CN104561035A - Rapid identification of sorghum gene resistant to powdery mildew - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses rapid identification of a sorghum gene resistant to powdery mildew, relates to subject knowledge such as plant comparative genomics, genetics, bioinformatics and the like and belongs to the scientific field of plant biotechnology. The rapid identification disclosed by the invention mainly comprises the following steps: 1) downloading a whole genome sequence of sorghum and collecting an MLO type gene; 2) identifying the MLO type gene; 3) establishing a phylogenetic relationship of the MLO type gene; and 4) comparing MLO type powdery mildew genes. According to the rapid identification disclosed by the invention, the discovery period of the powdery mildew gene of sorghum is effectively shortened, so that rapid application of powdery mildew gene is facilitated; corresponding coseparation functional markers (SNP, SCAR and the like) are developed through identified powdery mildew gene and the rapid identification can be quickly used for molecular marker-assisted selection for the gene resistant to powdery mildew with high accuracy; the molecular markers combined with other disease-resistant molecular markers can be used for innovating multi-resistant breeding materials, so that the breeding cycle is shortened and the breeding efficiency is improved, thereby laying a foundation for elaborating molecular mechanism of the sorghum gene resistant to powdery mildew.

Description

Chinese sorghum mildew-resistance gene Rapid identification

Technical field

The present invention is by means of Chinese sorghum order-checking whole genome sequence, utilize the method Rapid identification Chinese sorghum powdery mildew genes such as plant comparative genomics, genetics, information biology and candidate gene strategy, this patent is mainly concerned with the download of Chinese sorghum whole genome sequence, the qualification of candidate gene, the comparison of gene, the means such as cluster, and then identify powdery mildew gene, belong to Plant Biotechnology scientific domain.

Background technology

Powdery Mildew is by fungus-caused a kind of disease, and very wide in world wide distribution, having great harm to various plants, is the disease kind of priority control in agriculture production.After plant infection Powdery Mildew, first on blade, produce chlorisis or xanthelasma, there is white or grayish white powdery thing in blade face subsequently, then forms many black small-particles at diseased region, finally cause blade face to break, downright bad, causes the underproduction.Powdery Mildew is a kind of new expression of Chinese sorghum.In recent years, the cultivated area of Chinese sorghum expanded rapidly, distributed also more and more wider.But due to the increase of continuous cropping, the popularization of short-stalked variety, the increase of planting density and the impact of dry weather, Powdery Mildew by south morbidity again and again to north, causes the underproduction in Chinese sorghum main producing regions such as China Heilungkiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Anhui, Tianjin, Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou, Shanxi.

Be efficent rotation and spraying fungicide to the main prevention and controls of Chinese sorghum Powdery Mildew in current production, but due to the extremely strong region of spirits culture, Chinese sorghum is generally all in this locality digestion, and crop rotation can affect output; Excessive use sterilant can affect Chinese sorghum quality in addition, also can endanger environmental safety, therefore promotes that breeding resistant variety is that control Chinese sorghum Powdery Mildew is the safest, environmental protection and control strategy efficiently.But due to the food crop that Chinese sorghum is not main, add its genome comparatively greatly, make progress slow.Therefore, the seed selection process that disease-resistant gene can accelerate disease-resistant variety is excavated.

MLO type disease-resistant gene is the special class disease-resistant gene of plant.Investigator find the earliest MLO ( mildewresistance locus o) gene pairs powder mildew resistance starts from 1937-1938, acquired the barley of a lot of kind in Ethiopia by fritz, two strains wherein all have efficient resistance to all known physiological strains of Powdery Mildew (Blumeriagraminisf.sp.hordei).Further research shows, in barley, the recessive mutation mlo of MLO gene can make barley produce resistance that is lasting, wide spectrum to the physiological strain of nearly all known barley powdery mildew bacteria.Recently, investigator finds that the mildew-resistance gene of a lot of plant is all MLO type Gene Handling, as tomato, and pea, Arabidopis thaliana, rose, capsicum, Root or stem of Littleleaf Indianmulberry etc.Therefore the MLO type disease-resistant gene excavated in plant has important effect to Biology of Plant-Powdery Mildew Interaction breeding.

At present, the conventional method excavating disease-resistant gene conventional has map based cloning, the methods such as transposon tagging.But because the fundamental research of Chinese sorghum is not deep enough, not only the time is grown but also is difficult to clone these genes exactly therefore to utilize these methods.Therefore, the MLO type disease-resistant gene how in Rapid identification Chinese sorghum will become the important prerequisite of Chinese sorghum mildew-resistance breeding.

Plant comparative genomics (Comparative Genomics) is based on gene order-checking basis, compares, understand the subject of the function of gene, expression mechanisms and spore to known gene and genome structure.Between Land use models Plant Genome and other Plant Genome on coded sequence and structural homology, clone's other plant gene, discloses gene function and molecular mechanism, illustrates spore relation and genomic immanent structure.The method that this patent adopts and thinking: the research of model plant arabidopsis gene group has disclosed the function of MLO type gene, utilize the homology clone Chinese sorghum MLO type disease-resistant gene in its order of gene, according to the feature of the superiority in model plant Arabidopis thaliana experimental system and known MLO type disease-resistant gene, " seizure " Chinese sorghum mildew-resistance gene fast.In recent years, completing of Chinese sorghum gene order-checking provides condition for we excavate Chinese sorghum powdery mildew gene fast.This patent describes premised on Chinese sorghum whole genome sequence, in conjunction with knowledge such as comparative genomics, genetics, genomics, information biology and candidate gene strategy, excavates powdery mildew gene fast.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem

The object of this invention is to provide a kind of by conjunction with knowledge such as plant comparative genomics, plant genetics, genomics and information biology, excavate Chinese sorghum mildew-resistance gene fast.Its result can be used for the exploitation of Chinese sorghum powdery mildew gene compact linkage molecule mark on the one hand, carries out molecular marker assisted selection breeding, on the other hand also for other crop powdery mildew gene identification provide reference frame.

Technical scheme

Cardinal principle: first Biology of Plant-Powdery Mildew Interaction gene (MLO) is cloned from barley, research finds that this gene is the special disease-resistant gene of a class, is different from most of NBS (nucleotide-binding site) the type disease-resistant gene of previously clone; Subsequently, investigator has cloned powdery mildew gene in succession from the plants such as tomato, Arabidopis thaliana, pea, capsicum, Root or stem of Littleleaf Indianmulberry, and what research found these genes encodings is all MLO type disease-resistant gene.Subsequently, by test of many times, numerous investigator confirms that MLO type disease-resistant gene has become the distinctive class mildew-resistance gene of plant.Further discovery, plant MLO type gene is a gene family; And Phylogenetic Relationships analysis discovery is carried out to the MLO gene family deriving from different plant species, in different plant species mildew-resistance gene always cluster together, become a class, this class MLO gene all has the characteristic feature of mildew-resistance gene sequence.Completing of Chinese sorghum gene order-checking provides a convenient approach for excavating powdery mildew gene.Therefore, can by means of the Phylogenetic Relationships of MLO gene family in the Chinese sorghum full-length genome checked order and the MLO powdery mildew gene of having cloned and for maintaining the conservation of amino acids of powdery mildew gene MLO critical function to identify Chinese sorghum powdery mildew gene.

Key step is as follows:

1) download of Chinese sorghum whole genome sequence and the collection of MLO type gene thereof

First Chinese sorghum whole genome sequence is downloaded from Chinese sorghum sequenced genes group database (http://www.phytozome.net/search.php); Use " DNATOOLS " software to the Chinese sorghum full-length genome amino acid sequence data building database obtained, then pfam database (protein family database is used, http://pfamjanelia.org/search/sequence) in hidden Markov model (HMM) Blast p (E-value=0.001) sequence alignment is carried out to the aminoacid sequence of MLO structural domain and the Chinese sorghum full-length genome amino acid sequence database to have set up, preliminary screening goes out candidate gene sequence.Secondly, utilize the MLO type gene order announced, BLAST comparison is carried out to Chinese sorghum genome database, obtain candidate gene sequence.

2) qualification of Chinese sorghum MLO type gene family

By the candidate gene of homologous nucleotide sequence obtained in the above results, analyzed by Pfam (E-value=1.0), remove the gene order (Fig. 1) without ' MLO ' structural domain.The ClustalW instrument (Multiple Sequence Alignment program) Candidate Disease Resistant Genes sequence provided by MEGA3.1 software again carries out Multiple Sequence Alignment, removes tumor-necrosis factor glycoproteins.

3) by the Chinese sorghum MLO type powdery mildew gene of the Phylogenetic Relationships qualification candidate of plant MLO type gene

Because previous research is verified, dicotyledons MLO type powdery mildew gene is positioned at plant MLO Phylogenetic Tree same district group, therefore in Phylogenetic Relationships research, we are MLO type mildew-resistance gene with Chinese sorghum MLO type gene together with the cluster analysis of the MLO type gene family of Arabidopis thaliana with some other crops, to obtain Chinese sorghum mildew-resistance gene (Fig. 2).

4) comparison of Chinese sorghum powdery mildew gene and known plant MLO powdery mildew gene

BioXM2.6 software is utilized to convert the aminoacid sequence of the MLO powdery mildew gene of Chinese sorghum MLO type powdery mildew gene and Arabidopis thaliana, tomato, pea, barley the file of Fasta form to, these files are imported BioEdit7.0 software, use Clustal software in this software to carry out Multiple Sequence Alignment, disclose the conservative property in candidate's powdery mildew gene important amino acid residue and region.Thus identify the powdery mildew gene (Fig. 3) of Chinese sorghum candidate further.

Positively effect of the present invention:

1) shorten Chinese sorghum powdery mildew gene and excavate the cycle, be conducive to the Rapid identification of powdery mildew gene.Mildew-resistance gene not only takes time and effort, efficiency is low to adopt ordinary method (map based cloning, transposon tagging etc.) to excavate, and is difficult to successfully.The present invention is based on plant comparative genomics, genetics, bioinformatics method and excavate Chinese sorghum powdery mildew gene fast, not only can shorten the time, powdery mildew gene determination rates can also be improved.

2) Chinese sorghum (Sorghumbicolor) belongs to Gramineae sorghum, is one of important crops.Because Chinese sorghum hereditary basis is narrow, Germplasm Resources Diversity is low, therefore more difficult by conventional molecule marker (RAPD, ISSR, SSR, AFLP etc.) qualification Chinese sorghum powdery mildew gene.The candidate's powdery mildew gene exploitation be tested and appraised is divided into from functional indicia (SNP, SCAR etc.) accordingly, can fast for the molecular marker assisted selection of disease-resistant gene, carry out the initiative of multiresistance breeding material, can shortening the breeding cycle, improve breeding efficiency.

3) lay a good foundation for setting forth Chinese sorghum mildew-resistance molecular mechanism.The qualification of Chinese sorghum mildew-resistance gene, by transgenic technology, RNAi, virus induced gene silencing (virus induced gene silencing, VIGS) molecular mechanism of the Effect of Anti Powdery Mildew such as technology provides genetic resources, is conducive to the mechanism of action setting forth Chinese sorghum mildew-resistance fast.

Accompanying drawing explanation

The qualification of Fig. 1 Chinese sorghum MLO gene;

What this figure showed is 11 MLO type gene identification results, and each gene is containing ' MLO ' conserved domain.

The Phylogenetic Relationships analysis of Fig. 2 plant MLO gene family and the qualification of Chinese sorghum MLO type powdery mildew gene thereof;

Arabidopis thaliana is the model plant of plant science research, in phylogenetic tree construction, the powdery mildew gene (PsMLO) of 15 MLO type genes (wherein 3 genes are powdery mildew genes: AtMLO02, AtMLO06 and AtMLO12) of Arabidopis thaliana, Gene against Powdery Mildew in Tomato (S1MLO), barley powdery mildew gene (HvMLO and HvMLO02) and pea is selected to and the analysis of Chinese sorghum MLO type gene clusters.Identify the MLO type powdery mildew gene of 1 Chinese sorghum candidate altogether.In figure, the gene of italic mark is exactly candidate Chinese sorghum powdery mildew gene.

The compare of analysis of Fig. 3 Chinese sorghum MLO type powdery mildew gene;

1 Chinese sorghum powdery mildew gene and barley (HvMLO), tomato (S1MLO), pea (PsMLO), Arabidopis thaliana powdery mildew gene (AtMLO02, AtMLO06 and AtMLO12) to compare, qualification powdery mildew infects the conservative type in amino-acid residue and the region played an important role.In figure, TM1-TM7 represents 7 revolving die regions of Chinese sorghum MLO type powdery mildew gene; Black round dot represents that powdery mildew infects important amino-acid residue; CaMBD represents calmodulin CaM binding region; I and II represents and infects important amino acid region to powdery mildew.

Embodiment

The qualification of disease-resistant gene has important effect in the research of crop disease-resistant theory of heredity and disease-resistant variety seed selection.Present method Rapid identification can go out Chinese sorghum powdery mildew gene.Specific implementation process is as follows:

1) collection of Chinese sorghum MLO type gene

In order to obtain the whole MLO type gene family member of Chinese sorghum, we are first with the MLO type gene of Arabidopis thaliana, the mildew-resistance MLO gene order of tomato, pea, capsicum, rose, capsicum, Root or stem of Littleleaf Indianmulberry builds HMM model, retrieves MLO type gene from Chinese sorghum genome sequence, secondly the MLO gene order delivered in Different Crop as target sequence (from DFCI database: TC171015, TC267529, DFCI:TC327983, TC289653, TC312087, TC132500, TC133436, TC317623, TC317025, TC315947, TC325903, TC315944, TC315912, TC322759, TC322059, TC330654, TC282713, TC293173, TC281861, TC283253, TC283383, TC285032, TC290021, TC302716, TC283487, TC282866, TC283441, TC281428, TC285118, TC285090, from GenBank database: AY967408, AF384145, AF384144, AY029312-AY029315, AY029317-AY029319, Z95352, AF369563-AF369565, AF369567, AF369569-AF369576, Z83834, Z95496, AY581255), BLAST comparison is carried out to Chinese sorghum database (http://www.phytozome.net/search.php), select the highest sequence of similarity to download, obtain the MLO type gene (Sb01g030400 of 11 candidates altogether, Sb01g048500, Sb04g023170, Sb05g005260, Sb06g017770, Sb06g033180, Sb09g020550, Sb09g020560, Sb09g020570, Sb10g023955, Sb10g031010).

2) qualification of Chinese sorghum MLO type gene conserved domain

In order to verify these MLO gene accuracys further, we carry out the qualification of conserved domain " MLO " to these 11 MLO genes.With the aminoacid sequence of the MLO type gene of each candidate for benchmark, PFAM (http://pfam.sanger.ac.uk/) website is carried out the qualification of ' MLO ' conserved domain, result shows, each MLO type gene has one or more ' MLO ' structural domain (Fig. 1).

3) the Phylogenetic Relationships analysis of Chinese sorghum MLO type gene

In previous research, find that dicotyledons powdery mildew gene aggregates into district's group; Therefore, in phylogenetic tree construction, we have selected 15 MLO type genes (wherein 3 genes are powdery mildew genes: AtMLO02, AtMLO06 and AtMLO12) of model plant Arabidopis thaliana, the powdery mildew gene of Gene against Powdery Mildew in Tomato, barley powdery mildew gene and pea analyze with Chinese sorghum MLO type gene clusters together with cluster analysis.Chinese sorghum MLO type gene and other crop powdery mildew gene protein sequences are carried out multisequencing connection to join (adopting Clustal X1.83 software to carry out), and utilize Genedoc software (http://www.nrbsc.org/gfx/genedoc/index.html) to show multisequencing to join the result of joining.Clustal multisequencing is joined the result of joining output in MEGA4.0 software, and utilize this software to construct adjacent tree (neighbor-joining, NJ) respectively, utilize Bootstrapping method to assess these evolutionary trees.Found that in dicotyledons mildew-resistance gene district group, there is 1 Chinese sorghum MLO type powdery mildew gene (see Fig. 2).

4) comparison of Chinese sorghum MLO type disease-resistant gene

In the research of barley MLO type powdery mildew gene, in succession found some important areas and single amino acids in research, they infect large wheat powdery mildew irreplaceable effect.In order to identify in 1 Chinese sorghum powdery mildew gene, these important areas and amino acid whether high conservative, we have carried out amino acid alignment analysis to from 3 mildew-resistance genes (AtMLO02, AtMLO6 and AtMLO12) of Arabidopis thaliana, tomato powdery mildew gene (S1MLO), powdery mildew of pea gene (PsMLO).Find 7 cross-film districts in Chinese sorghum 1 powdery mildew gene and known MLO type powdery mildew gene, 30 important amino-acid residue, 1 calmodulin CaM binding region (CaMBD) and two regions played an important role with powdery mildew identification (I and II) high conservative (Fig. 3).Show that this gene is exactly Chinese sorghum MLO type mildew-resistance gene.

Claims (2)

1. Chinese sorghum mildew-resistance gene, is characterized in that being selected from following 1 gene:

Sb01g048500

Aminoacid sequence:

MAGGGGGRDLPSTPTWAVAVVCAVIVLVSVAMEHGLHKLGHWFHTRQKKAMREALEKIKAELMLMGFISLLLAVGQTPISKICIPTKAGNIMLPCKAQKDDDSESGGDARRILLWYSPYSGEEYGHHRRFLAGAAATDDYCDKQGKVSLISTNGVHQLHIFIFVLAVFHISYSVATMALGRLKMRKWKKWELETNSVEYQFANDPSRFRFTHQTSFVKRHLGLSSTPGVRWIVGFFRQFFASVTKVDYLTMRQGFINYHLSPNAKFNFQQYIKRSLEDDFKVVVGISLPLWFVAIFILLLDIEGLGTLIWISFVPLVILLLVGTKLEVVIMEMANEIQDKATVIKGAPAVEPSDRFFWFNRPRWVLFLIHLTLFQNAFQMAHFVWTLLTPDLKKCYHEQMGLTIMKVVVG vALQVLCSYITFPLYALVTQMGSHMKKTIFEEQTAKAVMKWRKTAKDNVKQREAKGYLDGLMSADTTPSHSRATSPSRGNSPVHLLHKYKGRSEEPQSAPTSPGRGRGQELGDMYPVADHQRLHRLDPERKRAASSTAIDIDIADADFSFSTR

Nucleotide sequence:

ATGGCGGGGGGCGGGGGCGGCCGGGACCTGCCGTCGACGCCGACGTGGGCGGTAGCGGTCGTGTGCGCCGTCATCGTGCTCGTCTCCGTCGCCATGGAGCACGGCCTCCACAAGCTCGGCCACTGGTTCCATACGAGGCAGAAGAAGGCCATGCGGGAGGCGCTGGAGAAGATCAAAGCAGAGTTGATGCTGATGGGCTTCATCTCGCTGCTCCTCGCCGTGGGGCAGACGCCCATCTCCAAGATATGTATCCCCACCAAGGCCGGCAACATCATGCTGCCGTGCAAGGCGCAGAAAGACGACGACAGCGAGAGCGGCGGCGATGCCCGCCGGAGGCTCCTCTGGTACTCGCCGTACTCTGGAGAAGAAIACGGCCACCACCGTCGGTTCTTGGCCGGCGCGGCTGCGACAGACGACTACTGCGATAAACAAGGCAAGGTGTCCCTCATCTCCACGAACGGTGTCCACCAGCTGCACATCTTCATCTTTGTGCTTGCGGTGTTCCATATCTCTTACAGCGTCGCCACCATGGCGTTAGGGCGTCTGAAAATGAGAAAATGGAAGAAATGGGAATTGGAGACCAACTCGGTGGAATATCAATTCGCAAACGATCCTTCACGATTCCGATTCACGCACCAAACATCGTTCGTGAAGCGGCACCTGGGCCTCTCGAGCACTCCTGGAGTCAGATGGATTGTGGGATTCTTCAGGCAGTTCTTCGCGTCGGTGACCAAGGTGGATTACCTGACCATGCGGCAAGGATTCATCAATTATCATCTGTCGCCCAACGCTAAGTTCAATTTCCAACAGTACATCAAGCGGTCCTTGGAGGACGACTTCAAAGTCGTCGTTGGCATAAGTCTCCCGCTGTGGTTCGTCGCCATCTTCATCCTCCTCCTCGAIATCGAAGGACTCGGCACGCTTATCTGGATCTCTTTTGTCCCGCTCGTTATACTCTTGTTGGTTGGGACCAAGCTGGAGGTTGTCATCATGGAGATGGCCAACGAGATACAGGACAAGGCGACGGTGATCAAGGGGGCGCCTGCGGTGGAGCCAAGTGACAGGTTCTTCTGGTTCAACCGCCCTCGCTGGGTCCTCTTCCTCATCCACCTCACGCTCTTCCAGAACGCCTTCCAGATGGCGCATTTCGTGTGGACACTGCTCACCCCAGACTTGAAGAAATGCTACCATGAGCAGATGGGCCTGACCATCATGAAAGTTGTAGTGGGTGTGGCTCTTCAGGTCCTCTGCAGCTACATCACCTTCCCGCTCTACGCGCTCGTCACACAGATGGGGTCTCACATGAAGAAGACCATCTTCGAGGAGCAGACGGCCAAGGCGGTGATGAAGTGGCGCAAGACGGCCAAGGACAATGTGAAGCAGCGGGAGGCGAAAGGTTACCTCGACGGGCTGATGAGCGCCGACACGACGCCGAGCCACAGCCGCGCCACGTCGCCGAGCCGGGGCAACTCGCCGGTGCACCTGCTCCACAAGTACAAGGGCCGGTCGGAGGAGCCGCAGAGCGCCCCGACGTCTCCGGGAAGGGGTCGGGGGCAGGAGCTCGGGGACATGTACCCGGTGGCCGACCACCAGCGGCTGCACAGGCTTGACCCAGAGAGGAAGAGGGCGGCCTCGTCCACCGCCATCGACATTGACATCGCTGATGCCGATTTTTCGTTTAGCACGCGGTGA。

2. the application of Rapid identification Chinese sorghum powdery mildew gene described in claim 1, comprising:

1) initiative or the new variety initiative of the breeding material of mildew-resistance MLO gene is carried: utilize the MLO GENE SOURCES given by right 1 to be parent material, in hybridization, backcross progeny, the breeding material that transformation has MLO resistant gene can be obtained.

2) mildew-resistance fundamental research: molecular marker analysis is carried out to the MLO type mildew-resistance gene of right 1; Molecular Mapping or the assignment of genes gene mapping are carried out to this gene; This gene is cloned and Interaction among genes analysis.

3) mildew-resistance transgenic research: utilize the MLO type powdery mildew gene given by claim 1 to carry out transgenic research.