CN104558152A - 一种丁丙诺啡人工抗原的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种丁丙诺啡人工抗原的制备方法,第一步为半抗原的制备及检测:以盐酸丁丙诺啡与丁二酸酐为原料通过游离,接臂,反应得到含羧基的半抗原;第二步为人工抗原的制备与检测:通过碳二亚胺法使之与牛血清蛋白(BSA)结合制备丁丙诺啡的人工抗原即丁丙诺啡-牛血清蛋白。所制备的丁丙诺啡人工抗原可进行动物免疫,取得相应的丁丙诺啡抗体,可用于各种丁丙诺啡类免疫分析法的研究,为丁丙诺啡的检测提供更加方便快速准确的途径。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物化工技术领域,具体涉及一种丁丙诺啡人工抗原的制备方法。
背景技术
丁丙诺啡(BUP)属于麻醉镇痛药,为阿片受体部分激动剂。镇痛作用强于哌替啶。起效慢,持续时间长。对呼吸有抑制作用。药物依赖性近似吗啡,与吗啡比较,具有作用时间较长、药物依赖性低的特点。丁丙诺啡除了具有镇痛作用外,还对嗜吸毒品者产生戒毒治疗作用。其结构式为:
丁丙诺啡具有生理依赖性,心里依赖性和耐受性。因此丁丙诺啡要合理利用,滥用可能导致海洛因一样的后果。丁丙诺啡也是吸毒者追逐的对象,因此必须严格管理,目前已被国家和国际禁毒公约列入麻醉药品的规范中进行严格管制。
目前,对丁丙诺啡的检测主要依靠高效液相色谱法(HPLC),气相色谱(GC),薄层色谱(TLC),质朴(MS)等,但是存在仪器昂贵,检测费时,并且需要专业技术人员进行操作,不能达到现代检测对快速,准确的要求。而免疫分析法可以弥补以上所有缺点,免疫分析法是一种利用抗原抗体特异性结合反应检测各种物质(药物、激素、蛋白质、微生物等)的分析方法,该方法的前提就是需要提供特异性的抗原和抗体。因此有必要提供一种有效的丁丙诺啡人工抗原的制备方法,制备的丁丙诺啡人工抗原可用于免疫制备具有特异性的丁丙诺啡抗体,进一步用于检测。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中存在的缺陷与不足,提供一种丁丙诺啡人工抗原的制备方法,所制备的丁丙诺啡人工抗原可进行动物免疫,取得相应的丁丙诺啡抗体,可用于各种丁丙诺啡类免疫分析法的研究,为丁丙诺啡的检测提供更加方便快速准确的途径。
一种丁丙诺啡人工抗原的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备人工半抗原:
(a)将盐酸丁丙诺啡溶于纯化水,滴加氨水,游离使之pH≈9;用乙酸乙酯萃取,转干,得到白色固体产物Ⅰ;TLC:层析液为95%乙醇:氨水:二氯甲烷:1,4-二氧六环=8:1:10:1(v/v),产物Rf=0.8~0.9;
(b)将产物Ⅰ溶于5ml无水吡啶中,加入200mg丁二酸酐,100℃回流搅拌反应20小时以上;反应结束后,将溶剂减压蒸馏,用二氯甲烷萃取,转干得棕褐色丁丙诺啡半抗原Ⅱ;TLC:层析液为95%乙醇:氨水:二氯甲烷:1,4-二氧六环=8:1:10:1(v/v),产物Rf=0.3~0.4;
(2)制备丁丙诺啡人工抗原:
(c)将丁丙诺啡半抗原Ⅱ溶于5ml N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,加入40mg N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺、72mg环己基碳酰二亚胺,室温搅拌反应20小时以上,反应结束后离心取上清液记为A液;
(d)将氯化钠与十二水磷酸氢二钠、二水磷酸二氢钠以摩尔比为78.3:4.2:1溶于双蒸水中,制备钠离子浓度为0.1mol/L的PBS缓冲液,pH为7.2~7.4;
(e)将牛血清蛋白溶于PBS缓冲液中,得到浓度为5mg/ml的B液;
(f)将A液缓慢滴加到B液,A液与B液的体积比为1:5,得到的混合液在2-8℃条件下静置保存过夜,得到人工抗原混合液;
(g)将人工抗原混合液于PBS缓冲液中透析,透析结束后离心取上清液即得到人工抗原:丁丙诺啡-牛血清蛋白。
由于丁丙诺啡的分子量较小,单独作用时不具有免疫原性或免疫原性较弱,因此必须将其与大分子载体比如牛血清蛋白连接形成丁丙诺啡抗原后,才能刺激机体产生相应的丁丙诺啡抗体。本发明在制备丁丙诺啡人工抗原过程中,所选的位点和交联方法都没有明显改变其结构,保留了抗原决定簇。在丁丙诺啡半抗原和牛血清蛋白之间引入桥结构,暴露抗原决定簇,所获得的丁丙诺啡人工抗原保持了丁丙诺啡的结构特异性,有利于相应丁丙诺啡抗体的产生。
本发明的技术方案分为两步,第一步为半抗原的制备及检测:以盐酸丁丙诺啡为原料通过游离,和丁二酸酐反应得到含羧基的半抗原;第二步为人工抗原的制备与检测:通过碳二亚胺法使之与牛血清蛋白(BSA)结合制备丁丙诺啡的人工抗原即丁丙诺啡-牛血清蛋白。其反应方程式如下:
本发明制备得到的丁丙诺啡人工抗原可通过以下方法进行鉴定:
偶联物蛋白浓度的测定:精确量取Protein standard(BSA)分别配制成浓度为0.2,0.4,0.6,,0.8,1.0,1.2,1.6mg/ml的标准系列浓度,混匀,取50ul各浓度标准蛋白溶液加入到一次性比色杯中,加入250ul reagent A,混匀,再加入2.0ml reagent B,反应10分钟后以分光光度计测得吸光度。空白液为reagent A250ul加reagent B2.0ml。以OD值为横坐标,浓度为纵坐标作标准曲线,得出标准曲线线性方程。精确量取样品量为50ul,加入到一次性比色杯中,加入250ul reagent A,摇匀,再加入2.0ml reagent B,反应10分钟后以分光光度计测得吸光度。通过已得出的标准曲线求得样品浓度。本发明计算得丁丙诺啡抗原的蛋白浓度为2.49mg/ml。
有益效果
通过本发明的方法制备的抗原的产率高,纯度高,为下一步免疫抗体提供了必要的条件,为之别高纯度和高特异性的抗体提供了可能。
附图说明
图1是丁丙诺啡人工抗原的液相色谱图。
具体实施方式
丁丙诺啡人工抗原制备分为两步,第一步为半抗原的制备及检测:以盐酸丁丙诺啡为原料通过游离,和丁二酸酐反应得到含羧基的半抗原;第二步为人工抗原的制备与检测:通过碳二亚胺法使之与牛血清蛋白(BSA)结合制备丁丙诺啡的人工抗原即丁丙诺啡-牛血清蛋白。
实施例1
(1)人工半抗原的制备:
(a)称取盐酸丁丙诺啡100mg于50ml锥形瓶中,加入20mL纯化水充分溶解,然后滴加氨水pH=9,有白色混浊物产生,用40ml乙酸乙酯萃取,水相再用2×15ml乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤于50ml单口圆底烧瓶中,转干,得白色产物Ⅰ76mg,TLC:层析液为95%乙醇:氨水:二氯甲烷:1,4-二氧六环=8:1:10:1(v/v),产物Rf=0.8~0.9;
(b)加入5ml无水吡啶溶液,产物Ⅰ溶解,加入200mg丁二酸酐,加热至100℃,回流反应21小时;停止反应,冷却至室温,减压蒸干溶剂,得一棕褐夹苍白色粘状固体,加入20mL的二氯甲烷溶解,然后再加入约20mL的纯化水,萃取,水相用3×20ml二氯甲烷萃取,合并所有有机相,用2×60mL纯化水洗涤,用无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,滤入已知重量的50mL圆底烧瓶中,转干,棕褐色丁丙诺啡半抗原Ⅱ124mg;TLC:层析液为95%乙醇:氨水:二氯甲烷:1,4-二氧六环=8:1:10:1(v/v),产物Rf=0.3~0.4;
(2)丁丙诺啡人工抗原的制备:
(c)将124mg丁丙诺啡半抗原Ⅱ溶于5ml N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中(DMF),加入40mg N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)、72mg环己基碳酰二亚胺(DCC),室温搅拌反应过夜,反应结束离心取上清液记为A液。
(d)称取14.5g十二水磷酸氢二钠,43.875g氯化钠,1.495g二水磷酸二氢钠用双蒸水溶解定容至5.0L,得到PBS缓冲液,pH为7.2~7.4。
(e)称取0.125g牛血清蛋白溶于25mlPBS缓冲液中,得到的溶液记为B液。
(f)在快速搅拌下,将A液缓慢滴加到B液,A液与B液的体积比为1:5,得到的混合液 在2-8℃条件下静置保存过夜,得到人工抗原混合液。
(g)将人工抗原混合液移入透析袋中,用上述PBS缓冲液透析9次,透析结束后离心取上清液即得到人工抗原:丁丙诺啡-牛血清蛋白。图1是丁丙诺啡人工抗原的液相色谱图
(3)丁丙诺啡人工抗原的鉴定:
偶联物蛋白浓度的测定:精确量取Protein standard(BSA)分别配制成浓度为0.2,0.4,0.6,,0.8,1.0,1.2,1.6mg/ml的标准系列浓度,混匀,取50ul各浓度标准蛋白溶液加入到一次性比色杯中,加入250ul reagent A,混匀,再加入2.0ml reagent B,反应10分钟后以分光光度计测得吸光度。空白液为reagent A250ul加reagent B2.0ml。以OD值为横坐标,浓度为纵坐标作标准曲线,得出标准曲线线性方程。精确量取样品量为50ul,加入到一次性比色杯中,加入250ul reagent A,摇匀,再加入2.0ml reagent B,反应10分钟后以分光光度计测得吸光度。通过已得出的标准曲线求得样品浓度。本发明计算得丁丙诺啡抗原的蛋白浓度为2.49mg/ml。获得的浓度显著大于传统方法制备的浓度,而且纯度达到98%以上。
经过后续试验,采用本发明制备的人工抗原和市售的抗体的配对的亲合力高,特异性达到98%以上(具体实验数据略)。
Claims (1)
1.一种丁丙诺啡人工抗原的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1) 制备人工半抗原:
(a) 将盐酸丁丙诺啡溶于纯化水,滴加氨水,游离使之pH≈9;用乙酸乙酯萃取,转干,得到白色固体产物Ⅰ;TLC:层析液为95%乙醇:氨水:二氯甲烷:1,4-二氧六环=8: 1: 10: 1(v/v),产物Rf =0.8~0.9;
(b) 将产物Ⅰ溶于5ml无水吡啶中,加入200mg丁二酸酐,100℃回流搅拌反应20小时以上;反应结束后,将溶剂减压蒸馏,用二氯甲烷萃取,转干得棕褐色丁丙诺啡半抗原Ⅱ;TLC:层析液为95%乙醇:氨水:二氯甲烷:1,4-二氧六环=8: 1: 10: 1(v/v),产物Rf =0.3~0.4;
(2) 制备丁丙诺啡人工抗原:
(c) 将丁丙诺啡半抗原Ⅱ溶于5ml N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,加入40mg N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺、72mg环己基碳酰二亚胺,室温搅拌反应20小时以上,反应结束后离心取上清液记为A液;
(d) 将氯化钠与十二水磷酸氢二钠、二水磷酸二氢钠以摩尔比为78.3:4.2:1溶于双蒸水中,制备钠离子浓度为0.1mol/L的PBS缓冲液,pH为7.2~7.4;
(e) 将牛血清蛋白溶于PBS缓冲液中,得到浓度为5mg/ml的B液;
(f) 将A液缓慢滴加到B液,A液与B液的体积比为1:5,得到的混合液在2-8℃条件下静置保存过夜,得到人工抗原混合液;
(g) 将人工抗原混合液于PBS缓冲液中透析,透析结束后离心取上清液即得到人工抗原:丁丙诺啡-牛血清蛋白。
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