CN103499706B - Torsion balance type flow measuring apparatus and measuring method thereof - Google Patents
Torsion balance type flow measuring apparatus and measuring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103499706B CN103499706B CN201310438758.9A CN201310438758A CN103499706B CN 103499706 B CN103499706 B CN 103499706B CN 201310438758 A CN201310438758 A CN 201310438758A CN 103499706 B CN103499706 B CN 103499706B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/26—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting optical wave
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P13/00—Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement
- G01P13/02—Indicating direction only, e.g. by weather vane
- G01P13/04—Indicating positive or negative direction of a linear movement or clockwise or anti-clockwise direction of a rotational movement
- G01P13/045—Indicating positive or negative direction of a linear movement or clockwise or anti-clockwise direction of a rotational movement with speed indication
Abstract
The invention relates to a torsion balance type flow measuring apparatus and measuring method. The torsion balance type flow measuring apparatus comprises a force measuring device and a data processing device, wherein the force measuring device comprises a torsion wire, a plane mirror, a laser light source, a radian ruler, a homogeneous ball, a connecting rod and a base. The torsion wire is installed on the base and rotates around the base, the plane mirror is fixed in the middle of the torsion wire, the connecting rod is fixedly connected with the torsion wire, the homogeneous ball is connected to the lower portion of the connecting rod to drive the torsion wire and the plane mirror to rotate in a deflection mode, a plurality of photosensitive sensors are installed on the radian ruler, the plane mirror, the radian ruler and the laser light source are arranged in the same plane, the photosensitive sensors are used for detecting a laser signal, and converting the laser signal into an electric signal, the data processing device comprises a data transmission line and a microprocessor, and the electric signal is transmitted to the microprocessor through the data transmission line. The torsion balance type flow measuring apparatus solves the problem that the low-flow-speed measurement is low in precision, and has the advantages of being low in cost, convenient to operate and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to low flow velocity water body measurement mechanism field, particularly a kind of torsion balance formula flow measurement instrument and measuring method thereof.
Background technology
After reservoir filling, backwater section, before storehouse and tributary water level raises, current slow down, make a large amount of sedimentation, water turbidity diminishes, transparency increases, the penetrance of light raises, all be conducive to the photosynthesis of planktonic algae, promote the growth and breeding of algae, be more conducive to the generation of wawter bloom, make these low flow velocity sections become the sensitive area of eutrophication research.
According to correlative study, the change of hydrodynamic conditions may be the main incitant that wawter bloom occurs in reservoir area.The hydrodynamic condition especially mensuration of its critical flow velocity is studied just to become as generation wawter bloom main incitant and is become more and more important.Moreover, the measurement of water velocity is of great significance for the research characteristics of motion of current and the interaction mechanism tool of water flow mud-sand, and thus flow-speed measurement technology is also subject to the great attention of people.
In recent years, along with the fast development of electronic technology and sensing technology, the instrument and equipment of domestic and international measurement water velocity gets more and more, as electromagnetic current metre, acoustic doppler velocimeter (AcousticDoppler Velocimetry, ADV), Doppler laser velocimeter (Laser DopplerVelocimetry, LDV), Particle Image Velocity system (Particle Image Velocimetry, PIV) etc.But this quasi-instrument cost is high, needs the people through professional training to operate, and be not easily applied to field water.
Although traditional rotary propeller type current meter cost is low, simple to operate, but because start velocity is larger, and the measurement of inapplicable low flow velocity water body, and rotary propeller type current meter directly can not indicate water (flow) direction simultaneously, often need survey crew rule of thumb and measurement result carry out estimating and analyzing, affect certainty of measurement.Now, due to the construction of hydraulic engineering, Reservoir gulf regional water rate of flow of fluid is often grade, and traditional measurement device should not use, and is therefore badly in need of a kind of with low cost, simple to operate and can be used in the instrument that low flow velocity current downflow measures.
In sum, provide a kind of with low cost, simple to operate and can be used in the instrument that low flow velocity current downflow measures, become those skilled in the art's problem demanding prompt solution.
The information being disclosed in this background of invention technology part is only intended to deepen the understanding to general background technology of the present invention, and should not be regarded as admitting or imply in any form that this information structure has been prior art known in those skilled in the art.
Summary of the invention
The advantages such as the problem to be solved in the present invention is the shortcoming overcoming prior art, provides a kind of torsion balance formula flow measurement instrument, solves low flow velocity measurement and there is the low problem of precision, and have cost low, easy to operate.
In order to solve the problem, the invention provides a kind of torsion balance formula flow measurement instrument, it comprises torsion balance device for measuring force and data processing equipment; Described device for measuring force comprises torsion wire, level crossing, LASER Light Source, radian chi, homogeneous ball, connecting rod and pedestal; Described torsion wire is arranged on pedestal, and can around the circular-rotation of pedestal; Described level crossing is fixed in the middle of torsion wire; Described connecting rod and described torsion wire are fixedly linked, and described homogeneous ball releasably can be connected to the bottom of connecting rod, thus are twisted by the mobile torsion wire that drives of described homogeneous ball, make level crossing deflect thus; Described radian chi is provided with multiple light sensor; Described LASER Light Source is used for Emission Lasers; Described level crossing, radian chi and LASER Light Source are positioned at same plane, and the laser reflection that LASER Light Source is launched by wherein said level crossing is on the light sensor of described radian chi; And described light sensor is used for detection laser signal, and the laser signal detected is converted to the signal of telecommunication; Described data processing equipment comprises data line and microprocessor, and the signal of telecommunication of described light sensor is sent to microprocessor by data line; Wherein said microprocessor comprises receiving terminal, input and output; Receiving terminal receives the signal of telecommunication changed by light sensor of data line transmission, input input known parameters, and through the computational analysis of receiving terminal, output exports the required flow rate result measured.
Further, torsion balance formula flow measurement instrument comprises flow direction measuring device; Described flow direction measuring device comprises symmetrical airfoil pipe and flows to pointer; Described pedestal is provided with and flows to dial; The described pointer that flows to is arranged on pedestal, for flow to dial and coordinate and represent and flow to; Described symmetrical airfoil pipe be connected to connecting rod and with flow to pointer and be fixedly linked.
Further, described pedestal outer edge arranges a circle groove, and groove internal fixtion has a circular slide rail; Base bottom center is fixed with a rotating cylinder, rotating cylinder inside has hollow parts, the side of rotating cylinder is provided with a finedraw, the bottom of rotating cylinder is connected with symmetrical airfoil pipe, the top of rotating cylinder with flow to pointer and be connected, symmetrical airfoil pipe and flow to pointer coaxial rotation, torsion wire intermediate vertical is to having a draw-in groove, connecting rod through symmetrical airfoil pipe, then is upward through rotating cylinder and this draw-in groove connection torsion wire, and connecting rod connects homogeneous ball downwards.
Further, described device for measuring force comprises a support further, described support is for circle and bottom is provided with sliding support, support can be made freely to rotate in circular slide rail, support diametrically two ends is respectively provided with a stiff end, and each stiff end termination is provided with buckle, is fixed on by torsion wire on support, diameter two ends vertical with torsion wire on support are respectively provided with a pole, and each top portion does not connect corresponding LASER Light Source and radian chi.
Further, described homogeneous ball density and water body density p are suitable, and homogeneous ball is suspended among water body and center and symmetrical airfoil pipe end-to-end distance from being 5D, and wherein D is homogeneous bulb diameter.
Further, described connecting rod is lightweight thin bar, and its density is suitable with water body density p.
Further, described torsion wire is the metal or nonmetal homogeneous material that diameter is constant.
Further, the described dial that flows to is arranged on the circular slide rail of described pedestal, this flows on dial and is carved with the clockwise evenly distributed angle index concentric with rotating cylinder, symmetrical airfoil pipe by mobilization and rotating, thus drives rotating cylinder and flows to indicators turn and indicate flow direction flowing on dial.
Further, described symmetrical airfoil pipe density is suitable with water body density p, one end larger in the two ends of symmetrical airfoil pipe is end facing water, less one is backwater end, end facing water is closed, and backwater end is not closed, and the junction of rotating cylinder and symmetrical airfoil pipe is positioned at the end facing water of symmetrical airfoil pipe, symmetrical airfoil pipe inside is provided with finedraw and connects with the finedraw bottom of rotating cylinder, freely swings in the scope that connecting rod and homogeneous ball can limit at the finedraw of the finedraw of rotating cylinder and symmetrical airfoil pipe.
Further, described input input known parameters is that torsion wire diameter d, torsion wire length m, the diameter D of homogeneous ball, water body density p, water sports viscosity v, the shear modulus G of torsion wire material, homogeneous ball center are to the radius r of the air line distance l of torsion wire, radian chi and spheroid winding coefficient Cd and reynolds number Re relation curve.
Further, before measuring, described LASER Light Source is irradiated on radian chi by level crossing, produces position readings S
1, during measurement, homogeneous ball is subject to streaming resistance and drives torsion wire to twist, and torsion wire drives level crossing to rotate, and the position that LASER Light Source is irradiated on radian chi changes, and produces another position readings S
2; Torsion wire rotational angle θ is drawn by following formulae discovery: θ=(S
2-S
1)/(4r); Moment of torsion M suffered by torsion wire is drawn by following formulae discovery:
the resistance f that streams on homogeneous ball is drawn by following formulae discovery:
In above-mentioned formula, θ is torsion wire rotational angle, adopts Circular measure, the moment of torsion of M suffered by torsion wire, and homogeneous ball streams resistance, S to f
1and S
2for position readings, r is radian chi radius, and m is torsion wire length, and G is the shear modulus of torsion wire material, and l is the air line distance of homogeneous ball center to torsion wire, I
kfor the antitorque geometrical property parameter in cross section, this parameter is by formula I
k=π d
4/ 64 calculate, and d is torsion wire diameter.
Further, the value of described torsion wire rotational angle θ is between 20 Δ θ ~ 0.2 radians, and wherein Δ θ is the certainty of measurement of radian chi, and its value is determined by formula Δ θ=Δ l/ (2r), and Δ l is radian chi linear measure longimetry precision, and r is radian chi radius.
Further, the corresponding relation streaming resistance f on homogeneous ball point place water volume flow rate u and homogeneous ball is drawn by spheroid winding coefficient Cd and reynolds number Re relation curve and following formulae discovery: reynolds number Re and homogeneous ball point flow velocity u relation formula: Re=uD/v; The computing formula of streaming resistance f on homogeneous ball:
In above-mentioned formula, Re is Reynolds number, and homogeneous ball streams resistance to f, and D is homogeneous bulb diameter, and Cd is spheroid winding coefficient, and ρ is water body density, and A is homogeneous ball cross-sectional area, and ν is the water sports coefficient of viscosity, and u is homogeneous ball point place water volume flow rate; By streaming resistance f and can obtain water volume flow rate u on the homogeneous ball that calculates, and export in output end of microprocessor.
The present invention also introduces a kind of measuring method, and it uses above-mentioned torsion balance formula flow measurement instrument to carry out the flow measurement of current, and described measuring method comprises:
Require to determine material and the diameter of tentatively selecting torsion wire according to torsion wire rotational angle;
From the input input known parameters of microprocessor, and Revolving meters makes the zero degree scale of circular slide rail point to predetermined direction;
Put into after symmetrical airfoil pipe and connecting rod are connected water body to manual adjustments after stable make torsion wire perpendicular to flow direction, LASER Light Source above flow direction and radian chi below flow direction;
Read scale after support is fixing, determine flow direction;
Open LASER Light Source, obtain without the position of LASER Light Source under torsional interaction on radian chi, and initial results is transferred to microprocessor;
Connect homogeneous ball, connecting rod and torsion wire, and homogeneous ball is put into water body, obtain the change of LASER Light Source position readings on radian chi and transfer to microprocessor by light sensor, thus calculating water volume flow rate.
The present invention is applicable to the measurement of flow rate and direction in low flow velocity situation, and wherein low flow velocity situation is the scope that water volume flow rate is 0 ~ 1m/s.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: solve low flow velocity measurement and there is the low problem of precision, and have cost low, the advantage such as easy to operate.Instrument acts on according to different in flow rate and ball streams resistance difference, torsion balance according to all one's life is tested, utilize flat mirror reflects, torsion wire rotational angle under slight drag is amplified, by streaming the corresponding relation of resistance and flow velocity in the relation of torsion wire rotational angle and moment of torsion and hydrodynamics, calculate measuring point place water volume flow rate.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is torsion balance formula flow measurement instrument connection diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is torsion balance formula flow measurement instrument top view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is torsion balance formula flow measurement instrument side view of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the corresponding relation curve map of spheroid winding coefficient and Reynolds number.
The corresponding relation curve map streaming resistance and homogeneous ball point place water volume flow rate that Fig. 5 is homogeneous bulb diameter when being 20cm on homogeneous ball.
Fig. 6 is symmetrical airfoil pipe and rotating cylinder top view.
Critical piece symbol description:
1 torsion wire 2 level crossing
3 LASER Light Source 4 symmetrical airfoil pipes
5 connecting rod 6 homogeneous balls
7 support 8 radian chis
9 sliding support 10 buckles
11 circular slide rail 12 microprocessors
13 poles 14 flow to pointer
15 flow to dial 16 pedestal
17 data line 18 rotating cylinders.
Detailed description of the invention
Set forth a lot of detail in the following description so that fully understand the present invention.But the present invention can be much different from alternate manner described here to implement, those skilled in the art can when without prejudice to doing similar popularization when intension of the present invention, therefore the present invention is by the restriction of following public specific embodiment.
Below, by reference to the accompanying drawings specific embodiments of the invention are described.Refer to shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, the invention provides a kind of torsion balance formula flow measurement instrument, it mainly comprises torsion balance device for measuring force and data processing equipment.
Wherein device for measuring force comprises torsion wire 1, level crossing 2, LASER Light Source 3, radian chi 8, homogeneous ball 6, connecting rod 5 and pedestal 16, and data processing equipment mainly comprises data line 17 and microprocessor 12.
Torsion wire 1 is arranged on pedestal 16, and can around the circular-rotation of pedestal 16, level crossing 2 is fixed in the middle of torsion wire 1, connecting rod 5 and torsion wire 1 are fixedly linked, and homogeneous ball 6 is connected to the bottom of connecting rod 5, also can disassemble from connecting rod 5 bottom, when homogeneous ball 6 is connected to connecting rod 5 bottom, twisted by the mobile torsion wire 1 that drives of homogeneous ball 6, make level crossing 2 deflect thus.
This torsion balance formula flow measurement instrument also comprises flow direction measuring device further, and it can measure the flow direction of current.This flow direction measuring device comprises symmetrical airfoil pipe 4 and flows to pointer 14.Pedestal 16 is provided with and flows to dial 15, flow to pointer 14 and be arranged on pedestal 16, represent flow to for coordinating with dial, symmetrical airfoil pipe 4 be connected to connecting rod 5 and with flow to pointer 14 and be fixedly linked.
Particularly, the outer edge of pedestal 16 arranges a circle groove, and groove internal fixtion has a circular slide rail 11, and support 7 is for circle and sliding support 9 is established in bottom, and support 7 can be made freely to rotate in circular slide rail 11.Support 7 diametrically two ends respectively arranges a stiff end, and each stiff end termination is provided with a buckle 10, and torsion wire 1 is fixed on support 7 by buckle 10, and level crossing 2 is fixed in the middle of torsion wire 1.Diameter two ends vertical with torsion wire 1 on support 7 are respectively arranged a pole 13, a pole top connects LASER Light Source 3, another pole top then connects radian chi 8, radian chi 8 is provided with light sensor, light sensor is actual is the array formed by multiple light sensor, and is connected to microprocessor 12 by data line 17.
Pedestal 16 is carved with the concentric angle index evenly distributed clockwise with rotating cylinder, be specially and flow to dial 15 and be positioned on the inner orbit of the circular slide rail 11 on pedestal 16, this flows to scale dial 15 being carved with the clockwise homogeneous angular of dial form.
Symmetrical airfoil pipe 4 is connected on the bottom of rotating cylinder 18, rotating cylinder 18 top is fixed on the bottom centre position of pedestal 16, symmetrical airfoil pipe 4, rotating cylinder 18 and flow to pointer 14 coaxial rotation, rotating cylinder 18 inside is hollow, and rotating cylinder 18 side is provided with a finedraw, torsion wire 1 intermediate vertical arranges a draw-in groove downwards, and connecting rod 5 is through symmetrical airfoil pipe 4, and the hollow parts being upward through rotating cylinder 18 passes this draw-in groove again thus is connected with torsion wire 1, connecting rod 5 connects homogeneous ball 6 downwards.
Radian chi 8 is provided with multiple light sensor, LASER Light Source 3 is for Emission Lasers, wherein, level crossing 2, radian chi 8 and LASER Light Source 3 are positioned at same plane, shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, namely also radian chi 8 is connected to tie point on support 7 and LASER Light Source 3 by pole 13 and is laid respectively at by pole 13 tie point be connected on support 7 on two end points of the same diameter of support 7, and this diameter is through level crossing 2 center, like this, the laser that LASER Light Source 3 just can be launched by level crossing 2 reflexes on the light sensor of radian chi 8 exactly, light sensor is used for detection laser signal, the laser signal detected can be converted to the signal of telecommunication, this signal of telecommunication is sent to microprocessor 12 by data line 17.
Homogeneous ball density is suitable with water body density p, and be suspended among water body, homogeneous ball center and symmetrical airfoil pipe end-to-end distance are from being 5D, and wherein D is homogeneous bulb diameter.
Connecting rod 5 can choose lightweight thin bar, its density is suitable with water body density p, length is depending on sounding the depth of the water, its upper end and torsion wire 1 are formed fixing, and also namely connecting rod 5 can drive torsion wire 1 to twist, and makes level crossing 2 deflect thus, the lower end of connecting rod 5 and the connection of homogeneous ball 6 are for removably connecting, preferably, when homogeneous ball 6 needs to be installed to connecting rod 5 lower end, can be screwed in fixing by tapping.
The density of symmetrical airfoil pipe 4 is suitable with water body density p, as shown in Figure 6, Zhong compare great one end, two ends of symmetrical airfoil pipe 4 is end facing water, one end less in two ends is backwater end, rotating cylinder 18 is positioned at the end facing water of then symmetrical airfoil pipe with the junction of symmetrical airfoil pipe 4, the end facing water of symmetrical airfoil pipe 4 is closed, backwater end is not closed, there is the opening that little, there is a finedraw inside of symmetrical airfoil pipe 4, can see from the top view of Fig. 6, the finedraw bottom of the side of rotating cylinder 18 is positioned at the junction of rotating cylinder 18 and symmetrical airfoil pipe 4, and the finedraw in junction with the inside of symmetrical airfoil pipe 4 connects.The convenient connecting rod 5 connecting torsion wire 1 and homogeneous ball 6 of this design can freely swing by flow action in the scope that these two finedraws limit jointly, particularly, although connecting rod 5 penetrates the part being arranged at rotating cylinder 18 boring when static, but swing time can't limit by rotating cylinder 18, because can be inner by the finedraw outlet swing rotating cylinder 18 on rotating cylinder 18, again because the inside of symmetrical airfoil pipe 4 also exists gap, and then can freely swing in the gap of symmetrical airfoil pipe 4.
The length of symmetrical airfoil pipe 4 fathoms depending on water body, Parallel to the flow direction is turned to by current mobilization when being placed in water body, and with flow to pointer 14 coaxial rotation, flow to pointer 14 rotate under the drive of symmetrical airfoil pipe 4 and rotating cylinder 18 and indicate water (flow) direction flowing on dial 15 of circular slide rail 11, need runing rest 7 to make torsion wire vertical with water (flow) direction during actual use, and torsion wire 7 rotation direction point to flow direction.
In data processing equipment, microprocessor comprises, receiving terminal, input, output.Described microprocessor operation logic is as follows: receiving terminal receives the signal of telecommunication changed by light sensor of data line transmission, input input known parameters, and through the computational analysis of receiving terminal, output exports the required flow rate result measured.
Wherein, input input known parameters is torsion wire diameter d, torsion wire length m, the diameter D of homogeneous ball, water body density p, water sports viscosity v, the shear modulus G of torsion wire material, homogeneous ball center to the air line distance l of torsion wire, the radius r of radian chi, and spheroid winding coefficient Cd and reynolds number Re relation curve.
The operation principle of receiving terminal is as described below: before measuring, described LASER Light Source is irradiated on radian chi by level crossing, produces position readings S
1, during measurement, homogeneous ball is subject to streaming resistance and drives torsion wire to twist, and produce torsion wire rotational angle θ, torsion wire drives level crossing to rotate.
As shown in Figure 3, the bold portion reflexing to radian chi 8 from LASER Light Source 3 by level crossing 2 is the light path that level crossing 2 rotates front light.
Again see the part shown in dotted lines all in Fig. 3, after it represents that homogeneous ball turns an angle, torsion wire also twists, and drives level crossing 2 to rotate, and namely level crossing 2 rotates in the same plane at itself and radian chi 8 and LASER Light Source 3 place.
The incidence angle of laser on level crossing making LASER Light Source send like this changes, the dotted portion reflexing to radian chi 8 by level crossing 2 from LASER Light Source 3 is the light path that level crossing 2 rotates rear light, thus the position that the laser making LASER Light Source send is irradiated on radian chi changes, produce another position readings S
2.
Torsion wire rotational angle θ is drawn by following formulae discovery: θ=(S
2-S
1)/(4r); Moment of torsion M suffered by torsion wire is drawn by following formulae discovery:
the resistance f that streams on homogeneous ball is drawn by following formulae discovery:
in above-mentioned formula, θ is torsion wire rotational angle, adopts Circular measure, the moment of torsion of M suffered by torsion wire, and homogeneous ball streams resistance, S to f
1and S
2for position readings, r is radian chi radius, and m is torsion wire length, and G is the shear modulus of torsion wire material, and l is the air line distance of homogeneous ball center to torsion wire, I
kfor the antitorque geometrical property parameter in cross section, this parameter is by formula I
k=π d
4/ 64 calculate, and d is torsion wire diameter.
Then, microprocessor can draw according to spheroid winding coefficient and Reynolds number relation curve and following formulae discovery analysis the corresponding relation streaming resistance f and water volume flow rate u: Reynolds number and flow velocity relation formula: Re=uD/ ν; Water body streams the computing formula of resistance:
in above-mentioned formula, Re is Reynolds number, and homogeneous ball streams resistance to f, and D is homogeneous bulb diameter, and Cd is spheroid winding coefficient, and ρ is water body density, and A is homogeneous ball cross-sectional area, and ν is the water sports coefficient of viscosity, and u is homogeneous ball point place water volume flow rate.Stream resistance f can obtain homogeneous ball point place water volume flow rate size u by what calculate, and export in output end of microprocessor.
Torsion wire is metal or nonmetal homogeneous material, and diameter is once be constant after selected, the shear modulus G of torsion wire can by the table 1.1-13 in " mechanical design handbook " (the 5th edition) the 1st volume conventional design data: check in common used material elastic modelling quantity and Poisson's ratio, and input microprocessor.The value of torsion wire rotational angle θ is between 20 Δ θ ~ 0.2 radians, and wherein Δ θ is the certainty of measurement of radian chi, and its value is determined by formula Δ θ=Δ l/ (2r), and Δ l is radian chi linear measure longimetry precision, and r is radian chi radius.If find that the angle that light source rotates on radian chi exceedes above-mentioned scope in the measurements, the torsion wire of other diameters or other materials should be replaced by, selected is such as a kind of material of metal, runs into the numerical value that situation about overruning can be selected another kind of nonmetallic material or change diameter.
Below the embodiment utilizing torsion balance formula flow measurement instrument of the present invention to carry out the measuring method of flow measurement is specifically described.
The present invention in actual applications, is applicable to the scope that water volume flow rate is 0 ~ 1m/s.When behind Reservoir Construction storehouse, gulf, upstream branching flow storehouse partial sector flow velocity is slow, and be difficult to measure with general current meter, then this situation is applicable to torsion balance formula flow measurement instrument provided by the invention.The step of carrying out flow measurement to reservoir tributary water body with measuring instrument provided by the invention is as follows:
First, the measuring instrument connected is fixed, and the rotation on rail in circular slide rail 11 is flowed to the zero angle sensing predetermined direction that dial 15 makes scale, now predetermined direction is direct north, symmetrical airfoil pipe 4 to be put among water body and to make support 7 be approximately perpendicular to main stem direction, even if symmetrical airfoil pipe 4 is roughly along main water (flow) direction, under the effect of current, symmetrical airfoil pipe 4 rotates and drives and flows to pointer 14 and rotate, and points to water (flow) direction.Now, turn support 7, makes torsion wire 1 perpendicular to the flow direction, and the LASER Light Source 3 on pole 13 is above flow direction, and radian chi 8 is below flow direction.Reading flow flows to the scale of dial 15 to pointer 14 indication, is about 8 °, namely determines that to be main flow direction be the flow direction of current 8 ° (take the north as zero angle, calculate clockwise).
Measured zone water volume flow rate is 10
-3m/s magnitude, determine that the certainty of measurement of radian chi 8 is 0.5mm, radian chi 8 radius is 20cm, the certainty of measurement that then can be calculated angle by microprocessor 12 is 0.000625 radian, the minimum angles that then torsion wire 1 rotates should be 0.0125 radian, maximum angle is 0.2 radian, therefore selects diameter to be 2mm, and shear modulus is that the cold-drawn fine copper silk of 48GPa carries out measurement as torsion wire 1 and can meet the demands.
From the input input known parameters of microprocessor 12, namely torsion wire 1 diameter d is 2mm, and torsion wire 1 length m is 20cm, and the diameter D of homogeneous ball 6 is 2cm, and the temperature of water body to be measured is 20 DEG C, and water body density p is 998.2kg/m
3, water sports viscosity v is 0.01007cm
2/ s, torsion wire 1 material is selected to be cold-drawn fine copper silk, its shear modulus G is 48GPa, homogeneous ball 6 center is 2m to the air line distance l of torsion wire 1, the radius r of radian chi 8 is 20cm, also namely stream corresponding relation curve map between resistance coefficient and Reynolds number and homogeneous ball 6 diameter according to spheroid winding coefficient as shown in Figure 4 in addition, treated device 12 can be calculated homogeneous ball 6 diameter when being 20cm, and water body streams the corresponding relation curve map 5 between resistance and water volume flow rate.
Open LASER Light Source 3, and adjust its incident angle, under making the state not hanging homogeneous ball 6, laser reflection drops near the starting point in light sensor sensitive volume to the position on radian chi 8, and start treatment device 12, reading the now position of pip on radian chi residing for 3 is 1.2cm, again homogeneous ball 6 is screwed in connecting rod 5, put into water to measure, homogeneous ball 6 drives torsion wire 1 to rotate under water body effect, after substantial equalization, the position reading pip residing on radian chi 8 is 8.6cm, and processor is according to formula θ=(S
2-S
1)/(4r) to try to achieve θ be 0.0925 radian, according to method described in invention, can to try to achieve on homogeneous ball 6 that suffered water body streams resistance f is 3.5 × 10
-6kN, can check according to Fig. 5, and now the water volume flow rate of homogeneous ball 6 present position should be 4.468 × 10
-3m/s, suitable with gulf, the storehouse water volume flow rate magnitude adopting numerical method to obtain, described measuring instrument reliable operation is described, certainty of measurement is very high, can be used for the flow measurement work of low flow velocity water body.
Illustrated by above embodiment, the present invention is applicable to the measurement of low flowing, cheap, easy to use, simple to operate.
Above-described embodiment is for illustrative principle of the present invention and effect thereof, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment.Those skilled in the art all without prejudice under spirit of the present invention and category, in claims, can modify to above-described embodiment.Therefore protection scope of the present invention, should cover as claims of the present invention.
Claims (18)
1. a torsion balance formula flow measurement instrument, it comprises device for measuring force and data processing equipment;
Described device for measuring force comprises torsion wire, level crossing, LASER Light Source, radian chi, homogeneous ball, connecting rod and pedestal; Described torsion wire is arranged on pedestal, and can around the circular-rotation of pedestal; Described level crossing is fixed in the middle of torsion wire; Described connecting rod and described torsion wire are fixedly linked, and described homogeneous ball releasably can be connected to the bottom of connecting rod, thus are twisted by the mobile torsion wire that drives of described homogeneous ball, make level crossing deflect thus;
Described radian chi is provided with multiple light sensor; Described LASER Light Source is used for Emission Lasers; Described level crossing, radian chi and LASER Light Source are positioned at same plane, and the laser reflection that LASER Light Source is launched by wherein said level crossing is on the light sensor of described radian chi; And described light sensor is used for detection laser signal, and the laser signal detected is converted to the signal of telecommunication; Described data processing equipment comprises data line and microprocessor, and the signal of telecommunication of described light sensor is sent to microprocessor by data line; Wherein said microprocessor comprises receiving terminal, input and output; Receiving terminal receives the signal of telecommunication changed by light sensor of data line transmission, input input known parameters, and through the computational analysis of receiving terminal, output exports the required flow rate result measured.
2. torsion balance formula flow measurement instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, it comprises flow direction measuring device further;
Described flow direction measuring device comprises symmetrical airfoil pipe and flows to pointer;
Described pedestal is provided with and flows to dial;
The described pointer that flows to is arranged on pedestal, for flow to dial and coordinate and represent and flow to;
Described symmetrical airfoil pipe be connected to connecting rod and with flow to pointer and be fixedly linked.
3. torsion balance formula flow measurement instrument according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described pedestal outer edge arranges a circle groove, and groove internal fixtion has a circular slide rail; Base bottom center is fixed with a rotating cylinder, rotating cylinder inside has hollow parts, the side of rotating cylinder is provided with a finedraw, the bottom of rotating cylinder is connected with symmetrical airfoil pipe, the top of rotating cylinder with flow to pointer and be connected, symmetrical airfoil pipe and flow to pointer coaxial rotation, torsion wire intermediate vertical is to having a draw-in groove, connecting rod through symmetrical airfoil pipe, then is upward through rotating cylinder and this draw-in groove connection torsion wire, and connecting rod connects homogeneous ball downwards.
4. torsion balance formula flow measurement instrument according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described device for measuring force comprises a support further, described support is for circle and bottom is provided with sliding support, support can be made freely to rotate in circular slide rail, support diametrically two ends is respectively provided with a stiff end, each stiff end termination is provided with buckle, torsion wire is fixed on support, diameter two ends vertical with torsion wire on support are respectively provided with a pole, and each top portion does not connect corresponding LASER Light Source and radian chi.
5. torsion balance formula flow measurement instrument according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described homogeneous ball density and water body density p are suitable, and homogeneous ball is suspended among water body and center and symmetrical airfoil pipe end-to-end distance from being 5D, and wherein D is homogeneous bulb diameter.
6. torsion balance formula flow measurement instrument according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described connecting rod is lightweight thin bar, and its density is suitable with water body density p.
7. torsion balance formula flow measurement instrument according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described torsion wire is the metal or nonmetal homogeneous material that diameter is constant.
8. torsion balance formula flow measurement instrument according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the described dial that flows to is arranged on the circular slide rail of described pedestal, this flows on dial and is carved with the clockwise evenly distributed angle index concentric with rotating cylinder, symmetrical airfoil pipe by mobilization and rotating, thus drives rotating cylinder and flows to indicators turn and indicate flow direction flowing on dial.
9. torsion balance formula flow measurement instrument according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described symmetrical airfoil pipe density is suitable with water body density p, one end larger in the two ends of symmetrical airfoil pipe is end facing water, less one is backwater end, end facing water is closed, backwater end is not closed, the junction of rotating cylinder and symmetrical airfoil pipe is positioned at the end facing water of symmetrical airfoil pipe, symmetrical airfoil pipe inside is provided with finedraw and connects with the finedraw bottom of rotating cylinder, freely swings in the scope that connecting rod and homogeneous ball can limit at the finedraw of the finedraw of rotating cylinder and symmetrical airfoil pipe.
10. torsion balance formula flow measurement instrument according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, described input input known parameters is that torsion wire diameter d, torsion wire length m, homogeneous bulb diameter D, water body density p, water sports coefficient of viscosity v, the shear modulus G of torsion wire material, homogeneous ball center are to the air line distance l of torsion wire, radian chi radius r and spheroid winding coefficient Cd and reynolds number Re relation curve.
11. torsion balance formula flow measurement instrument according to claim 10, is characterized in that, before measuring, described LASER Light Source is irradiated on radian chi by level crossing, produce position readings S
1, during measurement, homogeneous ball is subject to streaming resistance and drives torsion wire to twist, and torsion wire drives level crossing to rotate, and the position that LASER Light Source is irradiated on radian chi changes, and produces another position readings S
2;
Torsion wire rotational angle θ is drawn by following formulae discovery:
θ＝(S
2-S
1)/(4r)；
Moment of torsion M suffered by torsion wire is drawn by following formulae discovery:
The resistance f that streams on homogeneous ball is drawn by following formulae discovery:
In above-mentioned formula, θ is torsion wire rotational angle, adopts Circular measure, the moment of torsion of M suffered by torsion wire, and homogeneous ball streams resistance, S to f
1and S
2for position readings, r is radian chi radius, and m is torsion wire length, and G is the shear modulus of torsion wire material, and l is the air line distance of homogeneous ball center to torsion wire, I
kfor the antitorque geometrical property parameter in cross section, this parameter is by formula I
k=π d
4/ 64 calculate, and d is torsion wire diameter.
12. torsion balance formula flow measurement instrument according to claim 11, it is characterized in that, the value of described torsion wire rotational angle θ is between 20 Δ θ ~ 0.2 radians, wherein Δ θ is the certainty of measurement of radian chi, its value is determined by formula Δ θ=Δ l/ (2r), Δ l is radian chi linear measure longimetry precision, and r is radian chi radius.
13. torsion balance formula flow measurement instrument according to claim 12, it is characterized in that, the corresponding relation streaming resistance f on homogeneous ball point place water volume flow rate u and homogeneous ball is drawn by spheroid winding coefficient Cd and reynolds number Re relation curve and following formulae discovery:
Reynolds number Re and homogeneous ball point place water volume flow rate u relation formula: Re=uD/v;
The computing formula of streaming resistance f on homogeneous ball:
In above-mentioned formula, Re is Reynolds number, and homogeneous ball streams resistance to f, and D is homogeneous bulb diameter, and Cd is spheroid winding coefficient, and ρ is water body density, and A is homogeneous ball cross-sectional area, and ν is the water sports coefficient of viscosity, and u is homogeneous ball point place water volume flow rate;
By streaming resistance f and can obtain homogeneous ball point place water volume flow rate u on the homogeneous ball that calculates, and export in output end of microprocessor.
14. 1 kinds of measuring methods, it uses the torsion balance formula flow measurement instrument according to any one of claim 2-13 to carry out the flow measurement of current, and described measuring method comprises:
Require to determine material and the diameter of tentatively selecting torsion wire according to torsion wire rotational angle;
From the input input known parameters of microprocessor, and Revolving meters makes the zero degree scale of circular slide rail point to predetermined direction;
Put into after symmetrical airfoil pipe and connecting rod are connected water body to manual adjustments after stable make torsion wire perpendicular to flow direction, LASER Light Source above flow direction and radian chi below flow direction;
Read scale after support is fixing, determine flow direction;
Open LASER Light Source, obtain without the position of LASER Light Source under torsional interaction on radian chi, and initial results is transferred to microprocessor;
Connect homogeneous ball, connecting rod and torsion wire, and homogeneous ball is put into water body, obtain the change of LASER Light Source position readings on radian chi and transfer to microprocessor by light sensor, thus calculating homogeneous ball point place water volume flow rate.
15. measuring methods according to claim 14, it is characterized in that, input following known parameters from the input of microprocessor: the shear modulus G of torsion wire diameter d, torsion wire length m, homogeneous bulb diameter D, water body density p, water sports coefficient of viscosity v, torsion wire material, homogeneous ball center are to the air line distance l of torsion wire, radian chi radius r and spheroid winding coefficient Cd and reynolds number Re relation curve.
16. measuring methods according to claim 15, is characterized in that, described LASER Light Source is irradiated on radian chi by level crossing before measuring, produce position readings S
1, during measurement, homogeneous ball is subject to streaming resistance and drives torsion wire to twist, and torsion wire drives level crossing to rotate, and the position that LASER Light Source is irradiated on radian chi changes, and produces another position readings S
2; Torsion wire rotational angle θ is drawn by following formulae discovery:
θ＝(S
2-S
1)/(4r)；
Moment of torsion M suffered by torsion wire is drawn by following formulae discovery:
The resistance f that streams on homogeneous ball is drawn by following formulae discovery:
In above-mentioned formula, θ is torsion wire rotational angle, adopts Circular measure, the moment of torsion of M suffered by torsion wire, and homogeneous ball streams resistance, S to f
1and S
2for position readings, r is radian chi radius, and m is torsion wire length, and G is the shear modulus of torsion wire material, and l is the air line distance of homogeneous ball center to torsion wire, I
kfor the antitorque geometrical property parameter in cross section, this parameter is by formula I
k=π d
4/ 64 calculate, and d is torsion wire diameter.
17. measuring methods according to claim 16, it is characterized in that, the value of described torsion wire rotational angle θ is between 20 Δ θ ~ 0.2 radians, wherein Δ θ is the certainty of measurement of radian chi, its value is determined by formula Δ θ=Δ l/ (2r), Δ l is radian chi linear measure longimetry precision, and r is radian chi radius.
18. measuring methods according to claim 17, is characterized in that, the corresponding relation streaming resistance f on described homogeneous ball point place water volume flow rate u and homogeneous ball is drawn by spheroid winding coefficient Cd and reynolds number Re relation curve and following formulae discovery:
Reynolds number and flow velocity relation formula: Re=uD/v;
The computing formula of streaming resistance f on homogeneous ball:
In above-mentioned formula, Re is Reynolds number, and homogeneous ball streams resistance to f, and D is homogeneous bulb diameter, and Cd is spheroid winding coefficient, and ρ is water body density, and A is homogeneous ball cross-sectional area, and ν is the water sports coefficient of viscosity, and u is homogeneous ball point place water volume flow rate;
By streaming resistance f and can obtain homogeneous ball point place water volume flow rate u on the homogeneous ball that calculates, and export in output end of microprocessor.
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| PCT/CN2014/074967 WO2015043154A1 (en) | 2013-09-24 | 2014-04-09 | Torsion-balance type flow measuring instrument and measurement method therefor |
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| CN106556714A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-04-05 | 北京中船信息科技有限公司 | A kind of real-time watch device of long term monitoring river bottom hydrologic parameter |
| CN107807254A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2018-03-16 | 深圳大学 | A kind of two-way stable state ring water velocity test device and method |
| CN110132455B (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2020-03-17 | 浙江大学 | Device and method for measuring unbalanced moment of bottom surface of circular valve core |
| CN110567537A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2019-12-13 | 贵阳学院 | gravity rod type optical fiber flow sensor and flow detection method thereof |
| CN113324609B (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2022-08-23 | 杨勇 | Fluid metering device |
| CN113687106A (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2021-11-23 | 大连海事大学 | Extremely-low flow velocity measuring device and method based on atomic force microscope |
| CN116499958B (en) * | 2023-06-29 | 2023-09-01 | 德阳市产品质量监督检验所 | Real-time monitoring device and monitoring method for corrosion degree of material |
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| CN201594095U (en) * | 2009-03-03 | 2010-09-29 | 刘海波 | Laser wind velocity indicator of thermal fluid |
| CN102621589A (en) * | 2012-03-15 | 2012-08-01 | 上海师范大学 | Measuring device for propagation speed of gravitational field and method of measuring device |
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