CN105160075B - A kind of application of farmland irrigated area open channel measuring automatically flow mathematical model - Google Patents
A kind of application of farmland irrigated area open channel measuring automatically flow mathematical model Download PDFInfo
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- CN105160075B CN105160075B CN201510483985.2A CN201510483985A CN105160075B CN 105160075 B CN105160075 B CN 105160075B CN 201510483985 A CN201510483985 A CN 201510483985A CN 105160075 B CN105160075 B CN 105160075B
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001145 hydrido group Chemical group *[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
A kind of application of farmland irrigated area open channel measuring automatically flow mathematical model, the application are to be based on farmland irrigated area open channel measuring automatically flow mathematical model, realize the application of farmland irrigated area open channel measuring automatically flow；The mathematical model is made of current surveying device and control system；The application is that irrigated area open channel current surveying device model is fixed on above tested channel, swing rod is placed in open channel, water impact swing rod makes it deflect certain angle, pass through the pulse signal acquisition swing rod deflection angle of photoelectric encoder, swing rod deflection angle is compared with the mathematical model established before, obtains farmland irrigated area free flow channel flow.The present invention makes it deflect certain angle to detect farmland irrigated area open channel flow rate by founding mathematical models, using water impact swing rod, and is handled by singlechip technology, realize farmland irrigated area open channel measuring automatically flow, flow measurement precision is improved, and cheap, is promoted and applied convenient for irrigated area.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of irrigated area open channel measuring automatically flow device and its flow measurement methods, specifically, being by measuring automatically flow
In the swing rod merging open channel of mathematical model, water impact swing rod makes it deflect certain angle, is believed by the pulse of photoelectric encoder
Number acquisition swing rod deflection angle, this angle is compared with the mathematical model established before, obtains farmland irrigated area free flow channel
Flow.
Background technology
Flow detection has consequence in irrigation and water conservancy and hydrologic survey industry, it is the important set of measuring technology
At part.Realize the real-time detection to open channel flow rate, key is that can flow quantity detecting system timely and accurately detection flows
Value.With the continuous development of science and technology, the detection device and its method of open channel flow rate are also more and more.What China always used
Open channel flow rate measurement method also has experimental solwution method to survey based on velocity_area method, weir notch method, stage discharge relation method
Stream, acoustic method flow measurement are increasingly becoming a kind of new flow measurement means.
In open channel measurement based on traditional triangular-notch weir flow measurement, mainly calculated using the relationship of weir head and flow
Canal capacity size.Triangular-notch weir measurement of discharge calculation expression：Q=Ch5/2, wherein C expression relevant channels coefficients, which can table look-up, to be acquired, h
For weir head, this flow measurement is easy to operate, and unknown parameter only has h, is easy to find out canal capacity, but the water when water level is relatively high
Surface wave is moved larger, and corresponding height is not achieved to the height measurement accuracy of water level, to which to flow rate calculation, there are errors.
New technology is injected to open channel flow measurement with the introducing of sound wave, it is main to go to measure phase on survey line using ultrasonic probe
The flow velocity that should be put can be acquired with calculating such as one point method, line-of-sight course, five-spots on section in the relevant knowledge using hydro science
A survey line flow velocity acquires cross sectional flow rate mean flow rate by survey line flow velocity after pair cross-section division, utilizes formula Q=AV, that is, flow velocity face
Area method, the section flow of calculation.The measurement method is relatively complicated, but it can more accurately reflect the flowing feelings of water outlet
Condition, flow measurements are relatively accurate.
Also there is a series of use of electromagnetic flowmeters at present, main is also to pass through micro- place according to " flow velocity-water level " algorithm
The real-time calculating for managing device, accurately measures the speed of flow, and then find out flow value, but because electromagnetic flowmeter is in open channel measurement
There is relatively broad application.But because it is expensive, installation and debugging are more complicated than other flowmeters and requires tightened up etc. lack
Point prevents it from more widely using.
The above-mentioned existing device and method that can detect canal capacity, shortcoming be still by measuring environment and
The constraint of the economic condition of user etc. makes its application range be restricted, simple in structure based on this developmental research one kind,
Flow measurement rapid and convenient, it is of low cost, have a wide range of application and the field irrigation open channel not influenced by flow measurement environment is surveyed automatically
Stream devices and methods therefor is very important.
Invention content
For open channel flow measurement method and principle, to accurately calculate section flow, need to measure section point velocity
And water level relevant parameter, as long as there is barrier in water, huge variation can all occur for the fluidised form of water, so as to cause point velocity
Inaccuracy, influence flow measurement, when water level is higher, water level fluctuation is bigger, water level measurement accuracy require be not achieved,
Also volume computation can be largely effected on, it is difficult that frequently can lead to generate survey to be held at present to SEA LEVEL VARIATION and point velocity
Error is measured, influences to measure flow.
To overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of farmland irrigated area open channel measuring automatically flow numbers
Learn the application of model.
Above-mentioned purpose is achieved through the following technical solutions.
A kind of application of farmland irrigated area open channel measuring automatically flow mathematical model, the application are to be based on farmland irrigated area open channel certainly
Dynamic flow measurement mathematical model, realizes the application of farmland irrigated area open channel measuring automatically flow；
The farmland irrigated area open channel measuring automatically flow mathematical model be design one irrigated area open channel current surveying device model be fixed on by
It surveys above channel, channel water level is controlled by SEA LEVEL VARIATION in control tank, forms different flow after stable level
Uniform flow, different flow are corresponding with the different deflection angles of device, and angle is transmitted to microcontroller by photoelectric encoder, and flow is by three
Angle weir or flowmeter are measured, and the series of values of acquisition are fitted to the function curve of an angle and flow, by repeatedly
It tests to determine this function curve, establishes angle flow mathematical model, different channel mathematical models write-in microcontroller journeys will be established
Sequence, compared with measuring angle value with practical channel to be measured, to export channel flow magnitude to be measured；
It is described realize farmland irrigated area open channel measuring automatically flow application be by an irrigated area open channel current surveying device model be fixed on by
It surveys above channel, swing rod is placed in open channel, water impact swing rod makes it deflect certain angle, is believed by photoelectric encoder pulse
Number acquisition swing rod deflection angle, swing rod deflection angle is compared with the mathematical model established before, obtains farmland irrigated area open channel
Canal capacity；
The irrigated area open channel current surveying device model is made of current surveying device and control system；Its measuring device is by symmetrical
It is fixed with lifting support on the channel deck of setting and is supported by monitor station one door type structure of composition, and it is bright to be set up in farmland irrigated area
On canal channel；Infrared ambulator I is installed in one end of monitor station, the other end is equipped with controller watchcase, I He of stepper motor
Stepper motor II is set to the both ends of monitor station, and is connected and rotated by lead screw；Pacified by encoder-mounting bracket on lead screw
Equipped with swing rod and its photoelectric encoder, infrared ambulator II and level meter；Its control system is arranged in instrument control box
There are microcontroller, signal acquisition and transmission circuit, power supply, test and mode selecting button and liquid crystal display, and is connected by line
Control has infrared ambulator I, infrared ambulator II, photoelectric encoder and lifting support.
Wherein, the open channel road of the farmland irrigated area open channel measuring automatically flow mathematical model is one in U-shaped, ladder type and square type
Kind.
The application that a kind of above-mentioned the provided farmland irrigated area open channel measuring automatically flow mathematical model of the present invention is provided, with existing skill
Art is compared, and is had the advantage that as follows with good effect.
The present invention overcomes existing farmland irrigated area open channel measuring automatically flow device and methods by measuring environment and economic item
The constraint of part etc. so that current surveying device is simple in structure, flow measurement flow measurement method rapid and convenient, of low cost, has a wide range of application
And do not influenced by flow measurement environment, have more actual application value.
The present invention makes it deflect certain angle to detect farmland irrigated area by founding mathematical models, using water impact swing rod
Open channel flow rate, and measuring automatically flow is mainly handled by singlechip technology and is realized.Singlechip technology as microelectronic age one
Kind new technique means, because it has the function of that small, price is low, strong, the speed of service is fast, reliability is high and spirit easy to use
Unique advantage such as living realizes online real-time continuous inspection in the open channel measuring automatically flow of farmland irrigated area, improving flow measurement precision
It surveys, and cheap, is promoted and applied convenient for irrigated area.
Current measured technology and sensing technology, automatic control technology have been carried out organic combination by the present invention.Using angular deflection
The real-time detection for carry out farmland open channel flow, reduces the input of manpower and material resources, small to external environment influence and be easy to pacify
Dress is safeguarded, certain basis has been established to the development of the open channel flow rate detection industry of modernization.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of application structure of this farmland irrigated area open channel measuring automatically flow mathematical model.
Fig. 2 is the control circuit block diagram of the application of this farmland irrigated area open channel measuring automatically flow mathematical model.
In figure：1：Channel deck；2：Lifting support；3：Monitor station；4：Stepper motor I；5：Infrared range-measurement system I；6：Lead screw；
7：Controller watchcase；8：Liquid crystal display；9：Channel model select button；10：Measure switch；11：Instrument case deck；12：Step
Stepper motor II；13：Fixed screw；14：Encoder-mounting bracket；15：Photoelectric encoder；16：Shaft coupling；17：Swing rod；18：Water
Level；19：Infrared range-measurement system II.
Specific implementation mode
The specific implementation mode of the present invention is further detailed below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, makes the technology of this profession
Personnel can make open channel measuring automatically flow mathematical model in farmland of the present invention according to specific implementation mode, and can apply
The farmland open channel measuring automatically flow mathematical model measures canal capacity, number display and remote monitoring to be measured.
A kind of this farmland irrigated area open channel measuring automatically flow mathematical model of specific implementation.It must be in the standard specification that laboratory is established
In U-shaped, trapezoidal or rectangular canal, a kind of irrigated area open channel survey device stream mathematical model is fixed on above channel, is stored up by controlling
The variation of water level controls the water level in channel in pond, and the uniform flow of different flow is formed after different stable levels.It is different
Flow correspond to the different angular deflection of device, angle is transmitted to microcontroller by photoelectric encoder, flow triangular-notch weir or
Person's flowmeter is measured, and obtained series of values is fitted to a function curve about angle and flow.By repeatedly more
It is secondary to test to determine the reliability of this function curve, you can to establish the mathematical model of angle flow.A large amount of experimental data and reality
Border canal survey demonstrates the reliability of mathematical model, and this novel mathematical model also establishes a kind of completely new flow measurement side
Method, and mathematical model be inventor's early period in the extensive work in laboratory, any trouble will not be brought to the producer and user.
Mathematical model is incorporated into control system program, and user only needs simple operations.
It is by an irrigated area open channel current surveying device model that a kind of application of farmland irrigated area open channel measuring automatically flow model, which is embodied,
It being fixed on above tested channel, and the swing rod of current surveying device is placed in open channel, water impact swing rod makes it deflect certain angle,
The angle deflected by the pulse signal acquisition swing rod of photoelectric encoder, this angle is opposite with the mathematical model established before
Than obtaining the flow of farmland irrigated area free flow channel.
It is embodied a kind of mounted cast of farmland irrigated area open channel measuring automatically flow, including measuring system, control system, vertical
Lifting support, horizontal displacement platform and wireless communication module；Wherein
This measuring system includes photoelectric encoder mounting bracket 14, photoelectric encoder 15, shaft coupling 16 and swing rod 17.It is described
Measuring system is connect by encoder-mounting bracket 14 with the horizontal displacement platform that control measuring system moves left and right, and the photoelectricity is compiled
Code device 15 is 500 line coding device of Omron；The shaft coupling 16 and photoelectric encoder 15 are auxiliary products；The swing rod 17 is one
The a diameter of 5mm of root, weight are 200 grams, and length is the aluminum alloy solid pole of 60cm, when specific detection angles, ditch water flow impact
Swing rod so that swing rod has the deflection of certain angle, photoelectric encoder 15 by the variation of pulse come recording angular value, and it is incoming single
In piece machine program.
The integrated circuit of this control system, i.e. system is concentrated mainly in instrument control box 7, including microcontroller minimum system
System, signal acquisition and transmission circuit, the core of power supply, test and mode selecting button, liquid crystal display, the control system are
Single-chip minimum system is tested in the angle discharge model write-in microcontroller of the different channels of foundation, and microcontroller is also responsible for acquiring
With each signal of processing, include the width and altitude signal of acquisition channel, channel model, the control signal of two stepper motors
Deng, and the flow value of channel is obtained by angular deflection numerical value.The power module includes a 12V independent current source, and is passed through
Voltage stabilizing module provides 5V power supplys.
This vertical lifting bracket includes channel deck 1, lifting support 2, stepper motor I 4 and fixed screw 13.The fixation
Deck 1 uses aluminum alloy material, and whole device screw and nut can be fixed on channel to be measured, the lifting support 2
Lower end is welded on channel deck 1, and vertically moving for lifting support 2 is controlled by stepper motor I 4.
This horizontal displacement platform includes monitor station 3, infrared range-measurement system 5, lead screw 6；Stepper motor 12 and level meter 18.It is institute
It states horizontal displacement platform to be fixed on monitor station 3, so that measuring system is occupy to control the rotation of lead screw 6 by stepper motor II 12
The most centre position of channel carries out the measurement of flow.The distance that the infrared range-measurement system I 5 is used for surveying horizontal direction is sent into monolithic
The movement of motor is controlled in machine, it is whether horizontal that the level meter 18 is used for detection level displacement platform.
This wireless communication module can be such that staff monitors in real time by bluetooth serial ports and computer or mobile phone transmission data
To flow value.
The specific implementation mode of the present invention is made below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and being illustrated.
As shown in Figure 1, implementing a kind of application of farmland irrigated area open channel measuring automatically flow mathematical model, including angle measurement machine
Structure, the angle measuring mechanism is by encoder-mounting bracket 14, high precision photoelectric encoder 15, more than 17 portion of shaft coupling 16 and swing rod
Divide and constitutes.Encoder-mounting bracket 14 is connect with the lead screw that control angle measuring mechanism moves left and right, and swing rod 17 is a diameter
For 5mm, weight is 200 grams, and length is the aluminum alloy solid pole of 60cm, and when specific detection angles, ditch water flow impacts swing rod 17,
So that swing rod 17 has the deflection of certain angle, photoelectric encoder 15 by the variation of pulse come recording angular value, and incoming monolithic
In machine program.Fig. 1 further includes controller watchcase 7 and instrument box support 3, on instrument case there is liquid crystal display 8, Channel Selection to press
Button 9 and power switch and test switch 10.Instrument box support 3 is used for fixer watchcase 7, and instrument case 7 is interior to be including control module
Microcontroller, signal acquisition and signal circuit are wirelessly transferred bluetooth module and power supply, infrared range-measurement system are further fixed on holder
5,19, level meter 18, two stepper motors I 4 and stepper motor II 12 and lead screw 6.The mathematical model write-in that previous experiments are established
In microcontroller, infrared range-measurement system I 5 detects the width of channel and numerical value is passed to microcontroller, and step is driven after SCM program processing
Stepper motor rotary screw rod makes swing rod occupy the progress angle measurement of channel middle position.The mathematics that finally angle is established by early period
Model conversion is shown at the flow value of channel on liquid crystal display 8, and wireless transmission bluetooth module can be realized in certain distance
The wireless transmission of data, level meter 18, which is used for adjusting apparatus, makes its level, infrared range-measurement system II 19 be used for detection device away from channel
The distance of bottom, 12V accumulators are powered to entire control module, and provide 5V power supplys by Voltage stabilizing module.7 panel of instrument case is left
The liquid crystal display 8 at upper angle is used for showing that the flow value of open channel, Channel Selection button 9 have 3 buttons, can gate rectangle canal respectively
The common open channel of road, U-shaped channel, trapezoidal channel these types.When use channel model, different moulds are selected according to specific channel
Formula corresponds to different mathematical models.Fig. 1 further includes fixing device channel card slot 1, lifting support 2 and fixed screw 13.Channel card
Lifting support 2 is fixed on channel to be measured by slot 1 with fixed screw 13, and lifting support 2 controls its lifting by stepper motor I 4.
It is easy to operate simple when specifically used, only channel card slot 1 need to be fixed on channel two to be measured with fixed screw 13
Side, and whole device leveling is opened power supply by reference level instrument 18, selects channel model, presses testing button, driven by program step
Stepper motor drives lead screw and lifting platform that swing rod 17 is made to occupy test optimum position, then canal capacity to be measured is shown in liquid crystal display
On device 8.
There is miscellaneous flow quantity detecting systems in every field at home and abroad at present.But many detection dresses
Set the restriction for being frequently subjected to all many conditions, such as expensive, use environment limitation, the difficulty of fixing link so that it
Use scope be restricted.Measuring automatically flow apparatus structure of the present invention is simple, cheap and easy to operate.The farmland is bright
Canal measuring automatically flow device can solve to a certain extent traditional water gaging method there are the drawbacks of, and can realize flow from
Dynamicization measures and monitoring in real time.Price is cheap with respect to other water gaging methods much simultaneously, has broad application prospects.
The foregoing describe the basic principles and main features and advantages of the present invention of the present invention, the technical staff of the industry answers
The understanding, the present invention are not limited to the embodiments described above, the only present invention described in the above embodiment and specification
Principle, under the premise without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, these variation and
Improvement is fallen in scope of the claimed invention, the present invention claims protection domain by appended claims and its
Equivalent thereof.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of application of farmland irrigated area open channel measuring automatically flow mathematical model, it is characterized in that the application is bright based on farmland irrigated area
Canal measuring automatically flow mathematical model realizes the application of farmland irrigated area open channel measuring automatically flow；The farmland irrigated area open channel measuring automatically flow number
Model is learned to establish as follows：
（1）It designs an irrigated area open channel current surveying device model to be fixed on above tested channel, by controlling SEA LEVEL VARIATION in tank
It controls channel water level, forms the uniform flow of different flow after stable level, different flow is corresponding with the different deflections of device
Angle, angle are transmitted to microcontroller by photoelectric encoder, and flow is measured by triangular-notch weir or flowmeter, by a series of numbers of acquisition
Value is fitted to the function curve of an angle and flow, determines this function curve by testing repeatedly, establishes angle stream as a result,
Measure mathematical model；
（2）Different channel mathematical models will be established, SCM program is written, measured angle value for practical channel to be measured and compare,
To export channel flow magnitude to be measured；
It is described to realize that the application of farmland irrigated area open channel measuring automatically flow includes following content：
One irrigated area open channel current surveying device model is fixed on above tested channel, swing rod is placed in open channel, water impact swing rod
It is set to deflect certain angle, by photoelectric encoder pulse signal acquisition swing rod deflection angle, by swing rod deflection angle and before
The mathematical model of foundation compares, and obtains farmland irrigated area free flow channel flow；The open channel current surveying device model, including measure system
System, control system, vertical lifting bracket, horizontal displacement platform and wireless communication module；The measuring system includes photoelectric coding
Device mounting bracket, photoelectric encoder, shaft coupling and swing rod；Photoelectric encoder mounting bracket and the horizontal displacement of left and right movement are flat
Platform connects, and the photoelectric encoder is 500 line coding device of Omron；The swing rod is an a diameter of 5mm, and length is 60cm's
Aluminum alloy solid pole；
When specific detection angles, ditch water flow impacts swing rod so that swing rod has the deflection of certain angle, photoelectric encoder to pass through arteries and veins
The variation of punching carrys out recording angular value, and angle value is passed in SCM program；The control system includes that microcontroller, signal are adopted
The angle discharge model of collection and transmission circuit, the different channels that experiment is established is written in microcontroller, and microcontroller is also responsible for acquiring
The control signal of the width of channel and altitude signal, channel model, two stepper motors, and canal is obtained by angular deflection numerical value
The flow value in road；The vertical lifting bracket includes channel deck, lifting support, stepper motor and fixed screw；The channel
Whole device screw and nut are fixed on channel to be measured by deck, and the lower end of the lifting support is welded on channel deck
On, vertically moving for lifting support is controlled by stepper motor；The horizontal displacement platform includes monitor station, infrared distance measurement
Instrument, lead screw, stepper motor and level meter；Horizontal displacement platform is fixed on monitor station, and lead screw is controlled by stepper motor
Rotation makes measuring system occupy the most centre position of channel to carry out the measurement of flow；The infrared range-measurement system is used for surveying level side
To distance and will the distance be sent into microcontroller in control motor movement, the level meter be used for detection level displacement platform is
No level.
2. a kind of application of farmland irrigated area open channel measuring automatically flow mathematical model according to claim 1, it is characterized in that further including
Following content：Channel card slot is fixed on channel both sides to be measured with fixed screw, and reference level instrument is by whole device leveling；It beats
Switch power supply selects channel model, presses testing button, and driven by program stepper motor drives lead screw and lifting platform that swing rod is occupy
Optimum position is tested, then canal capacity to be measured is shown on a liquid crystal display.
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| CN108955779A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-12-07 | 武汉大学 | A kind of big flow open channel measuring automatically flow system |
| CN109881638B (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2020-09-15 | 楼彩飞 | Artificial open channel structure |
| CN114001710B (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-05-03 | 水利部水土保持监测中心 | High-precision channel flow cross-section area measuring device and measuring method |
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