CN104559348B - 石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层及其制备方法 - Google Patents
石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104559348B CN104559348B CN201310751721.1A CN201310751721A CN104559348B CN 104559348 B CN104559348 B CN 104559348B CN 201310751721 A CN201310751721 A CN 201310751721A CN 104559348 B CN104559348 B CN 104559348B
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
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- B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
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- B60Q1/04—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments the devices being headlights
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- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/006—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character
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Abstract
本申请提供一种用于形成石墨烯‑陶瓷混杂涂层的包括石墨烯(RGO:还原的氧化石墨烯)和陶瓷溶胶的石墨烯‑陶瓷混杂溶胶溶液,其中石墨烯‑陶瓷混杂涂层中石墨烯的含量约为石墨烯‑陶瓷混杂涂层总重量的0.001wt%~1.8wt%。本申请还提供一种用该石墨烯‑陶瓷混杂溶胶溶液形成的石墨烯‑陶瓷混杂涂层。本申请还提供制备所述石墨烯‑陶瓷混杂涂层的方法以及由该石墨烯‑陶瓷混杂涂层涂覆的汽车前灯。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2013年10月22日向韩国知识产权局提交的韩国专利申请第10-2013-0125885号的优先权,该申请的整个内容引入本文以供参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层及其制备方法。
背景技术
氧化石墨烯(或者氧化石墨,下文称为GO)是通过用酸处理石墨而制备的片状碳材料,并且在表面具有大量的亲水官能团、羧基(-COOH)、羟基(-OH)等。通过酸处理工艺产生的表面氧化基团自然和H2O产生氢键。因此,通常以水合的形式或以含水浆料的状态制备GO,其中浆料的固体浓度一般约为2~8wt%,只要不对其进行特别的处理。
当GO被适当地包含在薄膜或结构中时,其强度可被改善,并且可提供适当的导热性。然而,所含水分的处理会妨碍各种性质。
通常,可通过化学还原法(肼处理等)和热还原法,以石墨烯的形式制备GO。这里,还原的石墨烯被特别称为还原的氧化石墨烯(RGO)。
证据表明不是RGO上的所有氧化基团都被彻底除去。通常,相对于碳主链,表面氧化基团的氧含量小于或等于约5%。
归因于其超过常规材料的改善材料间的协同效应的潜能,RGO和常规材料的非均质混合物最近引起了浓厚兴趣。非均质混合物可用在高强度复合材料和燃料电池中。作为代表性技术,韩国专利第KR2011-0012479号描述了一种石墨烯-纳米线(半导体)混杂结构,其中在石墨烯导电部分中吸收光能,并且产生电子-空穴对。韩国专利第KR2010-0114646号描述了一种混杂复合材料制造方法,包括石墨烯薄片/碳纳米管/聚合物纳米微粒。韩国专利第KR2010-0097322号描述了一种制造可再充电锂电池用正电极石墨烯材料的方法,所述正电极石墨烯材料是通过加入Fe前体和PO4前体形成的混杂材料。美国专利第8257867号描述了一种通过在空气中烧结石墨烯和金属氧化物微粒,制造具有优异的充放电比的石墨烯复合煅烧体的方法。美国专利公开第2011-986379号描述了一种通过在高温和高压下,混合TiO2纳米粉末和石墨烯并使它们反应,而制造石墨烯-TiO2混杂材料的方法。
然而,仍然需要改进的材料。
发明内容
按照一个方面,本发明提供一种分散性和安全性改善的石墨烯-陶瓷混杂溶胶溶液。按照另一个方面,本发明提供一种均匀性、透明性和导热性改善的石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层。
特别地,按照一个实施方式,石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层由包括石墨烯(RGO:还原的氧化石墨烯)和陶瓷溶胶的石墨烯-陶瓷混杂溶胶溶液形成。石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层中的石墨烯含量优选约为石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层总重量的0.001wt%~1.8wt%,更优选地,石墨烯含量约为石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层总重量的0.01wt%~1.8wt%。石墨烯和陶瓷溶胶可以均匀地分布在石墨烯-陶瓷混杂溶胶溶液中。陶瓷可以是任何常规陶瓷,按照优选的实施方式,陶瓷选自SiO2、Al2O3、Li4Ti5O12、TiO2、SnO2、CeO2、ZrO2、V2O5、B2O3、BaTiO3、Y2O3、WO3、MgO、CuO、ZnO、AlPO4、AlF、Si3N4、AlN、TiN、WC、SiC、TiC、MoSi2、Fe2O3、GeO2、Li2O、MnO、NiO、沸石、以及它们的组合。
按照另一方面,本发明提供一种制备石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层的方法。
按照各个实施方式,所述方法包括:混合石墨烯、第一分散剂和第一非水基溶剂,以制备包括石墨烯、第一分散剂和第一非水基溶剂的分散体系;向分散体系中添加第二非水基溶剂和陶瓷前体的混合溶液,以制备混合物;使第二分散剂和水与所述混合物混合,以制备石墨烯-陶瓷混杂溶胶溶液;和用石墨烯-陶瓷混杂溶胶溶液涂覆基材。按照各个实施方式,所述方法还包括在混合石墨烯、第一分散剂和第一非水基溶剂之后,进行机械分散处理。可以通过任何已知方法,比如超声作用、搅拌、剪应力(剪切力)施加方法、利用均化器的方法、或者它们的组合,进行机械分散处理。按照各个实施方式,第一分散剂和第二分散剂可各自独立地是聚乙二醇(PEG)、丙三醇、盐酸(HCl)、醋酸、甲酸、柠檬盐、粘合剂、或者它们的组合。按照各个实施方式,第一非水基溶剂和第二非水基溶剂可各自独立地是两亲性溶剂、除水之外的水溶性溶剂、非水溶性溶剂、极性溶剂、非极性溶剂、或者它们的组合。特别地,第一非水基溶剂和第二非水基溶剂最好分别独立选自异丙醇(IPA)、乙醇、丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、乙酰丙酮、丁醇、乙二醇、聚乙二醇、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、己烷、环己酮、甲苯、氯仿、二氯代苯、二甲苯、三甲基苯、吡啶、甲基萘、硝基甲烷、丙烯腈、十八胺、苯胺、二甲亚砜、和它们的组合。按照各个实施方式,分散体系还包括选自聚乙二醇、丙三醇、葡萄糖、粘合剂、和它们的组合的添加剂。最好按约为包括第一石墨烯分散剂和非水基溶剂的混合物的固体含量的0.001wt%~5wt%的量,分散石墨烯。可以利用任何已知的涂覆工艺,比如浸涂、旋涂、喷涂、刷涂、棒涂(barcoating)、流涂、辊涂或者它们的组合,进行涂覆工艺。
按照另一个方面,本发明提供一种通过制备石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层的方法制备的石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层。
按照各个实施方式,这样制备的石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层在石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层中具有约为石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层总重量的0.001wt%~1.8wt%的石墨烯含量。
按照另一个方面,本发明提供包括石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层的汽车前灯。
本发明由此提供一种分散性和安全性改善的石墨烯-陶瓷混杂溶胶溶液、包括石墨烯-陶瓷混杂溶胶溶液并且均匀性、透明性和导热性改善的石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层、制备石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层的方法、和包括石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层的汽车前灯,其中提供改善的性能。
根据下面的详细说明、附图和权利要求书,本发明的其它特征和方面将是显而易见的。
附图说明
现在将参考附图中举例说明的本发明的一些示例性实施方式,详细说明本发明的上述和其它特征,这些实施方式在下文中只是用于举例说明,因此不是对本发明的限制,附图中:
图1示意性地表示按照常规技术和本发明的一个实施方式的制备石墨烯-陶瓷混杂溶胶溶液的方法之间的差别。
图2示意性地表示按照本发明的一个实施方式的石墨烯-陶瓷混杂溶胶溶液的制备方法。
图3是展示按照本发明的一个实施方式及比较例1和2的用于形成涂层的石墨烯-陶瓷混杂溶胶溶液的稳定性和均匀性的照片。
图4是展示按照本发明的一个实施方式和比较例2的石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层的均匀性的照片。
图5是展示按照本发明的一个实施方式的用于形成涂层的石墨烯-陶瓷混杂溶胶溶液的储存稳定性的照片。
图6是表示按照实施例1和比较例2的石墨烯-陶瓷混杂溶胶溶液的稳定性的示图。
图7是表示按照本发明的一个实施方式的石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层的透明性的示图。
图8是图解说明按照本发明的一个实施方式的评估石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层的导热性的设备和方法的照片和示图。
图9是表示按照本发明的一个实施方式的利用喷涂形成石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层的原理的照片。
符号的说明:
100:PC(聚碳酸酯)基材
101:基材边缘温度的测量点
102:热电偶(PC基材的中心)
103:热源的加热形状
应明白附图不一定是按比例绘制的,呈现的是例证本发明的基本原理的各种优选特征的略微简化表现。
附图中,附图标记在整个附图的诸图中指代本发明的相同或者等同的部分。
具体实施方式
下面,进一步详细地说明本发明的实施方式。然而,这些实施方式是示例性的,本公开并不局限于此。
说明书和权利要求书中使用的术语和用语不应按常规方式,或者根据字典来解释,基于所述术语和用语的概念可被适当的解释以便最好地描述本发明的原则,本发明人使用很好地与技术概念相称的术语和用语。
应理解,当在本文中使用时,术语“车辆”或“车辆的”或其他类似术语一般包括机动车辆,如客车,包括运动型多功能车(SUV)、公交车、货车、各类商用车,船舶,包括各种船和艇,飞行器等,并包括混合动力车、电动车、插电式混合动力电动车、氢动力汽车和其他替代燃料汽车(例如,来自石油以外的能源的燃料)。如本文所述,混合动力车是一种具有两个或更多动力源的车辆,例如同时使用汽油动力和电动力的车辆。
本文使用的术语只是用于说明特定的实施方式,并不意图限制本发明。本文使用的单数形式“一个”、“一种”和“该”意图还包括复数形式,除非上下文明确地另有说明。另外要明白当用在本说明书中时,术语“包括”和/或“包含”特指陈述的特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件和/或组件的存在,但并不排除存在或增加一个或多个其它特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件、组件和/或它们的组合。本文使用的术语“和/或”包括相关的列举项目中的一个或多个项目的任何一个和所有组合。
除非明确地记载或者根据上下文显而易见,否则本文使用的术语“约”应被理解成在本领域的正常容限之内,例如,在均值的2个标准偏差之内。“约”可被理解成在记载值的10%、9%、8%、7%、6%、5%、4%、3%、2%、1%、0.5%、0.1%、0.05%或0.01%之内。除非根据上下文清楚,否则本文提供的所有数值都由术语“约”修饰。
按照本发明的一个实施方式的石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层是由石墨烯(RGO:还原的氧化石墨烯)和陶瓷溶胶溶液形成的涂层。涂层中石墨烯的含量最好约为涂层总重量的0.001wt%~1.8wt%。当石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层中的石墨烯含量小于约0.001wt%时,不能提供具有优异的导热性和高强度的涂层,而当涂层中的石墨烯含量大于约1.8wt%时,不能确保用于形成涂层的石墨烯-陶瓷混杂溶胶溶液的均匀性,并且不能确保涂层的均匀性和透明性。特别地,为了提供具有优异的均匀性和透明性的石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层,需要用于形成涂层的石墨烯-陶瓷混杂溶胶溶液的均匀性。当把涂层中的石墨烯含量维持在上述范围内时,可以预期这样的效果。确保石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层的均匀性和透明性的石墨烯含量约为涂层总重量的0.001wt%~1.8wt%。另外,尽管石墨烯的厚度为分子单位,石墨烯的直径仅仅为数微米。因而,石墨烯存在变得起皱的问题。此外,过量的石墨烯可能是杂质,因为普通的陶瓷溶胶比重和黏度高,从而与相对较软的石墨烯和陶瓷混合。因而,重要的是调整石墨烯的含量。当石墨烯含量在上述范围内时,石墨烯和陶瓷溶胶可均匀在分布在石墨烯-陶瓷混杂溶胶溶液中。可不束缚于具体理论地预期这些事实。陶瓷可以是任何常规的陶瓷材料,最好选自SiO2、Al2O3、Li4Ti5O12、TiO2、SnO2、CeO2、ZrO2、V2O5、B2O3、BaTiO3、Y2O3、WO3、MgO、CuO、ZnO、AlPO4、AlF、Si3N4、AlN、TiN、WC、SiC、TiC、MoSi2、Fe2O3、GeO2、Li2O、MnO、NiO、沸石、及它们的组合。例如,一个例子包括TiO2、SiO2、CeO2、ZnO、Al2O3和SnO2中的一个或多个。
按照另一个实施方式,制备石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层的方法包括:混合石墨烯、第一分散剂和第一非水基溶剂,以制备包括石墨烯、第一分散剂和第一非水基溶剂的分散体系;把第二非水基溶剂和陶瓷前体的混合溶液加入所述分散体系中,以制备混合物;使第二分散剂和水与所述混合物混合,以制备石墨烯-陶瓷混杂溶胶溶液;和用石墨烯-陶瓷混杂溶胶溶液涂覆基材。按照各个实施方式,通过用还原方法,还原氧化石墨烯、氧化石墨或者它们的混合物,形成石墨烯。还原方法可以选自常规还原方法,例如,可以是化学还原法、热还原法或者它们的组合。例如,可在例如肼的强碱下进行化学还原法,可在高温下在惰性气氛中进行热还原法。然而,据报告,通过还原氧化石墨烯、氧化石墨等而制备的RGO未完全除去表面上的一部分氧化基团。因而,由于相对于碳主链,氧含量(归因于表面上的氧化基团)通常小于或等于约5%,因此本发明的石墨烯(RGO)包括相对于碳主链小于或等于约5wt%的氧含量。
按照各个实施方式,混合石墨烯、第一分散剂和第一非水基溶剂以制备分散体系的过程(本文也称为“第一过程”)是在混合石墨烯分散体系与陶瓷溶胶溶液之前单独分散石墨烯的过程。这有益于消除与亲水官能团,例如羧基(-COOH)或羟基(-OH),形成氢键的水,并且有益于使石墨烯分散最大化。按照各个实施方式,在形成陶瓷溶胶时,溶胶可起到第一分散剂的作用。特别地,在混合石墨烯、第一分散剂和第一非水基溶剂之后,准备分散体系的过程还可包括用非水基溶液冲洗生成物的过程、和处理所述生成物的机械分散过程。此外,在混合第一分散剂和第一非水基溶剂之后,所述方法可包括在机械分散处理之前,用非水基溶剂冲洗生成物。当用第一非水基溶剂进行冲洗时,生成物可以呈更适合于后续过程的形式。特别地,就后续过程来说,在冲洗过程中最好使用与第一非水基溶剂相同种类的非水基溶剂。按照各个实施方式,进行冲洗第一非水基溶剂的过程,以彻底除去吸附在石墨烯表面的水分(H2O)。该过程可以是简单的冲洗过程,或者可通过更复杂的程序进行,比如超声分散处理或者在超声分散处理之后进行该过程。可根据需要多次进行该冲洗过程。通过用非水基溶剂进行冲洗过程,在石墨烯的表面的水分消除的程度可对溶胶溶液的长时间稳定性具有有益的效果。于是,引入进行冲洗和/或冲洗度的方法可控制水分,从而可改善生成物性质。具体地,当水分被除去时,可以使溶胶稳定性效果最大化。
按照本发明的实施方式,在第一过程中,即使仅仅加入少量的水分,加入的水分也会降低溶胶稳定性。特别地,即使在石墨烯上吸附少量的水分,整个石墨烯-陶瓷混杂混合溶胶的稳定性也会显著降低,因为在与溶胶的界面存在严重的界面不稳定性。可以通过任何已知的方法,比如超声处理、搅拌、剪应力(剪切力)施加方法、利用均化器的方法、或者它们的组合,进行机械分散处理。此外,由于同时的利用分散剂的分散和利用机械分散处理的分散使分散达到最大化,因此能够保持分散稳定性,直到石墨烯以约为固体含量的5wt%的最大量,包含在第一石墨烯分散剂和非水基溶剂的混合物中为止。当形成陶瓷前体的网状物时(溶胶溶液的制备反应),源于陶瓷前体、化学物质等的离子聚集在石墨烯上,从而把表面非均匀性降低到一定程度。
按照优选的实施方式,第一分散剂具体是聚乙二醇(PEG)、丙三醇、盐酸(HCl)、醋酸、甲酸、柠檬酸、聚合物、或者它们的组合。除了第一分散剂之外,还可包括一种或多种添加剂,比如聚乙二醇、丙三醇、葡萄糖、聚合物、和它们的混合物。此外,可以包括一种或多种其它添加剂,比如粘合剂分散剂、固化剂、聚合物、基于无机物的粉末等。按照优选的实施方式,第一非水基溶剂选自两亲性溶剂、除水之外的水溶性溶剂、非水溶性溶剂、极性溶剂、非极性溶剂、或者混合溶剂,具体地,IPA(异丙醇)、乙醇、丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、乙酰丙酮、丁醇、乙二醇、聚乙二醇、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、己烷、环己酮、甲苯、氯仿、二氯代苯、二甲苯、三甲基苯、吡啶、甲基萘、硝基甲烷、丙烯腈、十八胺、苯胺、二甲亚砜、或者它们的混合溶剂。
在向分散体系添加第二非水基溶剂和陶瓷前体的混合溶液以制备混合物的后续过程中,可以省略分散剂和/或添加剂。按照各个实施方式,可以添加第二非水基溶剂作为稀释溶剂或溶胶稳定溶剂。此外,第二非水基溶剂可以与第一非水基溶剂相同,可以同质或者异质,并且可以是混合溶剂。按照优选的实施方式,陶瓷前体可以选自异丙醇钛(TTIP)和原硅酸四甲酯(TMOS)。优选地,制备包括石墨烯及陶瓷前体的混合溶液的分散体系,以使它们被分别分散,然后被混合,以制备溶胶溶液。这允许陶瓷前体分子物质最大程度地分散和吸附在片状纳米结构(石墨烯)上,从而形成均匀的石墨烯-陶瓷溶胶溶液。
在使第二分散剂和水与所述混合物混合以制备用于石墨烯-陶瓷混杂组合物的涂层的溶胶溶液的下一过程中,第二分散剂可以是与第一分散剂相同的材料、或者不同的材料,并且可以是混合材料。例如,当第一分散剂是聚乙二醇时,第二分散剂可以是聚乙二醇或盐酸。
在制备用于石墨烯-陶瓷混杂组合物的涂层的溶胶溶液之后,用溶胶溶液涂覆基材以制备石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层。可以通过任何普通的涂覆方法进行该涂覆工艺,按照各个实施方式,具体地,用浸涂、旋涂、喷涂、刷涂、棒涂、流涂、辊涂或者它们的组合进行。按照优选的实施方式,涂覆方法是浸涂、旋涂或喷涂。例如,可以利用喷涂,进行按照本发明的一个实施方式的涂覆工艺,如图9中所示,而不管待涂覆的基材的种类或形状(例如,大面积、弯曲基材等)。然而,涂覆工艺并不局限于此。
按照本发明的另一个实施方式,提供一种利用上述制备方法制备的石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层。在按照上述制备方法制备的石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层中,石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层中的石墨烯含量最好约为石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层总重量的0.001wt%~1.8wt%。
另外,本发明包括把所述涂层应用于汽车前灯。特别地,归因于本发明的效果,例如如上所述的优异的导热性,这种涂层预期可抑制归因于导热性而由灯具发热引起的成雾。作为本发明的涂层的一种具体的工业应用,所述涂层可应用于汽车前灯的灯玻璃(PC弯曲基材),以减少成雾问题。
下面,说明本发明的具体示例性实施方式。不过,具体示例性的实施方式仅仅用于更详细地举例说明本发明,不应被看作对本发明的限制。此外,在该领域中具备常识的本领域技术人员可充分理解未在本公开中说明的内容。
制备例1
氧化石墨烯的制备
在反应器中放入10g天然石墨和7.5g硝酸钠,随后边搅拌边缓慢加入621g96%的硫酸。在充分混合这3种材料之后,添加45g过氧化锰。由于过氧化锰有可能爆炸,并且当与强硫酸反应时产生热和气体,因此一点一点地在1小时内逐渐添加过氧化锰。在添加过氧化锰之后,在室温搅拌生成物,并反应4~6天。随后,加入1L5%的硫酸。由于该过程会产生大量的热和气体,因此适当冷却反应器,并在1小时内缓慢地添加硫酸,随后把生成物在室温下放置一天,同时进行搅拌。一天之后,缓慢地添加30g30%的过氧化氢,并反应2小时。为了除去合成产物中的大量硫酸和过氧化氢,反复进行冲洗和离心分离。如下进行该过程:进行离心分离以除去上清液,把按1:1的比例包括3%硫酸和0.5%过氧化氢的混合溶液加入剩余的沉淀物中,生成物充分搅拌和离心,并除去上清液。随后,把混合溶液加入剩余的沉淀物中并混合。重复这些过程15次,随后用水置换混合溶液5-6次,以获得含水氧化石墨烯(GO)浆料。
GO浆料通常是通过石墨烯的酸处理和纯化过程产生的材料,因此本发明的GO浆料可以是但不限于通常已知的片状氧化石墨烯或者氧化石墨。通常,含水GO浆料具有基于离心分离浆料的总重量的2~8wt%的固体含量。
制备例2
热还原的石墨烯的制备
通过在100℃下,真空干燥按照制备例1获得的含水氧化石墨烯浆料24小时,然后在600℃下,在N2气氛中对其热处理30分钟,制备还原的氧化石墨烯(RGO)。
制备例3
化学还原的石墨烯的制备
通过将肼加入按照制备例1获得的含水氧化石墨烯浆料中,使混合物反应24小时,并且离心分离/冲洗/干燥由此获得的沉淀物,制备还原的氧化石墨烯粉末。
实施例1
石墨烯-TiO2混杂溶胶溶液的制备
在500mL塑料瓶中放入按照制备例2制备的10mg热还原的石墨烯,向其中加入200ml IPA,再加入20g PEG,然后利用超声处理分散该混合物10分钟。向IPA分散的石墨烯(GP)分散体系中加入50ml乙酰丙酮,并向其中加入50ml TiO2陶瓷前体试剂(异丙醇钛(TTIP)),混合物搅拌30分钟以上以制备“反应物A”。搅拌使TTIP离子物质和化学物质充分均匀地接触GP片状结构的表面,从而提供在下一步骤中制备的溶胶的均匀性。向反应物A中加入150ml水、10g PEG(聚乙二醇)和1ml的HCl,混合物被均匀搅拌90分钟,以制备GP-TiO2混杂溶胶溶液。
石墨烯-TiO2混杂涂层的制备
在表面用等离子体处理的玻璃基材上,旋涂GP-TiO2混杂溶胶溶液(800rpm)。旋涂涂层在室温下真空干燥,并在180℃热处理1小时,从而形成GO-TiO2混杂涂层。这里,涂层的石墨烯含量(或者碳的含量)约为0.01-0.03wt%。
实施例2
石墨烯-TiO2混杂溶胶溶液的制备
在500mL塑料瓶中放入按照制备例2制备的10mg热还原的石墨烯,向其中加入150ml DMF,再加入15g PEG,然后利用超声处理分散该混合物10分钟。向分散在DMF中的GP分散体系加入50ml乙酰丙酮,向其中加入50ml异丙醇钛(TTIP)作为TiO2陶瓷前体试剂,混合物搅拌30分钟以上(反应物A)。该过程使TTIP离子物质和化学物质充分均匀地接触GP片状结构的表面,并提供在下一步骤中制备的溶胶的均匀性。向反应物A中加入150ml水、20gPEG(聚乙二醇)和1mlHCl,使混合物均匀反应(搅拌)90分钟,从而制备GP-TiO2混杂溶胶溶液。该混杂溶胶不被沉淀,而是无瑕疵地均匀地涂覆。
石墨烯-TiO2混杂涂层的制备
在表面用等离子体处理的玻璃基材上,旋涂GP-TiO2混杂溶胶溶液(800rpm)。旋涂涂层在室温下真空干燥,然后在180℃热处理1小时,从而形成GO-TiO2混合层。这里,涂层的石墨烯含量(或者碳的含量)约为0.01-0.03%。
实施例3
石墨烯-TiO2混杂溶胶溶液的制备
在500mL塑料瓶中放入按照制备例3制备的15mg化学还原的石墨烯制剂,向其中加入150ml IPA,再加入20g PEG,然后利用超声处理分散该混合物10分钟。另外向分散在IPA中的GP分散体系加入70ml IPA、30ml DMF和50ml乙酰丙酮,向其中加入50ml异丙醇钛(TTIP)作为TiO2陶瓷前体试剂,混合物被搅拌30分钟以上以制备“反应物A”。该过程使TTIP离子物质和化学物质充分均匀地接触GP片状结构的表面,并提供在下一步骤中制备的溶胶的均匀性。向反应物A中加入150ml水、20g PEG(聚乙二醇)、0.7ml HCl、0.3ml醋酸和0.5ml柠檬酸,使混合物均匀反应(搅拌)90分钟,从而制备GP-TiO2混杂溶胶溶液。该混杂溶胶不被沉淀,而是无瑕疵地均匀地涂覆。
石墨烯-TiO2混杂涂层的制备
在表面用等离子体处理的PC(聚碳酸酯)基材上,喷涂GP-TiO2混杂溶胶溶液,在50℃下真空干燥喷涂涂层,并通过利用IR灯反复施加瞬间的热冲击在表面热处理喷涂涂层。在300℃进行热处理,并且照射时间为3秒,反复进行该处理。当基材的温度充分降低到室温时,进行重复处理。这里,水冷(或者空气冷却)基材的下部,以使基材的温度小于100℃。
实施例4
石墨烯-SiO2混杂溶胶溶液的制备
在500mL塑料瓶中放入按照制备例3制备的15mg化学还原的石墨烯,向其中加入150ml IPA,再加入10g PEG,然后利用超声处理分散该混合物10分钟。向其中加入100ml乙醇,随后加入10mlTMOS(原硅酸四甲酯),所得混合物被搅拌30分钟以上。此时,TMOS尚未变成溶胶,并均匀地接触GP的界面。向溶液中加入50ml水和3gPEG,混合物被搅拌1小时,从而制备GP-SiO2混杂溶胶溶液。
石墨烯-SiO2混杂涂层的制备
在表面用等离子体处理的玻璃基材上喷涂GP-SiO2混杂溶胶溶液,喷涂涂层在80℃,在氮气氛下真空干燥,并在300℃热处理3小时。这里,获得的混杂层的GP含量(碳的含量)约为1.8%。
比较例1(陶瓷溶胶)
通过利用50ml IPA,向其中加入50ml异丙醇钛(TTIP)作为TiO2陶瓷前体试剂,搅拌混合物30分钟以上,向其中加入10ml水、10gPEG(聚乙二醇)和1ml HCl,随后均匀反应(搅拌)所得混合物90分钟,制备TiO2溶胶溶液。
比较例2(简单混合)
通过利用50ml乙酰丙酮,向其中加入50ml异丙醇钛(TTIP)作为TiO2陶瓷前体试剂,搅拌混合物30分钟以上,向其中加入10ml水、10g PEG(聚乙二醇)和1ml HCl,随后均匀反应(搅拌)所得混合物90分钟,制备TiO2溶胶溶液。向TiO2溶胶溶液中加入按照制备例2制备的10mg石墨烯,从而获得物理上简单的混合物。
评估1:用于石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层的溶胶溶液的均匀性(稳定性)
通过检查图3所示的每种溶胶溶液的照片,评估按照本发明的一个实施方式的用于石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层的溶胶溶液(C)和按照比较例2通过简单混合石墨烯分散体系和陶瓷溶胶溶液而制备的用于石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层的溶胶溶液(B)的均匀性(稳定性)
特别地,图3是展示与按照比较例1和2的溶胶溶液相比的按照一个实施方式的用于石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层的溶胶溶液的稳定性和均匀性的照片。图3(A)表示按照比较例1的用于石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层的溶胶溶液,图3(B)表示按照比较例2的用于石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层的溶胶溶液。图3(C)表示按照本发明的一个实施方式的用于石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层的溶胶溶液。
参见图3(B),按照比较例2的作为简单混合物制备的溶胶溶液显示出两个严重问题。(1)石墨烯分散体系疏水,并且未很好地与溶胶溶液混合,因而主要漂浮在溶胶溶液之上,结果在溶胶溶液中形成不均匀分散。(2)在分散石墨烯分散体系和溶胶溶液的混合溶液的超声处理步骤中,吸附在石墨烯表面的水分与溶胶具有界面反应(水分在界面显示出最大化的集中),极大地降低界面性质,石墨烯分散体系和溶胶溶液的混合溶液变得浑浊,并且其中产生沉淀物。裸眼检查浑浊度,以与纯溶胶溶液(A)比较。另一方面,按照本发明的一个实施方式的用于石墨烯-TiO2混杂涂层的溶胶溶液均匀,如图3(C)中所示,这种均匀的溶液对由此形成的涂层的均匀性和稳定性具有积极的影响。均匀性和稳定性是本发明的固有效果,其不能从常规的简单混合溶液获得。
评估2:石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层的均匀性
通过如图4中所示,分别在PC(聚碳酸酯)基材上旋涂每种溶胶溶液,评估按照本发明的一个实施方式的石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层和按照比较例2通过简单混合石墨烯分散体系和陶瓷溶胶溶液而形成的石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层的均匀性。
图4是展示按照一个实施方式和比较例2的石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层的均匀性的照片。图4(A)表示按照比较例2的涂层,而图4(B)表示按照本发明的一个实施方式的涂层。如图所示,尽管在图4(A)中,涂层不均匀或者剥落,但是按照本发明的一个实施方式的涂层显示出优异的均匀性和透明性,如图4(B)中所示。
评估3:用于石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层的溶胶溶液的储存稳定性
通过制备两份溶胶溶液,在一种情况下,用非水基溶剂冲洗所述溶胶溶液,在另一种情况下,不用非水基溶剂冲洗所述溶胶溶液,然后把这两份溶液在冰箱中存放3天,评估按照本发明的一个实施方式的用于石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层的溶胶溶液的储存稳定性。
图5是展示按照本发明的一个实施方式的用于石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层的溶胶溶液的储存稳定性的照片。图5(A)表示按照本发明的一个实施方式,通过不止一次地用非水基溶剂分散和冲洗石墨烯而制备的用于石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层的溶胶溶液,图5(B)表示按照本发明的另一个实施方式,不用非水基溶剂分散和冲洗石墨烯而制备的用于石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层的溶胶溶液。即使当制备时,归因于吸附水分的少量差异,用于石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层的这两份溶胶溶液未表现出取决于冲洗处理的稳定性差异,参见图5,被冲洗不止一次的用于石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层的溶胶溶液在储存稳定性方面优异,如图5A中所示。该结果表明本发明可提供储存稳定性改善的用于石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层的溶胶溶液。
图6是通过评估溶液的浑浊度和沉淀、以及涂层的稳定性和长期储存稳定性,基于常规方法和本发明的原理的比较,表示本发明的原理的示图。参见图6,当包含在石墨烯-陶瓷混杂层中的石墨烯含量在0.001wt%~1.8wt%的范围中时,按照实施例1的石墨烯-陶瓷混杂溶胶溶液在一定程度上保持安全性。另一方面,当包含在石墨烯-陶瓷混杂层中的石墨烯含量低于0.001wt%时,石墨烯-陶瓷混杂溶胶溶液表现出急剧恶化的安全性。
评估4:石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层的透明性
利用UV-Vis分光光度计(JASCO,V-530)测量石墨烯-SiO2混杂涂层的透明性,图7中提供了结果。参见图7,在550nm波长下,石墨烯-SiO2混杂涂层表现出81%的透光率,并且这里,在1100nm的厚度下,石墨烯-SiO2混杂涂层包含0.5wt%的石墨烯。
评估5:石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层的导热性
通过利用自制的导热性测量设备,评估按照本发明制备的透明石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层的导热性。
图8是图解说明按照一个实施方式评估石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层的导热性的设备和方法的照片和视图。特别地,图8(A)中图解说明用于评估石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层的导热性的设备。通过利用卤素灯作为加热源103(加热形状:直径5cm的圆),把在PC(聚碳酸酯)基材100(尺寸为10cm×10cm,厚度2mm)的中心102的热电偶(TC2)加热到120℃,同时,测量基材的基材边缘温度TC1101的测量点的温度。图8(B)是表示卤素灯加热源的照片,图8(C)是表示把TC1和TC2附着在基材上的过程的照片。
利用图8中的设备,作为比较和检查PC裸基材、用纯溶胶溶液形成的陶瓷溶胶涂层、和按照本发明的一个实施方式的石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层的结果,与在涂覆以石墨烯-TiO2陶瓷混杂涂层之前的基材相比,包括0.1%石墨烯的1000nm厚基材表现出大于或等于约4倍的改善的表面导热性。另外,与涂覆以按照比较例1的陶瓷溶胶溶液的基材相比,包括0.1%石墨烯的1000nm厚基材表现出大于或等于约2倍的改善的表面导热性。
尽管结合目前认为实际的示例性实施方式说明了本发明,不过应明白,本发明并不局限于公开的实施方式,相反,本发明意图覆盖包含在所附权利要求书的精神和范围内的各种修改和等同设置。
Claims (9)
1.一种制备石墨烯-陶瓷混杂涂层的方法,包括:
混合石墨烯、第一分散剂和第一非水基溶剂,以制备包括石墨烯、第一分散剂和第一非水基溶剂的分散体系;
向所述分散体系中添加第二非水基溶剂和陶瓷前体的混合溶液,以制备混合物;
使第二分散剂和水与所述混合物混合,以制备石墨烯-陶瓷混杂溶胶溶液;和
用所述石墨烯-陶瓷混杂溶胶溶液涂覆基材,
所述第一分散剂和所述第二分散剂各自独立地选自聚乙二醇、丙三醇、盐酸、醋酸、甲酸、柠檬酸、和它们的组合。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中制备所述分散体系的过程还包括在混合石墨烯、第一分散剂和第一非水基溶剂之后,进行机械分散处理。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中在混合第一分散剂和第一非水基溶剂之后,所述方法还包括在所述机械分散处理之前用非水基溶剂冲洗生成物。
4.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中通过超声处理、搅拌、剪切力施加方法、利用均化器的方法、或者它们的组合,进行所述机械分散处理。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述第一非水基溶剂和所述第二非水基溶剂各自独立地选自两亲性溶剂、除水之外的水溶性溶剂、非水溶性溶剂、极性溶剂、非极性溶剂、和它们的组合。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述第一非水基溶剂和所述第二非水基溶剂各自独立地选自异丙醇、乙醇、丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲醇、乙酰丙酮、丁醇、乙二醇、聚乙二醇、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、己烷、环己酮、甲苯、氯仿、二氯代苯、二甲苯、三甲基苯、吡啶、甲基萘、硝基甲烷、丙烯腈、十八胺、苯胺、二甲亚砜、和它们的组合。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中制备所述分散体系的过程还包括添加选自聚乙二醇、丙三醇、葡萄糖、粘合剂、和它们的组合的一种或多种添加剂。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中基于包括石墨烯、第一分散剂和非水基溶剂的混合物的固体含量,以0.001wt%~5wt%的量分散所述石墨烯。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中通过浸涂、旋涂、喷涂、刷涂、棒涂、流涂、辊涂或者它们的组合进行涂覆工艺。
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CN115611619B (zh) * | 2022-10-26 | 2023-07-11 | 娄底市海天特种陶瓷有限公司 | 一种温控器陶瓷材料及其制备方法 |
CN116676000A (zh) * | 2023-06-09 | 2023-09-01 | 安徽宇航派蒙健康科技股份有限公司 | 散热涂料及其制备方法和发热装置 |
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- 2013-12-31 CN CN201310751721.1A patent/CN104559348B/zh active Active
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US20170073563A1 (en) | 2017-03-16 |
US9527773B2 (en) | 2016-12-27 |
DE102013227201B4 (de) | 2019-09-12 |
DE102013227201A1 (de) | 2015-04-23 |
US20150110972A1 (en) | 2015-04-23 |
CN104559348A (zh) | 2015-04-29 |
KR101510805B1 (ko) | 2015-04-08 |
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