CN104603410B - 排气后处理系统、用于监视其中的部件的方法及其控制器 - Google Patents

排气后处理系统、用于监视其中的部件的方法及其控制器 Download PDF

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CN104603410B
CN104603410B CN201280073933.2A CN201280073933A CN104603410B CN 104603410 B CN104603410 B CN 104603410B CN 201280073933 A CN201280073933 A CN 201280073933A CN 104603410 B CN104603410 B CN 104603410B
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oxidation catalyst
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董群龙
太春
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Mack Trucks Inc
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Abstract

通过测量AHI喷射事件期间,柴油机氧化催化剂(DOC)上释放的热量(QDOC)以及DOC和柴油机颗粒过滤器(DPF)上释放的热量(QEATS),通过计算利用全运行AHI喷嘴,执行AHI喷射事件,从AHI燃料输入的热量(QAHI),以及通过在不使用AHI时,在SCR对馈送气体成分敏感的条件下,测量选择性催化还原系统(SCR)从NOX到N2的NOX转化效率(ηSCR),监视用于柴油机的排气后处理系统(EATS)中的部件,使用这些测量和计算,识别故障部件。

Description

排气后处理系统、用于监视其中的部件的方法及其控制器
技术领域
本发明一般涉及排气后处理系统(EATS),更具体地说,涉及用于监视EATS中的部件的方法和设备。
背景技术
政府法规,除其他外,关于柴油机尾气中的颗粒和NOX排放有严格的限制。遵守这些法规要求多部件EATS。典型的EATS将包括柴油机氧化催化剂(DOC)、柴油机颗粒过滤器(DPF)和选择性催化还原催化剂系统(SCR),以及AHI喷嘴(也称为“第七喷射器”),用于喷射DOC的上游燃料来便于加热EATS和DPF的再生。
为确保DOC适当地起作用,已知监视DOC的下游和DPF的上游的温度来诊断故障DOC。如果温度低于预期,可能指示故障DOC。然而,EATS的其他问题也会导致DOC的下游低于预期的温度。例如,阻塞的AHI喷嘴也会导致DOC的下游和DPF的上游的温度低于预期。同时,该方法还监视催化的DPF的催化活性,这对控制NMHC排放和为了使SCR NOX转化效率最佳,对下游SCR提供适当的NO2/NOX比也很关键。尽管可以通过使用AHI管线中的流量计,确定AHI喷嘴被阻塞,但该方案会增加EATS及其控制系统的实际成本和复杂性。尽管还可以使用SCRNOX转化效率来提供有关来自上游DPF的馈送气体成分的一些信息,但还存在除馈送气体成分外,会导致低于正常SCR NOX转化效率的一些其他因素,例如柴油机排放液(DEF)稀释、SCR 催化剂本身的劣化、阻塞或泄漏的DEF环路等等。SCR还对馈送气体成分不敏感,同时排气时间的剩余时间长或其内部温度高。
发明内容
期望提供一种用于立即监视EATS的若干部件的方法,而基本不增加EATS及其控制系统的成本或复杂性。
根据本发明的方面,提供一种监视用于柴油机的排气后处理系统 (EATS)中的部件的方法,EATS按从上游到下游的顺序,包括AHI 喷嘴、柴油机氧化催化剂(DOC)、柴油机颗粒过滤器(DPF)和选择性催化还原催化剂系统(SCR)。该方法包括测量AHI喷射事件期间,DOC上的释放的热量(QDOC);测量AHI喷射事件期间,在DOC和 DPF上,从AHI燃料释放的热量(QEATS);测量当AHI未使用时,在SCR上,从NOX到N2的NOX转化效率(ηSCR);计算利用全运行AHI喷嘴,执行AHI喷射事件期间,从AHI燃料输入的热量(QAHI);计算DOC HC滑动系数=1-(QDOC/QEATS);计算AHI流动损耗系数=1- (QEATS/QAHI);以及通过将所计算的DOC HC滑动系数、所计算的 AHI流动损耗系数和所测量的NOX转化效率的每一个与期望值进行比较,识别故障AHI喷嘴、DOC、DPF或SCR。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供一种用于柴油机的排气后处理系统 (EATS)。EATS包括AHI喷嘴;AHI喷嘴的下游的柴油机氧化催化剂(DOC);DOC的上游的第一温度传感器;DOC的下游的柴油机颗粒过滤器(DPF);DOC的下游和DPF的上游的第二温度传感器;DPF 的下游的选择性催化还原催化剂系统(SCR);DPF的下游和SCR的上游的第三温度传感器;SCR的上游的第一NOX传感器;SCR的下游的第二NOX传感器;以及控制器。控制器被配置成分别基于来自第一温度传感器和第二温度传感器的第一温度测量信号和第二温度测量信号,确定AHI喷射事件期间,DOC上释放的热量(QDOC),分别基于来自第一温度传感器和第三温度传感器的第一温度测量信号和第三温度测量信号,确定在AHI喷射事件期间,DOC和DPF上释放的热量 (QEATS),基于来自第一和第二NOX传感器的NOX测量信号,确定在未使用AHI时,在SCR上,从NOX到N2的NOX转化效率(ηSCR);计算利用全运行AHI喷嘴,执行AHI喷射事件期间,从AHI燃料输入的热量(QAHI);计算DOC HC滑动系数=1-(QDOC/QEATS);计算AHI 流动损耗系数=1-(QEATS/QAHI);以及通过将所计算的DOC HC滑动系数、所计算的AHI流动损耗系数和所测量的NOX转化效率的每一个与期望值进行比较,识别故障AHI喷嘴、DOC、DPF或SCR。
根据本发明的又一方面,提供一种用于柴油机的排气后处理系统 (EATS)的控制器,EATS包括AHI喷嘴、AHI喷嘴下游的柴油机氧化催化剂(DOC)、DOC的上游的第一温度传感器;DOC的下游的柴油机颗粒过滤器(DPF);DOC的下游和DPF的上游的第二温度传感器;DPF的下游的选择性催化还原催化剂系统(SCR);DPF的下游和SCR的上游的第三温度传感器;SCR的上游的第一NOX传感器,以及SCR的下游的第二NOX传感器。控制器被配置成分别基于来自第一温度传感器和第二温度传感器的第一温度测量信号和第二温度测量信号,确定AHI喷射事件期间,DOC上释放的热量(QDOC),分别基于来自第一温度传感器和第三温度传感器的第一温度测量信号和第三温度测量信号,确定在AHI喷射事件期间,DOC和DPF上释放的热量 (QEATS),基于来自第一和第二NOX传感器的NOX测量信号,确定在未使用AHI时,在SCR上,从NOX到N2的NOX转化效率(ηSCR);计算利用全运行AHI喷嘴,执行AHI喷射事件期间,从AHI燃料输入的热量(QAHI);计算DOC HC滑动系数=1-(QDOC/QEATS);计算AHI 流动损耗系数=1-(QEATS/QAHI);以及通过将所计算的DOC HC滑动系数、所计算的AHI流动损耗系数和所测量的NOX转化效率的每一个与期望值进行比较,识别故障AHI喷嘴、DOC、DPF或SCR。
附图说明
通过结合附图,阅读下述详细描述,将更好理解本发明的特征和优点,其中,相同的数字指示类似的元件,以及其中:
图1是根据本发明的方面的柴油机和EATS的示意图;
图2是由于EATS中的损耗和其他错误因素导致的温度偏差的图;
图3是示出根据本发明的方面,如何识别EATS的故障部件的表;以及
图4是示出根据本发明的方面,诊断EATS的故障部件的方法的一系列步骤的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1示出用于柴油机23的排气后处理系统(EATS)21。EATS 21 包括AHI喷嘴25、AHI喷嘴下游的柴油机氧化催化剂(DOC)27、DOC 上游的第一温度传感器29、DOC下游的柴油机颗粒过滤器(DPF)31、 DOC下游和DPF上游的第二温度传感器33、DPF下游的选择性催化还原催化剂系统(SCR)35、DPF下游和SCR上游的第三温度传感器 37、SCR上游的第一NOX传感器39和SCR下游的第二NOX传感器41。 DOC上游的并且将EATS连接到发动机23的管道43通常包括涡轮增压器的涡轮机45和装置47,诸如用于测量的孔板和流量计,或用于计算排气质量流量的控制逻辑。通常在SCR 35的上游和DPF 31的下游提供连接到DEF的源(未示出)的喷嘴49。
EATS进一步包括控制器51,其可以形成车辆发动机控制单元 (ECU)或其他适当的计算机的一部分。控制器51被配置成分别基于来自第一温度传感器29和第二温度传感器33的第一温度测量信号T1和第二温度测量信号T2,确定,在AHI喷射事件期间DOC 27上释放的热量(DQOC)。控制器51还被配置成分别基于来自第一温度传感器 29、第二温度传感器33和第三温度传感器37的第一温度测量信号T1、通常但不一定的第二温度测量信号T2以及第三温度测量信号T3,确定,在AHI喷射事件期间在DOC 27和DPF 31上释放的热量(QEATS)。控制器51还被进一步配置成基于来自第一和第二NOX传感器39和41 的NOX测量信号,当AHI未使用时,通常在高排气质量流量和低SCR 温度的组合的操作条件下,测量在SCR35上,从NOX到N2的NOX转化效率(ηSCR)。控制器51还被配置成在AHI喷射事件期间,通过全运行AHI喷嘴25,计算理论热量输入(QAHI)。控制器51还被配置成计算“DOC HC滑动系数”:
(1)DOC HC滑动系数=1-(QDOC/QEATS)
以及计算AHI流动损耗系数:
(2)AHI流动损耗系数=1-(QEATS/QAHI)
控制器51还被配置成通过将所计算的DOC HC滑动系数、所计算的AHI流动损耗系数以及所测量的NOX转化效率的每一个与期望值进行比较,识别故障AHI喷嘴25、DOC 27、DPF 31或SCR 35。期望值通过测试和/或建模,针对特定EATS而建立并且可能在系统间不同。
对指定车辆,后处理部件对周围环境的热损耗(HL)受包括车速 (Vveh)、环境温度(Tamb)和气压(Pamb)、废气温度(Texh)和废气质量流量(mexh)的因素影响。由此,HL=f(Vveh,Tamb,Pamb,Texh,mexh)。
控制器51通常还根据下述等式,确定AHI喷射事件的QDOC
(3)
其中:
QDOC=DOC上释放的热
T1=由第一温度传感器测量的温度
T2=由第二温度传感器测量的温度
t1=开始AHI喷射事件的时间
t2=结束AHI喷射事件的时间
mexh=排气的质量流量
cp,exh=废气的比热
mDOC=DOC的质量
ccor=堇青石材料的比热(在此,如用在DOC中)
控制器51通常将根据下述等式,确定AHI喷射事件的QEATS
(4)
其中:
QEATS=在DOC和DPF上释放的热量
T3=由第三温度传感器测量的温度
mDPF=DPF的质量
ccor=堇青石材料的比热(在此,如用在DPF和DOC中)
控制器51通常将根据下述等式,如果AHI喷嘴适当地运行,通过确定在AHI喷射事件期间馈送的燃料的能量的量,确定AHI喷射事件的QAHI
(5)
其中:
mAHI=基于AHI燃料压力和AHI喷射事件,通过AHI喷嘴的燃料的额定质量流量
hdiesel=柴油机的较低热量值
控制器51通常将仅在发动机23已经操作足够长的时间,使得下游NOX传感器41达到其操作温度、SCR在为本发明目的,应当限定为其低操作温度(通常对Fe-Zeolite SCR,200℃至350℃)以及应当限定为其NOX转化效率更依赖于馈送气体成分的高末端排气质量流量(mexh)操作范围(通常约0.35-0.45kg/s)内后,才确定SCR35的 NOX转化效率(ηSCR)。通常根据诸如下述的等式,确定NOX转化效率:
(6)
ηSCR=[I-(NOX1-NOX2)/NOX1]x100
其中:
ηSCR=NOX转化效率
NOX1=第一NOX传感器的NOX测量
NOX2=第二NOX传感器的NOX测量
由于温度传感器可变性和从EAST 21到周围环境的热损耗,第一、第二和第三温度传感器29、33和37的原始温度测量T1raw、T2raw和 T3raw通常将不满足能量守恒的需求。例如,在固定排气质量流量和固定发动机输出温度的严格稳态条件下,参见图2中所示的图,通常 T2raw和T3raw将偏离T1,并且根据下述等式:
(7)T1=T2raw+ε21
(8)T2raw=T3raw+ε32
其中:
ε21=第一和第二温度之间的偏差系数
ε32=第二和第三温度之间的偏差系数
对柴油机的通常温度范围,诸如200℃至400℃的范围,偏差系数ε21和ε32约为常数。偏差系数将相对于第一温度传感器的读数,补偿第二温度传感器和第三温度传感器的原始读数,使得,对鲁棒 EATS部件监视,能更好保持能量守恒等式。两个偏差系数不会将三个温度传感器的原始读数补偿到它们各自的实际温度。当不执行AHI喷射时,能基于能量守恒,估算两个偏差系数的值。温度传感器通常不会非常快地劣化,因此,对不精确的传感器的补偿很可能是偶发事件,诸如约一个月一次。
为确定ε21和ε32,在能量守恒的原理下,其中:
(9)0=Heat out+Heat storage-Heat in
下述等式适用于DOC:
(10)
以及下述等式适用于DPF:
(11)
对ε21,求解等式(10),提供:
(12)
以及对ε32,求解等式(11),提供:
(13)
将理解到在此引用T2和T3是指修改实际测量的温度来补偿诸如温度传感器可变性和从EATS 21到周围环境的热损耗的因素。
控制器51还被配置成通过确定下述内容,识别故障AHI喷嘴25:
·AHI流动损耗系数高于预期范围>R2,以及
·NOX转化效率在预期范围R3内。
控制器51还被配置成通过确定下述内容,识别故障DOC 27:
·DOC HC滑动系数高于预期范围>R1,
·AHI流动损耗系数高于预期范围>R2,以及
·NOX转化效率低于预期范围<R3。
控制器51还被配置成通过确定下述内容,识别故障DPF 31:
·DOC HC滑动系数低于预期范围<R1,
·AHI流动损耗系数高于预期范围>R2,以及
·NOX转化效率低于预期范围<R3。
控制器51还被配置成通过确定下述内容,识别故障DOC和故障DPF:
·DOC HC滑动系数在预期范围R1内,
·AHI流动损耗系数高于预期范围>R2,以及
·NOX转化效率低于预期范围<R3。
控制器51还被配置成通过确定下述内容,识别潜在故障SCR 35:
·AHI流动损耗系数在预期范围R2内,以及
·NOX转化效率低于预期范围<R3。
图3是示出上述症状如何对应于上述诊断。
图3示出(括号中)在上述列出的四种情形下,用于DOC HC滑动系数、AHI流动损耗系数和NOX转化效率的示例性值。术语“寿命终止”和术语“极限”是行业的技术术语,为本发明目的,能分别理解成是指“在设计寿命结束时正常劣化的适当机能”和“超出监视法定极限的故障”。
潜在故障SCR 35的症状可能反映除故障SCR外的问题,然而,能建议一种可能的问题来源。当SCR 35在预定温度范围内和预定排气质量流量内操作时,通常确定NOX转化效率。AHI喷嘴的性能通常不直接影响SCR 35的操作。然而,当AHI流动损耗系数与潜在故障SCR 35的诊断有关时,控制器51能被配置成在确定NOX转化效率低于预期范围后,自动地启动AHI喷射事件。或者,仅通过操作者主动地调用启动AHI喷射事件才能够启动AHI喷射事件。当然,这可以响应例如向操作者通知现在的NOX转化效率的警告信号来执行。
将结合图1中所示的发动机23和EATS 21,描述用于监视柴油机的EATS中的部件的方法,EATS按从上游到下游的顺序,包括AHI 喷嘴25、DOC27、DPF 31和SCR 35。根据该方法,测量在AHI喷射事件期间,在DOC 27上释放的热量(QDOC)。测量QDOC能包括测量 DOC 27的上游的第一温度T1,以及测量DOC的下游和DPF 31的上游的第二温度T2。通常根据上述等式3),确定QDOC
根据该方法,测量在AHI喷射事件期间,在DOC 27和DPF 31 上释放的热量(QEATS)。测量QEATS能包括测量DOC 27的上游的第一温度T1、测量DOC 27的下游和DPF 31的上游的第二温度,以及测量DPF 31的下游的第三温度。通常根据上述等式4),确定QEATS
根据该方法,通常通过由SCR上游和下游的传感器39和41测量 NOX水平和根据上述等式6),计算NOX转化效率,当AHI不使用时,在某些时间测量SCR 35上,从NOX到N2的NOX转化效率(ηSCR)。
根据该方法,计算在利用全运行AHI喷嘴执行AHI喷射期间的输入的热量(QAHI)。计算QAHI包括确定如果AHI喷嘴25适当地运行,在AHI喷射事件期间馈送的燃料的能量的量。通常根据上述等式5),计算QAHI
根据该方法,计算DOC HC滑动系数(=1-(QDOC/QEATS))和AHI 流动损耗系数(=1-(QEATS/QAHI))。
通过将所计算的DOC HC滑动系数、所计算的流动损耗系数和所测量的NOX转化效率的每一个与期望值进行比较,识别故障AHI喷嘴、 DOC、DPF或SCR。图3中的表示出能如何使用症状的不同组合来识别故障或潜在故障部件。
图4的流程图通过一系列步骤,示例能如何进行适当或不适当地运行部件的诊断。在步骤100起动发动机后,如果在步骤200执行AHI 喷射事件,那么,在步骤300计算QDOC、QEATS和QAHI,以及DOC HC 滑动系数和AHI流动损耗系数。如果在步骤400确定AHI流动损耗系数在预期范围内,步骤500的诊断是AHI、DOC和DPF的部件正常运行。
如果在步骤400确定AHI流动损耗系数高,在发动机23在用于测量NOX转化效率的预期条件,有时是指高排气质量流量和低SCR温度条件(例如约200℃至350℃的温度和约0.35-0.45kg/s的排气质量流量)下操作后,在步骤600测量NOX转化效率。如果在步骤700确定NOX转化效率处于或高于预期范围,步骤800诊断存在坏的AHI 喷嘴25。
如果在步骤700确定NOX转化效率低于预期范围,那么如果在步骤900确定HC滑动系数不高于预期范围,并且在步骤1000,确定HC 滑动系数低于预期范围,在步骤1100诊断DPF 31故障。如果在步骤 1000确定HC滑动系数在预期范围内,即既不高也不低,步骤1200诊断DOC 27和DPF 31的组合故障。如果在步骤900确定HC滑动系数高于预期范围,步骤1300诊断DOC 27故障。
如果在步骤100起动发动机后,在步骤200未执行AHI喷射事件,诸如在预热发动机开始之后,在获得用于测量NOX转化效率的预期条件后,如果在步骤1400确定NOX转化效率处于或高于预期范围,步骤 1500诊断DOC、DPF和SCR的部件适当地运行。AHI喷嘴诊断不适用,因为自从起动发动机后,还未使用AHI喷嘴。
如果在步骤1400确定NOX转化效率低于预期范围,通过等待AHI 喷射事件的正常发生或直接调用AHI喷射事件的执行,或通过自动或通过操作员的手动启动,在步骤1600执行AHI喷射事件。
如果在执行AHI喷射事件后,在步骤1800确定AHI流动损耗系数高,那么在步骤900和1000确定HC滑动系数低于预期范围,并且步骤1100的诊断是DPF 31故障。如果在步骤900和1000确定HC滑动系数在预期范围内,步骤1200的诊断是DOC和DPF的组合故障。如果步骤900确定HC滑动系数高于预期范围,步骤1300的诊断是DOC 27故障。
如果在执行AHI喷射事件后,在步骤1700确定AHI流动损耗系数在预期范围内,假定AHI喷嘴25、DOC 27和DPF 31适当地运行,这建议步骤1800诊断低NOX转化效率的原因是故障SCR,这能通过专用SCR监视器来明确地识别。
根据本发明,通常已经存在于EATS中或能以最小成本添加的传感器,诸如温度传感器或NOX传感器适合用在诊断故障部件中。
在本申请中,术语的使用,诸如“包括”是开放式的,并且试图具有与术语“包含”相同的含义并且不排除存在其他结构、材料或动作。类似地,尽管术语,诸如“能”或“可以”的使用试图是开放式的,并且试图反映那一结构、材料或动作不是必需的,没有使用这样的术语不试图反映结构、材料或动作是必需的。就当前认为必需的结构、材料或动作而言,它们同样被识别为如此。
尽管已经根据优选实施例示例和描述了本发明,但能意识到在不背离如在权利要求书中所述的本发明的情况下,能做出各种变化和改变。

Claims (21)

1.一种监视用于柴油机的排气后处理系统中的部件的方法,所述排气后处理系统,按从上游到下游的顺序,包括用于喷射柴油机氧化催化剂的上游燃料来便于加热排气后处理系统和柴油机颗粒过滤器的再生的AHI喷嘴、柴油机氧化催化剂、柴油机颗粒过滤器和选择性催化还原催化剂系统,所述方法包括:
测量AHI喷射事件期间,所述柴油机氧化催化剂上的释放的热量QDOC
测量所述AHI喷射事件期间,在所述柴油机氧化催化剂和所述柴油机颗粒过滤器上,从AHI燃料输入的热量QEATS
测量当AHI未使用时,在所述选择性催化还原催化剂系统上,从NOX到N2的NOX转化效率ηSCR
计算利用正常运行的AHI喷嘴,执行所述AHI喷射事件期间,从AHI燃料输入的理论热量QAHI
计算柴油机氧化催化剂HC滑动系数=1-(QDOC/QEATS);
计算AHI流动损耗系数=1-(QEATS/QAHI);以及
通过将所计算的柴油机氧化催化剂HC滑动系数、所计算的AHI流动损耗系数和所测量的NOX转化效率的每一个与期望值进行比较,识别故障AHI喷嘴、柴油机氧化催化剂、柴油机颗粒过滤器或选择性催化还原催化剂系统。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,测量QDOC包括测量所述柴油机氧化催化剂的上游的第一温度,以及测量所述柴油机氧化催化剂下游和所述柴油机颗粒过滤器上游的第二温度。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中,测量QEATS包括测量所述柴油机氧化催化剂的上游的第一温度、测量所述柴油机氧化催化剂的下游和所述柴油机颗粒过滤器的上游的第二温度,以及测量所述柴油机颗粒过滤器的下游的第三温度。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其中,测量QDOC和QEATS包括调整所测量的第二温度和所测量的第三温度来排除从所述柴油机氧化催化剂和所述柴油机颗粒过滤器到周围环境的热损耗。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,计算QAHI包括确定如果所述AHI喷嘴正常运行,在所述AHI喷射事件期间递送的燃料的能量的量。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,通过确定下述内容,识别故障AHI喷嘴:
所述AHI流动损耗系数高于其预期范围的上限,以及
所述NOX转化效率在其预期范围内。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,通过确定下述内容,识别故障柴油机氧化催化剂:
所述柴油机氧化催化剂HC滑动系数高于其预期范围的上限,
所述AHI流动损耗系数高于其预期范围的上限,以及
所述NOX转化效率低于其预期范围的下限。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,通过确定下述内容,识别故障柴油机颗粒过滤器:
所述柴油机氧化催化剂HC滑动系数低于其预期范围的下限,
所述AHI流动损耗系数高于其预期范围的上限,以及
所述NOX转化效率低于其预期范围的下限。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,通过确定下述内容,识别故障柴油机氧化催化剂和柴油机颗粒过滤器组合:
所述柴油机氧化催化剂HC滑动系数在其预期范围内,
所述AHI流动损耗系数高于其预期范围的上限,以及
所述NOX转化效率低于其预期范围的下限。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,通过确定下述内容,识别故障选择性催化还原催化剂系统:
所述AHI流动损耗系数在其预期范围内,以及
所述NOX转化效率低于其预期范围的下限。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法,包括在确定所述NOX转化效率低于其预期范围的下限后,自动地启动AHI喷射事件。
12.如权利要求1所述的方法,包括当所述选择性催化还原催化剂系统的温度和柴油机排气流量在其预定范围内时,测量所述NOX转化效率。
13.一种用于柴油机的排气后处理系统,所述排气后处理系统包括:
用于喷射柴油机氧化催化剂的上游燃料来便于加热排气后处理系统和柴油机颗粒过滤器的再生的AHI喷嘴;
所述AHI喷嘴的下游的柴油机氧化催化剂;
所述柴油机氧化催化剂的上游的第一温度传感器;
所述柴油机氧化催化剂的下游的柴油机颗粒过滤器;
位于所述柴油机氧化催化剂和所述柴油机颗粒过滤器之间的第二温度传感器;
所述柴油机颗粒过滤器的下游的选择性催化还原催化剂系统;
所述柴油机颗粒过滤器的下游和所述选择性催化还原催化剂系统的上游的第三温度传感器;
位于所述柴油机颗粒过滤器和所述选择性催化还原催化剂系统之间的第一NOX传感器;
所述选择性催化还原催化剂系统的下游的第二NOX传感器;以及
控制器,所述控制器被配置成:
分别基于来自所述第一温度传感器和所述第二温度传感器的第一温度测量信号和第二温度测量信号,确定AHI喷射事件期间,所述柴油机氧化催化剂上释放的热量QDOC
分别基于来自所述第一温度传感器和所述第三温度传感器的第一温度测量信号和第三温度测量信号,确定在所述AHI喷射事件期间,所述柴油机氧化催化剂和所述柴油机颗粒过滤器上释放的热量QEATS
基于来自第一和第二NOX传感器的NOX测量信号,确定在未使用AHI时,在所述选择性催化还原催化剂系统上,从NOX到N2的NOX转化效率ηSCR
计算利用正常运行的AHI喷嘴,执行所述AHI喷射事件期间,从AHI燃料输入的理论热量QAHI
计算柴油机氧化催化剂HC滑动系数=1-(QDOC/QEATS);
计算AHI流动损耗系数=1-(QEATS/QAHI);以及
通过将所计算的柴油机氧化催化剂HC滑动系数、所计算的AHI流动损耗系数和所测量的NOX转化效率的每一个与期望值进行比较,识别故障AHI喷嘴、柴油机氧化催化剂、柴油机颗粒过滤器或选择性催化还原催化剂系统。
14.如权利要求13所述的排气后处理系统,其中,所述控制器被配置成当确定QDOC和QEATS时,调整所测量的第二温度信号和所测量的第三温度信号来排除传感器的变异性。
15.如权利要求13所述的排气后处理系统,其中,所述控制器被配置成通过确定如果所述AHI正常运行,在所述AHI喷射事件期间递送的燃料的能量的量,计算QAHI
16.如权利要求13所述的排气后处理系统,其中,所述控制器被配置成通过确定下述内容,识别故障AHI喷嘴:
所述AHI流动损耗系数高于其预期范围的上限,以及
所述NOX转化效率在其预期范围内。
17.如权利要求13所述的排气后处理系统,其中,所述控制器被配置成通过确定下述内容,识别故障柴油机氧化催化剂:
所述柴油机氧化催化剂HC滑动系数高于其预期范围的上限,
所述AHI流动损耗系数高于其预期范围的上限,以及
所述NOX转化效率低于其预期范围的下限。
18.如权利要求13所述的排气后处理系统,其中,所述控制器被配置成通过确定下述内容,识别故障柴油机颗粒过滤器:
所述柴油机氧化催化剂HC滑动系数低于其预期范围的下限,
所述AHI流动损耗系数高于其预期范围的上限,以及
所述NOX转化效率低于其预期范围的下限。
19.如权利要求13所述的排气后处理系统,其中,所述控制器被配置成通过确定下述内容,识别故障选择性催化还原催化剂系统:
所述AHI流动损耗系数在其预期范围内,以及
所述NOX转化效率低于其预期范围的下限。
20.如权利要求19所述的排气后处理系统,其中,所述控制器被配置成在确定所述NOX转化效率低于其预期范围的下限后,自动地启动AHI喷射事件。
21.一种用于柴油机的排气后处理系统的控制器,所述排气后处理系统包括用于喷射柴油机氧化催化剂的上游燃料来便于加热排气后处理系统和柴油机颗粒过滤器的再生的AHI喷嘴、所述AHI喷嘴下游的柴油机氧化催化剂、所述柴油机氧化催化剂的上游的第一温度传感器;所述柴油机氧化催化剂的下游的柴油机颗粒过滤器;位于所述柴油机氧化催化剂和所述柴油机颗粒过滤器之间的第二温度传感器;所述柴油机颗粒过滤器的下游的选择性催化还原催化剂系统;所述柴油机颗粒过滤器的下游和所述选择性催化还原催化剂系统的上游的第三温度传感器;所述柴油机颗粒过滤器和所述选择性催化还原催化剂系统之间的第一NOX传感器,以及所述选择性催化还原催化剂系统的下游的第二NOX传感器,
所述控制器被配置成:
分别基于来自所述第一温度传感器和所述第二温度传感器的第一温度测量信号和第二温度测量信号,确定AHI喷射事件期间,所述柴油机氧化催化剂上释放的热量QDOC
分别基于来自所述第一温度传感器和所述第三温度传感器的第一温度测量信号和第三温度测量信号,确定在所述AHI喷射事件期间,所述柴油机氧化催化剂和所述柴油机颗粒过滤器上释放的热量QEATS
基于来自第一和第二NOX传感器的NOX测量信号,确定在未使用AHI时,在所述选择性催化还原催化剂系统上,从NOX到N2的NOX转化效率ηSCR
计算利用正常运行的AHI喷嘴,执行所述AHI喷射事件期间,从AHI燃料输入的理论热量QAHI
计算柴油机氧化催化剂HC滑动系数=1-(QDOC/QEATS);
计算AHI流动损耗系数=1-(QEATS/QAHI);以及
通过将所计算的柴油机氧化催化剂HC滑动系数、所计算的AHI流动损耗系数和所测量的NOX转化效率的每一个与期望值进行比较,识别故障AHI喷嘴、柴油机氧化催化剂、柴油机颗粒过滤器或选择性催化还原催化剂系统。
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