CN108051336B - Method for monitoring quality of particles in dew intercepted by plant leaves in urban green areas - Google Patents

Method for monitoring quality of particles in dew intercepted by plant leaves in urban green areas Download PDF

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CN108051336B
CN108051336B CN201711425951.3A CN201711425951A CN108051336B CN 108051336 B CN108051336 B CN 108051336B CN 201711425951 A CN201711425951 A CN 201711425951A CN 108051336 B CN108051336 B CN 108051336B
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leaves
dew
plant
deionized water
particles
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徐莹莹
董莉莉
金明兰
林英姿
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Jilin Jianzhu University
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    • G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
    • G01N5/04—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for monitoring and calculating the amount of particulate matters in dew intercepted by plant leaves in urban green areas, which comprises the following steps: counting the total amount of the whole plant leaves; collecting typical plant leaves with different underlying surfaces; after the surfaces of all groups of blades are cleaned, all types of blades are divided into two groups and are respectively fixed on a polystyrene foam board, and the fluff surfaces face upwards; when dew condensation begins, the polystyrene board is placed at a monitoring point, and the polystyrene board is kept parallel to the ground surface and is positioned at the height of a plant canopy; sealing one of the foam plates to be brought back to a laboratory at a time node when dew condensation is converted into evaporation, washing the surface of the blade by using deionized water in a shaking way, recording the amount of the deionized water, and testing the concentration of particulate matters in the leaching water; after the dew is completely evaporated, the rest foam plates are taken back to the laboratory in a sealing way, and the operation is repeated. The method can monitor and calculate the amount of particles with different particle sizes intercepted by the plant leaves in the green area of the urban ecological system in condensation-evaporation period of dew.

Description

Method for monitoring quality of particles in dew intercepted by plant leaves in urban green areas
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of particulate matter monitoring, in particular to a method capable of effectively monitoring and calculating the mass of dew-trapped particulate matter of surface plant leaves in urban green areas.
Background
Dew condensation is a commonly-occurring meteorological phenomenon, fine aerosol in the atmosphere is used as a condensation nucleus in the formation process of the dew condensation, the dew condensation plays an important role in air purification, and the natural process of settling and removing particles near the surface is adopted. The green area in the urban ecosystem is an important place for dew condensation, and the dew amount can reach 60mm every year, which is equivalent to the level of a large rain. The concentration of the particles in the dew is obviously higher than that of other wet sedimentation forms such as rainwater, the concentration of the particles dissolved in the dew is 271.36mg/L, and the amount of the settled particles is considerable. But dew condenses at night, evaporates after sunrise, and part of particles which have settled to the blades return to the near-surface along with wind, such as part of PM2.5Returning to the earth surface, the air pollution near the earth surface can be increased, the air quality of the human activity range is seriously influenced, and the human health is threatened. Therefore, it is very important to accurately measure the retention of the urban green vegetation in the dew after sunrise.
At present, the aspects of monitoring and calculating the dust interception amount of plants are mature at home and abroad, but research on methods for monitoring and calculating the interception amount of particles condensed and evaporated in dew by the plants is rare.
At present, the method for intercepting the particulate matters by the urban plants applies a leaf difference method, and the method has the following defects:
1. the prior art scheme is that the dry settlement of particles intercepted by plant leaves is calculated, namely the dry settlement falls to the parts of the leaves along with the self gravity of the particles. There is no measure of the portion that condenses with water vapor to the blade at night as a condensation nucleus. There is currently no method to monitor or calculate the fraction of dew condensation particles that are trapped by the blades.
2. The existing method samples the difference subtraction method, namely, the blade dust-retention amount is calculated through the weight change of the blade for a period of time. The method is that the alcohol cotton balls wetted by distilled water are used for thoroughly washing and wiping the surface of the blade to remove the dust on the blade, but the cleaning is not thorough, and if some fine particles are on the fluff or in the folds of the blade, the thorough wiping cannot be guaranteed. The calculation results of the existing methods are inaccurate.
3. The existing methods can only calculate the total particulate matter (TSP), which can be classified into respirable Particulate Matter (PM) by particle size10) And pulmonary Particulate Matter (PM)2.5) And total suspended particulate matter (TSP), but the PM which is an important monitoring index for haze weather and human health cannot be measured2.5And PM10And the like.
Therefore, it is imperative to provide a method capable of systematically and comprehensively retaining the particulate matters with different particle sizes in the condensation-evaporation cycle of dew on plant leaves in urban green areas.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for monitoring the quality of particles in dew intercepted by plant leaves in urban green areas.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for monitoring the quality of particles in dew intercepted by plant leaves in urban green areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: counting the total amount of the whole plant leaves:
carrying out branch grade layering on a tested plant by using a standard branch layering method until standard small branches with easily counted leaves are obtained, randomly sampling and counting the number of the branches of each layer, respectively selecting standard small branches with the length of 30cm from east, south, west and north directions on a final-stage branch, counting the number of the leaves, and calculating the total number N (pieces) of the leaves of the whole plant;
step 2: collecting n plant leaves which can fully receive dust at random and multiple points in the east, the south and the north of the tree crown periphery and at the upper, the middle and the lower parts of the middle branches, wherein the number of the leaves is 30-50. After the leaf sample is sealed, the leaf sample is prevented from being shaken and is immediately brought back to a laboratory;
and step 3: ultrasonic cleaning is carried out on the surfaces of all groups of blades for 30 minutes by using deionized water, and dust which is stagnated by the blades is removed, so that the blades reach the initial zero dust accumulation amount;
after cleaning, dividing the various leaves into two groups, and respectively and uniformly fixing the two groups on a polystyrene foam board, wherein the fluff surface faces upwards;
and 4, step 4: when dew condensation begins, placing the leaves obtained in the step 3 at a monitoring point, and keeping the polystyrene board parallel to the ground surface and at the height of a plant canopy;
sealing one of the foam plates to be brought back to the laboratory at the time node when dew condensation is converted into evaporation, washing the surface of the blade by using deionized water oscillation, and recording the amount V of the deionized waterc(L) and testing the washed water for particulate matter TSP, PM2.5，PM10Concentration (C) ofjc，mg/L)；
And 5: after dew is completely evaporated, the residual foam board is sealed and taken back to the laboratory, the surface of the blade is cleaned by using deionized water in a vibration way, and the amount V of the deionized water is recordedc(L) and testing the washed water for particulate matter TSP, PM2.5，PM10Concentration (C) ofjc，mg/L)；
Step 6: calculating the mass of particles with different particle diameters after the settlement and evaporation of the individual plant by the following formula:
Figure GSB0000184295490000031
Figure GSB0000184295490000032
wherein j is the particulate matter type (e.g., PM)2.5/PM10/TSP)；FjThe amount of the settled particulate matter (mg/plant) in the dew condensation period of the individual plants; cjcWhen dew condensation is transferred to evaporation node, the mass concentration (mg/L) of particles in deionized water of the blade is vibrated and cleaned; vcThe volume (L) of deionized water used for vibration cleaning when dew condensation is transferred to an evaporation node; 2 is the conversion coefficient; pjThe mass of the settled particles (mg/plant) after the dew of the single plant is evaporated; cjeThe mass concentration (mg/L) of the particles in deionized water for cleaning the leaves after dew is evaporated; veVolume (L) of deionized water used for washing after evaporation of dew; n is the number of leaves (one) of the collected single plant; n is the total number of leaves (pieces) of the single plant.
The method can monitor and calculate the particles with different particle sizes intercepted by the leaves after condensation and evaporation of dew at night by different plant species in the nightly green area of the urban ecological system, has simple operation steps, and is clear and easy to popularize; the defect that the prior art is not thorough due to manual wiping can be overcome, and the accuracy is high.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for monitoring the quality of particles in dew intercepted by plant leaves in urban green areas, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: counting the total amount of the whole plant leaves:
carrying out branch grade layering on a tested plant by using a standard branch layering method until standard small branches with easily counted leaves (the number of leaves on the standard small branches ranges from 15 to 80), randomly sampling and counting the number of the branches on each layer, respectively selecting standard small branches with the length of 30cm from east, south, west and north directions on a final-stage branch, counting the number of leaves, and calculating the total quantity N (leaves) of the whole plant;
step 2: collecting typical plant leaves of different underlying surfaces:
collecting n plant leaves which can fully receive dust at random and multiple points in the east, the south and the north of the tree crown periphery and at the upper, the middle and the lower parts of the middle branches, wherein the number of the leaves is 30-50. After the leaf sample is sealed, the leaf sample is prevented from being shaken and is immediately brought back to a laboratory;
and step 3: ultrasonic cleaning is carried out on the surfaces of all groups of blades for 30 minutes by using deionized water, and dust which is stagnated by the blades is removed, so that the blades reach the initial zero dust accumulation amount;
after cleaning, dividing the various leaves into two groups, and respectively and uniformly fixing the two groups on a polystyrene foam board, wherein the fluff surface faces upwards;
and 4, step 4: when dew condensation begins, placing the leaves obtained in the step 3 at a monitoring point, and keeping the polystyrene board parallel to the ground surface and at the height of a plant canopy;
sealing one of the foam plates to be brought back to the laboratory at the time node when dew condensation is converted into evaporation, washing the surface of the blade by using deionized water oscillation, and recording the amount V of the deionized waterc(L) and testing the washed water for particulate matter TSP, PM2.5，PM10Concentration (C) ofjc，mg/L)；
And 5: after dew is completely evaporated, the residual foam board is sealed and taken back to the laboratory, the surface of the blade is cleaned by using deionized water in a vibration way, and the amount V of the deionized water is recordedc(L) and testing the washed water for particulate matter TSP, PM2.5，PM10Concentration (C) ofjc，mg/L)；
Step 6: calculating the mass of particles with different particle diameters after the settlement and evaporation of the individual plant by the following formula:
Figure GSB0000184295490000051
Figure GSB0000184295490000052
wherein j is the particulate matter type (e.g., PM)2.5/PM10/TSP)；FjThe amount of the settled particulate matter (mg/plant) in the dew condensation period of the individual plants; cjcWhen dew condensation is transferred to evaporation node, the mass concentration (mg/L) of particles in deionized water of the blade is vibrated and cleaned; vcThe volume (L) of deionized water used for vibration cleaning when dew condensation is transferred to an evaporation node; 2 is the conversion coefficient; pjThe mass of the settled particles (mg/plant) after the dew of the single plant is evaporated; cjeThe mass concentration (mg/L) of the particles in deionized water for cleaning the leaves after dew is evaporated; veVolume (L) of deionized water used for washing after evaporation of dew; n is the number of leaves (one) of the collected single plant; n is the total number of leaves (pieces) of the single plant.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A method for monitoring the quality of particles in dew intercepted by plant leaves in urban green areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: counting the total amount of the whole plant leaves:
carrying out branch grade layering on a tested plant by using a standard branch layering method until standard small branches with easily counted leaves are obtained, randomly sampling and counting the number of the branches of each layer, respectively selecting standard small branches with the length of 30cm from east, south, west and north directions on a final-stage branch, counting the number of the leaves, and calculating the total number N of the leaves of the whole plant, wherein the unit of N is one;
step 2: collecting n plant leaves capable of fully receiving dust at random multiple points in the upper, middle and lower parts of branches in the east-west-south-4 directions and in the middle part of the periphery of a crown, sealing leaf samples, and immediately bringing the leaf samples back to a laboratory to avoid vibration;
and step 3: ultrasonic cleaning is carried out on the surfaces of all groups of blades for 30 minutes by using deionized water, and dust which is stagnated by the blades is removed, so that the blades reach the initial zero dust accumulation amount;
after cleaning, dividing the various leaves into two groups, and respectively and uniformly fixing the two groups on a polystyrene foam board, wherein the fluff surface faces upwards;
and 4, step 4: when dew condensation begins, placing the leaves obtained in the step 3 at a monitoring point, and keeping the polystyrene foam board parallel to the ground surface and at the height of a plant canopy;
sealing one of the foam plates to be brought back to the laboratory at the time node when dew condensation is converted into evaporation, washing the surface of the blade by using deionized water oscillation, and recording the amount V of the deionized waterc，VcIs given by L, and the particulate matter TSP, PM in the rinsing water is tested2.5，PM10Concentration C ofjc，CjcThe unit of (a) is mg/L;
and 5: after dew is completely evaporated, the residual foam board is sealed and taken back to the laboratory, the surface of the blade is cleaned by using deionized water in a vibration way, and the amount V of the deionized water is recordedc，VcIs given by L, and the particulate matter TSP, PM in the rinsing water is tested2.5，PM10Concentration C ofjc，CjcThe unit of (a) is mg/L;
step 6: calculating the mass of particles with different particle diameters after the settlement and evaporation of the individual plant by the following formula:
Figure FSB0000184295480000022
wherein j is a particulate type; fjThe amount of particulate matter settled during dew condensation of individual plants, FjThe unit of (1) is mg/plant; cjcThe mass concentration of particles in deionized water of the blade is vibrated and cleaned when dew condensation is converted into evaporation nodes, CjcThe unit of (a) is mg/L; vcVolume of deionized water V used for vibration cleaning when dew condensation is transferred to evaporation nodecThe unit of (a) is L; 2 is the conversion coefficient; pjThe mass of the particles settled after the dew of the single plant is evaporated, PjThe unit of (1) is mg/plant; cjeFor washing the leaves after evaporation of dew the mass concentration of particles in the deionized water, CjeThe unit of (a) is mg/L; veVolume of deionized water used for cleaning after evaporation of dew, VeThe unit of (a) is L; n is the number of leaves of a single plant, and the unit of n is one plant; n is the total number of leaves of a single plant, and the unit of N is a piece.
2. The method for monitoring the amount of particulate matter in the dew trapped by the leaves of plants in urban green areas according to claim 1, wherein the number of the leaves collected in step 2 is 30-50.
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