CN104535448A - Method for measuring absorptive capacity of plant leaves to particles and adsorption particle size grades - Google Patents
Method for measuring absorptive capacity of plant leaves to particles and adsorption particle size grades Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring the absorptive capacity of plant leaves to particles and adsorption particle size grades. The method includes the steps of ultrasonic washing and filtering, wherein in the filtering step, filter membranes of different aperture grades are sequentially used for filtration, the filter membranes are weighed before and after performing filtration, and the weight and the grade the adsorption particles can be calculated. By means of the technical scheme, particle sizes of the surfaces and wax layers of the leaves can be measured grade by grade, and environmental management is greatly helped.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the measuring technique of particle settling amount, relate to different leaf surface of plant and wax coat especially to the measuring method of different diameter airborne particle adsorbance in air.
Background technology
Due to plant leaf blade have can sedimentation, the ability of particle in adsorb atmospheric, be the effective means purified air, therefore, the plant that we should effectively utilize adsorbance large purifies air.Also the research of the adsorptive power to plant leaf blade has thus been caused.
Particle in air can carry out classification according to particle diameter, and the particle that particle diameter is less often causes larger impact to human health.And existing blade adsorptive power measuring method simply can only measure the total amount of blade surface retardance, adsorption particle thing, still can not carry out classification accurately to the particle diameter of adsorption particle thing, also the number of adsorbed small size particle cannot therefore accurately be judged, also therefore cannot judge effective adsorptive power of such plant, thus administer the reference of proposition science for social environment.
In addition, the particle that leaf surface blocked, adsorbs often can enter air again under dry, windy weather condition, form settling flux, and the particle entering blade wax coat can be fixed in wax coat, just becomes really by the securing particle of plant leaf blade.Therefore, we are necessary to invent a kind of new measuring method, the amount of different diameter airborne particle of retardance in other leaf surface measuring plant leaf blade and wax coat, absorption can be had point, such ability effectively distinguishes which plant is only really can adsorption particle thing, is the species that environment contributes.
Summary of the invention
Just because of this, the invention provides a kind of plant leaf blade of measuring to particle adsorbance and the method for adsorbing particle diameter grade, the method not only can measure the adsorbance on blade and blade surface, the adsorbance of blade wax coat can also be measured, more effective is the particle diameter grade can also measuring these particles, thus solves the problem of plant environment improvement.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of plant leaf blade of measuring is to particle adsorbance and the method for adsorbing particle diameter grade, comprise and blade to be measured is soaked the step of carrying out Ultrasonic Cleaning in a liquid and the step of filtering the solution after cleaning, the filter membrane of different pore size grade is used to filter solution successively in filtration, filter membrane before and after filtering is weighed comparison, is calculated weight and the grade of blade institute adsorption particle thing with this.
Concrete operation step is:
1) a set of ultrasonic cleaner and a set of Suction filtration device is prepared;
2) choose the blade treating measuring plants, load in sampler bag, numbering envelope;
3) in grain-size of atmospheric particulate substance category, divide the particle size grade of blade absorption in advance, in each grade, critical grain size size filter membrane and lower critical grain size filter membrane are set, wherein, hydrophilic filter membrane is used for leaf surface, hydrophobic membrane filtration is used for wax coat;
4), after all filter membranes being dried, put into balance room's balance, destaticing, be placed on balance and weigh, remember initial weight respectively;
5) blade to be measured is put into conical flask, pour deionized water into, guarantee that blade floods by deionized water, then conical flask is put in ultrasonic cleaner and shake, take out blade after concussion and obtain solution;
6) obtained solution is filtered through described Suction filtration device, a mesh screen is placed in the porch of filtrator, its aperture is greater than all filter sizes, and successively press aperture order from big to small at the filtration mouth place of filtrator, place all hydrophilic filter membranes successively, make the filtration of filter membrane from big to small through aperture successively of obtained solution;
7) another conical flask is put into again with the blade after deionized water concussion washing by upper step, organic solvent is poured in bottle, guarantee that blade floods by organic solvent, then conical flask is put in ultrasonic cleaner and shake, take out blade after concussion and obtain solution;
8) adopt and use the same method, obtained solution is filtered through described Suction filtration device, a mesh screen is placed in the porch of filtrator, its aperture is greater than all filter sizes, and successively press aperture order from big to small at the filtration mouth place of filtrator, place all hydrophobic membrane filtration successively, make the filtration of filter membrane from big to small through aperture successively of obtained solution;
9) above-mentioned all filter membranes are put in filter membrane Storage Box after filtration immediately;
10) taken out by all filter membranes after filtering, dry, then put into balance room's balance, be placed on balance by equilibrated filter membrane and weigh, note end is heavy respectively;
11) weight difference before and after each membrane filtration is calculated, with described weight difference divided by the blade total area, the weight of particle under the corresponding grade that Ji get unit blade area leaf surface, wax coat adsorb.
Further, the method choosing plant leaf blade to be measured is: three At The Heights from plant upper, middle and lower respectively, and East, West, South, North four direction samples.
Further, if can not test immediately after sampling, then sampler bag is put into 4 DEG C of refrigerators and preserve, the holding time is no more than a week.
Further, the oven dry of filter membrane is dried in the baking oven being put in 60 DEG C, then puts into balance room and balance 24 hours, guarantees the temperature of filter membrane and balance room, humidity reaches consistent.
Further, described hydrophilic filter membrane, drips isopropyl alcohol before suction filtration.
Further, while carrying out filtering, suction filter pump is opened.
Further, in step 5) and step 7) in, the concrete grammar jointly taked is:
1. first testing sample is put into No. 1 conical flask, pour deionized water into, guarantee that blade floods by deionized water, then this conical flask is put in ultrasonic cleaner and shake;
2. from ultrasonic cleaner, take out No. 1 conical flask, therefrom take out blade, put into No. 2 conical flasks, then pour deionized water in No. 2 conical flasks, guarantee that blade floods by deionized water, then this conical flask is put into ultrasonic cleaner concussion;
3. from ultrasonic cleaner, take out No. 2 conical flasks, therefrom take out blade, put into No. 3 conical flasks, then pour deionized water in No. 2 conical flasks, guarantee that blade floods by deionized water, then this conical flask is put into ultrasonic cleaner concussion;
4. the solution in 2, No. 3 conical flasks is focused in No. 1 conical flask.
Further, in step 6) and step 8) in, the concrete grammar jointly taked is:
1. fallen down above mesh screen by the solution containing particle in conical flask, solution first by mesh screen, filters out the large particle of particle diameter and impurity, then further by the filter membrane that aperture is maximum, collects the solution after filtration;
2. take off the filter membrane that aperture is maximum, put into filter membrane Storage Box, change the filter membrane taken second place in aperture, 1. walk the filtering solution collected and again fall down above filter membrane, the filter membrane that solution is taken second place by aperture, then collects the solution after filtration;
3. so circulation is gone down, till all being used by all filter membranes being suitable for described filtering solution.
The beneficial effect that the present invention obtains because taking above technical scheme is: (1) the present invention proposes a kind of new method measured Cut size in leaf surface and wax coat, the method utilizes the mode of ultrasonic oscillation, particle concussion on blade is fallen, can more thorough for particle cleaning.(2) adopt moderate number of times, the particle of more than 90% can be washed, simultaneously not damaged blade.(3) hydrosolvent cleaning is adopted for leaf surface, because leaf surface particle is water-soluble, organic solvent cleaning is adopted for wax coat, because the wax composition in wax coat can not be water-soluble, but can organic solvent be dissolved in, so use these methods that particle can both be made rightly to depart from blade.(4) adopt hydrophilic film to filter for leaf surface particle, be because leaf surface particle is water-soluble, adopting hydrophobic film to filter to wax coat particle, is be dissolved in organic solvent because wax coat particle is water insoluble.(5), before weighing filter membrane weight with analytical balance, by filter membrane by going Electrostatic Treatment, the data accuracy of weighing can be guaranteed.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in the following description, and part is apparent from instructions, or understands by implementing the present invention.Object of the present invention and other advantages realize by structure specifically noted in write instructions, claims and accompanying drawing and obtain.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing only for illustrating the object of specific embodiment, and does not think limitation of the present invention, and in whole accompanying drawing, identical reference symbol represents identical parts.
Fig. 1-1 is tree up-sampling side view;
Fig. 1-2 is tree up-sampling vertical view;
Fig. 2 is the device schematic diagram of Ultrasonic Cleaning blade;
Fig. 3 is the device schematic diagram filtering cleaning solution.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, detailed introduction is given to the present invention.Wherein, accompanying drawing forms the application's part, and together with embodiments of the present invention for explaining technical scheme of the present invention.
The present invention can classify as and solve three aspect problems: one is the total amount can measuring blade institute adsorption particle thing, two is the particle amounts that can record leaf surface and wax coat respectively, three is can also divide particle diameter grade further, measures the amount of the different-grain diameter grade particle of leaf surface and wax coat respectively.
We describe the specific implementation process of the inventive method with following embodiment.
1. measure object:
Measure the amount of Deposited particulate matter in certain plant leaf blade leaf surface and wax coat, and be that graduation is measured.Particle size grade meets Atmospheric particulates category, according to the self-defined division of requirement of experiment, can be divided into multiple.
For three kinds of particle diameter grade classification in the present embodiment.If leaf surface three kinds of particle diameter class boundaries are respectively A, B, C, D, three kinds of particle size range that can record are respectively: A ~ B, B ~ C, C ~ D, A > B > C > D; If wax coat three kinds of particle diameter class boundaries are respectively b, c, d, three kinds of measured particle size range are respectively: A ~ b, b ~ c, c ~ d, A > b > c > d.A grade to refer in filter process being first the mesh screen of A by aperture, is the filter membrane of B, C, D or the filter membrane of b, c, d then by aperture.
2. instrument and material:
Sampler bag, and different pore size miillpore filter (hydrophilic film, aperture is B, C, D; Hydrophobic film, PTFE material, aperture is b, c, d), balance, baking oven, destatic rod, mesh screen (aperture is A), filter membrane Storage Box, conical flask, filtrator, suction filter pump, ultrasonic cleaner, deionized water, organic solvent (as: methenyl choloride).
Leaf surface particle can wash with water and obtain, so can filtering solution with hydrophilic film; In wax coat, particle is dissolved by organic solvent (as methenyl choloride) and obtains, and methenyl choloride is water insoluble, therefore uses hydrophobicity organic film to filter.
3. measuring process:
(1) sample
Choose the blade treating measuring plants, sampling amount: blade total surface area is about 200 ~ 300cm
2, load in sampler bag, numbering, envelope.One packed several leaves are all right, ensure that blade total surface area is at 200 ~ 300cm
2scope is just passable.Sampling method is as shown in Fig. 1-1,1-2, and according to experiment demand from plant upper, middle and lower-ranking, the sampling of East, West, South, North four direction as well.
Owing to experiment will be finished in the general week after sampling, so without the need to vacuum seal, ensure do not have other extraneous dusts to enter sample with valve bag just passable.
(2) Sample storage
Owing to experiment will be finished in the general week after sampling, so without the need to vacuum seal, ensure do not have other extraneous dusts to enter sample with valve bag just passable.But sampler bag should be put into refrigerator and preserve (being generally about 4 DEG C), the holding time is no more than a week, in order to avoid blade rots.Choosing the reason that this temperature preserves in refrigerator is: leaf can carry out transpiration, has steam in valve bag, easily makes leaf rot, puts into refrigerator more longer than the room temperature preservation time.
(3) prepare before experiment
Required for experiment different pore size miillpore filter is put in the baking oven of 60 DEG C and dries half an hour, then put into balance room and balance 24 hours, guarantee the temperature of filter membrane and balance room, humidity reaches consistent.Weighed by being placed on balance after destaticing rod by the filter membrane of equilibrated (humiture reaches consistent), initial weight is designated as: aperture is the filter membrane of B is W1; Aperture is the filter membrane of C is W2; Aperture is the filter membrane of D is W3; Aperture is the filter membrane of b is w1; Aperture is the filter membrane of c is w2; Aperture is the filter membrane of d is w3.Electrostatic rod is for eliminating filter membrane surface electrostatic.Prevent the particle in air to be adsorbed onto on filter membrane under electrostatic interaction, cause weighing data inaccurate.
(4) measurement of adsorption particle thing amount on leaf surface
1. plant sample to be measured is put into respectively numbered No. 1 conical flask, pour 100ml deionized water into, guarantee that blade floods by deionized water.Conical flask is put into ultrasonic cleaner cleaning at least 3 minutes, as shown in Figure 2, put into water in ultrasonic cleaner, ultrasonic cleaner shakes, shaking water conical flask, guarantees that the particle of leaf surface is rinsed in deionized water.Because leaf surface particle is water-soluble, use deionized water rinsing.
2. from ultrasonic cleaner, take out No. 1 conical flask, take out blade, put into No. 2 conical flasks, then pour 100ml deionized water into, guarantee that blade floods by deionized water.Conical flask is put into ultrasonic cleaner, and ultrasonic oscillation cleaning at least 3 minutes, guarantees that the particle of leaf surface is rinsed in deionized water.
3. from ultrasonic cleaner, take out No. 2 conical flasks, take out blade, put into No. 3 conical flasks, pour 100ml deionized water into, guarantee that blade floods by deionized water.Conical flask is put into ultrasonic cleaner, Ultrasonic Cleaning at least 3 minutes, guarantee that the particle of leaf surface is rinsed in deionized water.
4. the solution in 2, No. 3 conical flasks is all poured in No. 1 conical flask, leaf surface Deposited particulate matter is all stored in No. 1 conical flask deionized water.Through verification experimental verification, 3 cleanings just basic all flushing by particle have suffered to deionized water, if wash number is too much, it is too much that solution remains in chamber wall, easily causes error.
5. prepare a set of Suction filtration device, this device comprises mesh screen 1, filtrator 2, filter membrane 3, the suction filter pump 4 that aperture is A, as shown in Figure 3.Mesh screen is placed in the porch, upper end of filtrator 2, and filter membrane 3 is placed in the middle part of filtrator, replaceable, the hydrophilic filter membrane of filter membrane successively puts into order to be aperture be B, C, D, and first time first puts into the filter membrane that aperture is B, changes C, D filter membrane successively later; The conical flask of filtrator 2 lower end connects suction filter pump 4, extracts the air in conical flask, promote that top solution liquid enters in the large conical flask of filtrator lower end.
6. the solution containing particle in No. 1 conical flask is fallen down above mesh screen, solution is the mesh screen of A by aperture, filtering out particle and impurity that particle diameter is greater than A, is the filter membrane of B further by B aperture, and now film surface obtains the particle that particle size range is A ~ B.
7. then by aperture be B filter membrane take out be put in filter membrane Storage Box, be that the filter membrane of C is put into by aperture, again being fallen down from filter inlet by the solution in the conical flask of filtrator lower end, is the filter membrane of C by aperture, obtains the particle that particle size range is B ~ C.
8. then by aperture be C filter membrane take out be put in filter membrane Storage Box, be that the filter membrane of D is put into by aperture, again being fallen down from filter inlet by the solution in the conical flask of filtrator lower end, is the filter membrane of D by aperture, obtains the particle that particle size range is C ~ D.
9. last by aperture be D filter membrane take out be put in filter membrane Storage Box.
Suction filter pump is opened from the 6. step.
For reducing the surface tension of hydrophilic film, before suction filtration, an isopropyl alcohol can be dripped to hydrophilic filter membrane surface, be convenient to suction filtration.
(5) measurement of settling particulate matter amount in wax coat
Numbered No. 4 conical flasks are put into respectively with the plant leaf blade after deionized water concussion washing by previous step, pour organic solvent (as: methylene chloride, methenyl choloride, methyl alcohol etc. into, organic solvent effectively can extract the material in wax, conventional methenyl choloride), guarantee that blade floods by organic solvent.Conical flask is put into ultrasonic cleaner, and shake about 40 seconds, it is in the majority that verification experimental verification gets 30 ~ 60 seconds scopes, guarantees that the particle in blade wax coat is rinsed in organic solvent.Because the wax composition in wax coat can not be water-soluble, but can be dissolved in organic solvent, so with an organic solvent.
Other filtration steps are with above-mentioned leaf surface particle filtration step, and difference is, for the filtration hydrophobic film of the machine solvent containing wax coat particle, and hydrophobic film surface is without the need to dripping isopropyl alcohol, obtaining particle size range is Deposited particulate matter in the wax coat of A ~ b, b ~ c, c ~ d.
(6) weigh after experiment
The baking oven that filter membrane (hydrophilic film and hydrophobic film) after filtering all puts into 60 DEG C is dried half an hour, then puts into balance room and balance 24 hours, guarantee the temperature of filter membrane and balance room, humidity reaches consistent.Equilibrated filter membrane is placed on balance and weighs, be designated as end heavy, be designated as respectively: aperture is the filter membrane of B is W1 '; Aperture is the filter membrane of C is W2 '; Aperture is the filter membrane of D is W3 '; Aperture is the filter membrane of b is w1 '; Aperture is the filter membrane of c is w2 '; Aperture is the filter membrane of d: w3 '.
(7) weight of each grade particle is calculated, if S is leaf area:
1. plant leaf blade unit leaf area total adsorption particle thing amount:
Q＝[(W1’+W2’+W3’+w1’+w2’+w3’)-(W1+W2+W3+w1+w2+w3)]÷S
2. leaf surface unit leaf area absorption particle size range is the particle amount of A ~ B: Q
a-B=(W1 '-W1) ÷ S
3. leaf surface unit leaf area absorption particle size range is the particle amount of B ~ C: Q
b-C=(W2 '-W2) ÷ S
4. leaf surface unit leaf area absorption particle size range is the particle amount of C ~ D: Q
c-D=(W3 '-W3) ÷ S
5. in blade wax coat, unit leaf area absorption particle size range is the particle amount of A ~ b: Q
a-b=(w1 '-w1) ÷ S
6. in blade wax coat, unit leaf area absorption particle size range is the particle amount of b ~ c: Q
b-c=(w2 '-w2) ÷ S
7. in blade wax coat, unit leaf area absorption particle size range is the particle amount of c ~ d: Q
c-d=(w3 '-w3) ÷ S
The above, be only the present invention's preferably a kind of embodiment, for particle diameter grade, can be distinguished by the filter membrane of design different pore size.Protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses, the change that can expect easily or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.As can be seen here, adopt method of the present invention, not only can use up the large particle obtained possibly on leaf surface, the particle of wax coat also can also be obtained, thus the attached amount ability of certain Plants can be weighed.Importantly, can also will no matter be that leaf surface or the particle of wax coat can graduately obtain, thus such plant adsorption particle thing type can be distinguished further, for science Environment control proposes guiding suggestion.
Claims (9)
1. measure plant leaf blade to particle adsorbance and the method for adsorbing particle diameter grade for one kind, it is characterized in that: comprise and blade to be measured is soaked the step of carrying out Ultrasonic Cleaning in a liquid and the step of filtering the solution after cleaning, the filter membrane of different pore size grade is used to filter solution successively in filtration, filter membrane before and after filtering is weighed comparison, is calculated weight and the grade of blade institute adsorption particle thing with this.
2. measurement plant leaf blade according to claim 1 is to particle adsorbance and the method for adsorbing particle diameter grade, and it is characterized in that, concrete operation step is:
1) a set of ultrasonic cleaner and a set of Suction filtration device is prepared;
2) choose the blade treating measuring plants, load in sampler bag, numbering envelope;
3) in grain-size of atmospheric particulate substance category, divide the particle size grade of blade absorption in advance, in each grade, critical grain size size filter membrane and lower critical grain size filter membrane are set, wherein, hydrophilic filter membrane is used for leaf surface, hydrophobic membrane filtration is used for wax coat;
4), after all filter membranes being dried, put into balance room's balance, destaticing, be placed on balance and weigh, remember initial weight respectively;
5) blade to be measured is put into conical flask, pour deionized water into, guarantee that blade floods by deionized water, then conical flask is put in ultrasonic cleaner and shake, take out blade after concussion and obtain solution;
6) obtained solution is filtered through described Suction filtration device, a mesh screen is placed in the porch of filtrator, its aperture is greater than all filter sizes, and successively press aperture order from big to small at the filtration mouth place of filtrator, place all hydrophilic filter membranes successively, make the filtration of filter membrane from big to small through aperture successively of obtained solution;
7) another conical flask is put into again with the blade after deionized water concussion washing by upper step, organic solvent is poured in bottle, guarantee that blade floods by organic solvent, then conical flask is put in ultrasonic cleaner and shake, take out blade after concussion and obtain solution;
8) adopt and use the same method, obtained solution is filtered through described Suction filtration device, a mesh screen is placed in the porch of filtrator, its aperture is greater than all filter sizes, and successively press aperture order from big to small at the filtration mouth place of filtrator, place all hydrophobic membrane filtration successively, make the filtration of filter membrane from big to small through aperture successively of obtained solution;
9) above-mentioned all filter membranes are put in filter membrane Storage Box after filtration immediately;
10) taken out by all filter membranes after filtering, dry, then put into balance room's balance, be placed on balance by equilibrated filter membrane and weigh, note end is heavy respectively;
11) weight difference before and after each membrane filtration is calculated, with described weight difference divided by the blade total area, the weight of particle under the corresponding grade that Ji get unit blade area leaf surface, wax coat adsorb.
3. measurement plant leaf blade according to claim 1 is to particle adsorbance and the method for adsorbing particle diameter grade, it is characterized in that: the method choosing plant leaf blade to be measured is: three At The Heights from plant upper, middle and lower respectively, East, West, South, North four direction samples.
4. measurement plant leaf blade according to claim 2 is to particle adsorbance and the method for adsorbing particle diameter grade, it is characterized in that: if can not test immediately after sampling, then sampler bag is put into 4 DEG C of refrigerators and preserve, the holding time is no more than a week.
5. measurement plant leaf blade according to claim 2 is to particle adsorbance and the method for adsorbing particle diameter grade, it is characterized in that: the oven dry of filter membrane is dried in the baking oven being put in 60 DEG C, then put into balance room and balance 24 hours, guarantee the temperature of filter membrane and balance room, humidity reaches consistent.
6. measurement plant leaf blade according to claim 2 is to particle adsorbance and the method for adsorbing particle diameter grade, it is characterized in that: described hydrophilic filter membrane, before suction filtration, drip isopropyl alcohol.
7. measurement plant leaf blade according to claim 2 is to the method for particle adsorbance and absorption particle diameter grade, it is characterized in that: while carrying out filtering, and opens to filter pump and carry out suction filtration.
8. measurement plant leaf blade according to claim 2 is to particle adsorbance and the method for adsorbing particle diameter grade, it is characterized in that: in step 5) and step 7) in, the concrete grammar jointly taked is:
1. first testing sample is put into No. 1 conical flask, pour deionized water into, guarantee that blade floods by deionized water, then this conical flask is put in ultrasonic cleaner and shake;
2. from ultrasonic cleaner, take out No. 1 conical flask, therefrom take out blade, put into No. 2 conical flasks, then pour deionized water in No. 2 conical flasks, guarantee that blade floods by deionized water, then this conical flask is put into ultrasonic cleaner concussion;
3. from ultrasonic cleaner, take out No. 2 conical flasks, therefrom take out blade, put into No. 3 conical flasks, then pour deionized water in No. 2 conical flasks, guarantee that blade floods by deionized water, then this conical flask is put into ultrasonic cleaner concussion;
4. the solution in 2, No. 3 conical flasks is focused in No. 1 conical flask.
9. measurement plant leaf blade according to claim 2 is to particle adsorbance and the method for adsorbing particle diameter grade, it is characterized in that: in step 6) and step 8) in, the concrete grammar jointly taked is:
1. fallen down above mesh screen by the solution containing particle in conical flask, solution first by mesh screen, filters out the large particle of particle diameter and impurity, then further by the filter membrane that aperture is maximum, collects the solution after filtration;
2. take off the filter membrane that aperture is maximum, put into filter membrane Storage Box, change the filter membrane taken second place in aperture, 1. walk above filter membrane that the filtering solution collected takes second place from aperture again, the filter membrane that solution is taken second place by aperture, then collects the solution after filtration;
3. so circulation is gone down, till all being used by all filter membranes being suitable for described filtering solution.
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| CN105092293A (en) * | 2015-08-12 | 2015-11-25 | 北京林业大学 | Plant trunk surface particulate matter sampling device and particulate matter adsorption quantity measuring method |
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