CN104662701B - 电能储存 - Google Patents

电能储存 Download PDF

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CN104662701B
CN104662701B CN201380050413.4A CN201380050413A CN104662701B CN 104662701 B CN104662701 B CN 104662701B CN 201380050413 A CN201380050413 A CN 201380050413A CN 104662701 B CN104662701 B CN 104662701B
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electrical energy
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CN104662701A (zh
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H·司徒埃斯
M·米切利兹
M·克勒希
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种尤其用于电动车辆的电能储存装置(1)，该电能储存装置包括至少一个电池模块(2)，该至少一个电池模块(2)具有多个彼此电气连接的、特别是平坦的且大致板状的电池单元(4)，这些电池单元在至少一个堆叠件(3)内彼此相邻或者彼此叠置地布置在至少两个压力板(5)之间，且其中至少一个电池单元(4)和/或电池模块(2)由塑料结构(7)围绕，尤其是由泡沫包封。为了允许能量储存装置以可靠方式用尽可能低的花费并用少量部件来紧固，本发明提出位于压力板(5)之间的各电池单元(4)在夹紧状态下由泡沫来包封。

Description

电能储存
技术领域
本发明涉及一种尤其用于电动车辆的电能储存装置，该储存装置包括至少一个电池模块，至少一个电池模块具有多个彼此电气连接的、特别是平坦的且大致板状的电池单元，这些电池单元在至少一个堆叠件内彼此相接地或彼此叠置地布置在至少两个压力板之间，且其中至少一个电池单元和/或电池模块由塑料结构围绕，尤其是由泡沫包封。
背景技术
从WO 2008/048751 A1已知一种带电池模块的电池，各电池模块具有多个平坦且大致板状的单独的电池单元。各单独的电池单元堆叠成电池单元堆叠件并由电池壳体围绕。在各电池模块与壳体之间设有泡沫材料结构。
DE 86 20 714 U1公开了具有圆柱形电池单元的电池，各圆柱形电池单元布置在共同的壳体内。绝缘层布置在各电池单元与壳体之间。
DE 10 2008 059 972 A1描述了一种锂离子电池，该锂离子电池具有多个单独的单元和冷却板，多个单独的单元串联和/或并联切换，冷却板布置在各单独单元上的极侧上，其中各单独单元布置在带盖的电池壳体内。泡沫材料制成的支承件布置在圆柱形电池单元之间。
US 2007/259258 A1描述了上述类型的能量储存布置，包括容纳在壳体内的多个电池单元，其中各单独单元与壳体之间的中间空间由泡沫包封。
各已知电池需要分开的保持设备，从而将能量储存装置安装在例如车辆内。各电池单元通常刚性地连接到壳体，其中壳体经由固定到壳体的保持设备固定到车辆。不利的是各电池模块的安装和拆卸相对费时，且需要多个部件进行固定，因此增加能量储存装置的成本和重量。
发明内容
本发明的目的是用尽可能少的耗费和少量的部件确保能量储存装置的可靠紧固。
这根据本发明以如下方式来实现，即，使得各电池单元在各压力板之间、于夹紧状态下由泡沫包封。这确保各电池单元用少量部件可靠紧固。通过在发泡期间使用各压力板，各压力板在塑料结构固化之后也不移除，各个电池单元牢固地固定在其位置。在已知能量储存装置的情况下，发泡主要在泡沫模具中进行，各泡沫模具至少部分地搁置在一个或几个电池单元上，使得各电池单元的区域在移除各泡沫模具之后露出。与此相反，在本发明中，每个单个电池单元整个被塑料结构围绕或与至少一个压力板直接接触，这进一步改进了由各电池单元形成的堆叠件或电池模块的刚度和机械稳定性。
较佳地规定，至少一个压力板且较佳地所有的压力板分别包括至少一个支承支架，至少一个支承支架尤其较佳地被引导穿过能量储存装置的外壁。支承支架允许能量储存装置牢固地紧固到车辆的各支承部件。
在本发明的节省部件的实施例中规定，支承支架与压力板一体布置，其中较佳地支承支架至少部分地由塑料结构围绕。支承支架与车辆螺纹连接在一起，以紧固能量储存装置。通过支承支架的泡沫的隔热包封可防止热桥接到外部。
在本发明的较佳实施例中，能量储存装置的外壁由围绕电池模块的壳体形成，其中由塑料结构填充的空间形成在壳体与电池模块之间。电池模块可在所有侧上与壳体间隔开。这确保良好的隔热。该壳体可形成用于各电池模块的保护性坚固外壳。
各电池单元的电单元极可从塑料结构突出。
该壳体可有利地布置成几个部分，并至少由一个底部和可放置在底部上的盖部组成，其中较佳地底部和盖部可填充有塑料结构。
但当能量储存装置的外壁由塑料结构(例如由一体泡沫)形成时可省略单独的壳体。各电池模块的液密覆罩由塑料结构的闭孔结构来确保，塑料结构较佳地由泡沫材料结构形成。
在本发明的范围内还可规定，每个电池单元本身以及还有每个电池模块分别由塑料结构围绕，其中较佳地，塑料结构围绕形成为袋装电池的各电池单元的焊缝。各电池单元还可布置为金属罐单元作为袋装单元的替代方式。在金属罐单元的情况下，每个电池单元由金属壳体围绕。
在本发明的进一步开发中还可规定，电缆、母线、至少一个冷却管线、至少一个排气管线、至少一个导热板和/或至少一个热传感器也可由泡沫包封。于是，高压电缆、低压电缆线束、母线、冷却管线、气体引导件、排气管线、导热板、控制装置和/或热传感器可通过塑料结构固定。
附图说明
以下将参照附图更详细地揭示本发明，附图中：
图1示出根据本发明的能量储存装置的斜视图；
图2示出去除了盖部分的能量储存装置的斜视图；
图3以侧视图示出该能量储存装置；
图4以斜视图示出能量储存装置的各电池单元；
图5以纵剖视图示出图4的各电池单元；
图6以侧视图示出该能量储存装置；
图7以沿图6的线VII–VII的剖视图示出能量储存装置；
图8以正视图示出该能量储存装置；
图9以沿图6的线IX–IX的剖视图示出能量储存装置；
图10以沿图8的线X–X的剖视图示出能量储存装置；以及
图11以俯视图示出该能量储存装置。
具体实施方式
如图中示出且由可充电电池形成的能量储存器1包括电池模块2，模块2具有板状电池单元4(袋装电池)的至少一个堆叠件3，各板状电池单元4彼此紧接布置并由各压力板5抵靠彼此挤压。各压力板5分别包括支承支架6，能量储存装置1可借助支承支架6紧固到车辆。能量储存装置1还可包括若干电池模块2，其中各相邻电池模块2可串联或并联地电连接在一起。
电池模块2以及各支承支架6被塑料结构7所围绕。此外，各电池单元4本身也可借助于塑料结构8单独地由泡沫包封，如图4和图5所示。
布置成袋装电池的各电池单元4的焊接边缘4”被塑料结构7、8所围绕，于是各电池单元4被机械固定且隔热和/或电绝缘。
各电池单元4在由泡沫包封之前被夹紧在各压力板5之间。各冷却管线可在由泡沫封围之前固定到各单元极4'，且随后整个电池模块2被泡沫包封。在由泡沫包封之后，塑料结构7、8应比可塑性变形更有弹性。
能量储存装置1的外壁1a在附图所示实施例中由多部分壳体9形成，多部分壳体9由底部9a和插在底部9a上的盖部9b组成。电池模块2与底部壳体9a之间的空间填充有泡沫并填充有塑料结构7。盖部9a也基本上填充有塑料结构7。
如图7、图8和图9所示，在壳体9上没有直接紧固点。各紧固点由各支承支架6形成，各支承支架6刚性地连接到各压力板5，并穿透能量储存装置1的外壁1a，即壳体9的底部9a。壳体9和电池模块2仅通过塑料结构7彼此连接。于是，对于壳体9内布置的所有部件，形成共同的支承结构。塑料结构7、8一方面保护各电池单元4且另一方面提供借助于各压力板5将能量储存装置1安装到机动车辆中的纵梁、横梁或其它部分的可能性。以刚性方式或可选地以可脱开方式将各支承支架6紧固到车辆。
如图4和图5所示，各电池单元4可用塑料结构8(例如泡沫)单独地包封-除了各整个电池模块2之外，从而抵消各电池单元4的循环引起的膨胀。
壳体9的盖部9b也由泡沫材料装填，以保护各电池单元4的电池电极4'并进行隔热，如图7所示。盖部9b内的塑料结构7的厚度可以变化，其中塑料结构7应当尽可能近地到达所安装的部件，以减少空气容积，并因此使冷凝物形成的可能性最小。盖部9b下方的空间可用于冷却各电池单元4。单元极和汇流条冷却可用例如空气进行，空气吹过该空间。各单元极4'和母线(busbar)的冷却也可通过液体冷却装置进行。
各种冷却剂馈送和排出管线10a、10b，电力缆线10c(低压和/或高压电缆)，母线，排气管线，导热板(为了在各电池单元之间更好地分配热量)，空气引导件，控制装置，热传感器等也可至少部分地由泡沫包封。用于单元排气的管线系统(未更详细示出)可在围绕各电池单元4的塑料结构7或在盖部9b内由泡沫包封。因此可避免电缆或管线松脱。冷却剂馈送和排出管线10a、10b可被引导通过例如外壁1a并从壳体9突出。
根据应用领域，壳体9可由塑料、铝或钢板制成。
能量储存装置1的特定形式实现为塑料结构7同时形成外壁1'，其中因此可省略单独的壳体9。塑料结构7随后能以预定层厚(例如2mm至5mm)施加到电池单元4的塑料结构8，以保护免受外部影响(喷水、老化等)，或其可提前被压制或成形为单独的部件，并随后能通过例如胶粘、以不可拆卸的方式连接到各单元与发泡材料之间已经存在的复合物。覆盖各单元极4'的盖部9b也可布置成无壳，并由塑料结构7构成。泡沫结构7应在此固化有致密表面。该实施例的优点在于，由于避免了单独的壳体壳而可节省成本和重量。
塑料结构7可布置成自支承方式，从而仅需要少量的保持材料集成到车辆中。
各保持点的形式和位置因此可变化，且独立于现有车辆底盘并较少依赖于车辆的纵梁或横梁的精确位置和布置。
由于能量储存装置1的显著的轻质结构，通过简化生产过程并通过减少复杂部件可明显增加能量密度并可显著降低生产成本。此外，电池的可靠性和各电池单元4的机械和化学保护通过塑料结构而显著改进。塑料结构7确保各电池单元的最佳隔热。塑料结构7将能量储存装置1内的气体容积排出到最少程度，因此显著降低冷凝的可能性。

Claims (21)

1.一种电能储存装置(1)，所述电能储存装置用于电动车辆，并且包括至少一个电池模块(2)，所述至少一个电池模块(2)具有多个彼此电气连接的电池单元(4)，在至少一个堆叠件(3)中，这些电池单元彼此相邻地或者彼此叠置地布置在至少两个压力板(5)之间，且其中至少一个电池单元(4)和/或电池模块(2)由塑料结构(7)围绕，其中，所述至少一个电池单元(4)在所述压力板(5)之间、于夹紧状态下由泡沫包封，其中，至少一个压力板(5)包括至少一个支承支架(6)。
2.如权利要求1所述的电能储存装置(1)，其特征在于，所有的压力板(5)分别包括至少一个支承支架(6)。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的电能储存装置(1)，其特征在于，所述支承支架(6)被引导穿过所述电能储存装置(1)的外壁(1a)。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的电能储存装置(1)，其特征在于，所述支承支架(6)与所述压力板(5)一体布置。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的电能储存装置(1)，其特征在于，所述支承支架(6)至少部分地由所述塑料结构(7)围绕。
6.如权利要求3所述的电能储存装置(1)，其特征在于，所述电能储存装置(1)的所述外壁(1a)由围绕所述电池模块(2)的壳体(9)形成，其中由所述塑料结构(7)填充的空间形成在所述电池模块(2)与所述壳体(9)之间。
7.如权利要求5所述的电能储存装置(1)，其特征在于，所述电池模块(2)在所有侧上与其壳体(9)间隔开。
8.如权利要求5所述的电能储存装置(1)，其特征在于，所述电池模块(2)的壳体(9)布置成几个部分，并至少由底部(9a)和可插入在所述底部(9a)上的盖部(9b)组成。
9.如权利要求3所述的电能储存装置(1)，其特征在于，所述电能储存装置(1)的所述外壁(1a)由所述塑料结构(7)形成。
10.如权利要求1或2所述的电能储存装置(1)，其特征在于，所述塑料结构由泡沫材料结构形成。
11.如权利要求1或2所述的电能储存装置(1)，其特征在于，所述塑料结构具有闭孔结构。
12.如权利要求1或2所述的电能储存装置(1)，其特征在于，每个电池单元(4)本身且还有每个电池模块(2)由塑料结构围绕。
13.如权利要求1或2所述的电能储存装置(1)，其特征在于，各电单元极(4')从所述塑料结构突出。
14.如权利要求1或2所述的电能储存装置(1)，其特征在于，各所述电池单元(4)布置为袋装单元，其中所述塑料结构围绕所述袋装电池的焊缝(4”)。
15.如权利要求1或2所述的电能储存装置(1)，其特征在于，各所述电池单元(4)布置为金属罐单元。
16.如权利要求1或2所述的电能储存装置(1)，其特征在于，电缆(10c)、母线、至少一个冷却管线(10a,10b)、至少一个空气引导件、至少一个排气管线、至少一个导热板、至少一个控制装置和/或至少一个热传感器也由泡沫包封并由所述塑料结构(7)围绕。
17.如权利要求8所述的电能储存装置(1)，其特征在于，所述盖部(9b)与所述底部(9a)之间形成用于空气冷却的空气引导的至少一个空间。
18.如权利要求6所述的电能储存装置(1)，其特征在于，所述壳体(9)由铝、钢板或塑料构成。
19.如权利要求11所述的电能储存装置(1)，其特征在于，所述塑料结构以隔热方式布置。
20.如权利要求8所述的电能储存装置(1)，其特征在于，用所述塑料结构(7)填充所述底部(9a)和所述盖部(9b)。
21.如权利要求1所述的电能储存装置(1)，其特征在于，所述电池单元(4)是平坦的且板状的。
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