CN104558492B - 一种低气味高阻燃的车用聚氨酯内饰泡沫及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种低气味高阻燃的车用聚氨酯内饰泡沫，按照重量份数计，其配方为：PPG 100～110份，水2.5～3.5份，胺类催化剂0.2～0.40份，硅油0.5～1.0份，阻燃剂BNE‑6364.5～5.0份，TDI 40～45.15份，T‑90.15～0.25份，二氯甲烷3‑5份。BNE636的羟值为35，聚氨酯软泡的NCO指数为105.6％。还公开了其制备方法，本发明制备的聚氨酯软泡既获得良好的阻燃性，又具有较低的气味和VOC。本发明添加一定量的物理发泡剂来降低体系内部反应温度，以提高配方的稳定性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化学化工的领域，涉及一种高分子材料，具体涉及一种低气味高阻燃的车用聚氨酯内饰泡沫及其制备方法。
背景技术
化学化工领域中，通常通过添加阻燃剂来使聚氨酯软泡获得一定的阻燃性，但添加型阻燃剂中含有的小分子物质，如TEP，TPP等均会带来一种特殊的、令人不快的气味，同时在长期使用中，泡沫中的阻燃剂也会不断迁移散发，对使用者的健康产生危害。
在汽车内饰件对气味要求越来越严格的今天，如何生产低气味而又符合FMVSS302阻燃标准的软泡是一个难题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供一种低气味高阻燃的车用聚氨酯内饰泡沫及其制备方法，以克服现有扁桃酸生产方法所存在的上述缺点和不足。
本发明所需要解决的技术问题，可以通过以下技术方案来实现：
作为本发明的第一方面，一种低气味高阻燃的车用聚氨酯内饰泡沫，其特征在于，按照重量份数计，其配方为：
进一步，优选的聚氨酯软泡，按照重量份数计，其配方为：
进一步，所述BNE636的羟值为35，聚氨酯软泡的NCO指数为105.6％。
作为本发明的第二方面，一种低气味高阻燃的车用聚氨酯内饰泡沫的制备方法其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)原料的准备：按照重量份数计，按照配方将所述原料准备好；
(2)混合：将步骤(1)准备好的原料混合，以6000rpm的速度搅拌6～8s；
(3)乳白：将混合物快速倒入模具中，观察其由半透明变至全浑浊、发白的粘稠液体；
(4)凝胶：观察上升的泡沫体停止增长，并有大量气泡从表皮吐出。
其中，步骤(1)中，原料温度27℃～30℃。
其中步骤(2)中，采用机头搅拌时间6～8S。
其中步骤(3)中，乳白时间为14～15s。
其中步骤(4)中，凝胶时间为135～140s。
本发明的有益效果：
1、本发明设计一种全新体系的配方，通过添加结构型阻燃剂，突破传统方法，利用化学键能固定阻燃剂分子，长期使用不易发生阻燃剂迁移，使得生产的聚氨酯软泡既获得良好的阻燃性，又具有较低的气味和VOC。
2、传统添加阻燃剂方法会带来健康危害和令人不快的异味，对车内空气造成污染，对乘员的健康产生长久的危害。而反应型阻燃剂通常会对泡沫结构产生不利的影响，一方面羟值过高会消耗较多的异氰酸酯增加成本，另一方面阻燃剂内部的交联结构容易导致泡沫体收缩。
3、添加反应型阻燃剂后，阻燃剂中的羟基、胺基等反应基团会和异氰酸酯的NCO基团发生反应，形成聚氨基甲酸酯类聚合物，同时放出大量热量，极易导致体系温度过高，造成黄芯甚至自燃。因此在配方设计时，除了选择低羟值、高分子量的阻燃剂外，还需根据阻燃剂的羟值，计算出同等指数下所需的异氰酸酯用量，同时添加一定量的物理发泡剂来降低体系内部反应温度，以提高配方的稳定性。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例，对本发明作进一步说明。应理解，以下实施例仅用于说明本发明而非用于限定本发明的范围。
实施例
一种低气味高阻燃的车用聚氨酯内饰泡沫，其特征在于，按照重量份数计，其配方为：
进一步，优选的聚氨酯软泡，按照重量份数计，其配方为：
25kg/m3配方如表1：
表1 配方
BNE636的羟值为35，添加后适当提高TDI用量，同时添加二氯甲烷物理发泡剂，NCO指数为105.6％。
一种低气味高阻燃的车用聚氨酯内饰泡沫的制备方法其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)原料的准备：按照重量份数计，按照配方将所述原料准备好；
(2)混合：将步骤(1)准备好的原料混合，以6000rpm的速度搅拌6～8s；
(3)乳白：将混合物快速倒入模具中，观察其由半透明变至全浑浊、发白的粘稠液体；
(4)凝胶：观察上升的泡沫体停止增长，并有大量气泡从表皮吐出。
其中，步骤(1)中，原料温度27℃～30℃。
其中步骤(2)中，采用机头搅拌时间6～8S。
其中步骤(3)中，乳白时间为14～15s。
其中步骤(4)中，凝胶时间为135～140s。
经一步成型反应得到的泡沫物性如表2：
表2 物理性质
| 原25密度性能测试 | 结构阻燃型海绵性能测试 | |
| 密度 | 22.6 | 23.3 |
| 表面硬度 | 38 | 39 |
| 压陷硬度25％ | 74 | 74 |
| 拉伸强度KPa | 80 | 84 |
| 断裂伸长率％ | 101 | 102 |
| 阻燃性(mm/min) | 84 | 55 |
| 透气率 | 1680 | 1590 |
| 气味测试 | 4.0+ | 3.5 |
由表2的测试结果可看出，通过添加结构型阻燃剂，对物性产生微小的影响，但极大降低了气味测试结果，从4.0+级别降低为3.5级别，可达到大众、上汽等主机厂对气味的要求标准。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种低气味高阻燃的车用聚氨酯内饰泡沫，其特征在于，按照重量份数计，其配方为：
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯内饰泡沫，其特征在于，所述BNE636的羟值为35，聚氨酯软泡的NCO指数为105.6％。
3.一种如权利要求1所述的低气味高阻燃的车用聚氨酯内饰泡沫的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)原料的准备：按照重量份数计，按照配方将所述原料准备好；
(2)混合：将步骤(1)准备好的原料混合，以6000rpm的速度搅拌6～8s；
(3)乳白：将混合物快速倒入模具中，观察其由半透明变至全浑浊、发白的粘稠液体；
(4)凝胶：观察上升的泡沫体停止增长，并有大量气泡从表皮吐出。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中，原料温度27℃～30℃。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中，采用机头搅拌时间6～8s。
6.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)中，乳白时间为14～15s。
7.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(4)中，凝胶时间为135～140s。
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| CN102167791A (zh) * | 2011-02-25 | 2011-08-31 | 北京万博汇佳科贸有限公司 | 一种用于软质聚氨酯泡沫的反应型阻燃剂及应用 |
| CN103865025A (zh) * | 2014-03-14 | 2014-06-18 | 厦门大学 | 一种本质阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料 |
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| CN101250320A (zh) * | 2008-04-06 | 2008-08-27 | 陈春潮 | 一种阻燃绵 |
| CN102167791A (zh) * | 2011-02-25 | 2011-08-31 | 北京万博汇佳科贸有限公司 | 一种用于软质聚氨酯泡沫的反应型阻燃剂及应用 |
| CN103865025A (zh) * | 2014-03-14 | 2014-06-18 | 厦门大学 | 一种本质阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料 |
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