CN104653730A - 用于车辆的混合动力系 - Google Patents

用于车辆的混合动力系 Download PDF

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CN104653730A
CN104653730A CN201410233840.2A CN201410233840A CN104653730A CN 104653730 A CN104653730 A CN 104653730A CN 201410233840 A CN201410233840 A CN 201410233840A CN 104653730 A CN104653730 A CN 104653730A
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gear
output shaft
motor
described output
engine
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CN104653730B (zh
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朴钟闰
金敬夏
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Hyundai Motor Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/442—Series-parallel switching type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K2006/541—Transmission for changing ratio without reverse ratio using instead electric reversing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/093—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts
    • F16H2003/0938—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts with multiple gears on the input shaft directly meshing with respective gears on the output shaft
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于车辆的混合动力系，其可以包括输入轴、发动机侧驱动齿轮、输出轴、发动机侧从动齿轮、电动机侧驱动齿轮、电动机侧从动齿轮、输出齿轮、单向离合器、离合器设备以及行星齿轮装置，其中，所述发动机侧驱动齿轮安装在输入轴处；所述发动机侧从动齿轮固定地安装在输出轴处并且与发动机侧驱动齿轮啮合；所述电动机侧驱动齿轮安装为通过电动机旋转；所述电动机侧从动齿轮固定地安装在输出轴处并且与电动机侧驱动齿轮啮合；所述输出齿轮旋转地安装在输出轴处；所述单向离合器安装在输出齿轮和输出轴之间；所述离合器设备安装在输出轴上；所述行星齿轮装置接合在输出轴和输出齿轮之间。

Description

用于车辆的混合动力系
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于车辆的混合动力系，更具体而言，涉及一种能够提供作为来自为内燃发动机的发动机和使用电力驱动的电动机的动力输出的车辆的驱动力的用于车辆的动力系的技术。
背景技术
为了通过适当地且协调地操作由为内燃发动机的发动机产生的动力和由使用电力驱动的电动机产生的动力而驱动车辆，混合动力系主要应用发动机的转矩特性和电动机的转矩特性的互补方面以便改进车辆的驱动效率。
因此，根据相关技术的混合动力系实现了EV模式，该EV模式通过在车辆起动时或在低速状态下允许主要由电动机驱动车辆而应用了具有较好的低速转矩特性的电动机的特性；实现了发动机模式，该发动机模式允许具有相对较好的转矩特性的发动机在中速或高速状态下驱动车辆；并且实现了混合模式，该混合模式可以在要求高转矩的驱动条件下应用发动机和电动机的转矩。
如果可能的话，在车辆中使用的混合动力系可以通过简单的构造实现用于每个模式的多个变速档位，同时通过最大地应用如上所述的发动机和电动机的转矩特性而实现各种驱动模式。
公开于本发明背景部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本发明的总体背景的理解，而不应当被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已为本领域技术人员所公知的现有技术。
发明内容
本发明的各个方面致力于提供一种用于车辆的混合动力系，通过最大限度地利用发动机和电动机的转矩特性来实现各个驱动模式并且利用简单的构造实现用于每个模式的多个变速档位(如果可能的话)，所述混合动力系能够改进车辆的效率并且改进车辆的燃料效率。
在本发明的一个方面中，用于车辆的混合动力系可以包括：输入轴、发动机侧驱动齿轮、输出轴、发动机侧从动齿轮、电动机侧驱动齿轮、电动机侧从动齿轮、输出齿轮、单向离合器、离合器设备以及行星齿轮装置，其中，所述输入轴选择性地从发动机接收动力；所述发动机侧驱动齿轮安装在所述输入轴处；所述输出轴设置为平行于所述输入轴；所述发动机侧从动齿轮固定地安装在所述输出轴处并且与所述发动机侧驱动齿轮啮合；所述电动机侧驱动齿轮安装为形成与所述输入轴同心的轴并且安装为通过电动机旋转；所述电动机侧从动齿轮固定地安装在所述输出轴处并且与所述电动机侧驱动齿轮啮合；所述输出齿轮旋转地安装在所述输出轴处；所述单向离合器安装在所述输出齿轮和所述输出轴之间，以便在前向驱动车辆时将来自所述输出轴的动力仅传递到所述输出齿轮；所述离合器设备安装在所述输出轴上并且在反向驱动车辆时将来自所述输出轴的动力传递到所述输出齿轮；所述行星齿轮装置接合在所述输出轴和所述输出齿轮之间。
在所述行星齿轮装置中，架直接连接到所述输出轴，环形齿轮直接连接到所述输出齿轮，以及太阳齿轮固定地安装在所述输出轴处同时形成同心的轴，其中所述行星齿轮装置设置有制动器以便选择性地固定所述太阳齿轮的旋转。
所述离合器设备由爪形离合器形成，所述爪形离合器配置为转换所述输出齿轮固定到所述输出轴和从所述输出轴解锁的状态。
所述离合器设备由同步啮合型同步机构形成，所述同步啮合型同步机构转换使所述输出齿轮固定到所述输出轴和从所述输出轴解锁的状态。
所述发动机侧驱动齿轮可以具有大于所述发动机侧从动齿轮的直径的直径，其中所述电动机侧驱动齿轮可以具有小于所述电动机侧从动齿轮的直径的直径。
发动机离合器安装在所述输入轴和所述发动机的发动机旋转轴之间以选择性地限制到所述输入轴的动力。
所述混合动力系可以进一步包括驱动齿轮、从动齿轮以及空转轴，其中，所述驱动齿轮安装在所述发动机旋转轴处；所述从动齿轮旋转地安装在所述发动机旋转轴处同时形成同心的轴并且连接发电机以旋转所述发电机；所述空转轴设置为平行于所述发动机旋转轴，其中所述空转轴连接到与所述驱动齿轮啮合的第一中间齿轮并且连接到与用于动力生成的所述从动齿轮啮合的第二中间齿轮。
通过纳入本文的附图以及随后与附图一起用于说明本发明的某些原理的具体实施方式，本发明的方法和装置所具有的其它特征和优点将更为具体地变得清楚或得以阐明。
附图说明
图1为示出根据本发明的示例性实施方案的用于车辆的混合动力系的视图。
图2为示出在图1的示例性实施方案中的发动机模式1-速度状态的视图。
图3为示出在图1的示例性实施方案中的发动机模式2-速度状态的视图。
图4为示出在图1的示例性实施方案中的EV模式1-速度状态的视图。
图5为示出在图1的示例性实施方案中的EV模式2-速度状态的视图。
图6为示出在图1的示例性实施方案中的并行模式1-速度状态的视图。
图7为示出在图1的示例性实施方案中的并行模式2-速度状态的视图。
图8为示出在图1的示例性实施方案中的串行模式1-速度状态的视图。
图9为示出在图1的示例性实施方案中的串行模式2-速度状态的视图。
应当了解，所附附图并非按比例地显示了本发明的基本原理的图示性的各种特征的略微简化的画法。本文所公开的本发明的具体设计特征包括例如具体尺寸、方向、位置和外形将部分地由具体所要应用和使用的环境来确定。
在这些图形中，贯穿附图的多幅图形，附图标记引用本发明的同样的或等同的部件。
具体实施方式
下面将详细说明本发明的不同实施方案，在附图中和以下的描述中示出了这些实施方案的实例。虽然本发明与示例性实施方案相结合进行描述，但是应当了解，本说明书并非旨在将本发明限制为那些示例性实施方案。相反，本发明旨在不但覆盖这些示例性实施方案，而且覆盖可以被包括在由所附权利要求所限定的本发明的精神和范围之内的各种替换、修改、等效形式以及其它实施方案。
参照图1，根据本发明的示例性实施方案的用于车辆的混合动力系配置为包括：输入轴IN、发动机侧驱动齿轮1、输出轴OUT、发动机侧从动齿轮3、电动机侧驱动齿轮5、电动机侧从动齿轮7、输出齿轮9、单向离合器25、离合器设备CL以及行星齿轮装置PG，其中，输入轴IN安装为选择性地从发动机接收动力，发动机侧驱动齿轮1配置为安装在输入轴IN处，输出轴OUT配置为与输入轴IN平行地设置，发动机侧从动齿轮3配置为固定地安装在输出轴OUT处以便与发动机侧驱动齿轮1啮合，电动机侧驱动齿轮5安装为形成与输入轴IN同心的轴并且安装为通过电动机M旋转，电动机侧从动齿轮7配置为固定地安装在输出轴OUT处以便与电动机侧驱动齿轮5啮合，输出齿轮9配置为可旋转地安装在输出轴OUT处，单向离合器25配置为安装在输出齿轮9和输出轴OUT之间以便在前向驱动车辆时将来自输出轴OUT的动力仅传递到输出齿轮9，离合器设备CL配置为在反向驱动车辆时将来自输出轴OUT的动力传递到输出齿轮9，行星齿轮装置PG安装为连接在输出轴OUT和输出齿轮9之间。
也即，通过输入轴IN从发动机E提供到输出轴OUT的动力和从电动机M提供到输出轴OUT的动力通过输出齿轮得以提取，并且当单向离合器25和行星齿轮装置PG安装在输出轴OUT和输出齿轮9之间以将输出轴OUT的动力转换为两个档位并将已转换的输出提取到输出齿轮9，以便实现用于每个模式的两档变速档位，从而可以通过简单的构造来适当地使用取决于车辆的驱动状态的每个模式的每个变速档位而实现用于每个模式的多个变速档位，因而改进了车辆的燃料效率。
在行星齿轮装置PG中，架C直接连接到输出轴OUT，环形齿轮R直接连接到输出齿轮9，以及太阳齿轮S固定地安装在输出轴OUT处同时形成同心的轴，并且行星齿轮装置PG设置有制动器BK以固定太阳齿轮S的旋转。
因此，在前向驱动车辆时，在制动器BK解锁的状态下，实现了通过单向离合器25实现了将来自输出轴OUT的动力直接提取到输出齿轮9的一个档位，并且在制动器BK锁定的状态下，将来自输出轴OUT的动力供应到架C，通过环形齿轮R增强，并且然后提取到输出齿轮9。此外，在这种情况下，单向离合器25允许输出齿轮9以比输出轴OUT更快的速度旋转。
同时，如上所述，设置离合器设备(CL)以便在上面提及的动力系中实现反向驱动，其中离合器设备CL可以由爪形离合器形成，该爪形离合器配置为转换输出齿轮9固定到输出轴OUT或从输出轴OUT解锁的状态。
此外，离合器设备CL可以由同步啮合型同步机构形成，该同步啮合型同步机构配置为转换输出齿轮9固定到输出轴OUT或从输出轴OUT解锁的状态。
然而，根据所需零件数量或成本，使用爪形离合器作为离合器设备CL是有利的，并且为了实现反向档位，由于在车辆停止的状态下输出齿轮9连接到输出轴OUT，因此即使离合器设备CL不是由同步啮合型同步机构形成而是由爪形离合器形成，离合器设备CL也不会导致操作问题。
通过如上所述地锁定离合器设备CL而不管单向离合器25，通过将动力在反向方向上从输出轴OUT提供到输出齿轮9而实现反向档位。在该情况下，制动器BK处于解锁状态下，并且通过反向旋转电动机M而产生的动力反向旋转输出齿轮9而形成反向档位。
同时，发动机侧驱动齿轮1具有大于发动机侧从动齿轮3的直径的直径，电动机侧驱动齿轮5具有小于电动机侧从动齿轮7的直径的直径，从而当车辆由发动机E驱动时，来自发动机E的动力在超速传动状态下传递到驱动轮以便在高速行驶车辆时主要使用发动机，并且当车辆由电动机M驱动时，来自电动机的动力降低来增加转矩以便被输出，因而使得电动机能够对于低速性能可靠。因此，发动机和电动机的转矩特性互补地工作，从而改进了车辆的燃料效率。
发动机离合器11安装在输入轴IN和发动机旋转轴13之间以限制到输入轴IN的动力。
此外，根据本发明的示例性实施方案，用于车辆的混合动力系进一步包括：用于动力生成的驱动齿轮15、用于动力生成的从动齿轮17以及空转轴23，其中，用于动力生成的驱动齿轮15配置为安装在发动机旋转轴13处，用于动力生成的从动齿轮17配置为旋转地安装在发动机旋转轴13处同时形成同心的轴并且被连接以旋转发电机G，空转轴23配置为包括第一中间齿轮19以及第二中间齿轮21，第一中间齿轮19设置为平行于发动机旋转轴13并且与用于动力生成的驱动齿轮15啮合，第二中间齿轮21与用于动力生成的从动齿轮17啮合，从而发电机G可以通过来自发动机的动力持续产生电力。
如上所述，由发电机G产生的电力存储在电池中并且来自电池的电力可以供应到电动机M。
图2和图3示出了根据本发明的示例性实施方案的发动机模式，并且图2的发动机模式1速度通过锁定发动机离合器11并且解锁制动器BK得以实现。
在该状态下，来自发动机E的动力通过输入轴IN经由发动机侧驱动齿轮1和发动机侧从动齿轮3而传递到输出轴OUT，并且来自输出轴OUT的动力通过单向离合器25传递到输出齿轮9，从而实现了提取发动机模式1速度的输出的状态。
在发动机模式1速度状态下，在行星齿轮装置PG中输出轴OUT的旋转动力依赖于制动器BK的锁定而得以增加以驱动输出齿轮9，从而实现了图3的发动机模式2速度。
图4和图5示出了EV模式，并且图4的EV模式1速度使通过驱动电动机而产生的动力通过电动机侧驱动齿轮5和电动机侧从动齿轮7而传递到输出轴OUT，并且通过单向离合器25将来自输出轴OUT的动力提取到输出齿轮9。在这种情况下，发动机离合器11处于解锁状态下。
在行星齿轮装置PG中从电动机M传递到输出轴OUT的动力依赖于太阳齿轮S到制动器BK的固定而得以增加以提取到输出齿轮9，从而实现了图5的EV模式2速度。
图6和图7示出了作为混合模式中的一个的并行模式，其中图6示出了并行模式1速度。在这种情况下，发动机和电动机两者在发动机离合器11联接的状态下被驱动，并因此来自发动机和电动机两者的动力在输出轴OUT处叠加并且动力通过单向离合器25被提取到输出齿轮9。
图7示出了并行模式2速度状态，并且由于在图6的状态下制动器BK被锁定，因此在输出轴OUT处叠加的来自发动机和电动机的动力通过经由架C和环形齿轮R而得以增加并因此被提取到输出齿轮9。
图8和图9示出了作为混合模式中的一个的串行模式，其中图8示出了串行模式1速度。在这种情况下，在发动机离合器11解锁的状态下驱动发动机，以使来自发动机的动力驱动发电机以产生电力并且将产生的电力提供到电池，并且通过从电池提供的电力驱动电动机，以使来自电动机的动力从输出轴OUT通过单向离合器25提取到输出齿轮9。
图9示出了串行模式2速度，并且在图8的状态下，在行星齿轮装置PG中，从电动机提供到输出轴OUT的动力在操作制动器BK的状态下得以增加并且被提取到输出齿轮9，从而实现了2速度输出状态。
用作参考，在图2至图9中指示的箭头线指示主动力流。
根据本发明的示例性实施方案的用于车辆的混合动力系，通过最大限度地利用发动机和电动机的转矩特性来实现各个驱动模式并且利用简单的构造实现用于每个模式的多个变速档位(如果可能的话)，可以改进车辆的效率并且改进车辆的燃料效率。
为了方便解释和精确限定所附权利要求，术语“上”、“下”、“内”和“外”被用于参考附图中所显示的这些特征的位置来描述示例性实施方案的特征。
前面对本发明具体示例性实施方案所呈现的描述是出于说明和描述的目的。前面的描述并不想要成为毫无遗漏的，也不是想要把本发明限制为所公开的精确形式，显然，根据上述教导很多改变和变化都是可能的。选择示例性实施方案并进行描述是为了解释本发明的特定原理及其实际应用，从而使得本领域的其它技术人员能够实现并利用本发明的各种示例性实施方案及其不同选择形式和修改形式。本发明的范围意在由所附权利要求书及其等价形式所限定。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于车辆的混合动力系，包括：
输入轴，所述输入轴选择性地从发动机接收动力；
发动机侧驱动齿轮，所述发动机侧驱动齿轮安装在所述输入轴处；
输出轴，所述输出轴设置为平行于所述输入轴；
发动机侧从动齿轮，所述发动机侧从动齿轮固定地安装在所述输出轴处并且与所述发动机侧驱动齿轮啮合；
电动机侧驱动齿轮，所述电动机侧驱动齿轮安装为形成与所述输入轴同心的轴并且安装为通过电动机旋转；
电动机侧从动齿轮，所述电动机侧从动齿轮固定地安装在所述输出轴处并且与所述电动机侧驱动齿轮啮合；
输出齿轮，所述输出齿轮旋转地安装在所述输出轴处；
单向离合器，所述单向离合器安装在所述输出齿轮和所述输出轴之间，以便在前向驱动车辆时将来自所述输出轴的动力仅传递到所述输出齿轮；
离合器设备，所述离合器设备安装在所述输出轴上并且在反向驱动车辆时将来自所述输出轴的动力传递到所述输出齿轮；以及
行星齿轮装置，所述行星齿轮装置接合在所述输出轴和所述输出齿轮之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于车辆的混合动力系，
其中在所述行星齿轮装置中，架直接连接到所述输出轴，环形齿轮直接连接到所述输出齿轮，以及太阳齿轮固定地安装在所述输出轴处同时形成同心的轴，以及
其中所述行星齿轮装置设置有制动器以便选择性地固定所述太阳齿轮的旋转。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于车辆的混合动力系，其中所述离合器设备由爪形离合器形成，所述爪形离合器配置为转换所述输出齿轮固定到所述输出轴和从所述输出轴解锁的状态。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于车辆的混合动力系，其中所述离合器设备由同步啮合型同步机构形成，所述同步啮合型同步机构转换所述输出齿轮固定到所述输出轴和从所述输出轴解锁的状态。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于车辆的混合动力系，
其中所述发动机侧驱动齿轮具有大于所述发动机侧从动齿轮的直径的直径，以及
其中所述电动机侧驱动齿轮具有小于所述电动机侧从动齿轮的直径的直径。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用于车辆的混合动力系，其中发动机离合器安装在所述输入轴和所述发动机的发动机旋转轴之间以选择性地限制到所述输入轴的动力。
7.根据权利要求6所述的用于车辆的混合动力系，进一步包括：
驱动齿轮，所述驱动齿轮安装在所述发动机旋转轴处；
从动齿轮，所述从动齿轮旋转地安装在所述发动机旋转轴处同时形成同心的轴并且连接发电机以旋转所述发电机，以及
空转轴，所述空转轴设置为平行于所述发动机旋转轴，其中所述空转轴连接到与所述驱动齿轮啮合的第一中间齿轮并且连接到与用于动力生成的所述从动齿轮啮合的第二中间齿轮。
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