CN104595381A - Bidirectional controllable overrunning clutch - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a two-way controllable overrunning clutch. The clutch is designed based on a traditional roller type overrunning clutch. Left and right rollers (10, 11) are symmetrically distributed inside the clutch, corresponding to the outer ring (6). The wedge-shaped groove formed by the inner wall and the outer surface of the inner ring (14). Electromagnetic coils are used to drive the control mechanism, and the left and right control mechanisms (4, 16) control the symmetrically distributed left and right rollers (10, 11) to stay in the position of the wedge-shaped groove through their left and right wedge claws (5, 15). Then control the inner ring (14) for power transmission to rotate or lock, and finally realize four working modes: positive one-way overtaking, reverse one-way overtaking, two-way overtaking, and two-way wedging. The invention has ingenious conception, simple structure and low processing cost, and is beneficial to popularization and use.

Description

A Bidirectional Controllable Overrunning Clutch

technical field

The invention relates to the field of clutches, and specifically discloses a two-way controllable overrunning clutch.

Background technique

One-way overrunning clutch, also known as one-way bearing, is an important part used for power transmission and disconnection between the prime mover and the working machine or between the driving shaft and the driven shaft inside the machine. It utilizes the speed change of the main and driven parts or the transformation of the rotation direction to realize the clutch function. It relies on the principle of one-way locking, and the transmission of torque is one-way. Overrunning clutches are divided into wedge overrunning clutches, roller overrunning clutches and ratchet overrunning clutches. Although different in structure, the working principles of these three kinds of overrunning clutches are similar, and their functions are to realize the one-way transmission of power.

With the continuous expansion of the field of use of overrunning clutches, the demand for its multi-functionality is also increasing. The traditional clutch working mode is relatively simple, which can no longer meet the one-way or two-way transmission of clutch power between the prime mover and the working machine. And other needs of a variety of working modes.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a two-way controllable overrunning clutch to realize one-way or two-way power transmission from the prime mover to the working machine.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solutions provided by the invention are as follows:

A two-way controllable overrunning clutch, mainly composed of an inner ring 14, an outer ring 6, a left electromagnetic coil 1, a right electromagnetic coil 19, a left control mechanism 4, and a right control mechanism 16. It is characterized in that: the inner ring 14 is The cage 7 is sleeved, and the left wedge claw 5 and the right wedge claw 15 on the outer end faces of the left control mechanism 4 and the right control mechanism 16 pass through corresponding openings on the end plate of the cage 7 and are slidably installed on both sides of the inner ring 14. The inner surface of the outer ring 14 and the outer surface of the inner ring 6 form a symmetrical wedge-shaped groove, and the left and right roller return springs 8, 13, left and right rollers 10, 11 and left and right rollers are respectively installed in sequence. The right wedge 9,12, the left and right roller return springs 8,13 lean against the lateral spacer plate of the cage 7 respectively, the left and right wedges 9,12 are connected with the left and right wedge claws 5,15 respectively Contact connection, when the left and right control mechanism 4, 16 slides in the axial direction, the left and right rollers 10, 11 and the left and right wedges 9, 12 are respectively controlled to move in the circumferential direction through the left and right wedge claws 5, 15 , The rollers 10, 11 move or lock in the wedge-shaped groove.

Further, the inner surface of the outer ring 14 is a symmetrically distributed inclined surface, the shortest distance between the inner surface of the outer ring 14 and the outer surface of the inner ring 6 is smaller than the diameter of the left and right rollers 10, 11, and the farthest distance is greater than that of the left and right rollers. The diameter of the rollers 10, 11 forms said wedge groove.

Further, the circumferential dimensions of the claw heads of the left and right wedge claws 5, 15 are larger than the claw roots, and the contact surfaces of the left and right wedge claws 9, 12 and the left and right wedge claws 5, 15 are fitted inclined plane.

Furthermore, the side surfaces of the left and right wedges 9, 12 in contact with the left and right rollers 10, 11 are concave arc grooves, and the left and right rollers 10, 11 are placed in the concave arc grooves.

Further, the left and right control mechanisms 4, 16 have built-in left and right control mechanism return springs 3, 17, and the outer ends of the left and right control mechanism return springs 3, 17 are equipped with chucks 2, 18. The right chucks 2, 18 are installed at both ends of the inner ring 14, and respectively rotate and slide relative to the left and right control mechanisms 4, 16 in the axial direction.

Furthermore, the said left and right chucks 2, 18 and the inner ring 14 are connected by keys respectively, and are interference fit.

Furthermore, five left and right wedge claws 5, 15 are evenly distributed on the outer end faces of the left and right control mechanisms 4, 16 respectively, and correspondingly, the cage 7 is laterally provided with five intervals. plate, the left and right control mechanisms 4, 16 rotate synchronously with the cage 7.

Further, the electromagnetic coils 1, 19 of the left and right electromagnetic coils are sleeved on the left and right control mechanisms 4, 16 respectively, and the left and right control mechanisms 4, 16 are controlled to move linearly along the axial direction by turning on and off the power.

Working principle of the present invention:

The present invention realizes the axial sliding of the control mechanism by turning on and off the power of the electromagnetic coil, and then controls the position state of the roller in the wedge-shaped groove. When the roller is in an active state, the inner and outer rings can rotate relatively freely. No power transmission; when the rollers are in the locked state, the inner and outer rings are locked by the rollers and are relatively stationary, and the outer ring rotates under the drive of the inner ring to realize power transmission. Because the present invention has a symmetrical structure, it can realize switching between single and two-way power transmission.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The present invention is designed based on the traditional roller type overrunning clutch, which can realize four working modes: positive one-way overrunning, reverse one-way overrunning, two-way overrunning and two-way wedging. Bidirectional pass. In addition, the present invention has simple structure, ingenious conception, low processing cost, and is beneficial to popularization and use.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1: explosion exploded diagram of the present invention;

Figure 2: Schematic diagram of the two-way wedging operation of the present invention;

Figure 3: A-A sectional view in Figure 2;

Figure 4: Schematic diagram of the forward and one-way overtaking work of the present invention;

Figure 5: B-B sectional view in Figure 4;

Figure 6: Schematic diagram of the reverse one-way transcendence work of the present invention;

Figure 7: C-C sectional view in Figure 6;

Figure 8: Schematic diagram of the two-way overriding work of the present invention;

Figure 9: D-D sectional view in Figure 8;

Figure 10: Schematic diagram of cooperation between the control mechanism and the rollers in the present invention when the coil is not energized;

Figure 11: Schematic diagram of cooperation between the control mechanism and the rollers in the present invention when the coil is energized;

Figure 12: Schematic diagram of cage structure.

In the picture:

1-Left electromagnetic coil, 2-Left chuck, 3-Left control mechanism return spring, 4-Left control mechanism, 5-Left wedge claw, 6-Outer ring, 7-Cage, 8-Left roller return spring, 9-left wedge, 10-left roller, 11-right roller, 12-right wedge, 13-right roller return spring, 14-inner ring, 15-right wedge claw, 16-right control mechanism, 17 -return spring of the right control mechanism, 18-right chuck, 19-right electromagnetic coil. the

Detailed ways

The specific implementation manners of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides a two-way controllable overrunning clutch, which is composed of an inner ring 14, an outer ring 6, a cage 7, a left control mechanism 4, a right control mechanism 16, a left control mechanism return spring 3 And right control mechanism return spring 17, left chuck 2 and right chuck 18, left electromagnetic coil 1 and right electromagnetic coil 19, five pairs of left roller 10 and right roller 11, five pairs of left wedge 9 and right wedge 12 and five pairs of left roller return springs 8 and right roller return springs 13 form.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the cage 7 is placed in the middle of the inner ring 14, so that the cage 7 can rotate relative to the inner ring 14 along the axis of the inner ring 14, and the outer ring 6 is sleeved on the cage 7 , Left and right control mechanisms 4 and 16, left and right control mechanism return springs 3 and 17 and left and right return spring chucks 2 and 18 are symmetrically distributed in turn at the left and right ends of the inner ring 14.

As shown in Figure 1, the inner surface of the outer ring 14 is a symmetrically distributed flat inclined surface, as shown in Figure 3, the shortest distance between the inner surface of the outer ring 14 and the outer surface of the inner ring 6 is smaller than the diameter of the left and right rollers 10 and 11 , the farthest distance is greater than the diameter of the left and right rollers 10, 11, thereby forming a wedge-shaped groove, when the left and right rollers 10, 11 are located in the wedge-shaped groove, the space gap is large (between the inner surface of the outer ring 14 and the outer surface of the inner ring 6 When the distance between them is far away), the left and right rollers 10, 11 can move relatively freely; When the distance between them is relatively close), the left and right rollers 10, 11 will be locked.

As shown in Figure 10, the structure of the left control structure 4 and the right control structure 16 is exactly the same. Taking the left control structure 4 as an example, its main body is a circular sleeve with inner edges at both ends and outer edges at one end. On the end face of the outer edge, there are five identical left wedge claws 5 evenly distributed parallel to its axis, and the claw heads of the left wedge claws 5 are wider than the claw roots.

As shown in Figure 12, the cage 7 is a hollow frame structure, which is composed of two end plates and five lateral spacers, and five wedge-shaped holes are respectively opened on the two end plates. The shape of the wedge-shaped holes is Matches the shape of the end faces of the wedge claws, and the positions of the wedge-shaped holes on the two end plates are staggered, and the left and right wedge claws 5 and 15 of the left and right control mechanisms 4 and 16 are installed facing each other, passing through the two end plates of the cage 7 respectively In the staggered wedge-shaped holes, the outer end faces of the left and right control mechanisms 4 and 16 lean against the outer sides of the two end plates of the cage 7 .

Left and right control mechanism back-moving springs 3 and 17 lean against the inner edges of left and right control mechanisms 4 and 16 respectively, and left and right chucks 2 and 18 inboards are provided with splines. Spline grooves are respectively opened on the outer circumferential surfaces of the two ends of the inner ring 14 . The left and right chucks 2 and 18 are located on the outsides of the left and right control mechanism return springs 3 and 17 respectively, and are respectively connected with the inner ring 14 by splines, and the left and right return spring chucks 2 and 18 are connected with the inner ring 14. The space between them is an interference fit, the left and right control mechanisms 4 and 16 are sleeved on the left and right chucks 2 and 18, and can rotate freely relative to the chucks, and the left and right electromagnetic coils 1 and 19 are respectively sleeved on the left and right chucks. On the control mechanisms 4 and 16, the left and right electromagnetic coils 1 and 19 are turned on and off, so that the left and right control mechanisms 4 and 16 can overcome the return springs 3 and 3 of the left and right control mechanisms under the action of electromagnetic force. 17 Sliding along the axial direction due to elastic force generated by elastic deformation.

As shown in Figure 2, taking the left side as an example, the electromagnetic coil makes the control mechanism move axially in the following manner: when the left electromagnetic coil 1 is energized, the left control mechanism 4 moves to the left under the action of electromagnetic force, because the left One end of the control mechanism return spring 3 leans against the inner edge of the left control mechanism 4, and the other end rests on the left chuck 2. Driven by the left control mechanism 4, the left control mechanism return spring 3 is compressed (compressed to the left) ) and produce deformation; when the left electromagnetic coil 1 is powered off, the electromagnetic force disappears at this time, and the return spring 3 of the left control mechanism is stretched to the right because it will return to its original shape, and then drives the left control mechanism 4 to move to the right in turn, returning to the original state. original position.

As shown in Figure 3, corresponding to the above-mentioned cage 7 and the left and right control mechanisms 4 and 16, there are five pairs of left and right roller return springs 8 and 13, five pairs of left and right rollers 10 and 11, and five pairs of The left and right wedges 9 and 12 are sequentially installed in the wedge-shaped groove formed by the outer ring 6 and the inner ring 14. Taking a set of left return spring 8, left roller 10 and left wedge 9 as an example, the installation method is as follows:

One end of the left roller return spring 8 leans against the spacer plate of the cage 7, the other end is in contact with the left roller 10, and the other side of the left ball 10 is in contact with the left wedge 9, wherein the left wedge 9 is installed on the retainer In the frame 7, it is relatively stationary with the cage in the axial direction. In addition, the contact surface between the left wedge 9 and the left roller 10 is an arc-shaped groove, so that the left roller 10 can be placed in the arc-shaped groove to ensure that the left wedge 9 and the left roller 10 are in full contact, so that the force Delivery is smoother.

Next, taking the left control mechanism 4 on the left as an example, the control process of the left control mechanism 4 on the left roller 10 is explained:

As shown in Figure 10, the claw head size of the left wedge claw 5 of the left control mechanism 4 is larger than the claw root, and its contact side with the left wedge 9 is a slope, and correspondingly, the left wedge 9 and the left wedge 5 The contact side is also an inclined surface, and the two inclined surfaces are in contact with each other;

As shown in Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and Fig. 11, when the left control mechanism 4 slides to the left (i.e. outside), the claw head of the left wedge claw 5 gradually moves to the wider end of the left wedge 9, and the left wedge claw 5 and the The sum of the dimensions of the left wedge 9 in the circumferential direction becomes larger. Since the existing space is fixed, the left wedge 9 is fixed in the cage 7 and cannot move axially, but can only move in the circumferential direction, that is, roll to the left. As the column 10 moves, the left wedge 9 will squeeze the left roller 10, forcing it to move toward the elastically deformable roller reset left spring 8. As can be seen from Figure 5, the left roller The column 10 moves to the place where the wedge-shaped groove has a larger space (greater than the diameter of the roller);

Conversely, when the left control mechanism 4 moves to the right (i.e., the inner side) to restore the initial state, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, the left roller 10 will return to the left roller under the elastic force of the left roller return spring 8. 8. Restore the movement in the direction of deformation. As can be seen from Fig. 3, the left roller 10 moves to the place where the space of the wedge-shaped groove is smaller (less than the diameter of the roller);

The specific work process of the present invention will be introduced in detail below:

1. Positive one-way transcendence

As shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 , at this moment, the right electromagnetic coil 19 is energized, and the left electromagnetic coil 1 is not energized. The left electromagnetic coil 1 is not energized, and the left control mechanism 4 is not affected by electromagnetic force. Under the action of the return spring 3 of the left control mechanism, it is close to the cage, and the left wedge 9 and the left The roller 10 is at the end of the wedge-shaped groove with a small gap, that is, the left wedge 9 controlled by the left control mechanism 4 will not affect the movement of the left roller 10, and the left roller 10 is only affected by the left roller return spring 8 . The right electromagnetic coil 19 is energized, and the right control mechanism 16 overcomes the elastic force of the right control mechanism return spring 17 to move to the right under the action of electromagnetic force, and the right wedge pawl 15 on the right control mechanism 16 moves to the right with respect to the right wedge 12 , because its contact surface is an inclined plane, the movement of the wedge claw is axial. At this time, the movement direction of the right wedge 12 is perpendicular to the right wedge claw 5, that is, along the circumferential direction, and pushes the right roller 11 to overcome the right roller The elastic force of the return spring 13 moves toward the end with a large gap in the space of the wedge-shaped groove. At this time, since the right roller 11 is in a relatively active state due to the relatively large space, the right roller 11 will rotate relative to the inner and outer rings 6. There is no hindering effect. At this time, as seen from FIG. 5 , the inner ring 14 of the overrunning clutch can rotate counterclockwise relatively freely without transmitting power. When the inner ring 14 rotates clockwise, the left roller 10 controlled by the left control mechanism 4 will roll to the end of the wedge-shaped groove with a small space, and will be locked, thereby driving the outer ring 6 to rotate and transmitting power. Therefore, in this working state, the inner ring rotates clockwise to transmit power, while counterclockwise rotation does not transmit power.

2. Reverse one-way transcendence

As shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 , at this time, the left electromagnetic coil 1 is energized, and the right electromagnetic coil 19 is not energized. The right electromagnetic coil 19 is not energized, and the right control mechanism 16 is not subjected to the action of electromagnetic force. Under the action of the right control mechanism return spring 17, it is close to the cage 7, and the right wedge 12 connected with the right control mechanism wedge claw 15 is in a wedge shape. The little end of groove space gap, namely the right wedge 12 controlled by the right control mechanism 16 can not affect the motion of the right roller 11, and the right roller 11 is only subjected to the effect of the right roller back-moving spring 13. The left electromagnetic coil 1 is energized, and the left control mechanism 4 overcomes the elastic force of the return spring 3 of the left control mechanism to move to the left under the action of the electromagnetic force, and at the same time, the left wedge claw 5 on the left control mechanism 4 moves to the left relative to the left wedge 9 , because its contact surface is a slope, the movement of the left wedge claw 5 is axial, so the movement direction of the left wedge 9 is perpendicular to the left wedge claw 5, that is, along the circumferential direction, and pushes the left roller 10 to overcome the left roller reset The elastic force of the spring 8 moves to the end where the gap of the wedge-shaped space is large, and now the left roller 10 will not hinder the relative movement of the inner ring 14 and the outer ring 6 . At this time, the inner ring 14 of the overrunning clutch rotates clockwise without transmitting power. When the inner ring 14 rotates counterclockwise, the left roller 11 controlled by the right control mechanism 16 will roll to the end of the wedge-shaped groove where the space is small, that is, the rotation of the inner ring 14 will be locked by the left roller 11, thereby driving the outer ring 6 to rotate , transfer power. And when the rotational speed of the outer ring 6 is higher than that of the inner ring 14, the locking is automatically disengaged, and power is no longer transmitted.

3. Two-way transcendence

As shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 , both the left electromagnetic coil 1 and the right electromagnetic coil 19 are energized at this time. The left electromagnetic coil 1 is energized, and the left control mechanism 4 overcomes the elastic force of the return spring 3 of the left control mechanism to move to the left under the action of the electromagnetic force, and at the same time, the left wedge claw 5 on the left control mechanism 4 moves to the left relative to the left wedge 9 , because its contact surface is a slope, the movement of the left wedge claw 5 is axial, so the movement direction of the left wedge 9 is perpendicular to the left wedge claw 5, and pushes the left roller 10 to overcome the left roller return spring 8 to the wedge groove A section of movement with a large space gap, so the left roller 10 will have no effect on the relative movement of the inner ring 14 and the outer ring 6 . The right electromagnetic coil 19 is energized, and the right control mechanism 16 overcomes the elastic force of the right control mechanism return spring 17 to move to the right under the action of electromagnetic force, and the right wedge pawl 15 on the right control mechanism 16 moves to the right with respect to the right wedge 12 , since its contact surface is an inclined plane, the movement of the right wedge claw 15 is axial, so the movement direction of the right wedge block 12 is perpendicular to the right wedge claw 15, and pushes the right roller 11 to overcome the right roller return spring 13 to the wedge groove One end with a large space gap moves, so the right roller 11 will have no effect on the relative movement of the inner ring 14 and the outer ring 6 . At this time, the inner ring 14 and the outer ring 6 can move freely in both clockwise and counterclockwise directions, and no power is transmitted in both directions.

4. Two-way wedging

As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 , at this moment, neither the left electromagnetic coil 1 nor the right electromagnetic coil 19 is energized. The left electromagnetic coil 1 is not energized, and the left control mechanism 4 is not affected by electromagnetic force. Under the action of the return spring 3 of the left control mechanism, it is close to the cage 7, and the left wedge 9 connected with the wedge claw 5 of the left control mechanism is in a wedge shape. The little end of the groove space gap, namely the left wedge 5 controlled by the left control mechanism 4 can not affect the motion of the left roller 10, and the left roller 10 is only affected by the left roller back-moving spring 8. The right coil 19 is not energized, and the right control mechanism 16 is not subjected to electromagnetic force, and is abutted on the cage 7 under the action of the right back-moving spring 17, and the right wedge 12 connected with the right wedge claw 15 is in the small gap of the wedge-shaped groove space. One end, that is, the right wedge 12 controlled by the right control mechanism 16 can not affect the motion of the right roller 11, and the right roller 11 is only affected by the right roller return spring 13. At this time, if the inner ring 14 rotates clockwise relative to the outer ring 6, its movement will be locked by the left roller 10 controlled by the left control mechanism 4, thereby driving the outer ring 6 to rotate. If the inner ring 14 rotates counterclockwise relative to the outer ring 6 , its motion will be locked by the right roller 11 controlled by the right control mechanism 16, thereby driving the outer ring 6 to rotate. In this way, two-way wedging will be achieved, and power will be transmitted in both directions.

Claims (8)

1. a two-way controllable overrunning clutch, primarily of inner ring (14), outer ring (6), left and right electromagnetic coil (1,19) and left and right control mechanism (4,16) composition, it is characterized in that: described inner ring (14) is equipped with retainer (7), the left and right wedge pawl (5,15) on left and right control mechanism (4,16) outer end face is each passed through perforate corresponding on retainer (7) end plate and is slidably mounted on inner ring (14) two ends, the inner side surface of described outer ring (14) and inner ring (6) outer side surface form symmetrical wedge slot, successively a left side is installed respectively in it, right roller Returnning spring (8, 13), left, right roller (10, 11) and left, right voussoir (9, 12), a described left side, right roller Returnning spring (8, 13) lean respectively on retainer (7) lateral spacing plate, left, right voussoir (9, 12) respectively with a left side, right wedge pawl (5, 15) contact connects, work as a left side, right control mechanism (4, 16) when sliding axially, by a left side, right wedge pawl (5, 15) left side is controlled respectively, right roller (10, 11) and left, right voussoir (9, 12) along the circumferential direction move, left, right roller (10, 11) movable in wedge slot or locking.

2. a kind of two-way controllable overrunning clutch as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the inner side surface of described outer ring (14) is symmetrical inclined-plane, between outer ring (14) inner side surface and inner ring (6) outer side surface, minimum distance is less than left and right roller (10,11) diameter, maximum distance is greater than left and right roller (10,11) diameter, forms described wedge slot.

3. a kind of two-way controllable overrunning clutch as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the pawl head circumferential size of described left and right wedge pawl (5,15) is greater than radix unguis, described left and right voussoir (9,12) is the inclined-plane fitted with the surface of contact of left and right wedge pawl (5,15).

4. a kind of two-way controllable overrunning clutch as described in claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterized in that: the side that described left and right voussoir (9,12) contacts with left and right roller (10,11) is spill arc groove, and left and right roller (10,11) is placed in this spill arc groove respectively.

5. a kind of two-way controllable overrunning clutch as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described left and right control mechanism (4,16) is built-in with left and right control mechanism Returnning spring (3,17), left and right control mechanism Returnning spring (3,17) outer end is equipped with left and right chuck (2,18) respectively, described left and right chuck (2,18) is arranged on inner ring (14) two ends, and relatively vertically with left and right control mechanism (4,16) respectively rotates and slide.

6. a kind of two-way controllable overrunning clutch as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: described left and right chuck (2,18) and inner ring (14) adopt key to be connected respectively, and are interference fit.

7. a kind of two-way controllable overrunning clutch as described in claim 1,2,3,5 or 6, it is characterized in that: the outer end face of described left and right control mechanism (4,16) is evenly distributed with respectively five left and right wedge pawls (5,15), correspond ground, retainer (7) side direction is provided with five space bars, described left and right control mechanism (4,16) and retainer (7) synchronous rotary.

8. a kind of two-way controllable overrunning clutch as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described left and right electromagnetic coil electromagnetic coil (1,19) is nested with respectively on left and right control mechanism (4,16), by switching electricity so that control left and right control mechanism (4,16) straight line motion vertically.