CN104621641A - 一种苹果汁及其加工方法 - Google Patents
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- A23L2/04—Extraction of juices
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- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
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Abstract
一种苹果汁,其原料有苹果、柠檬酸、蜂蜜和安赛蜜等。其特点是,澄清透明,无沉淀物,无悬浮物,可溶性固形物含量4%~5%,pH值3.8~4.8,食品添加剂符合GB2760规定。采用果胶酶处理,提高出汁率,苹果出汁率最高为94.81%,与未经果胶酶处理的苹果相比,其出汁率提高了15.66%。采用明胶处理提高苹果汁澄清效果,苹果透光率最高为94.63%,与未经明胶处理的苹果汁相比,其透光率提高了68.44%。加工方法简单可行,因此成本低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种苹果汁及其加工方法,属于食品加工技术领域。
背景技术
苹果具有低蛋白、低脂肪性,又含有丰富的维生素和矿物质,因而被人们所喜爱。据研究所得,每100g苹果中,含有蛋白质0.4g,脂肪0.5g,热量58Kcarl,1个苹果中含有类黄酮约30毫克以上,苹果中含有15%的碳水化合物及果胶,维生素A、C、E及钾和抗氧化剂等含量也很丰富。新鲜的苹果营养丰富,但组织柔软,含水分较多,易因各种微生物寄生和物理化学因素的影响而败坏变质。所以通常利用工具把苹果榨成汁,这样既可以保留大部分的营养成分又可以进行长期的保存和远距离的运输。
中国的苹果汁行业属于朝阳产业。在中国加入WTO后,苹果汁是中国农副产品加工在国际市场上具有绝对竞争力之一的产品,也是中国食品产业中最有希望做成世界范围内最大、最强的细分行业之一。丰富的苹果资源和低廉的劳动力成本使中国苹果汁极具竞争优势。据专家推测,到2020年,全球果汁及碳酸饮料将增至730亿升,未来产品品质及创新是饮料企业获利的关键。据商务部外贸司副司长霍建国表示,发达国家对健康营养饮品需求的不断增长,以及发展中国家潜在的巨大消费市场,将极大地拉动苹果汁消费量的增长,与此同时,我国国内市场消费也在不断增长。未来几年,我国苹果汁将面临新的发展机遇,国际市场前景仍然看好。
在现有专利技术中,报道了几种以苹果为原料制作苹果汁的产品及方法,例如,李树君等在申请号为201110175088.7的专利中公开涉及一种苹果汁及其制备方法,其是由预加工步骤、苹果榨汁步骤、苹果原汁调配步骤、苹果汁均质及真空脱气步骤、苹果汁灌装密封步骤和苹果汁超高压杀菌步骤构成。但上述公开技术存在以下缺陷:在制备苹果汁之前未对优良苹果品种进行筛选,应挑选适宜苹果汁加工的苹果品种,可使加工后苹果汁具有良好品质;在苹果汁榨汁步骤中,采用的传统榨汁方式,未涉及到通过果胶酶的使用以提高榨汁率、澄清的作用。李晓昭在申请号为201310171044.6的专利中公开涉及一种苹果汁加工方法,方法包括选果、清洗、修整、破碎、榨汁、加热、匀汁、澄清过滤、调和、灌装和密封杀菌。制备过程中,苹果汁多次处于高温环境,苹果具有热敏性,热加工极易造成苹果汁发生褐变、风味损失和营养物质损失,降低苹果汁品质。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题一是提出一种具有原料苹果滋味和香气,酸甜适口的苹果汁,二是提出一种苹果汁的加工方法。
本发明所要解决的技术问题是通过以下的技术方案实现的。本发明是一种苹果汁,其原料有苹果、柠檬酸、蜂蜜和安赛蜜等。其特点是,澄清透明,无沉淀物,无悬浮物,可溶性固形物含量4%~5%,pH值3.8~4.8,食品添加剂符合GB2760规定。
本发明所要解决的另一技术问题是通过以下的技术方案实现的。本发明是一种苹果汁的加工方法,其特点是:
(1) 原料选择:考察了王林、黄香蕉、红香蕉、短枝红星、长枝红星、富士等6种苹果的果肉色度、果肉硬度、果皮硬度、果汁浊度、果汁稳定系数和果汁理化指标等参数,分析并确定富士苹果为适合用于苹果汁制作的苹果品种;选择成熟适中、新鲜完好的富士苹果用0.5%-1%的稀盐酸或0.1-0.2%的洗涤剂浸洗,然后再用清水强力喷淋冲洗;
(2) 破碎:用打浆机将苹果粉碎,颗粒大小要一致,破碎要适度。破碎后用碎浆机进行处理,使颗粒微细,提高榨汁率;
(3) 榨汁:加入果胶酶用量0.14%,酶解时间100min,酶解温度50℃,调整酶解pH值3.5,进行榨汁,同时添加0.02%的抗坏血酸和0.04%的氯化钠护色;
(4) 灭酶,冷却:在85℃下灭酶,然后迅速冷却到37℃;
(5) 离心:在3000rpm转速下离心20分钟;
(6) 过滤和澄清:用孔径0.5 毫米的筛网进行粗滤,使不溶性固形物含量下降到20%以下。再加入明胶促使胶体凝聚,达到果汁澄清的目的,明胶用量1uL/mL,作用时间2h,作用pH值4.5。澄清处理后的苹果汁,采用需要添加助滤剂的硅藻土过滤机进行过滤;
(7) 调配(成分调整)。加糖、加酸使果汁的糖酸比维持在18:1--20:1,成品的糖度为12%,酸度为0.35 %。天然苹果汁中的可溶性固形物含量为15%--16%;
(8) 脱气:采用真空脱气法,一般是在80kPa~93 kPa的真空度和 40℃左右条件下进行脱气;
(9) 杀菌:将果汁迅速加热到90℃以上,维持几秒钟时间,以达到高温瞬时杀菌目的;
(10) 装罐:将经过杀菌的果汁迅速装入消毒过的玻璃瓶或马口铁罐内,趁热密封。密封后迅速冷却至38℃,以免破坏果汁的营养成分。
本发明的有益效果是,采用果胶酶处理,提高出汁率,苹果出汁率最高为94.81%,与未经果胶酶处理的苹果相比,其出汁率提高了15.66%。采用明胶处理提高苹果汁澄清效果,苹果透光率最高为94.63%,与未经明胶处理的苹果汁相比,其透光率提高了68.44%。本发明的另一有益效果为,加工方法简单可行,因此成本低。本发明加工过程利用高温瞬时灭菌,使所得苹果汁可保持苹果特有的风味。
具体实施方式
实施例1。一种苹果汁,其原料有苹果、柠檬酸、蜂蜜和安赛蜜等。其特点是,澄清透明,无沉淀物,无悬浮物,可溶性固形物含量4%~5%,pH值3.8~4.8,食品添加剂符合GB2760规定。
实施例2。一种苹果汁的加工方法。
(1) 原料选择:考察了王林、黄香蕉、红香蕉、短枝红星、长枝红星、富士等6种苹果的果肉色度、果肉硬度、果皮硬度、果汁浊度、果汁稳定系数和果汁理化指标等参数,分析并确定富士苹果为适合用于苹果汁制作的苹果品种;选择成熟适中、新鲜完好的富士苹果用0.5%-1%的稀盐酸或0.1-0.2%的洗涤剂浸洗,然后再用清水强力喷淋冲洗;
(2) 破碎:用打浆机将苹果粉碎,颗粒大小要一致,破碎要适度;
破碎后用碎浆机进行处理,使颗粒微细,提高榨汁率;
(3) 榨汁:加入果胶酶用量0.14%,酶解时间100min,酶解温度50℃,调整酶解pH值3.5,进行榨汁,同时添加0.02%的抗坏血酸和0.04%的氯化钠护色;
(4) 灭酶,冷却:在85℃下灭酶,然后迅速冷却到37℃;
(5) 离心:在3000rpm转速下离心20分钟;
(6) 过滤和澄清:用孔径0.5 毫米的筛网进行粗滤,使不溶性固形物含量下降到20%以下;
再加入明胶促使胶体凝聚,达到果汁澄清的目的,明胶用量1uL/mL,作用时间2h,作用pH值4.5;
澄清处理后的苹果汁,采用需要添加助滤剂的硅藻土过滤机进行过滤;
(7) 调配(成分调整);
加糖、加酸使果汁的糖酸比维持在19:1,成品的糖度为12%,酸度为0.35 %;
天然苹果汁中的可溶性固形物含量为15%;
(8) 脱气:采用真空脱气法,一般是在85kPa的真空度和 40℃条件下进行脱气;
(9) 杀菌:将果汁迅速加热到90℃以上,维持几秒钟时间,以达到高温瞬时杀菌目的;
(10) 装罐:将经过杀菌的果汁迅速装入消毒过的玻璃瓶或马口铁罐内,趁热密封;
密封后迅速冷却至38℃,以免破坏果汁的营养成分。
Claims (2)
1.一种苹果汁,其原料有苹果、柠檬酸、蜂蜜和安赛蜜等;其特点是,澄清透明,无沉淀物,无悬浮物,可溶性固形物含量4%~5%,pH值3.8~4.8,食品添加剂符合GB2760规定。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种苹果汁的加工方法,其特征在于,
(1) 原料选择:考察了王林、黄香蕉、红香蕉、短枝红星、长枝红星、富士等6种苹果的果肉色度、果肉硬度、果皮硬度、果汁浊度、果汁稳定系数和果汁理化指标等参数,分析并确定富士苹果为适合用于苹果汁制作的苹果品种;选择成熟适中、新鲜完好的富士苹果用0.5%-1%的稀盐酸或0.1-0.2%的洗涤剂浸洗,然后再用清水强力喷淋冲洗;
(2) 破碎:用打浆机将苹果粉碎,颗粒大小要一致,破碎要适度;破碎后用碎浆机进行处理,使颗粒微细,提高榨汁率;
(3) 榨汁:加入果胶酶用量0.14%,酶解时间100min,酶解温度50℃,调整酶解pH值3.5,进行榨汁,同时添加0.02%的抗坏血酸和0.04%的氯化钠护色;
(4) 灭酶,冷却:在85℃下灭酶,然后迅速冷却到37℃;
(5) 离心:在3000rpm转速下离心20分钟;
(6) 过滤和澄清:用孔径0.5 毫米的筛网进行粗滤,使不溶性固形物含量下降到20%以下;再加入明胶促使胶体凝聚,达到果汁澄清的目的,明胶用量1uL/mL,作用时间2h,作用pH值4.5;澄清处理后的苹果汁,采用需要添加助滤剂的硅藻土过滤机进行过滤;
(7) 调配(成分调整);加糖、加酸使果汁的糖酸比维持在19:1,成品的糖度为12%,酸度为0.35 %;天然苹果汁中的可溶性固形物含量为15%;
(8) 脱气:采用真空脱气法,一般是在85kPa的真空度和 40℃条件下进行脱气;
(9) 杀菌:将果汁迅速加热到90℃以上,维持几秒钟时间,以达到高温瞬时杀菌目的;
(10) 装罐:将经过杀菌的果汁迅速装入消毒过的玻璃瓶或马口铁罐内,趁热密封;密封后迅速冷却至38℃,以免破坏果汁的营养成分。
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