CN104620834A - Selenium-enriched cultivation method for leading romaine lettuce - Google Patents
Selenium-enriched cultivation method for leading romaine lettuce Download PDFInfo
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- CN104620834A CN104620834A CN201510090107.4A CN201510090107A CN104620834A CN 104620834 A CN104620834 A CN 104620834A CN 201510090107 A CN201510090107 A CN 201510090107A CN 104620834 A CN104620834 A CN 104620834A
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- selenium
- field planting
- cultivation
- bile ingredients
- soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
Abstract
The invention discloses a selenium-enriched cultivation method for leading romaine lettuce. The selenium-enriched cultivation method includes the steps of variety selection, seedling cultivation, field planting, field management, selenium-enriched fertilizer applying and harvesting. Selenium-enriched fertilizer is applied on leaf surfaces in the step of selenium-enriched fertilizer; in the step of harvesting, harvesting time is controlled to be 12-18 days, the leading romaine lettuce is cultivated in selenium-lacking cultivation soil of 0.25mg/kg in total selenium content, and selenium-enriched leading romaine lettuce with total selenium content of 15-90ug/kg in total selenium content and with inorganic selenium content smaller than 10ug/mg. The selenium-enriched cultivation method is simple, convenient, efficient, safe, low in cost, simple in operation, high in generalizability and wide in application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation field of bile ingredients, particularly relate to a kind of method at the rich selenium bile ingredients of scarce selenium grown on soil.
Background technology
Romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa.L.) belongs to composite family Lactuca lettuce kind leaf type, formal name used at school Leaf lettuce.Wherein be rich in the mineral nutrition such as iron and magnesium, and containing elements such as potassium, calcium, phosphorus, sulphur, having very high nutritive value, is one of worldwide green vegetable.Bile ingredients growth is rapid, mouthfeel is good, be of high nutritive value, plant economic benefit obviously, and comparatively loose leaf romaine lettuce moisture is higher, and mouthfeel is better, and processing quality is better, as a kind of emerging leafy vegetable, extensively plants at home.
Selenium (Se) is a kind of trace element, and molecular weight is 78.96, is positioned at VIA race in the periodic table of chemical element, and chemical property is similar to element sulphur of the same clan.Current prevailing paradigm is thought, selenium appropriate in diet is kept fit to human body and had important function.First, selenium plays irreplaceable effect in the oxidation resistance improving human body.In addition, selenium also has anticancer, liver protecting, in conjunction with the important physiological function such as heavy metal, prevention and cure of cardiovascular disease.Meanwhile, the important origin cause of formation of selenium or mankind's Kaschin-Beck disease, Keshan disease is lacked.
1973, the World Health Organization (WHO) determined that selenium is necessity trace element of humans and animals vital movement, and rear recommendation adult selenium intake every day should reach 50-200 μ g/ days, and maximum intake is no more than 400 μ g/ days.1991, specify in the GB13105-91 selenium in food tolerance limit that China promulgates, grain≤300 μ g/kg, bean product≤300 μ g/kg, vegetables≤100 μ g/kg, fruit≤50 μ g/kg, eggs≤500 μ g/kg, meat (livestock and poultry)≤500 μ g/kg, fish≤500 μ g/kg, fresh milk≤30 μ g/kg.
Selenium plays an important role to plant growth, health as important trace element.But inorganic selenium can not directly absorbed by the bodyly utilize.And plant is by transforming, the inorganic selenium in natural environment can be changed into Organic Selenium.Therefore, plant, as important selenium conversion person, is the important sources that mankind's selenium is taken in.
But except the minority areas such as enshi, the Bashan Mountain, Shaanxi, Yichuan find high-Se soil, the scarce selenium soil erosion of China reaches 72%.Its people still can not reach recommendation to the intake of this useful trace element of selenium.Therefore, the romaine lettuce that how plantation of high-efficiency high-quality safety goes out rich selenium on scarce selenium soil is the problem needing to solve.
Summary of the invention
Based on the problem existing for above-mentioned prior art, the invention provides a kind of selenium-enriching cultivation method of bile ingredients, on scarce selenium soil, the plantation of high-efficiency high-quality safety can go out the romaine lettuce of rich selenium.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of selenium-enriching cultivation method of bile ingredients, comprising:
(1) Fruit variety: different according to planting season, selects the bile ingredients kind being applicable to this season cultivation;
(2) nursery: by the sowing quantity in unit cultivation soil, utilize matrix to carry out nursery to the bile ingredients seed that described Fruit variety step is chosen, seedling raise period is 4 ~ 6 days, and nursery temperature is 16 ~ 20 DEG C;
(3) field planting: the seedling age obtained described nursery step is 30-35 days, the seedling with 5-6 sheet true leaf carries out field planting, processes before field planting to cultivation soil, and the soil in cultivation soil is the scarce selenium soil of total Se content 0.25mg/kg, when ground temperature is stabilized in more than 8 DEG C, start field planting, the seeding row spacing of field planting is 25cm, and "the" shape duplicate rows is cultivated, native mulch is with during field planting, the depth of planting, for not bury lobus cardiacus, waters field planting water on time, and controlling cultivation day temperature is 12 ~ 22 DEG C;
(4) field management: the romaine lettuce seedling after described field planting to be watered, temperature control and weeding process;
(5) rich selenium is executed fertile: after described field planting 30 ~ 40 days, when romaine lettuce balling reaches 7 ~ 8cm, foliage-spray selenium-enriched fertilizer;
(6) gather: described in execute rich selenium fertilizer after within 12 ~ 18 days, carry out gathering that to obtain total Se content be 15 ~ 90 μ g/kg, inorganic selenium content is less than the bile ingredients of 10 μ g/kg, namely completes the selenium-enriching cultivation of bile ingredients.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: by Fruit variety, nursery, field planting, field management, execute the fertile and step such as to gather of rich selenium, particularly execute the fertile step of rich selenium, adopt to romaine lettuce foliage-spray selenium-enriched fertilizer, and to control collecting time be 12 ~ 18 days, make on the scarce selenium cultivating soil that total Se content is 0.25mg/kg, it is 15 ~ 90 μ g/kg that cultivation and collection obtains total Se content, and inorganic selenium content is less than the rich selenium bile ingredients of 10 μ g/kg.This cultivation method is easy, efficient, safety, and cost is lower, simple to operate, replicability is strong, application prospect is extensive, for the cultivation scarce selenium soil carrying out rich selenium bile ingredients provides new way.
Embodiment
Be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention below, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on embodiments of the invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of selenium-enriching cultivation method of bile ingredients, can realize the cultivation carrying out rich selenium bile ingredients on scarce selenium soil, comprise the following steps:
(1) Fruit variety: different according to planting season, selects the bile ingredients kind being applicable to this season cultivation;
(2) nursery: by the sowing quantity in unit cultivation soil, utilize matrix to carry out nursery to the bile ingredients seed that described Fruit variety step is chosen, seedling raise period is 4 ~ 6 days, and nursery temperature is 16 ~ 20 DEG C;
(3) field planting: the seedling age obtained described nursery step is 30-35 days, the seedling with 5-6 sheet true leaf carries out field planting, processes before field planting to cultivation soil, and the soil in cultivation soil is the scarce selenium soil of total Se content 0.25mg/kg, when ground temperature is stabilized in more than 8 DEG C, start field planting, the seeding row spacing of field planting is 25cm, and "the" shape duplicate rows is cultivated, native mulch is with during field planting, the depth of planting, for not bury lobus cardiacus, waters field planting water on time, and controlling cultivation day temperature is 12 ~ 22 DEG C;
(4) field management: the romaine lettuce seedling after described field planting to be watered, temperature control and weeding process;
(5) rich selenium is executed fertile: after described field planting 30 ~ 40 days, when romaine lettuce balling reaches 7 ~ 8cm, foliage-spray selenium-enriched fertilizer;
(6) gather: described in execute rich selenium fertilizer after within 12 ~ 18 days, carry out gathering that to obtain total Se content be 15 ~ 90 μ g/kg, inorganic selenium content is less than the bile ingredients of 10 μ g/kg, namely completes the selenium-enriching cultivation of bile ingredients.Lao Ye and/or bad leaf is removed when gathering.
Executing in the fertile step of rich selenium of above-mentioned cultivation method, the selenium-enriched fertilizer of foliage-spray is:
Selenium-enriched fertilizer every kilogram is watered 500L, and mixing, is evenly sprayed at Chinese leaf front and the back side, make romaine lettuce blade is stained with the globule and under water do not become plume, be convenient to rich selenium fertilizer like this rest on Shang Shi blade face, blade face and effectively absorb, if meet rain in 24h after fertilising, again use.By adopting above-mentioned ad hoc fashion to the bile ingredients foliage-spray selenium-enriched fertilizer of cultivation, ensure that cultivated bile ingredients blade face is to the absorption of selenium, can go out rich selenium bile ingredients at scarce selenium soil cultivation, the method is easy to operation, safety, easily promotes.
Sodium selenite is applied in this rich selenium fertilizer, and sodium selenate that need not be traditional, evade the health threat of fertilizer to producers and consumers itself.In addition, in this rich selenium fertilizer, except with the addition of enough selenium fertilizer, also for the regulation of fertilizer requirement of leafy vegetable, with the addition of the necessary nutritive element such as the necessary nitrogen of plant, phosphorus, potassium, iron, magnesium, copper, zinc, serve the effect of saving of work and time, a fertile multiple-effect.The rich selenium of leaf vegetables of the present invention is fertile, not only has important effect to the production of rich selenium vegetables, and its use convenience, safety, cost lower, be beneficial to popularization, have a extensive future.
In the Fruit variety step of above-mentioned cultivation method, the bile ingredients kind of heat-resisting, resistance to bolting is selected in high temperature season cultivation; Cold-resistant bile ingredients kind is selected in low temperature season cultivation.
In the nursery step of above-mentioned cultivation method, be every 667m by the sowing quantity in unit cultivation soil
2sowing quantity is 3.5 ~ 4.5g, nursery is carried out in the seedbed of seedbed area and field planting area ratio 1:20, adopts dry seed directly sow or sow after presoaking and germinating, during nursery, apply 128 cave, cave dishes to sow, adopt the matrix mixed by the weight ratio of 2:1 with vermiculite by the peat composed of rotten mosses.Wherein, the mode of presoaking and germinating is: first soak 5 ~ 6h with cold water, see light vernalization 2 ~ 3 days, can sprout under being then placed in the temperature condition of 16 ~ 18 DEG C.
In the field planting step of above-mentioned cultivation method, before field planting, process is carried out to cultivation soil and comprise: to every 667m before field planting
2the farmyard manure 4000kg become thoroughly decomposed is executed, composite fertilizer 20kg in cultivation soil, executes rear shallow plowing 15 ~ 20cm, then does the high furrow of 50cm, furrow height 15cm.
In the field management step of above-mentioned cultivation method, water and be treated to: within 5 ~ 7 days, water a water;
Temperature control is treated to: when temperature is more than 25 DEG C, aeration-cooling or take sunshade measure;
Weeding is treated to: carry out intertill and clean tillage, extract weeds.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, method of the present invention is described further.
This cultivation method, comprises the following steps:
(1) Fruit variety:
Different according to planting season, bile ingredients should select the cultivar of applicable this season, and high temperature season cultivation should select heat-resisting, resistance to bolting kind, as: shooter 101, emperor, raw No. 1 of north, raw No. 2 of north etc.Low temperature season cultivation should select cold-resistant variety, as: Yu Hu, raw No. 3 of north, raw No. 4 of north etc.
(2) nursery:
Romaine lettuce belongs to half cold resistance vegetables, and like the moistening weather conditions that cool, not resistance to sweltering heat, nursery should be avoided carrying out at high temperature season, to improve emergence rate and to prevent high temperature bolting.
The every 667m of general nursery
2sowing quantity about 4.0g, seedbed area and field planting area ratio 1:20.Lactuca sativa seeds is little, and germinate fast, general multiplex dry seed is directly sowed.As needed presoaking and germinating, then first soaking 5-6h with cold water, under being then placed in 16-18 DEG C of condition, seeing light vernalization.Can sprout through 2-3d.Apply 128 cave, cave dishes to sow, the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite 2:1 mixing is as matrix, and about 5d, can emerge.In seedling stage, heat and moisture preserving, temperature controls to be advisable at 16-20 DEG C.This phase key promotes that young plant is healthy and strong, not excessive growth.Winter-spring season will be paid attention to keeping preference temperature; The nursery of autumn in summer, temperature is unsuitable too high, needs if desired to take to shelter from heat or light, the measure such as rainproof, cooling.
(3) field planting:
Field planting during seedling age 30-35d, seedling tool 5-6 sheet true leaf.Every 667m before field planting
2execute the high-quality farmyard manure 4000kg become thoroughly decomposed, composite fertilizer 20kg, execute rear shallow plowing 15-20cm, then do the high furrow of 50cm, furrow height 15cm.When ground temperature is stabilized in more than 8 DEG C, get final product field planting.Seeding row spacing 25cm, "the" shape duplicate rows is cultivated, and should be with native mulch during field planting, the depth of planting is advisable not bury lobus cardiacus, waters field planting water in time.The temperature control of facility cultivation day is at 12-22 DEG C.High temperature season field planting, should in covered with sunshade net, at dusk transplanting in advance.
(4) field management:
(41) water:
After transplanting slow seedling, because romaine lettuce Root Absorption ability is weak, blade face area is large, therefore water consumption is large.Should keep ground moistening in cultivation, general 5-7 days waters a water.When spring temperature is lower, the water yield should be little.Water and should ensure the needs of plant to moisture, again can not be excessive, control field humidity unsuitable excessive, occur with disease prevention.
(42) temperature control:
The not resistance to high humidity of romaine lettuce, when temperature is more than 25 DEG C, answers aeration-cooling or takes sunshade measure.The tender succulence of cauline leaf children of lettuce, will note when farm work damaging cauline leaf or root system, otherwise susceptible disease., soil moisture high at temperature is large, when take advantage of dew, remove subaerial Huang, old, residual leaf, in case catch an illness.
(43) weeding:
After seedling is delayed in field planting, should intertill and clean tillage be carried out, strengthen soil permeability, promote root system development, extract weeds.
(5) rich selenium is executed fertile:
About 35d after field planting, when romaine lettuce balling reaches about 7-8cm, foliage-spray selenium-enriched fertilizer.Specifically using way is: rich for leaf vegetables fertile No. 1 every kilogram of selenium is watered 500L, mixing.Evenly be sprayed at Chinese leaf front and the back side, ensure blade is stained with the globule and under water do not become plume.Meet rain in 24h after fertilising, again use.
(6) gather:
After fertilising, 12-18d can gather, and removes Lao Ye, bad leaf when gathering.The total Se content of bile ingredients can reach 15-90 μ g/kg, inorganic selenium content < 10 μ g/kg, is significantly higher than and does not execute the fertile bile ingredients (total Se content < 10 μ g/kg) obtained of gathering of rich selenium.(the total Se content of experimental cultivation soil is 0.25mg/kg, belongs to and lacks selenium soil.)
Cultivation method of the present invention is a kind of method of planting rich selenium bile ingredients in scarce selenium soil, by applying a kind of leafy vegetable selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer of highly effective and safe, rich selenium bile ingredients is planted in scarce selenium soil, there is easy, efficient, safety, and cost is lower, simple to operate, replicability strong, application prospect advantage widely.
The above; be only the present invention's preferably embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the change that can expect easily or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claims.
Claims (8)
1. a selenium-enriching cultivation method for bile ingredients, is characterized in that, comprising:
(1) Fruit variety: different according to planting season, selects the bile ingredients kind being applicable to this season cultivation;
(2) nursery: by the sowing quantity in unit cultivation soil, utilize matrix to carry out nursery to the bile ingredients seed that described Fruit variety step is chosen, seedling raise period is 4 ~ 6 days, and nursery temperature is 16 ~ 20 DEG C;
(3) field planting: the seedling age obtained described nursery step is 30-35 days, the seedling with 5-6 sheet true leaf carries out field planting, processes before field planting to cultivation soil, and the soil in cultivation soil is the scarce selenium soil of total Se content 0.25mg/kg, when ground temperature is stabilized in more than 8 DEG C, start field planting, the seeding row spacing of field planting is 25cm, and "the" shape duplicate rows is cultivated, native mulch is with during field planting, the depth of planting, for not bury lobus cardiacus, waters field planting water on time, and controlling cultivation day temperature is 12 ~ 22 DEG C;
(4) field management: the romaine lettuce seedling after described field planting to be watered, temperature control and weeding process;
(5) rich selenium is executed fertile: after described field planting 30 ~ 40 days, when romaine lettuce balling reaches 7 ~ 8cm, foliage-spray selenium-enriched fertilizer;
(6) gather: described in execute rich selenium fertilizer after within 12 ~ 18 days, carry out gathering that to obtain total Se content be 15 ~ 90 μ g/kg, inorganic selenium content is less than the bile ingredients of 10 μ g/kg, namely completes the selenium-enriching cultivation of bile ingredients.
2. the selenium-enriching cultivation method of bile ingredients according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described in execute in the fertile step of rich selenium, the selenium-enriched fertilizer formula of foliage-spray is as follows:
Selenium-enriched fertilizer every kilogram is watered 500L, and mixing, is evenly sprayed at Chinese leaf front and the back side, makes romaine lettuce blade is stained with the globule and under water do not become plume, if meet rain in 24h after fertilising, again use.
3. the selenium-enriching cultivation method of bile ingredients according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, in described Fruit variety step, the bile ingredients kind of heat-resisting, resistance to bolting is selected in high temperature season cultivation; Cold-resistant bile ingredients kind is selected in low temperature season cultivation.
4. the selenium-enriching cultivation method of bile ingredients according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, in described nursery step, is every 667m by the sowing quantity in unit cultivation soil
2sowing quantity is 3.5 ~ 4.5g, nursery is carried out in the seedbed of seedbed area and field planting area ratio 1:20, adopts dry seed directly sow or sow after presoaking and germinating, during nursery, apply 128 cave, cave dishes to sow, adopt the matrix mixed by the weight ratio of 2:1 with vermiculite by the peat composed of rotten mosses.
5. the selenium-enriching cultivation method of bile ingredients according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the mode of described presoaking and germinating is: first soak 5 ~ 6h with cold water, see that light vernalization was sprouted after 2 ~ 3 days under being then placed in the temperature condition of 16 ~ 18 DEG C.
6. the selenium-enriching cultivation method of bile ingredients according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, in described field planting step, carries out process comprise before field planting to cultivation soil:
To every 667m before field planting
2the farmyard manure 4000kg become thoroughly decomposed is executed, composite fertilizer 20kg in cultivation soil, executes rear shallow plowing 15 ~ 20cm, then does the high furrow of 50cm, furrow height 15cm.
7. the selenium-enriching cultivation method of bile ingredients according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, in described field management step, waters and is treated to: within 5 ~ 7 days, water a water;
Temperature control is treated to: when temperature is more than 25 DEG C, aeration-cooling or take sunshade measure;
Weeding is treated to: carry out intertill and clean tillage, extract weeds.
8. the selenium-enriching cultivation method of bile ingredients according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described in gather in step, remove Lao Ye and/or bad leaf when gathering.
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| CN105152732A (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2015-12-16 | 南京信息工程大学 | Special high temperature resistant foliar fertilizer for var. ramosa Hort. and using method thereof |
| CN105660131A (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2016-06-15 | 和县绿源蔬菜种植有限责任公司 | Head lettuce cultivation method |
| CN108094168A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-06-01 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of method that selenium-rich romaine lettuce is produced under the conditions of plant factor |
| CN108522073A (en) * | 2018-05-01 | 2018-09-14 | 王其俊 | A kind of organic Se-rich plant factor method for culturing seedlings |
| CN110326500A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2019-10-15 | 宁夏大学 | The implantation methods of leaf vegetables selenium-rich |
| CN113929523A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-01-14 | 菏泽市农业科学院 | Selenium-rich organic water-soluble fertilizer, preparation method thereof and cultivation method of selenium-rich Chinese cabbages |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108094168A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-06-01 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of method that selenium-rich romaine lettuce is produced under the conditions of plant factor |
| CN108522073A (en) * | 2018-05-01 | 2018-09-14 | 王其俊 | A kind of organic Se-rich plant factor method for culturing seedlings |
| CN110326500A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2019-10-15 | 宁夏大学 | The implantation methods of leaf vegetables selenium-rich |
| CN113929523A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-01-14 | 菏泽市农业科学院 | Selenium-rich organic water-soluble fertilizer, preparation method thereof and cultivation method of selenium-rich Chinese cabbages |
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