CN104569480B - A kind of liquid impulse force Flow speed measurer and its measurement method - Google Patents
A kind of liquid impulse force Flow speed measurer and its measurement method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to mud flow measurement technology fields, and in particular to a kind of liquid impulse force Flow speed measurer and its measurement method.It utilizes lever principle, and the relationship of impulse force and flow velocity can accurately measure water velocity in open channel, of less demanding to water quality, flow rates, and can be used for a long time in the open channel for having impurity.To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention includes sheath top plate, weighing sensor is connected with by sensor fixing bolt in the sheath top plate, one end of the sheath top plate is connected with force rod by shaft, mainboard shell has also been bolted in the sheath top plate, the mainboard enclosure is fixed with data processing mainboard, and the weighing sensor is connected by dynamometry signal port with data processing mainboard.
Description
One, technical field
The invention belongs to mud flow measurement technology fields, and in particular to a kind of liquid impulse force Flow speed measurer and its measurement
Method.
Two, background technology
Water movement with Free Surface, referred to as open-channel flow in all rivers, canal, artificial tunnel hole.To open channel water
When stream carries out flow rate calculation, it is necessary to carry out flow velocity measurement.
Three kinds of flow-speed measurement method major mechanical, electrical measurement and ultrasound at present.Mechanical Method current meter has rotation based on rotator type
Paddle and cup-type current meter.Electrical measuring method current meter has electromagnetic type current meter, ultrasonic method current meter to have time difference method and Doppler method
Current meter.Rotary propeller type and cup-type current meter are mostly hand-held current meter, can measure instantaneous velocity, but due in mechanical structure
Deficiency, be not suitable for using in the serious open channel of impurity for a long time, and higher to water quality requirement, flow rates are restricted, accurately
Degree is general.Electromagnetic type current meter and Doppler laser velocimeter, stream field is noiseless, does not have to calibration, and precision is high, but system is multiple
It is miscellaneous, it is expensive.
To solve the above problems, developing a kind of for not high to water quality requirement, flow rates to be unrestricted, at low cost and can
The liquid impulse force flow-speed measurement method of the high-precision Flow speed measurer used in the open channel for having impurity for a long time is very necessary
's.
Three, invention content
The present invention in order to solve the shortcoming in above-mentioned background technology, provide a kind of liquid impulse force Flow speed measurer and its
Measurement method.It utilizes lever principle, the relationship of impulse force and flow velocity water velocity in open channel can be accurately measured, to water quality, flow velocity
Area requirement is not high, and can be used for a long time in the open channel for having impurity.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of liquid impulse force Flow speed measurer, feature exist
In：Including sheath top plate, weighing sensor, the shell are connected with by sensor fixing bolt in the sheath top plate
One end of top plate is connected with force rod by shaft, and mainboard shell has also been bolted in the sheath top plate, described
Mainboard enclosure be fixed with data processing mainboard, the weighing sensor passes through dynamometry signal port and data processing master
Plate is connected.
The weighing sensor model L6D-Cx-xxkg-0.4B.
A kind of measurement method of the liquid impulse force Flow speed measurer, it is characterised in that：The measurement method is：
When there is flow to pass through force rod, for force rod by the impulse force of water, force rod is axis point to weighing and sensing using shaft
Stress point direction on device squeezes, and stress point is under pressure, and weighing sensor will be transmitted by force signal by dynamometry signal port
Data processing mainboard is given, data processing mainboard can be obtained the impulse force of flow according to " lever equilibrium condition ", according to impulsive force
The average speed of flow can be calculated with the relationship of flow velocity.
The impulse force is equal to power；The distance of impact of water position is power arm in the shaft to force rod；By
The pressure that force is subject to is resistance；The distance of shaft to stress point is resistance arm.
The power operational formula is：Power × power arm=resistance × resistance arm.
It provides the calculation formula between impulse force and flow velocity and obtains the formula of flow average speed.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantage that as follows with effect：
(1) simple in structure, measurement method is simple and high certainty of measurement；
(2) not high to water quality requirement, as long as current meter installation point upstream installation filter screen can release water quality in open channel
Problem；
(3) flow velocity size is unrestricted, as long as selecting the weighing sensor of suitable range, flow rates can be adaptive；
(4) water level height is unrestricted, can be according to the length of the high high adjustment force rod of water level.
(5) it can be used in the open channel for having impurity for a long time.
The present invention measures open channel flow velocity, is combined with photo-electric surveying on sludge thickness method, is calculated using velocity-area method
Flow can create huge economic benefit and social benefit.
Four, it illustrates
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of invention；
Fig. 2 is mainboard enclosure structure chart；
Fig. 3 is data processing motherboard circuit logical construction block diagram；
Fig. 4 is power supply processing circuit schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is processor and temperature acquisition, reset circuit schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is pressure acquisition circuit diagram；
Fig. 7 is memory circuit schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 is RS485 telecommunication circuit schematic diagrams；
Fig. 9 is parameter scale diagrams；
Figure 10 is water impact force rod schematic diagram；
Figure 11 is flow velocity profile；
Figure 12 is flow curve figure；
In figure, 1- sheath top plates, 2- weighing sensors, 3- sensor fixing bolts, 4- stress points, 5- force rods, 6- turns
Axis, 7- dynamometry signal ports, 8- mainboard shells, 9- data processing mainboards.
Five, specific implementation mode
The following describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to Fig. 1：The following describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
First part：Referring to Fig. 1：A kind of liquid impulse force Flow speed measurer, including sheath top plate 1, the sheath top plate 1
By be welded on carbon steel or stainless-steel sheet two respectively fixed rotating shaft 6 and the fixed seat of weighing sensor 2 form, it is described
Weighing sensor 2 is connected in fixed seat by sensor fixing bolt 3 in sheath top plate 1, the weighing and sensing type
Number it is L6D-Cx-xxkg-0.4B, range can meet 2.5kg~50kg, and one end of the sheath top plate is connected by shaft 6
There is force rod 5, mainboard shell 8 has been bolted in the sheath top plate 1, referring to Fig. 2, in the mainboard shell 8
Portion is fixed with data processing mainboard 9, and the weighing sensor 2 is connected by dynamometry signal port 7 with data processing mainboard 9.
When there is flow to pass through force rod 5, force rod 5 is power by the impulse force of water, and shaft 6 arrives the momentum effect point of water
Distance be power arm, force rod 5 is that stress point 4 direction of the axis point on weighing sensor 2 squeezes with shaft 6, stress point 4
Pressure is resistance, and the distance of shaft 6 to stress point 4 is resistance arm, and weighing sensor 2 will be passed through dynamometry signal port by force signal
7 are transferred to data processing mainboard 9, data processing mainboard 9 according to " lever equilibrium condition " i.e.：Power (impulse force of water) × power arm
(distance of the position of the impulse force of water to shaft 6 on force rod)=resistance (pressure that stress point is subject to) × resistance arm (stress
Point 4 arrives the distance of shaft 6), the impulse force of flow can be conversed, to which the flat of flow be calculated according to the relationship of impulse force and flow velocity
Equal speed.
Referring to Fig. 3：The data processing mainboard 9 mainly completes the functions such as acquisition, calculation process, the communication of parameter, is
By processor circuit, power supply processing circuit, pressure acquisition circuit, RS485 telecommunication circuits, memory circuit, temperature collection circuit
It is formed with reset circuit.
The master chip of the processor circuit is microcontroller MSP430F5438A, and the master chip of pressure acquisition circuit is
The master chip of ADS1246, RS485 telecommunication circuit is ADM2483, the master chip of memory circuit is 24LC1025, temperature acquisition
The master chip of circuit is DS18B20, the master chip of reset circuit is SP706SEN.
Referring to Fig. 4：The power supply processing circuit is mainly that each chip on data processing mainboard 14 provides power supply confession
The function of electricity, the DC_IN in figure are external 18V direct current supplys, and VCC represents the voltage exported and represents power ground as 3.3V, GND,
It is powered to each chip.
Referring to Fig. 5：The master chip of the processor circuit is microcontroller MSP430F5438A, for completing each section electricity
The control on road, the acquisition of parameter, operation.13, it is connected with the crystal oscillator of 32768HZ between 14 pins, is connected between 89,90 pins
The crystal oscillator of 16MHZ, two crystal oscillators provide the clock signal of needs for each chip.
The master chip of the temperature collection circuit is DS18B20, the 26 pin phases of pin 2 and MSP430F5438A
Even, the acquisition function for completing temperature.
The master chip of the reset circuit be SP706SEN, pin 6,7 respectively with the pin of MSP430F5438A 79,
96 are connected.
Referring to Fig. 6：The master chip of the pressure acquisition circuit be ADS1246 chips, for acquire weighing sensor by
The pressure size arrived.3,4,11,12,13,14,15,16 pins of the chip ADS1246 pipe with chip MSP430F5438A respectively
Foot 43,47,48,49,31,32,50,51 connects, and is controlled the acquisition of pressure by MSP430F5438A, operation.
Referring to Fig. 7：The master chip of the memory circuit is 24LC1025, and 5,6,7 pins are respectively with 69,70,68
Pin is connected, the parameter for storing final calculated data and its setting.
Referring to Fig. 8：Shown in RS485 telecommunication circuits master chip be ADM2483, pin 3,4,6 respectively with
The pin 81,82,80 of MSP430F5438A is connected, the transmitting-receiving for carrying out RS485 signals；Port 485B, 485A are used for and it
His daemon software or other products communicate.
Second part：Specific measurement method demonstration
Referring to Fig. 9：The parameter size of each section is：Shaft at a distance from weighing sensor stress point be l1, shaft arrives
The distance of force rod bottom is l2, the width of force rod is lIt is wide, the depth that force rod enters water is h.(1) work of the water to force rod 5
Firmly
Referring to Figure 10：Calculation basis momentum theorem of the water to the active force of force rod 5：Water impact is put down to force rod 5
On the CD of face, the direction of flow produces variation.Grain direction along AB, FE is become from original horizontal direction.
Select the direction of flow for x-axis.
The plane of force rod 5 is F to the active force of water, and direction is perpendicular to plane along the negative direction of x-axis.
Momentum theorem is applied in the x direction：
- Ft=0-mV
M=ρ VtA
Wherein：M is the quality of the flow flowed through in time t, and V is the original speed of flow, and A is the plane of 5- force rods
Sectional area.
It can be obtained by both the above formula：F=ρ V2A
(2) force rod 5 does not shift
According to lever principle：
FWaterLWater=FPressureLPressure ①
Wherein：FWater=ξ ρ v2ABar=ξ ρ v2hlIt is wide
LPressure=l1
The factor of above approximately：Water is approximately equal to position in force rod 5 to the active force of the underwater portion of force rod 5
Underwater portionPlace, ξ are the correction factor of the active force of water, FWaterIt is flow to the impulse force of force rod 5, LWaterIt is rushed for flow
The arm of force of power, FPressureFor the pressure that weighing sensor is subject to, LPressureFor the arm of force of weighing sensor stress.By each parameter substitution formula 1. formula
In,
Then： ②
It can obtain： ③
In experimental stage, ξ=1, n=2, ρ=10 are first taken3kg/m3, size is derived
3. formula formula can be with abbreviation： ④
(3) apply certain first power by gravity
Due to there are zero shakiness phenomenon, needing to apply certain starting force to device, weighing sensor 2 made to be maintained at one
The state of a stabilization.The starting force cannot influence the starting velocity of device measurement, can not occur in entire measurement process
Variation, so applying starting force by the gravity of of force rod 5 itself.
In the force rod 5 of fixing device, certain inclination is brought it about, angle of inclination is：θ, by the weight of force rod
Power applies certain first power to weighing sensor 2, it was demonstrated that as long as starting force is constant under which, then the formula that tests the speed is with not tilting
Consistent.
⑤
A starting force F is given using the inclination of force rod 50, work as FWaterWhen being 0, only starting force F0Effect, then by above formula
It can obtain：
⑥
6. formula 5. formula will be substituted into,
Therefore： ⑦
I.e.： ⑧
As long as the angle of inclination of force rod 5 remains unchanged, then calculation formula is unrelated with the size at the angle of inclination of force rod.
So the calculation formula of flow velocity is readily modified as：
⑨
The sensor that the present apparatus uses is weighing sensor 2, and dynamometry unit is kg, therefore above formula is converted into：
⑩
Wherein g is acceleration of gravity, FPressure、F0Unit be kg.
Part III：
Pass through experiment：Verify the feasibility of flow velocity harvester and the accuracy of flow velocity measurement.
1. content of the test
(1) stability and repeatability of the device when testing same flow velocity
(2) accuracy for the speed that device measures
2. test instrument：Demarcate sink, the pipeline flowmeter of current meter, ruler.
3. test method：By 5 lowermost end of force rod apart from sink 0.7cm, 2 one starting forces of weighing sensor are given.
(1) flow is fixed on a stabilization flow velocity by regulating water flow.
(2) it is whether steady that pipeline flow Q, the range for the power that weighing sensor 2 measures, and observation real-time sampling curve are recorded
It is scheduled on a fixed range.
(3) different water flows is adjusted, repeats step (1) (2), twice in same flow, weighing sensor 2 is surveyed for observation
Whether the range of the power obtained is consistent.
(4) mean flow rate in sink is calculated by pipeline flow and is used as reference, calculated according to the power that weighing sensor 2 measures
Flow velocity is simultaneously compared with mean flow rate.
4. test data：
(1) sensors of large measurement range (100kg), starting force 0.87N are used
1 100kg range sensors test datas of table
2 100kg range sensors test data analysis of table
(2) small-range (10kg) sensor, starting force 0.158kg are used
3 10kg range sensors test data analysis of table
5. test result analysis：
(1) as seen from the experiment, to sensors of large measurement range device, the range of flow different to three is tested,
When flow is fixed, water level at force rod 5 can be approximately considered water speed phase when measuring same flow twice close to equal
Deng.When water speed is equal, the AD sampled values of weighing sensor 2 and the registration of transformed power are observed, it is observed that same
When flow velocity, the front and back AD values measured twice are close, if excluding error caused by human factor, it is believed that the two approximation phase
Deng that is,：When measuring same water speed, the repeatability of weighing sensor 2 has good stability.
(2) flow velocity and mean flow rate difference being calculated according to the algorithm studied are little, use wide range and a small amount of
When journey sensor, every group of numerical value is all available very close to, it was demonstrated that device, and precision is very high, and calibration can also be carried out to it makes it more
Accurately.
Referring to Figure 11, Figure 12：
The Mine-used I. S open channel mud position floodometer of water velocity is measured in Xinglongzhuang Mine central water using this method
Cang Dong has carried out 20 days by a definite date type approval tests, has during which done curve record respectively to flow velocity and flow.Due to daily in mine
It will drain so flow phenomenon small when can be sometimes big, with the variation of flow, the also regular change therewith of corresponding flow velocity
Change, tallies with the actual situation.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of liquid impulse force Flow speed measurer, it is characterised in that：Including sheath top plate (1), lead in the sheath top plate (1)
It crosses sensor fixing bolt (3) and is connected with weighing sensor (2), one end of the sheath top plate is connected with by shaft (6)
Force rod (5), has also been bolted mainboard shell (8) in the sheath top plate (1), in the mainboard shell (8)
Portion is fixed with data processing mainboard (9), and the weighing sensor (2) passes through dynamometry signal port (7) and data processing mainboard
(9) it is connected；
The weighing sensor model L6D-Cx-xxkg-0.4B；
A kind of measurement method of above-mentioned liquid impulse force Flow speed measurer is：
When have flow pass through force rod (5) when, force rod (5) by water impulse force, force rod (5) with shaft (6) be axis point to
Stress point (4) direction on weighing sensor (2) squeezes, and stress point (4) is under pressure, and weighing sensor (2) will be by force signal
It is transferred to data processing mainboard (9) by dynamometry signal port (7), data processing mainboard (9) basis " lever equilibrium condition " is i.e.
The impulse force that flow can be obtained can calculate the average speed of flow according to the relationship of impulsive force and flow velocity；
The impulse force is equal to power；The distance of impact of water position is power arm in the shaft to force rod；Stress point
The pressure being subject to is resistance；
The distance of shaft to stress point is resistance arm；
The power operational formula is：Power × power arm=resistance × resistance arm；
It provides the calculation formula between impulse force and flow velocity and obtains the formula of flow average speed；
Calculation formula between the impulse force and flow velocity is：
Wherein：Shaft at a distance from weighing sensor stress point be l1, the distance of shaft to force rod bottom is l2, force rod
Width be lIt is wide, the depth that force rod enters water is h, and g is acceleration of gravity, FPressureFor the pressure that weighing sensor is subject to, F0It is first
Beginning power, V are the original speed of flow；FPressure、F0Unit be kg.
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| CN110986892A (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2020-04-10 | 西北农林科技大学 | Runoff flow velocity and flow monitoring method, monitoring device and monitoring system |
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