CN104587836A - 从电渗析废弃物流回收甜菜碱的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开从电渗析(ED)废弃物流回收甜菜碱的方法，其中使用压力驱动的膜处理法处理所述废弃物流。
Description
本申请是申请日为2010年2月3日、中国专利申请号为201080006621.0(国际申请号为PCT/EP2010/000655)、发明名称为“从电渗析废弃物流回收甜菜碱的方法”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明公开通过压力驱动的膜处理法从来自甜菜碱制备过程的电渗析废弃物流回收甜菜碱的方法。
背景技术
甜菜碱的合成常常会在反应混合物中伴有化学计算量的有机或无机盐的产生。产物通常通过多种纯化方法(例如蒸馏、提取、结晶、电渗析或其它单元操作)与盐进一步分离。每种纯化/分离方法不可避免地遭受产物损失。
电渗析(ED)为一种用于纯化液体混合物中的有机产物的膜技术。ED可以任意方式用于降低混合物中的盐浓度且此外可用于选择性除去液体溶液中所含有的有机化合物。所述分离的驱动力为跨膜电场。由于扩散现象和/或渗透压，因而不可避免会有产物损失进入所述废弃物流中。(参见EP 0163222 B2，实施例1c，公开82％的产率)。
可应用压力驱动的膜处理法(例如反渗透(Reverse Osmosis)、纳米过滤(nanofiltration)、超滤(ultrafiltration)或微过滤(microfiltration))来浓缩/保留有机化合物。根据所用膜的类型，所述盐将仅部分地浓缩/保留。
现有技术具有若干种主要缺点。由于例如扩散及/或渗透压引起的废弃物流中的产物损失会减少ED过程的产率且造成废弃物流的有机负担(organic freight)(总有机碳(total organic carbon，TOC))。因此，若产物的生物可降解性差，则废弃物流在生物废弃物流处理厂常常得不到适当地处理，从而要求随后进行对工业生产而言成本过高的焚化步骤。因此，需要一种在甜菜碱化合物纯化期间最小化产物损失的新型方法。
发明内容
本发明的方法可克服现有技术的上述缺点，其中使用压力驱动的膜处理法处理ED废弃物流并将回收的甜菜碱返回进入ED单元来提高产率。
根据本发明的甜菜碱(例如4-三甲铵基丁内盐及L-肉碱)的制备包含使用ED对其进行纯化。在所述纯化步骤期间，以欲同时达到两个目的的方式控制ED的操作参数。第一个目的在于减少存在于甜菜碱液体溶液中的例如氯化钠(NaCl)、氢氧化钠(NaOH)、四甲铵等无机盐。第二个目的在于选择性除去例如4-羟基丁酸、(E)-4-羟基丁烯酸、三甲胺等有机化合物。为了达到所述目的，各ED流(原料、稀释物、浓缩物及电解质)中待调节的ED参数为pH值、盐及有机化合物的浓度、导电率、温度等。所述调节是在本领域普通技术人员的常规能力范畴内。应用于ED的膜应可高度脱盐并除去不需要的有机化合物(例如4-羟基丁酸或(E)-4-羟基丁烯酸)且同时应进入ED浓缩物流中的甜菜碱化合物的损失最小化。
应用于压力驱动处理法(例如反渗透、纳米过滤、超滤或微过滤)的膜应保留所需的甜菜碱达到可能的最高程度，但是应最小化盐及不需要的有机化合物(例如4-羟基丁酸或(E)-4-羟基丁烯酸)的保留。由于甜菜碱化合物(例如4-三甲铵基丁内盐及L-肉碱)的结构与个别有机化合物(例如4-羟基丁酸及(E)-4-羟基丁烯酸)类似，因此惊人的是，通过本发明的方法可分别达到甜菜碱化合物的良好的保留度(retention grade)及有机化合物的实质上降低的保留度。混合物中的所述化合物在保留度方面的差异可使其分离。
在所述过滤过程期间，调节操作参数(温度、压力、流量、过滤周期及浓缩系数)可分别控制甜菜碱(例如4-三甲铵基丁内盐及L-肉碱)及其杂质(例如4-羟基丁酸及(E)-4-羟基丁烯酸)的保留度。此外，所述调节是在本领域普通技术人员的常规能力范畴内。
因此，甜菜碱所达到的保留度优选在1％至100％之间，更优选在50％至100％之间，甚至更优选在80％至100％之间，且最优选为100％。同时，有机杂质所达到的保留度优选在30％至95％之间。本发明的方法关于分离存在于甜菜碱混合物中的杂质可具有高度灵活性。上文提及的过滤参数的调节将决定是否会达到高度的分离。为了达到ED的废弃物流的有机负担(总有机碳，TOC)的显著减少且为了避免由于纯化过程内部某些ED流的再循环引起的杂质(例如4-羟基丁酸及(E)-4-羟基丁烯酸)积聚，过滤参数的调节可成为关键帮助。
依据本发明，盐的保留度优选在100％以下，更优选在0至50％的范围内且最优选为0至10％。
本发明的膜为惯用于所述领域的膜。具体地，其包括聚合膜、陶瓷膜及在ED废弃物流含有有机溶剂(例如醇、酮、酯、醚、芳族烃或氯化溶剂)的情况下对有机溶剂稳定的专用聚合膜。所述压力驱动的膜处理法优选为反渗透、纳米过滤、超滤或微过滤。
根据本发明的所需产物为甜菜碱。
所述甜菜碱优选选自4-三甲铵基丁内盐及L-肉碱。
根据本发明的产物优选在水中具有良好的溶解度。
本发明亦涵盖如图2中所描述用压力驱动的膜处理法处理ED废弃物流且随后将其引入第二ED单元来改良甜菜碱产率的方法。
本发明通过使用ED实现甜菜碱产物(例如4-三甲铵基丁内盐及L-肉碱)纯化的产率的显著增加且同时实质减少ED的废弃物流的有机负担(总有机碳，TOC)。两个方面对甜菜碱(例如4-三甲铵基丁内盐及L-肉碱)制备的竞争性而言都具有显著的经济意义。
附图说明
图1描述具有一个ED单元及一个回收单元的本发明方法。
图2描述具有两个ED单元及一个回收单元的本发明方法。
具体实施方式
下列实施例中将更详细地描述本发明。
比较实施例：小型装置规模ED试验的设备及描述：
用于进行ED处理的设备由配备有具有10对64cm2的PES-膜的层叠组件(stack)的ED小型装置组成。试验以批次模式进行，但是，亦可实施连续操作模式。3台泵负责将浓缩物(废水流)、稀释物(产物流)及电解质(服务流)溶液循环至膜层叠组件。使用3个转子流量计调节及测量所述3种流的流量。
为了保证在ED处理期间选择性除去所述副产物且因此最大化处理产率，对浓缩物流及稀释物流中的pH值及温度实施控制。在ED试验期间，控制并记录所述3种流的pH值、导电率、温度及流量。
上述设备用于脱盐及从液体反应混合物中纯化4-三甲铵基丁内盐。在优化的条件下所获得的4-三甲铵基丁内盐的产率为88％。
上述设备亦用于脱盐及从液体反应混合物中纯化L-肉碱。在优化的条件下所获得的L-肉碱的产率为88％至94％。
实施例1：从ED废弃物流回收4-三甲铵基丁内盐(4-butyrobetain)(CAS-Nr.407-64-7)
在纳米过滤中试装置(pilot plant)中处理工业规模的ED装置的废弃物流。使用购自Kochmembranes的膜面积为7.9m2的TFC-SR-3型四英寸螺旋卷式膜组件(spiral wound membranemodule)将500kg的所述废弃物流浓缩至126kg。起始温度为23℃且在试验期间调节至44℃。起始压力为14bar且在试验期间调节至高达30bar。从保留物(浓缩物)及渗透物(废水)中取样。丁基甜菜碱的浓度从起始2.6wt％上升至8.4wt％。在浓缩阶段过程中，丁基甜菜碱的保留经计算为80％至100％。在浓缩阶段过程中，4-羟基丁酸的保留经计算为30％至95％。在试验过程中，膜未保留氯化钠。
根据来自纳米过滤试验的结果及来自ED装置的数据，计算总质量平衡。若纳米过滤处理法用作ED废弃物流的后处理且将保留产物再循环至ED，则4-三甲铵基丁内盐的总产率可从如比较实施例中所示的88％显著上升至98％。
实施例2：从ED废弃物流回收L-肉碱(CAS-Nr.541-15-1)
在实验室规模的纳米过滤装置中处理上述实验室规模的ED装置的废弃物流。使用装有Nitto Denko的具有的膜面积为0.02m2的NTR-729HG S4F型平板膜(flat sheets membrane)的膜组件将2.648kg的废弃物流浓缩至0.835kg。在试验期间，温度为23℃。压力为32bar。从保留物(浓缩物)及渗透物(废水)中取样。保留物中L-肉碱的浓度从起始1.3wt％上升至3.3wt％。在浓缩阶段过程中，L-肉碱的保留经计算为80％至100％。在浓缩阶段过程中，(E)-4-羟基丁烯酸的保留经计算为30％至95％。在试验过程中，膜未保留氯化钠。
根据来自纳米过滤试验的结果及来自ED小型装置的数据，计算总质量平衡。若纳米过滤处理法用作ED废弃物流的后处理且将保留产物再循环至ED，则L-肉碱的总产率可从如比较实施例中所示的88％显著上升至98％。
Claims (1)
1.从来自甜菜碱制备过程的电渗析(ED)废弃物流回收甜菜碱的方法，其中用压力驱动的膜处理法处理所述废弃物流。
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| EP2920143B1 (en) | 2012-11-16 | 2020-04-29 | Lonza Ltd | Methods for decolorizing compositions comprising betaines |
| FR3026104B1 (fr) | 2014-09-19 | 2017-11-17 | Tetrahedron | Procede d'obtention de la l-hercynine pure |
| CN104805225B (zh) * | 2015-04-02 | 2018-02-27 | 广西大学 | 一种原生态黑糖的加工方法 |
| US20180056242A1 (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2018-03-01 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Combined electrodialysis and pressure membrane systems and methods for processing water samples |
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| US4802965A (en) * | 1984-12-21 | 1989-02-07 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Concentrating aqueous solutions of organic compounds which contain salts, with simultaneous reduction of the salt content |
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| CN101861298A (zh) * | 2007-11-16 | 2010-10-13 | 隆萨有限公司 | 甜菜碱的制备方法 |
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