被提供。在另一示例中,纤维可以是非连续纤维,例如被布置在任意取向(例如,随机取向)内的短纤维或者切碎的纤维。在其他实施例中,第一和/或第二组件300、400可以被提供为具有复合层和非复合层(如,金属层、陶瓷层)以形成纤维金属层压板的混合复合层压板(未显示)。例如,第一和/或第二组件300、400可以被提供为具有可替换的玻璃纤维层和金属层的纤维金属层压板。在一些示例中,第一和/或第二组件300、400可以由非复合材料形成,例如金属材料、陶瓷材料和/或其他的非复合材料或者其组合。在使用例如热塑性板506的热塑性元件500接合第一和第二组件300、400之前,热塑性薄膜306、406可以被施加到非复合的第一组件300的配合表面和/或被施加到非复合的第二组件400的配合表面。
第一热塑性薄膜306可以相当薄,以至于当第一热塑性薄膜306被施加到第一组件300的第一配合表面302时,第一配合表面302的轮廓可以被转移到第一热塑性薄膜306的外表面或者被复制在第一热塑性薄膜306的外表面内。第二热塑性薄膜406(图6-8)也可以是被施加到第二组件400的第二配合表面402的相当薄的薄膜,以至于第二配合表面402的轮廓可以被转移到第二热塑性薄膜406的外表面或者被复制在第二热塑性薄膜406的外表面内。热塑性板506可以包含轮廓形成为匹配第二热塑性薄膜406的轮廓的第二板表面,所述第二热塑性薄膜406可以由第二组件400提供。
通过施加热以使热塑性元件500、第一热塑性薄膜306以及第二热塑性薄膜406熔化并且熔合在一起,热塑性元件500可以在低熔化热塑性薄膜接合过程中促进第一组件300与第二组件400的接合。在第一和/或第二组件300、400由例如热塑性材料的复合材料204构成的一些示例中,可以用将第一和/或第二组件300、400的温度限制在复合材料204的熔化温度以下的方式施加热量。维持第一和/或第二组件300、400的温度在熔化温度以下可以避免预先固结的复合组件的不期望的软化和/或再次熔化。用这种方式,可以维持预先固结的复合组件的形状和完整度。尽管本公开在使用热塑性元件500接合两个(2)组件(如,接合第一组件300到第二组件400)的背景中描述,但是本文公开的方法可以包含使用一个或多个热塑性元件500来接合任何数量的组件。
在第一组件300与第二组件400的接合过程期间,压实压力524(见图16)可以被施加到热塑性元件500和/或第一和/或第二热塑性薄膜306、406。压实压力524可以在第一组件300与第二组件400的接合过程期间向热塑性板506、热塑性薄膜306、406和/或组件300、400施加热量的过程中被施加。压实压力524也可以在热塑性元件500、热塑性薄膜306、406和/或组件300、400的冷却过程中被施加。在热塑性元件500被配置为热塑性板506的实施例中,热塑性板506与第一和第二热塑性薄膜306、406熔合在一起可以引起将第一组件300接合到第二组件400的熔合的热塑性接合点112(图17)。
如上所述,在接合组件300、400之前,热塑性元件500可以由元件表面502、504(图12)构成或提供,所述元件表面502、504的轮廓形成为匹配第一组件300和第二组件400的轮廓。例如,在热塑性元件500被配置为热塑性板506(图12)的情况下,热塑性板506可以包含板表面,该板表面可以用容纳第一组件300的配合表面302和第二组件400的配合表面402的轮廓之间的变化和/或不匹配的方式形成轮廓。在这方面,热塑性板506可以容纳在第一和第二组件300、400之间的热塑性接合点112中不同位置处的接合层厚度114(图3)的变化,并且可以进而减少或避免第一和第二组件300、400之间的热塑性接合点112中空隙或间隙(未显示)的发生。在这方面,在低熔化的热塑性薄膜接合过程中使用一个或多个热塑性元件500可以引起热塑性接合点112的强度的提高。例如,使用一个或多个热塑性板506以将第一组件300接合到第二组件400可以引起热塑性接合点112的剪切强度和/或拉伸强度的提高。由于减少或避免了在热塑性接合点112中的间隙,因此在低熔化的热塑性薄膜接合过程中使用一个或多个热塑性元件500也可以提高热塑性接合点112的耐久性和能量吸收能力。
图2中显示的是被配置为面板102的结构组装件100的示例。面板102可以包含可具有用于强化或者硬化蒙皮104的子结构的蒙皮104。子结构可以包含在低熔化的热塑性接合过程中使用一个或多个热塑性板506接合到蒙皮104(如,第二组件400)的多个加强件106(如,多个第一组件300)。每一个加强件106被显示为具有L形横截面,所述L形横截面包含腹板110和从腹板110向外延伸的法兰108。但是,加强件106可以被提供为各种不同横截面形状中的任一种并且不局限于L形横截面。蒙皮104和加强件106中的每个可以由复合材料204(例如纤维加强的热塑性材料和/或纤维加强的热固性材料)形成。但是,如上指示的,本公开的接合过程可以被实施为接合由任何类型的材料(但不作为限制)形成的组件,并且不局限于接合由复合材料形成的组件。此外,接合过程可以被实施为接合具有任何尺寸、形状以及配置的组件(但不作为限制),并且不局限于接合如图2中显示的蒙皮104和加强件106。
图3中显示的是被接合到一部分蒙皮104的加强件106中的一个加强件的横截面图。加强件106(如,第一组件300)的法兰108可以包含第一配合表面302。蒙皮104(如,第二组件400)可以包含第二配合表面402,该第二配合表面402可以在本文公开的接合过程中使用热塑性板506在热塑性接合点112处接合到第一配合表面302。热塑性板506可以容纳在第一组件300和第二组件400之间的热塑性接合点112中的不同位置处的接合层厚度114的实际变化。此外,在第一组件300和第二组件400之间使用低熔化的热塑性材料的热塑性板506可以填充接合层中的间隙,并且可以引起相当小的总接合层厚度114。例如,在本文公开的接合过程中使用热塑性板506可以引起大约为0.001到0.010英寸或者更大的接合层厚度114。相当薄的接合层厚度114可以减少在热塑性接合点112的转角处的应力集中,这可以提高热塑性接合点112的强度。
图4A-4H说明了可以发生在第一组件300的轮廓和第二组件400的轮廓之间的不同类型的不匹配的一些示例,并且所述不匹配可以被热塑性板506和本文公开的热塑性接合过程容纳。但是,如可以意识到的,接合过程可以容纳任何尺寸、形状以及配置的不匹配,并且不局限于所显示的示例。图4A说明了法兰108的边缘被稍微抬起,进而导致了相对于法兰108的其他位置的在法兰边缘和蒙皮104之间的间隙。图4B说明了法兰108的中部被向上弯曲,进而导致了在该位置处的与蒙皮104的增加的间隙。图4C说明了直接在法兰108之下的面板102内形成的凹部,由此导致了在凹部处间隙尺寸的增加。图4D说明了直接在法兰108之下的面板102内形成的凸块,由此导致了在蒙皮104和在凸块的相对侧的法兰之间的间隙。图4E说明了具有产生了在法兰108和蒙皮104之间的接合层厚度114的变化的波纹或褶皱的蒙皮104的配合表面。图4F说明了具有产生了接合层厚度114的变化的波纹或褶皱的蒙皮104的配合表面。图4G说明了法兰108的曲率与面板102的曲率不匹配,由此导致了接合层厚度的变化。图4H说明了在法兰108和蒙皮104之间的锥角的不匹配。
参考图5并另外地参考图6-25,图5显示的是具有可以被包含在接合组件以形成结构组装件100的方法600中的一个或多个操作的流程图。方法600的步骤602可以包含提供第一组件300(图13)和第二组件400(图13)以便被接合在一起以形成结构组装件100(图17)。第一组件300可以包含第一配合表面302(图13)并且第二组件400可以包含被配置为接合到第一配合表面302的第二配合表面402(图13)。第一配合表面302可以具有第一轮廓306。第二配合表面402可以具有第二轮廓404。在一些示例中,第一轮廓306可以具有与第二轮廓404的不匹配。在第一组件300和第二组件400由热塑性材料和/或热固性材料形成的实施例中,根据与在2012年12月4日提交的名称为JOINING COMPOSITE COMPONENTS USING LOWTEMPERATURE THERMOPLASTIC FILM FUSION(使用低温热塑性薄膜熔合物接合复合组件)的美国申请序列号为13/693958公开的过程相似的过程,该方法可以包含形成第一组件300和/或第二组件400,所述申请文件的全部内容在此通过参考被并入。
例如,为了形成图2显示的结构组装件100,该方法600可以包含从如图6显示的一堆200热塑性预浸料206的板层202形成第二组件400。第一组件300也可以由如图9显示的一堆200热塑性预浸料206的板层202形成。热塑性预浸料206的板层202中的一个或多个可以包含在树脂基体中的加强纤维。树脂基质基体可以由有机材料或者无机材料形成。在一些示例中,树脂基体可以是热塑性聚合物,例如,聚芳基甲酮树脂、聚醚醚酮树脂、聚醚酮酮树脂或者聚芳砜树脂。树脂基体可以具有玻璃转换温度和可以高于玻璃转换温度的熔化温度。玻璃转换温度可以是树脂基体软化的温度。熔化温度可以是树脂基体的分子变成无序的温度。在一些示例中,树脂基体可以是具有高于大约500华氏度的熔化温度的热塑性聚合物。
在一些示例中,第一组件300(图9)和/或第二组件400(图6)可以通过与图6和图9中显示的和如在上文提到的申请序列号为13/693958的专利申请中公开的内容相似的堆叠一堆200未固化热固性预浸料208的板层202而形成。未固化热固性预浸料208可以包含例如环氧树脂的热固性树脂基体中的加强纤维。热固性树脂基体可以具有可以低于热塑性树脂基体的玻璃转换温度的固化温度。例如,热固性树脂基体可以具有小于大约400华氏度(例如大约350华氏度或者更小)的固化温度。热塑性预浸料206的板层202和/或热固性预浸料208的板层202可以包含加强纤维,例如单向纤维、双向纤维或者其他纤维配置或者纤维配置的组合。所述纤维可以由任何材料形成,不作为限制地,包含玻璃、碳、陶瓷材料、金属材料和/或任何类型的有机材料、无机材料或其组合。根据预定的板层堆叠顺序,堆200(图6和图9)中的板层202可以被布置在预定的纤维取向中。
方法600的步骤604可以包含施加第一热塑性薄膜306到第一组件300的第一配合表面302(见图9),并且施加第二热塑性薄膜406到第二组件400的第二配合表面402(见图6)。在一些示例中,热塑性薄膜306、406可以由表现出允许热塑性薄膜与第一组件300和/或第二组件400的配合表面共同固结的属性的热塑性材料形成。在这方面,热塑性薄膜306、406可以具有与热塑性预浸料206的热塑性树脂基体兼容的成分。在一个实施例中,热塑性薄膜306、406可以由与热塑性预浸料206的树脂基体基本相似的热塑性材料形成。
对于第一组件300和/或第二组件400由一堆200热塑性预浸料206的板层202形成的实施例,该方法可以包含共同固结热塑性薄膜与热塑性预浸料206的板层202。例如,第一热塑性薄膜306(图10)和/或第二热塑性薄膜406(图7)可以被堆叠或者施加到各自的第一和/或第二组件300、400的各自的第一和/或第二配合表面402。第一组件300和/或第二组件400可以被支撑在可以近似于固结后的复合组件300、400的预期的最终形状的固结工具526上。共同固结可以包含加热热塑性预浸料206和热塑性薄膜306、406到等于或大于热塑性薄膜306、406的熔化温度和热塑性预浸料206的树脂基体的熔化温度中的较高者的温度。
热量可以通过将热塑性预浸料206和热塑性薄膜306、406的堆叠放置在热压罐或者烘箱内而被施加。在一些示例中,热量可以通过使用加热工具、红外加热、辐射加热、热空气加热或者其他加热方法而被施加。共同固结也可以包含在施加热量的同时将固结压力522施加到热塑性薄膜306、406和一堆200热塑性预浸料206的板层202。通过使用固结工具526、真空制袋、热压罐压力和/或其他技术,固结压力522可以被施加到热塑性薄膜306、406和一堆200板层202。施加热量和固结压力522可以引起热塑性薄膜306、406和热塑性预浸料206的板层202被固结到一起成为如图8和图11显示的一体形成的复合层压板组件。
对于第一组件300和/或第二组件400由热固性预浸料208形成的实施例,该方法可以包含共同固化热塑性薄膜与一堆200热固性预浸料208的板层202。在一些实施例中,热塑性薄膜可以由如上所述的热塑性树脂构成。热塑性薄膜306、406可以被堆叠或施加到用上文所述的方式在图7和图10显示的各自的第一和/或第二组件300、400的各自的第一和/或第二配合表面302、402。在一些示例中,热塑性薄膜306、406可以由被施加到一堆200中的热固性预浸料208的最外板层的配合表面的一层环氧树脂构成。该方法可以包含将热塑性薄膜和一堆200未固化的热固性预浸料208的板层202的组装件加热到热固性树脂的固化温度。在一些示例中,该组装件可以被加热到等于或大于热塑性薄膜的玻璃转换温度的温度,所述玻璃转换温度可以大于热固性树脂的固化温度。在加热到热固性树脂的固化温度以固化组装件的同时,固结压力522可以被施加到热塑性薄膜和未固化的热固性预浸料208。
方法600的步骤606可以包含扫描(见图8)第二组件400(图8)的第二配合表面402和扫描第一组件300(图11)的第一配合表面302以绘制如图8和图11显示的第一和第二配合表面302、402的轮廓。在这方面,方法600可以包含扫描已共同固结的热塑性组件的配合表面上的热塑性薄膜和/或扫描如上所述的已共同固化的热固性组件的配合表面上的热塑性薄膜。扫描覆盖了各自的第一和/或第二配合表面302、402的第一和/或第二热塑性薄膜306、406可以提供绘制、测量和/或记录配合表面302、402的轮廓的手段,以便热塑性元件500(例如,热塑性板506)可以被生产为具有相对的板表面508、510,所述板表面508、510分别匹配将被接合的第一和第二组件300、400的配合表面302、402的轮廓306、404。在一些实施例中,该方法可以包含数字地检查配合表面和/或覆盖了配合表面的热塑性薄膜。通过使用各种不同技术和设备中的任何一种,数字检查或数字扫描配合表面可以被执行。
例如,参考图8和图11,显示了扫描覆盖了各自的第一和第二组件300、400的各自的第一和第二配合表面302、402的第一热塑性薄膜306(图11)和第二热塑性薄膜406(图8)的扫描仪520的示例。扫描仪520可以包括光学传感器、数字扫描仪、激光扫描仪或者其他扫描系统。在一些示例中,一个或多个光学传感器或扫描仪(未显示)可以被安装到相对于被扫描的表面的固定位置。光学传感器或扫描仪可以沿着热塑性薄膜的长度和/或宽度光学地扫描以绘制、测量和/或记录其轮廓。光学传感器或扫描仪可以被提供为各种不同配置中的任何一种,包含但不限于,可以使用光学部件测量配合表面和/或覆盖了一个或多个组件的配合表面的热塑性薄膜中的一种或多种的表面形态和/或轮廓的任何非接触式扫描仪或光学测量系统或设备。
在一些示例中,轮廓的扫描或测量可以由被配置为三角扫描仪和/或飞行时间扫描仪的扫描仪执行。在一些示例中,激光扫描仪可以收集多个点(如,多达100000或更多个点)的三维方位数据以形成表示一个或多个配合表面或者覆盖了配合表面的热塑性薄膜的轮廓的一个或多个点云。点云数据可以被记录并且储存到例如计算机存储器中。在一个实施例中,点云可以被用于形成被生产或制造以便用于将第一组件300接合到第二组件400的热塑性元件500的三维数字模型或者计算机模型530(如图12、20以及24)。在一些实施例中,该方法可以包含使用一个或多个摄像机来记录配合表面和/或热塑性薄膜的图像并且生成将被接合到一起的配合表面中的每一个配合表面的轮廓的三维模型。通过使用例如坐标测量机(CMM)或其他接触检查设备或技术的一个或多个接触计量设备,配合表面和/或覆盖了配合表面的热塑性薄膜的轮廓也可以被测量。
一个或多个配合表面和/或一个或多个热塑性薄膜的轮廓的扫描可以相对于可以被建立的一个或多个数据(未显示)或参考特征(未显示)而执行。例如,尽管未显示,但是例如坐标系(如笛卡尔坐标系)的参考特征可以被建立在图8中的蒙皮104(如,第二组件400)的外表面上。坐标系(未显示)可以位于覆盖了第二组件400的第二配合表面402的第二热塑性薄膜406的转角处。坐标系可以被取向为以便坐标系的x-y轴与蒙皮104的外表面的局部平面一致,或者如果外表面为非平面,则坐标系可以被取向为以便x-y轴在第二热塑性薄膜406的转角处均相切于蒙皮104的外表面。坐标系的z轴可以从第二组件400的外表面向外延伸。在建立了坐标系的位置和取向之后,数字扫描仪、激光扫描仪、摄像机、轮廓测量设备、坐标测量机(CMM)或者其他设备可以测量并且记录相对于坐标系的第二热塑性薄膜406的轮廓。第二热塑性薄膜406的轮廓的三维计算机模型530可以被生成并且储存在计算机系统(未显示)的储存器内。
在图11中,加强件106(如第一组件300)的期望的位置和取向可以相对于第二组件(为显示)限定。例如,已装配的第一和第二组件300、400的计算机辅助设计(CAD)模型(未显示)可以用于建立第二组件400相对于第一组件300的预期位置和取向。CAD模型可以由此限定在沿着将被形成在第一组件300和第二组件400之间的热塑性接合点112的一个或多个位置处的在第一组件300和第二组件400之间的预期的接合层厚度114。在一些示例中,可以作出关于沿热塑性接合点112在任何位置处的最小和/或最大接合层厚度114(如,厚度公差)的判断。
扫描仪520、光学传感器或其他轮廓测量设备可以测量并且记录相对于建立在第二组件400上的上述坐标系的第一组件300的第一热塑性薄膜306的轮廓。根据来自扫描仪520的轮廓测量值,第一热塑性薄膜306的轮廓的计算机模型(未显示)可以被生成。第一热塑性薄膜306的轮廓的三维计算机模型的位置和取向可以相对于第二组件400上建立的坐标系被限定,并且可以被储存在计算机系统存储器(未显示)中。该方法可以包含使用第一和第二热塑性薄膜306、406的轮廓的计算机模型,以便生成例如在图12中说明的热塑性板506的热塑性元件500的三维计算机模型530。热塑性板506的计算机模型530可以具有相对的第一和第二板表面508、510,该相对的第一和第二板表面508、510可以基本匹配第一和/或第二组件300、400的各自的配合表面302、402和/或覆盖了配合表面302、402的热塑性薄膜306、406的轮廓。此外,热塑性板506的计算机模型530可以限定热塑性板506的厚度,所述热塑性板506的厚度可以沿着热塑性接合点112在不同的位置处变化。用这种方式,热塑性板506可以容纳在第一和第二组件300、400之间的接合层的厚度变化。可以可选地提供关于热塑性板506的最小厚度和最大厚度(如,厚度公差)的信息,并且该信息可以在稍后用于热塑性接合点112的检查和/或结构分析。
图5的方法600的步骤608可以包含生产或制作热塑性元件500,该热塑性元件500具有分别匹配第一配合表面和第二配合表面的轮廓的元件表面502、504。例如,热塑性元件500可以被形成为热塑性板506(图12),该热塑性板506具有基本匹配第一和第二配合表面302、402的各自轮廓或者基本匹配覆盖了第一和第二配合表面302、402的热塑性薄膜306、406的各自轮廓的相对的第一和第二板表面508、510。在一个实施例中,方法600可以包含生产具有大约0.002英寸或者更小的最小厚度的热塑性板506。如上所述,通过使热塑性板506的厚度最小化而最小化接合层厚度114,可以改善第一组件300和第二组件400之间的热塑性接合点112的强度属性。在一些示例中,热塑性板506可以被生产为具有大约0.005英寸或者更大的最小厚度,所述最小厚度可以改善热塑性板506的可生产性和/或操纵性。在其他示例中,热塑性板506可以被生产为具有从大约0.002英寸到大约0.010英寸的范围内变化的厚度。但是,热塑性板506可以被提供为厚度大于0.010英寸。
尽管图12中的热塑性板506被显示为大体平坦的、矩形形状的构件,但是热塑性板506可以被提供为任意的尺寸、形状以及配置,不作为限制地包含曲线的(如,不平坦的)形状、弯曲的形状(如,不平坦的)以及其他的形状和/或配置,或者其组合。此外,热塑性板506可以具有除了图12显示的矩形形状之外的周边形状。而且,多个热塑性板506可以被生产用于给定的热塑性接合点。多个热塑性板506可以在热塑性接合点中被堆叠在彼此的顶部,和/或多个热塑性板506可以相对于彼此并排地布置以覆盖在将被接合的两个或多个组件之间的热塑性接合点的区域。
通过使用直接制造、快速成型或者包含但不限于例如三维打印的附加式制造、三维平板印刷、以及直接数字化制造的其他技术,接合组件的方法600可以包含制作例如热塑性板506(图12)的热塑性元件500。此外,使用消减制造,例如激光切割、通过计算机数字控制的机械加工(如,CNC机械加工)或者其他消减制造技术,热塑性元件500可以被制作。例如热塑性板506的热塑性元件500的制作可以利用热塑性板506的计算机模型530,通过使用一个或多个扫描仪、摄像机、CMM或者如上论述的其他轮廓测量设备,所述计算机模型530可以在第一和第二配合表面302、402(或者热塑性薄膜)的轮廓的数字检查或扫描的辅助下生成。在一些示例中,通过使用例如注射模塑、压缩模塑的模塑技术以及其他技术,热塑性元件500可以被制作。
在一些示例中,热塑性元件500(图12)可以由与第一热塑性薄膜306(图13)和/或第二热塑性薄膜406(图13)基本相同的材料或相似的材料形成。如上所述,热塑性元件500可以优选地由与覆盖了第一组件300和/或第二组件400的配合表面的低熔化的热塑性薄膜相同的热塑性树脂制作。在一些示例中,热塑性元件500可以由具有可以低于第一组件300和/或第二组件400的熔化温度的玻璃转换温度的热塑性材料形成,以避免软化第一和/或第二组件300、400,否则,所述热塑性材料可能危害第一和/或第二组件300、400的形状和/或完整性。
方法600的步骤608可以可选地包含附加地制造热塑性元件500。例如,在图14中,热塑性板506可以被直接附加地制造在各自的第一组件300和第二组件400的第一热塑性薄膜306和/或第二热塑性薄膜406上。附加式制造技术可以允许将热塑性元件500直接自定义地装配在第一组件300和/或第二组件上,或者直接自定义地装配在各自的第一和/或第二组件300、400的热塑性薄膜306、406上。直接地附加制造在第一和/或第二组件300、400上可以减少在装配第一组件300和第二组件400的过程期间校准第一和第二组件300、400所要求的工具的复杂度。在本文公开的任一实施例中,其中在第一和/或第二组件300、400上的热塑性薄膜是一层环氧树脂粘合剂,该方法可以包含将热塑性元件500直接附加制造到环氧树脂粘合剂层上。用于附加式制造的上述任何一种技术均可以被实施以便将热塑性元件500直接附加制造到第一组件300和/或第二组件上,或者第一和/或第二热塑性薄膜306、406上。
图5中的方法600的步骤610可以包含为第一组件300和第二组件400装配热塑性元件500。例如,方法600可以包含将第一组件300和第二组件400装配为在两者之间夹有热塑性板506。在这方面,第一热塑性薄膜306和第二热塑性薄膜406可以被定位为面对面地接触如图13中显示的热塑性板506的各自的第一板表面508和第二板表面510。图13说明了在用面对面接触热塑性板506的板表面508、510的方式装配组件之前被定位在第一组件300和第二组件400之间的已被独立成形的热塑性板506的示例。图15说明了被直接制造在第二组件400的第二热塑性薄膜406上的已被附加制造的热塑性板506的示例。在一个实施例中,该方法可以包含将一部分热塑性板506附加制造在组件300、400之一上,并且将剩余部分的热塑性板506附加制造在剩余的组件300、400上,并且然后将组件300、400装配到一起以便两部分热塑性板506被面对面(未显示)彼此接触地放置。该方法可以可选地包含制作装配工具528(图16),以便将组件300、400用彼此固定的关系保持在装配状态中。
图5中的方法600的步骤612可以包含加热热塑性元件500、第一热塑性薄膜306和/或第二热塑性薄膜406到热塑性元件500、第一热塑性薄膜306和/或第二热塑性薄膜406的玻璃转换温度。在一个实施例中,热塑性元件500以及第一和第二热塑性薄膜306、406可以由相同的材料形成,在这种情况下,热塑性元件500以及第一和第二热塑性薄膜306、406可以具有相同的玻璃转换温度。如果热塑性元件500是由与第一热塑性薄膜306和/或第二热塑性薄膜406不同的材料形成,那么可以被要求用于将组件300、400熔合在一起的温度可以是热塑性元件500以及第一和第二热塑性薄膜306、406的玻璃转换温度中的最高温度。在一些示例中,热塑性元件500、第一热塑性薄膜306和/或第二热塑性薄膜406可以被加热到大约500华氏度以下的温度。
对于第一组件300和/或第二组件400由热塑性材料形成的实施例,热塑性元件500以及第一和第二热塑性薄膜306、406被加热的温度可以被维持在第一组件300和第二组件400的最低熔化温度以下。在一些实施例中,热塑性元件500、第一热塑性薄膜306和/或第二热塑性薄膜406可以通过将第一和第二组件300、400以及热塑性元件500的组装件放置在热压罐或者烘箱内而被加热。在其他示例中,第一热塑性薄膜306和/或第二热塑性薄膜406可以通过将组件300、400保持在相对于彼此的固定位置的装配工具528(图16)来加热。通过使用红外加热、辐射加热、热空气加热或其他的加热方法,热量可以被施加。
图5中的方法600的步骤614可以包含在热塑性元件500、第一热塑性薄膜306以及第二热塑性薄膜406加热期间向它们施加压实压力524。图16说明了使用被定位在第一和第二组件300、400的相对侧上的工具将压实压力524局部施加到热塑性板506的示例。压实压力524可以通过机械方式被施加,如采用例如施加压实压力524到热塑性板506和第一以及第二热塑性薄膜306、406的区域的按压方式(未显示)。但是,压实压力524可以通过真空制袋或通过其他方式被施加。压实压力524可以用压缩被夹在第一组件300和第二组件400之间的热塑性板506的方式被施加。在一个实施例中,压实压力524可以被施加到促使或者促进热塑性板506与第一和第二热塑性薄膜306、406的熔合的等级。被施加到热塑性板506和第一以及第二热塑性薄膜306、406的压实压力524可以小于共同固结热塑性预浸料206与热塑性薄膜的固结压力522。例如,压实压力524可以小于100psi。
图5的方法600的步骤616可以包含响应于热量和压实压力524的施加而将热塑性元件500、第一热塑性薄膜306以及第二热塑性薄膜406熔合在一起。在一些示例中,热量可以被施加以初始地软化热塑性元件500和/或第一和第二热塑性薄膜306、406。可以在施加热量之前和/或在施加热量期间施加压实压力524,或者当热塑性元件500和第一以及第二热塑性薄膜306、406达到它们的玻璃转换温度时施加压实压力524。可选地,在热量被移除并且热塑性元件500和第一以及第二热塑性薄膜306、406被主动地和/或被动地冷却到玻璃转换温度以下之后,压实压力524可以被连续地施加。将热塑性元件500和第一以及第二热塑性薄膜306、406熔合到一起可以使得形成接合第一组件300到第二组件400的热塑性接合点112。在热塑性元件500和第一以及第二热塑性薄膜306、406熔合到一起并且冷却之后,装配工具528可以被移除,从而产生图17显示的一体形成的结构组装件100。
参考图18,在一些示例中,组件中的一个或多个可以包含半径表面。例如,在图18中,第一组件300的第一配合表面302可以包含在法兰108和腹板110之间过渡处的第一半径表面304。当第一组件300与大体平面的第二组件400装配时,楔形间隙(未显示)可以发生在第一半径表面304的位置处。可以期望的是,用热塑性半径填充物512(图21)填充楔形间隙以提高将第一组件300接合到第二组件400的热塑性接合点112的强度。尽管第一半径表面304被显示为具有大体恒定半径的凸形形状,但是第一半径表面304可以被形成为非恒定的半径。甚至进一步地,第一组件300可以包含成角度的表面或具有侧面的表面,该成角度的表面或具有侧面的表面可以引起与大体平面的第二表面的楔形间隙并且要求热塑性半径填充物512填充该间隙以提高将第一组件300接合到第二组件400的热塑性接合点112的强度。
现在公开的方法提供了用于将热塑性元件500形成为热塑性半径填充物512以填充第一组件300和第二组件400之间的楔形间隙的手段。例如,热塑性半径填充物512可以被形成以匹配第一组件300的第一半径表面304和第二组件400的大体平面的第二配合表面402的轮廓。热塑性半径填充物512的示例能够在图21-22中被看到,该示例被显示为具有一对半径填充物侧表面514和半径填充物基座表面516。可以每个均具有凹形形状的半径填充物侧表面514中的至少一个可以基本匹配第一组件300的第一半径表面304的凸形形状。半径填充物基座表面516可以是大体平坦的和/或轮廓形成为匹配第二配合表面402的第二轮廓404。
在图18中,将热塑性元件500生产成热塑性半径填充物512的方法可以包含使用扫描仪520扫描第一组件300的第一半径表面304。在一些示例中,第一配合表面302可以包含第一热塑性薄膜308并且第一半径表面304可以不具有热塑性薄膜308。在其他实施例中,第一配合表面302可以不具有第一热塑性薄膜308并且第一半径表面304可以包含热塑性薄膜308。不管在第一配合表面302或第一半径表面304上是否存在或缺少热塑性薄膜308,扫描仪可以生成表示第一半径表面304的轮廓的轮廓数据。该方法可以额外地包含扫描第二配合表面402的轮廓以生成轮廓数据。尽管第二配合表面402的轮廓被显示为是大体平面的,但是第二轮廓404可以具有任何形状,不作为限制的并且不限于平面形状。扫描仪520可以扫描第二轮廓404并且可以生成表示第二轮廓404的轮廓数据。第一半径表面304的轮廓数据和第二配合表面402的轮廓数据可以被用于生成与图20中显示的示例相似的热塑性半径填充物512的计算机模型530。
参考图19,在第一组件300的一些实施例中,第一热塑性薄膜308可以被施加到大体平面的第一配合表面302并且可以用连续的方式延伸在一部分第一半径表面304上或者延伸在基本全部的第一半径表面304上。在这种实施例中,该方法可以包含用例如上述方式等任何方式使用扫描仪520扫描热塑性薄膜308并且生成第一半径表面304和第一配合表面302的轮廓数据。扫描仪520可以再次被用于扫描第二组件400的第二轮廓404并且用如上所述方式等方式生成轮廓数据。第一配合表面302和第一半径表面304的轮廓数据可以与第二配合表面402的轮廓数据结合以生成热塑性元件500的计算机模型530,所述热塑性元件500采用与图24中显示的热塑性半径填充物512的配置相似的热塑性半径填充物512一体地结合热塑性板506。正如在下文更多细节中所描述的,图24中的整体的热塑性元件500可以与第一组件300和第二组件400一起装配并且被熔合以形成具有一体的半径填充物的热塑性接合点112。
参考图20,使用生产热塑性板506的上述方法中的任何一种中的附加制造或消减制造,由扫描仪数据生成的计算机模型530可以被用于制作热塑性半径填充物512。例如,使用例如机械加工技术的消减制造,计算机模型530可以被用于制作热塑性半径填充物512。在一个示例中,热塑性半径填充物512可以由散装材料机械加工。可替换地,使用具有的轮廓基本复制了计算机模型530的轮廓的模具,热塑性半径填充物512可以被模塑或铸造。
参考图21,在一些实施例中,热塑性半径填充物512可以直接地附加制造在第二组件400上。例如,热塑性半径填充物512可以被附加制造在第二组件400的第二热塑性薄膜406上。可替换地,热塑性半径填充物512可以被附加制造在不具有第二热塑性薄膜406的一部分第二组件400上。任何合适的附加式制造技术(如,三维打印、立体平板印刷等等)可以被实施以便将热塑性半径填充物512直接制作在第二组件400上。尽管未显示,但是热塑性半径填充物512可以可选地被直接附加制造在第一组件300的第一半径填充物上。如上指示的,将热塑性半径填充物512直接附加制造在第一和/或第二组件300、400上可以有利于减少或消除分离工具的需要,从而在装配过程中对准第一和第二组件300、400。
参考图22,该图显示的是将第一组件300装配到第二组件400的过程的图示。结构组装件100包含附加制造的热塑性半径填充物512。但是,如上指示的,热塑性半径填充物512可以被消减制造或生产为分离的组件,并且然后与在图13中说明的和以上所述的过程相似地与第一组件300和第二组件400装配。
参考图23,该图显示的是包含被接合到第二组件400的第一组件300的结构组装件100的实施例。在与上文所述的并且在图16-17中说明的过程相似的装配过程中,压实压力524和/或热量可以被施加到图23中的第一组件300和第二组件400。压实压力524可以通过例如采用按压(未显示)的机械手段、真空制袋或用于将压力施加到热塑性板506的各种其他手段中的任何一种手段而施加。在压实压力524的施加期间,半径块(未显示)或真空袋(未显示)可以可选地抵靠热塑性半径填充物512的暴露的半径填充物侧表面514而横向施加。热量可以被施加在压实压力524的施加之前、期间或之后。热量可以用引起第一和第二组件300、400的热塑性薄膜熔合在一起并且可选地熔合部分第一和/或第二热塑性薄膜308、406与热塑性半径填充物512接触热塑性薄膜308、406的部分的方式和温度而施加。
参考图24,该图显示的是由一体形成为整体结构518的热塑性半径填充物512和热塑性板506组成的热塑性元件500的实施例。如上所述,通过使用在扫描第一组件300和第二组件400期间生成的轮廓数据,一体的热塑性板506/热塑性半径填充物512可以被形成。图25说明了一体的热塑性板506/热塑性半径填充物512与第一组件300和第二组件400的装配。装配过程可以相似于如上关于图13中说明的热塑性板506所述的过程。可替换地,一体的热塑性板506/热塑性半径填充物512可以与上文所述的热塑性半径填充物512的附加制造相似地被直接附加制造在第二组件400的第二热塑性薄膜406上。热量和压实压力524可以被施加以便将第一和第二组件300、400与一体的热塑性板506/热塑性半径填充物512熔合。
图26显示了用于将背靠背的L形加强件(如,第一组件300)接合到蒙皮(如,第二组件400)的热塑性接合过程的实施方式。如图所示,热塑性半径填充物512的相对的半径填充物侧表面514与背靠背的L形加强件的相对的第一半径表面304接触。图27说明了包含具有热塑性半径填充物512的热塑性接合点112的一体的结构组装件100的一个实施例,该热塑性半径填充物512将Z形加强件(如,第一组件300)接合到蒙皮(如,第二组件400)。图28说明了包含具有一对热塑性半径填充物512并且将帽形加强件接合到蒙皮的热塑性接合点112的一体的结构组装件100。如可以意识到的,上述热塑性接合过程不限于接合附图中显示的第一和第二组件300、400的示例。在这方面,热塑性接合过程可以被实施以便接合(但不作为限制)任何尺寸、形状以及配置的两个或多个组件。
本公开的额外的修改和改进对本领域普通技术人员来说可以是显而易见的。因此,本文描述并且说明的零件的特定结合旨在仅表示本公开的某些实施例,并且不旨在作为对本公开的精神和范围内的可替换的实施例或设备的限制。而且,本公开包括根据以下条款的实施例:
条款1.一种接合组件的方法,包括以下步骤:
提供具有第一配合表面的第一组件,所述第一配合表面具有第一轮廓;
提供具有用于接合到所述第一配合表面的第二配合表面的第二组件,所述第二配合表面具有第二轮廓;以及
生产具有分别基本匹配所述第一轮廓和所述第二轮廓的第一元件表面和第二元件表面的热塑性元件。
条款2.根据条款1所述的方法,其中:
所述第一配合表面的所述第一轮廓具有与所述第二配合表面的所述第二轮廓的不匹配。
条款3.根据条款1所述的方法,其中生产所述热塑性元件的步骤包括:
生产具有基本匹配所述第一轮廓和所述第二轮廓的第一板表面和第二板表面的热塑性板。
条款4.根据条款1所述的方法,其中生产所述热塑性元件的步骤包括:
生产具有基本匹配第一热塑性薄膜和第二热塑性薄膜的各自的轮廓的相对的第一和第二元件表面的所述热塑性元件,所述第一热塑性薄膜和第二热塑性薄膜被分别施加到所述第一配合表面和所述第二配合表面。
条款5.根据条款1所述的方法,其中所述第一配合表面包含第一半径表面,生产所述热塑性元件的步骤包括:
生产具有基本匹配第一半径表面和第二配合表面的各自的轮廓的半径填充物侧表面和半径填充物基座表面的热塑性半径填充物。
条款6.根据条款4所述的方法,其中生产所述热塑性元件的步骤包括:
一体形成具有所述热塑性半径填充物的热塑性板;以及
所述热塑性板具有基本匹配所述第一轮廓和所述第二轮廓的第一板表面和第二板表面。
条款7.根据条款1所述的方法,其进一步包括以下步骤:
扫描所述第一配合表面和/或所述第二配合表面以确定所述第一轮廓和所述第二轮廓。
条款8.根据条款6所述的方法,其中扫描的步骤包含:
使用数字扫描仪、摄像机、坐标测量机或其任何组合进行扫描。
条款9.根据条款1所述的方法,其中生产所述热塑性元件的步骤包括:
使用附加式制造、消减制造或其组合生产所述热塑性元件。
条款10.根据条款1所述的方法,其中生产所述热塑性元件的步骤包括:
将所述热塑性元件直接附加制造在所述第一组件的第一热塑性薄膜上或者所述第二组件的第二热塑性薄膜上。
条款11.根据条款1所述的方法,其进一步包括以下步骤:
用被夹在两者之间的所述热塑性元件装配所述第一组件和所述第二组件;以及
将所述热塑性元件、第一热塑性薄膜以及第二热塑性薄膜熔合在一起,以形成接合所述第一组件到所述第二组件的热塑性接合点。
条款12.根据条款8所述的方法,其中熔合的步骤包括:
将所述热塑性元件、所述第一热塑性薄膜和/或所述第二热塑性薄膜中的至少一个加热到它的至少玻璃转换温度。
条款13.根据条款8所述的方法,其中所述热塑性元件包含热塑性板,熔合的步骤包含:
压缩被夹在所述第一组件和所述第二组件之间的热塑性板。
条款14.根据条款8所述的方法,其中生产所述热塑性元件的步骤包含:
由具有低于所述第一组件和/或第二组件的熔化温度的玻璃转换温度的材料生产所述热塑性元件。
条款15.根据条款8所述的方法,其中生产所述热塑性元件的步骤包含:
由基本相似于所述第一热塑性薄膜和/或所述第二热塑性薄膜的所述材料的材料生产所述热塑性元件。
条款16.根据条款1所述的方法,其中:
所述第一组件和/或所述第二组件由热固性材料或热塑性材料形成。
条款17.根据条款1所述的方法,其中提供所述第一组件和所述第二组件的步骤包括:
通过将热塑性薄膜与一堆热塑性预浸料的板层共同固结而形成所述第一组件和/或所述第二组件。
条款18.根据条款1所述的方法,其中提供所述第一组件和所述第二组件的步骤包括:
通过将热塑性薄膜与一堆热固性预浸料的板层共同固化而形成所述第一组件和/或所述第二组件。
条款19.一种接合组件的方法,其包括以下步骤:
提供具有被施加到第一配合表面的第一热塑性薄膜的第一组件;
提供具有被施加到第二配合表面的第二热塑性薄膜的第二组件;
扫描所述第一热塑性薄膜和所述第二热塑性薄膜以确定其轮廓;
由基本相似于所述第一热塑性薄膜和/或所述第二热塑性薄膜的材料生产热塑性板,所述热塑性板具有分别匹配所述第一配合表面和所述第二配合表面的所述轮廓的第一板表面和第二板表面;
装配所述第一组件和所述第二组件以将所述热塑性板夹在两者之间;
将热量和压实压力施加到所述热塑性板、所述第一热塑性薄膜和/或所述第二热塑性薄膜;以及
将所述热塑性板、所述第一热塑性薄膜以及所述第二热塑性薄膜熔合在一起,从而将所述第一组件接合到所述第二组件以形成结构组装件。
条款20.一种接合组件的方法,其包括以下步骤:
提供具有被施加到第一配合表面的第一热塑性薄膜的第一组件,所述第一配合表面包含第一半径表面;
提供具有被施加到第二配合表面的第二热塑性薄膜的第二组件;
生产具有基本匹配所述第一半径表面和所述第二配合表面的各自轮廓的半径填充物侧表面和半径填充物基座表面的热塑性半径填充物;
装配所述第一组件、所述第二组件以及所述热塑性半径填充物;
施加热量和压实压力到所述热塑性半径填充物、所述第一热塑性薄膜和/或所述第二热塑性薄膜;以及
将所述第一热塑性薄膜、所述第二热塑性薄膜和/或所述热塑性半径填充物熔合在一起,从而将所述第一组件接合到所述第二组件以形成结构组装件。

Claims (15)

1.一种接合组件的方法,其包括以下步骤:
提供具有第一配合表面的第一组件,所述第一配合表面具有第一轮廓;
提供具有将被接合到所述第一配合表面的第二配合表面的第二组件,所述第二配合表面具有第二轮廓;
扫描所述第一配合表面和所述第二配合表面中的至少一个,以分别确定所述第一轮廓和所述第二轮廓;以及
在与所述第一组件和所述第二组件中的其余一个一起装配之前,基于所述扫描将整体的实心的热塑性元件直接地附加制造在所述第一组件和所述第二组件中的至少一个上,所述热塑性元件具有分别基本匹配所述第一轮廓和所述第二轮廓的第一元件表面和第二元件表面中的至少一个。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中附加制造所述热塑性元件的步骤包括:
附加制造具有基本匹配所述第一轮廓和所述第二轮廓的第一板表面和第二板表面中的至少一个的热塑性板。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中附加制造所述热塑性元件的步骤包括:
生产具有基本匹配第一热塑性薄膜和第二热塑性薄膜的各自轮廓的相对的第一元件表面和第二元件表面中的至少一个的所述热塑性元件,所述第一热塑性薄膜和第二热塑性薄膜被分别施加到所述第一配合表面和所述第二配合表面。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述第一配合表面包含第一半径表面,附加制造所述热塑性元件的步骤包括:
附加制造具有基本匹配所述第一半径表面和所述第二配合表面的各自轮廓的半径填充物侧表面和半径填充物基座表面中的至少一个的热塑性半径填充物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中附加制造所述热塑性元件的步骤包括:
一体形成具有所述热塑性半径填充物的热塑性板;以及
所述热塑性板具有基本匹配所述第一轮廓和所述第二轮廓的第一板表面和第二板表面中的至少一个。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中扫描的步骤包括:
使用数字扫描仪、摄像机、坐标测量机或其任何组合进行扫描。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中将所述热塑性元件直接地附加制造在所述第一组件和所述第二组件中的至少一个上的步骤包括:
将所述热塑性元件直接附加制造在所述第一组件的第一热塑性薄膜或者所述第二组件的第二热塑性薄膜中的至少一个上。
8.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其进一步包括以下步骤:
装配所述第一组件和所述第二组件以使所述热塑性元件夹在两者之间;以及
将所述热塑性元件、第一热塑性薄膜以及第二热塑性薄膜熔合在一起以形成将所述第一组件接合到所述第二组件的热塑性接合点。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中熔合的步骤包括:
将所述热塑性元件、所述第一热塑性薄膜和/或所述第二热塑性薄膜中的至少一个加热到其至少玻璃转换温度。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述热塑性元件包含热塑性板,熔合的步骤包含:
压缩被夹在所述第一组件和所述第二组件之间的热塑性板。
11.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中附加制造所述热塑性元件的步骤包含:
由具有低于所述第一组件和/或第二组件的熔化温度的玻璃转换温度的材料附加制造所述热塑性元件。
12.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中附加制造所述热塑性元件的步骤包含:
由基本相似于所述第一热塑性薄膜和/或所述第二热塑性薄膜的材料的材料附加制造所述热塑性元件。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中:
所述第一组件和/或所述第二组件由热固性材料或热塑性材料形成。
14.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中提供所述第一组件和所述第二组件的步骤包括:
通过将热塑性薄膜与一堆热塑性预浸料的板层共同固结而形成所述第一组件和/或所述第二组件。
15.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中提供所述第一组件和所述第二组件的步骤包括:
通过将热塑性薄膜与一堆热固性预浸料的板层共同固化而形成所述第一组件和/或所述第二组件。
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