CN104663543A - Method for manually breeding Charybdis feriatus seedlings in earth pond - Google Patents
Method for manually breeding Charybdis feriatus seedlings in earth pond Download PDFInfo
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- CN104663543A CN104663543A CN201510063773.9A CN201510063773A CN104663543A CN 104663543 A CN104663543 A CN 104663543A CN 201510063773 A CN201510063773 A CN 201510063773A CN 104663543 A CN104663543 A CN 104663543A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 241000921895 Charybdis feriata Species 0.000 title abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 241000239250 Copepoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000252069 Megalops Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000700141 Rotifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000921896 Charybdis <crab> Species 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000034004 oogenesis Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001418 larval effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000595940 Notostraca Species 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000004681 ovum Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- PZJWYUDBXNNVLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-fluoro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C1CN(CC)CCN1C(C(=C1)F)=CC2=C1C(=O)C(C(O)=O)=CN2C1CC1 PZJWYUDBXNNVLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000003255 Carthamus tinctorius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000006806 disease prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for manually breeding Charybdis feriatus seedlings in an earth pond and belongs to the technical field of seedling culture for aquaculture. The method comprises the following steps that incubated parent crabs subjected to intensive culture in a concrete pond are placed in an incubation basket which is prepared in the earth pond in advance, rotifers are fed at the same day of incubation, the water color of the earth pond is observed every day and the transparency of the earth pond is kept about 35 cm; after being developed to the third stage of zoea, copepods are fed to the earth pond, and the density of the copepods is kept at 5 per milliliter; during megalops period, fish and meat are fed to the earth pond according to 200% of the estimated larva weight until the larvae are developed to young cabs. During the seedling breeding period, the requirements on the water quality are that the salinity is reliably stable and is kept at 2-3%, the temperature is 26-29 DEG C, the pH is 7.8-8.6, the dissolved oxygen is more than 4 mg/L and the transparency is kept at 30-50 cm. According to the method, a technology for manually breeding the Charybdis feriatus seedlings in the earth pond is implemented, and the method is simple, quick and low in production cost, and provides a feasible way for scale production of the Charybdis feriatus.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the rearing of fingerling field of aquaculture, particularly relate to the method for the artificial seedling rearing in earth ponds of rust spot Charybdis.
Background technology
Xiu Ban Charybdis (Charybdis feriatus) is commonly called as safflower crab, red crab, cross crab, it is one of Chinese large-sized Marine crab, delicious meat, mouthfeel are good, individuality is large, color red gorgeous celebrating, be of high nutritive value, it is high-grade precious marine product, the market price one to high, existing market price, Hainan up to 80-200 unit/kilogram.The commodity crab overwhelming majority sold in the market relies on natural sea area to fish for, and along with expanding economy and growth in the living standard, the demand of people to rust spot Charybdis also constantly increases, and wild quantity is caught due to adopting in recent years, causes resource day by day exhausted.Therefore, the success of Xiu Ban Charybdis Artificial Soil pond seedling growing process, not only keeps the sustainable development of its resource by enhancement releasing, and, cultivation new varieties can be increased, promote developing sooner of Xiu Ban Charybdis aquaculture.
External report, about the research of rust spot Charybdis, mainly contains fisheries biology investigation, distribution biological property, ecological food composition, meat evaluation of nutrition, disease etc.The domestic research about rust spot Charybdis, mainly relate to rust spot Charybdis Biological characteristics and quantity and spatial and temporal distributions, histology and alimentology, toxicologic research, some are about researchs such as embryonic development, the cultivations of close crab in addition.Report less both at home and abroad to the research of Xiu Ban Charybdis artificial breeding technique at present; especially its Artificial Soil pond seedling growing process; the present invention successfully solves the difficult problem of Xiu Ban Charybdis Artificial Soil pond seedling growing process, and (emergence rate is low; levels of audit quality is uneven; be difficult to realize extensive nursery); and method is simple to operate, production cost is low, is conducive to the large-scale cultivation of Xiu Ban Charybdis.
Although application number is 201010622099.0, publication number is a kind of method that the method for the Chinese patent application Xiu Ban Charybdis artificial breeding of CN 102106277A discloses Xiu Ban Charybdis artificial breeding.But the method be not carry out nursery and nursery at Tu Chizhong environment with of the present invention different, so middle seedling raising process also there is some difference.Filter before such as seedling rearing in earth ponds, sterilization, rich water, period looks weather condition regulating water quality and later stage catching method, emergence rate etc., it is also different that different nursery space enrironment is doomed the method for nursery, so disclosed seedling-cultivating method can not be mentioned in the same breath with patent of the present invention before this.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the method for the artificial seedling rearing in earth ponds of rust spot Charybdis, realize its seedling rearing in earth ponds, seedling growing process is simple and practical, easy to operate, incubation rate and survival rate high.
The present invention is become rusty the method for the artificial seedling rearing in earth ponds of spot Charybdis, carries out according to following step:
A. close crab breeding phase: select sea to catch Xiu Ban Charybdis, select stalwartness, limbs are vivaciously complete, the one-tenth crab of individual weight more than 250 grams is as close crab.The reinforced cultivating of parent crab carries out at indoor water mud sump, and cement pit size is 5*3*1.8m, is covered with the fine sand of 2/3 area at the bottom of pond, breeding density 1-2 tail/m
2.Put into cement pit again after the potassium permanganate sterilization of parent crab 30ppm to cultivate, the depth of water keeps 0.7m, day quantity of exchanged water more than 50%, the parent crab bait feedstuff feedings such as fresh and alive razor clam, trash fish meat, feeding volume accounts for about 30% of close crab body weight, sooner or later respectively once, and often removes residual bait.Check close crab whether oogenesis.Feeding volume increases in right amount depending on the situation of ingesting.
B. in the native pond rich water stage: about larval culture starts first half of the month, filter with 200 eye mesh screens, intake, except middle harmful organisms and the algae of anhydrating by the chlorine dioxide treatment of 0.5ppm.To put about the young previous week in native pond every mu and execute urea 3kg, phosphate fertilizer 1kg, also can inoculate 1*10
4the unit cell algae that/more than ml measures.
C. row children's stage: the developmental state checking oogenesis parent crab ovum every day, when microscopy embryo heartbeat 140 ~ 180 beats/min, by these close crabs with after 200ppm formalin sterilization 10min, move into the row of the middle preparation of ready hatching basket (3*3*1m) in advance in the native pond described in step B of outdoor outdoor excavated by manual work young, hatching basket material is that fluid-tight polyethylene canvas is made, puggaree is arranged at top, prevents direct sunlight and rainwater.Hatching basket floats over middle and upper part, air port place under Tu Chi, and in hatching basket, water is hydrostatic and oxygenation.Polyethylene canvas is used for the water in isolated hatching basket and native pond.Usually lay close crab I phase zoea 1,000,000/mu-500 ten thousand/mu of hatching in hatching basket in soil pond to be advisable; Generally be no more than 6,000,000/mu.
D. the larval culture stage: row children started wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding the same day, kept native pond wheel animalcule density at 10/ml, observed native pond water colour every day and make its transparency remain on 30cm-50cm, preferred about 35cm; Zoea 3 phase to be developed to, start to drop into copepoda to Tu Chi, and make copepoda density maintain 5/ml, if the available not fairy shrimp of copepoda temporarily replaces, be directly developed to megalops larva; The flesh of fish that megalopa stage is minced to Tu Chi input meat grinder, every day throws something and feeds respectively once by 200% of young weight sooner or later.Until paedomorphosis is to young crab, the flesh of fish particle of throwing something and feeding in the young crab phase can be slightly larger, and that need not beat is too rotten.Between nursery stage, be that salinity is relatively stable and remain on 20-30 ‰, temperature 26 DEG C-29 DEG C, pH7.8-8.6, more than dissolved oxygen 4mg/L to the requirement of water quality, transparency remains on 30cm-50cm, and water quality is not good changes water to improve by adding.
Wherein check close crab in steps A whether after oogenesis, oogenesis parent crab is sorted into other region cultivate, oogenesis parent crab requires every morning that seawater is all replaced by fresh seawater, water temperature difference is no more than 1 degree, clear up residual bait every day, keep water quality clean, feeding volume increases in right amount depending on the situation of ingesting, and oogenesis parent crab situation is observed in not timing every day.
1st jaw foot and the 2nd jaw foot exopodite end bilimbate seta number carry out zoea principal character by stages.Zoea the I to VI phase the 1st jaw foot exopodite end bilimbate seta number is respectively 4,6,8,9-10,13-14 and 15-16; 2nd jaw foot exopodite end tool bilimbate seta number is respectively 4,6,8,10-11,14-15 and 17-18.Megalops larva is characterized as: carapace circle is blunt, and periproct trailing edge bristle number is 7.
Beneficial effect
Artificial Soil pond of the present invention seedling-cultivating method, seedling cost is low, and survival rate is high, and emergence rate and quality are all higher.Native pond water body is large in addition, and water environment is relatively stable, also has Tu Chi to be outdoor in outdoor, in water, algae can keep good growth and breeding, namely maintains water colour, keeps water stabilization, enrich bait for the Xiu Ban Charybdis young and wheel animalcule copepoda provide again, effect is achieved many things at one stroke.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, set forth the present invention further.Should be understood that these embodiments are only not used in for illustration of the present invention to limit the scope of the invention.In addition should be understood that those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications the present invention, and these equivalent form of values fall within the application's appended claims limited range equally after the content of having read the present invention's instruction.
Embodiment 1
The method of the artificial seedling rearing in earth ponds of rust spot Charybdis, the steps include: to select sea to catch rust spot Charybdis, select stalwartness, limbs are vivaciously complete, the one-tenth crab of individual weight more than 250 grams is as close crab.The reinforced cultivating of parent crab carries out at indoor water mud sump, and cement pit size is 5*3*1.8m, is covered with the fine sand of 2/3 area at the bottom of pond, breeding density 1-2 tail/m2.Put into cement pit again after the potassium permanganate sterilization of parent crab 30ppm to cultivate, the depth of water keeps 0.7m, day quantity of exchanged water more than 50%, the close crab bait feedstuff feedings such as fresh and alive razor clam, trash fish meat, sooner or later respectively once and often remove residual bait, check close crab whether oogenesis.Oogenesis parent crab is sorted into other region cultivate.Oogenesis parent crab requires every morning that seawater is all replaced by fresh seawater, and water temperature difference, no more than 1 degree, clears up residual bait every day, and keep water quality clean, feeding volume increases in right amount depending on the situation of ingesting, and oogenesis parent crab situation is observed in not timing every day.
Tu Chi shifts to an earlier date rich water method for about larval culture starts first half of the month, filters, intake, except middle harmful organisms and the algae of anhydrating by the chlorine dioxide treatment of 0.5ppm with 200 eye mesh screens.To put about the young previous week in native pond every mu and execute urea 3kg, phosphate fertilizer 1kg, also can inoculate 1*10
4the unit cell algae that/more than ml measures.
Check the developmental state of oogenesis parent crab ovum every day, when microscopy embryo heartbeat 140 ~ 180 beats/min, by these close crabs with after 200ppm formalin sterilization 10min, move into the row of preparation children in seedling rearing in earth ponds pond.Parent crab is placed on Tu Chi and shifts to an earlier date in ready hatching basket (3*3*1m), hatching basket material is that fluid-tight polyethylene canvas is made, puggaree is arranged at top, and prevent direct sunlight and rainwater hatching basket from floating over middle and upper part, air port place under Tu Chi, in hatching basket, water is hydrostatic and oxygenation.Polyethylene canvas is used for the water in isolated hatching basket and native pond.Usually the I phase zoea 1,000,000/mu-500 ten thousand/mu hatched in hatching basket to lay close crab in soil pond is advisable, and is generally no more than 6,000,000/mu.
Row children started wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding the same day, kept native pond wheel animalcule density at 10/ml, observed native pond water colour every day and make its transparency remain on about 35cm; Zoea 3 phase to be developed to, start to drop into copepoda to Tu Chi, and make copepoda density maintain 5/ml, if the available not fairy shrimp of copepoda temporarily replaces, be directly developed to megalops larva; The flesh of fish that megalopa stage is minced to Tu Chi input meat grinder, every day throws something and feeds respectively once by 200% of young weight sooner or later.Until paedomorphosis is to young crab, the flesh of fish particle of throwing something and feeding in the young crab phase can be slightly larger, and that need not beat is too rotten.Between nursery stage, be that salinity is relatively stable and remain on 20-30 ‰, temperature 26 DEG C-29 DEG C, pH7.8-8.6, more than dissolved oxygen 4mg/L to the requirement of water quality, transparency remains on 30cm-50cm, and water quality is not good changes water to improve by adding.
Xiu Ban Charybdis zoea was divided into for 6 phases, at salinity 20-30 ‰, and temperature 26 DEG C-29 DEG C, under pH7.8-8.6 condition, Z1 is 3 ~ 4d; Be Z2 ~ Z5 after Z1, being respectively for each issue after 2d, Z5 be Z6, is 3 ~ 4d; Being megalops larva after Z6, is 4 ~ 5d; Paedomorphosis total time is 18 ~ 21d.
Will note the prevention of disease in whole seedling raising process, prophylactic agent is the conventional medicines such as Enrofloxacin HCL, Florfenicol, disinfectant.Be used alternatingly, make that germ is unlikely to develop immunity to drugs.General consumption is at 1g/m
3~ 2g/m
3if morbidity can strengthen dose.
When paedomorphosis is to megalops larva, the method that lamp can be taked to trap collects megalops larva, and when paedomorphosis is to young crab, due to the major part young crab volt end, phototaxis diminishes, and adopts by the draining of native pond to 10-20cm, is pulled out with dredger.Can sell.
Claims (5)
1. the method for the artificial seedling rearing in earth ponds of rust spot Charybdis, carry out according to following step:
A. close crab breeding phase: select sea to catch Xiu Ban Charybdis, select stalwartness, limbs are vivaciously complete, individual weight is greater than the one-tenth crab of 250 grams as close crab, and the reinforced cultivating of close crab carries out at indoor water mud sump, is covered with the fine sand of 2/3 area at the bottom of pond, breeding density 1-2 tail/m
2; Put into cement pit again after the potassium permanganate sterilization of parent crab 30ppm to cultivate, the depth of water keeps 0.7m, day quantity of exchanged water more than 50%, parent crab bait fresh and alive razor clam, trash fish meat feedstuff feeding, feeding volume accounts for 30% of close crab body weight, sooner or later respectively once and often remove residual bait, check close crab whether oogenesis; Feeding volume increases in right amount depending on the situation of ingesting;
B. in the native pond rich water stage: start first half of the month at larval culture, filter with 200 eye mesh screens, intake, except middle harmful organisms and the algae of anhydrating by the chlorine dioxide treatment of 0.5ppm; Put the young previous week in native pond every mu execute urea 3kg, phosphate fertilizer 1kg, or inoculation 1*10
4the unit cell algae that/more than ml measures;
C. row children's stage: the developmental state checking oogenesis parent crab ovum every day, when microscopy embryo heartbeat 140 ~ 180 beats/min, by these close crabs with after 200ppm formalin sterilization 10min, move into the row of preparation children in the hatching basket in the native pond described in step B of outdoor outdoor excavated by manual work, hatching basket material is that fluid-tight polyethylene canvas is made, and puggaree is arranged at top; The I phase zoea 1,000,000/mu-500 ten thousand/mu that close crab hatches in hatching basket is laid in soil pond;
D. the larval culture stage: row children started wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding the same day, kept native pond wheel animalcule density at 10/ml, observed native pond water colour every day and make its transparency remain on 30cm-50cm; Zoea 3 phase to be developed to, start to drop into copepoda to Tu Chi, and make copepoda density maintain 5/ml, if the available not fairy shrimp of copepoda temporarily replaces, be directly developed to megalops larva; The flesh of fish that megalopa stage is minced to Tu Chi input meat grinder, every day throws something and feeds respectively once by 200% of young weight sooner or later; Until paedomorphosis is to young crab, at the flesh of fish particle that the young crab phase throws something and feeds slightly large; Between nursery stage, be that salinity is relatively stable and remain on 20-30 ‰, temperature 26 DEG C-29 DEG C, pH7.8-8.6, more than dissolved oxygen 4mg/L to the requirement of water quality.
2. the method for the artificial seedling rearing in earth ponds of rust spot Charybdis according to claim 1, is characterized in that, wherein in steps A, cement pit size is 5*3*1.8m.
3. the method for the artificial seedling rearing in earth ponds of rust spot Charybdis according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, wherein check close crab in steps A whether after oogenesis, oogenesis parent crab is sorted into other region cultivate, oogenesis parent crab requires every morning that seawater is all replaced by fresh seawater, and water temperature difference is no more than 1 degree, clear up residual bait every day, keep water quality clean, feeding volume increases in right amount depending on the situation of ingesting, and oogenesis parent crab situation is observed in not timing every day.
4. the method for the artificial seedling rearing in earth ponds of rust spot Charybdis according to claim 1, is characterized in that, wherein hatches basket in step B and floats over middle and upper part, air port place under Tu Chi, and in hatching basket, water is hydrostatic and oxygenation.
5. the method for the artificial seedling rearing in earth ponds of rust spot Charybdis according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the size of wherein hatching basket in step B is 3*3*1m.
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| CN201510063773.9A CN104663543B (en) | 2015-02-06 | 2015-02-06 | Method for manually breeding Charybdis feriatus seedlings in earth pond |
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| CN201510063773.9A CN104663543B (en) | 2015-02-06 | 2015-02-06 | Method for manually breeding Charybdis feriatus seedlings in earth pond |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110720419A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-01-24 | 江苏省海洋水产研究所 | Artificial breeding method for macrobrachium giganteum in soil pond |
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| KR20050005219A (en) * | 2003-07-07 | 2005-01-13 | 황승국 | Method of circulating water in fishing farm breeding horseshoe crab |
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