CN104523941B - 一种治疗热带地区易发皮肤病的外用凝胶剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗热带地区易发皮肤病的外用凝胶剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗热带地区易发皮肤病的外用凝胶剂及其制备方法,由活性药物成分和凝胶基质组成,其活性药物成分由以下重量份数的中药制成:黄柏65‑95份、蛇床子90‑110份、苦参145‑175份、地肤子65‑95份、椿根皮65‑95份、广藿香45‑70份、大叶桉100‑130份。本发明采用黄柏、蛇床子、苦参、地肤子、椿根皮、广藿香、大叶桉七味中药作为主要药效物质基础,结合凝胶基质得到的凝胶剂,主要用于针对热带地区易发皮肤病如阴囊炎、皮炎等,药理研究表明,本发明制备的凝胶剂具有优良的抑菌、抗炎、止痒、祛疹作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗热带地区易发皮肤病的药物及其制备方法,属于中药领域。
背景技术
我国把长江以南的东南沿海省域如浙江、福建、广东、海南、台湾以及江苏南部、云南南部和西南部海拔在1500米以下的谷地划为热带地区,属湿热气候,其主要特点为①气温高、热期长、日辐射强;②雨水多、湿度大;③雷暴多、台风频袭。在热带地区皮肤病是高发病种之一。在湿热环境下作来,由于大量出汗,皮肤持续受汗液浸渍,易发生皮肤病,如疖种、癣、痱子、阴囊皮炎和湿疹等。
现行皮肤病的通用疗法是:明确诊断后,选择相应的抗菌止痒药物(如扑尔敏、肤轻松、强的松),或加抗真菌(如克霉唑、酮康唑)、抗感染(如四环素、青霉素)等药物治疗。这样做的主要存在问题有:①诊断难于明确,难于做到准确选择药物;②药物功能单一,应用范围狭窄。如抗真菌药物不具抗细菌作用。抗细菌药物没有抗真菌作用;③药物副作用明显。如内服止痒药常有明显的嗜睡作用,长期应用激素可致皮肤抵抗力下降;④)耐药性逐渐提高,疗效不著。由于激素、抗菌素制剂的广泛应用,其实际应有的药效体现不出来,往往造成束手无策的局面。
中医药外用疗法治疗皮肤病源远流长,疗效可靠,在数千年的发展中,积累了大量的名方名药。临床表明中药具有许多西药不可比拟的优势,如适应症广、副作用少、耐药性低、综合药效突出。例如中国发明专利“一种用于皮肤病的中药组合物”(CN1977916A),公开了一种用于皮肤病的中药组合物,其特征在于:按服重量配比,它由苦参40-160份,蛇床子15-60份,五倍子5-20份,白鲜皮(椿根皮)10-40份,黄柏10-40份为基本方或配以其他中药生成衍生方制作而成,该组合物用于外阴瘙痒,银屑病,神经性皮炎,过敏性皮肤瘙痒及不明原因的皮肤瘙痒,足癣,脚气等皮肤病的中药组合物。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种治疗热带地区易发皮肤病的外用凝胶剂,具有优良的抑菌、抗炎、止痒、祛疹作用。
本发明的另一目的是提供该凝胶剂的制备方法。
本发明的目的是这样实现的:一种治疗热带地区易发皮肤病的外用凝胶剂,由活性药物成分和凝胶基质组成,其特征在于:所述的活性药物成分由以下重量份数的中药制成:黄柏65-95份、蛇床子90-110份、苦参145-175份、地肤子65-95份、椿根皮65-95份、广藿香45-70份、大叶桉100-130份。
所述的活性药物成分由以下重量份数的中药制成:黄柏78.2份、蛇床子104.5份、苦参157.3份地肤子78.2份、椿根皮78.2份、广藿香55.5份、大叶桉111.8份。
所述的凝胶基质成分由以下重量份数的组分组成:卡波姆-94010-30份、羟丙基甲基纤维素钠10-30份、丙二醇130-170份、甘油180-220份、无水硫酸钠1-3份、氢氧化钠1-3份、尼泊金乙酯0.5-2份、蒸馏水适量。
所述治疗热带地区易发皮肤病的外用凝胶剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述活性药物成分的制备步骤包括:(1)取苦参、地肤子、椿根皮加8-15倍量水,浸泡15-45min,提取1-3次,每次1.5-3.0小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩到相对密度为1∶0.8-1.2的水提液,备用;(2)取黄柏、蛇床子加6-10倍量60-90%乙醇,提取1-3次,每次提取1-3h,回收乙醇,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩到相对密度为1∶0.8-1.2的醇提液,备用;(3)取广藿香、大叶桉加10-15倍量水,浸泡0.5-2h,提取4-6小时,得挥发油;将上述水提液、醇提液、挥发油,混匀得合并药液备用。
所述凝胶基质的制备步骤为:取羟丙基甲基纤维素钠、卡波姆-940、甘油、丙二醇,加水适量,搅匀,浸泡3-6小时,使充分溶胀,得凝胶基质。
制得凝胶基质后,在活性药物成分药液中加入无水硫酸钠、氢氧化钠,再将该药液加入所制备的凝胶基质中,加水至全量,搅拌均匀,即得外用凝胶剂。
本发明采用黄柏、蛇床子、苦参、地肤子、椿根皮、广藿香、大叶桉七味中药作为主要药效物质基础,结合凝胶基质得到的凝胶剂,主要用于针对热带地区易发皮肤病如阴囊炎、皮炎等,药理研究表明,本发明制备的凝胶剂具有优良的抑菌、抗炎、止痒、祛疹作用。
附图说明
图1是本发明实验例1中凝胶对5种细菌的药敏实验,其中,A为金黄色葡萄球菌、B为表皮葡萄球菌、C为绿脓杆菌培养24h、D为绿脓杆菌培养24h、E为大肠杆菌、F为变形杆菌;
图2是本发明实验例2中各组豚鼠经二硝基氯苯-丙酮溶液反复激发后耳部免疫组织化学切片(×200),其中:A正常组、B模型组、C本发明凝胶低剂量组、D本发明凝胶中剂量组、E本发明凝胶高剂量组、F皮炎平组;
图3是本发明实验例2中各组小鼠经二硝基氯苯-丙酮溶液反复激发后耳部免疫组织化学切片(×200),其中:A正常组、B模型组、C本发明凝胶低剂量组、D本发明凝胶中剂量组、E本发明凝胶高剂量组、F皮炎平组。
具体实施方式
本发明是一种治疗热带地区易发皮肤病的外用凝胶剂,由活性药物成分和凝胶基质组成,其中活性药物成分由以下重量份数的中药制成:黄柏65-95份、蛇床子90-110份、苦参145-175份、地肤子65-95份、椿根皮65-95份、广藿香45-70份、大叶桉100-130份。最优选的,活性药物成分由以下重量份数的中药制成:黄柏78.2份、蛇床子104.5份、苦参157.3份地肤子78.2份、椿根皮78.2份、广藿香55.5份、大叶桉111.8份。
本发明中,苦参为豆科植物苦参Sophora flavescens Ait.的干燥根。地肤子为藜科植物地肤Kochia scoparia(L.)Schrad.的干燥成熟果实。椿根皮为苦木科植物臭椿Ailanthusaltissima(Mill.)Swingle的干燥根皮或干皮。黄柏为芸香科植物黄皮树(Phellodendron chinense Schneid.)或黄檗(Phellodendron amurense Rupr.)的干燥树皮。蛇床子为伞形科植物蛇床Cnidium monnieri(L)cuss.的干燥成熟果实。广藿香为唇形科植物广藿香Pogostemon cablin(Blanco)Benth.的干燥地上部分。大叶桉为桃金娘科植物大叶桉Eucalyptus robusta Simth的干燥叶。
所述的凝胶基质成分由以下重量份数的组分组成:卡波姆-94010-30份、羟丙基甲基纤维素钠10-30份、丙二醇130-170份、甘油180-220份、无水硫酸钠1-3份、氢氧化钠1-3份、尼泊金乙酯0.5-2份、蒸馏水适量。
上述活性药物成分的制备步骤包括:(1)取苦参、地肤子、椿根皮加8-15倍量水,浸泡15-45min,提取1-3次,每次1.5-3.0小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩到相对密度为1∶0.8-1.2的水提液,备用;(2)取黄柏、蛇床子加6-10倍量60-90%乙醇,提取1-3次,每次提取1-3h,回收乙醇,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩到相对密度为1∶0.8-1.2的醇提液,备用;(3)取广藿香、大叶桉加10-15倍量水,浸泡0.5-2h,提取4-6小时,得挥发油;将上述水提液、醇提液、挥发油,混匀得合并药液备用。
所述凝胶基质的制备步骤为:取羟丙基甲基纤维素钠、卡波姆-940、甘油、丙二醇,加水适量,搅匀,浸泡3-6小时,使充分溶胀,得凝胶基质。
在活性药物成分药液中加入无水硫酸钠、氢氧化钠后,再将药液加入所制备的凝胶基质中,加水至全量,搅拌均匀,即得本发明的外用凝胶剂。
如下实施例旨在进一步说明本发明具体实施方案,并不限定本发明保护范围。下列方案中,优选实施例1。
实施例1
处方:黄柏78.2份、蛇床子104.5份、苦参157.3份地肤子78.2份、椿根皮78.2份、广藿香55.5份、大叶桉111.8份、卡波姆-94020份、羟丙基甲基纤维素钠15份、丙二醇150份、甘油200份、无水硫酸钠2份、氢氧化钠2份、尼泊金乙酯1份、蒸馏水适量。
制法:
1)取苦参、地肤子、椿根皮加12倍量水,浸泡30min,提取2次,每次2.0小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩到1∶1,备用;
2)取黄柏、蛇床子加8倍量75%乙醇,提取2次,每次提取1.5h,回收乙醇,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩到1∶1,备用;
3)取广藿香、大叶桉加12倍量水,浸泡1.5h,提取5小时,得挥发油。取上述水提液、醇提液、挥发油,混匀得合并药液备用。
4)取羟丙基甲基纤维素钠、卡波姆-940、甘油、丙二醇,加水适量,搅匀,浸泡4.5小时,使充分溶胀,得凝胶基质。
5)取无水硫酸钠、氢氧化钠加入药液,将药液加入所制备凝胶基质中,加水至全量,搅拌均匀,即得。
实施例2
处方:
黄柏65份、蛇床子90份、苦参145份、地肤子65份、椿根皮65份、广藿香45份、大叶桉100份、卡波姆-94030份、羟丙基甲基纤维素钠30份、丙二醇170份、甘油220份、无水硫酸钠3份、氢氧化钠3份、尼泊金乙酯2份、蒸馏水适量。
制法:
1)取苦参、地肤子、椿根皮加15倍量水,浸泡45min,提取3次,每次1小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩到相对密谋为1∶1.15,备用;
2)取黄柏、蛇床子加110倍量190%乙醇,提取2次,每次提取3h,回收乙醇,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩到1∶1.15,备用;
3)取广藿香、大叶桉加15倍量水,浸泡12h,提取6小时,得挥发油。取上述水提液、醇提液、挥发油,混匀得合并药液备用。
4)取羟丙基甲基纤维素钠、卡波姆-940、甘油、丙二醇,加水适量,搅匀,浸泡6小时,使充分溶胀,得凝胶基质。
5)取无水硫酸钠、氢氧化钠加入药液,将药液加入所制备凝胶基质中,加水至全量,搅拌均匀,即得。
实施例3
处方:
黄柏95份、蛇床子110份、苦参175份、地肤子95份、椿根皮95份、广藿香70份、大叶桉130份、卡波姆-94030份、羟丙基甲基纤维素钠10份、丙二醇130份、甘油180份、无水硫酸钠1份、氢氧化钠1份、尼泊金乙酯0.5份、蒸馏水适量。
制法:
1)取苦参、地肤子、椿根皮加8倍量水,浸泡15min,提取1次,每次3.0小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩到相对密谋为1∶0.8,备用;
2)取黄柏、蛇床子加60倍量60%乙醇,提取3次,每次提取1,回收乙醇,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩到1∶0.8,备用;
3)取广藿香、大叶桉加10倍量水,浸泡0.5h,提取4小时,得挥发油。取上述水提液、醇提液、挥发油,混匀得合并药液备用。
4)取羟丙基甲基纤维素钠、卡波姆-940、甘油、丙二醇,加水适量,搅匀,浸泡3小时,使充分溶胀,得凝胶基质。
5)取无水硫酸钠、氢氧化钠加入药液,将药液加入所制备凝胶基质中,加水至全量,搅拌均匀,即得。
实施例4
处方:
黄柏70份、蛇床子100份、苦参150份、地肤子80份、椿根皮80份、广藿香60份、大叶桉110份、卡波姆-94020份、羟丙基甲基纤维素钠20份、丙二醇140份、甘油180份、无水硫酸钠1.5份、氢氧化钠1.5份、尼泊金乙酯1.2份、蒸馏水适量。
制法:
1)取苦参、地肤子、椿根皮加11倍量水,浸泡30min,提取2次,每次2小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩到相对密谋为1∶1.1,备用;
2)取黄柏、蛇床子加8倍量70%乙醇,提取2次,每次提取2h,回收乙醇,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩到1∶1.0,备用;
3)取广藿香、大叶桉加10-15倍量水,浸泡1h,提取5小时,得挥发油。取上述水提液、醇提液、挥发油,混匀得合并药液备用。
4)取羟丙基甲基纤维素钠、卡波姆-940、甘油、丙二醇,加水适量,搅匀,浸泡4小时,使充分溶胀,得凝胶基质。
5)取无水硫酸钠、氢氧化钠加入药液,将药液加入所制备凝胶基质中,加水至全量,搅拌均匀,即得。
实施例5
处方:
黄柏80份、蛇床子105份、苦参170份、地肤子85份、椿根皮85份、广藿香60份、大叶桉120份、卡波姆-94025份、羟丙基甲基纤维素钠25份、丙二醇150份、甘油210份、无水硫酸钠2.5份、氢氧化钠2.5份、尼泊金乙酯1.5份、蒸馏水适量。
制法:
1)取苦参、地肤子、椿根皮加8-15倍量水,浸泡40min,提取3次,每次1小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩到相对密谋为1∶1.1,备用;
2)取黄柏、蛇床子加9倍量85%乙醇,提取3次,每次提取1h,回收乙醇,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩到1∶0.8,备用;
3)取广藿香、大叶桉加14倍量水,浸泡2h,提取5小时,得挥发油。取上述水提液、醇提液、挥发油,混匀得合并药液备用。
4)取羟丙基甲基纤维素钠、卡波姆-940、甘油、丙二醇,加水适量,搅匀,浸泡5小时,使充分溶胀,得凝胶基质。
5)取无水硫酸钠、氢氧化钠加入药液,将药液加入所制备凝胶基质中,加水至全量,搅拌均匀,即得。
实施例6
处方:
黄柏65份、蛇床子105份、苦参150份、地肤子90份、椿根皮70份、广藿香50份、大叶桉125份、卡波姆-94025份、羟丙基甲基纤维素钠25份、丙二醇130份、甘油190份、无水硫酸钠1份、氢氧化钠1份、尼泊金乙酯0.6份、蒸馏水适量。
制法:
1)取苦参、地肤子、椿根皮加9倍量水,浸泡20min,提取2次,每次1.5小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩到相对密谋为1∶0.9,备用;
2)取黄柏、蛇床子加7倍量70%乙醇,提取2次,每次提取1h,回收乙醇,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩到1∶1.1,备用;
3)取广藿香、大叶桉加12倍量水,浸泡1h,提取4.5小时,得挥发油。取上述水提液、醇提液、挥发油,混匀得合并药液备用。
4)取羟丙基甲基纤维素钠、卡波姆-940、甘油、丙二醇,加水适量,搅匀,浸泡3.5小时,使充分溶胀,得凝胶基质。
5)取无水硫酸钠、氢氧化钠加入药液,将药液加入所制备凝胶基质中,加水至全量,搅拌均匀,即得。
实验例1体外抑菌实验
为检测本发明凝胶的体外抑菌效果,应用琼脂平板扩散法和最低有效抑菌浓度(MIC)检测细菌对本发明凝胶的敏感性;应用纸片扩散法(NCCL SM44-P方案)、改良琼脂稀释法和微量稀释法(NCCL M27-A2方案)检测真菌对本发明凝胶的敏感性,最终得出凝胶的敏感菌谱及其有效药物浓度。
1实验材料
1.1试剂
营养肉汤(杭州天和微生物试剂有限公司,生产批号:120918);M-H琼脂(青岛高科园海博生物技术有限公司,生产批号:HB6232);改良型RPMI 1640培养基(赛默飞世尔生物化学制品有限公司,生产批号:NZB1076);
蛋白胨(青岛高科园海博生物技术有限公司,生产批号:HB8276);麦芽浸膏(青岛高科园海博生物技术有限公司,生产批号:HB8298)葡萄糖(分析纯,广东光华化学厂有限公司,生产批号:20140328);吐温-80(Amressco公司);1%美蓝溶液(LEAGENE公司,生产批号:0429A14);单硬脂酸甘油酯(上海源叶生物技术有限公司,生产批号:YY12848);MOPS粉末;琼脂粉;酵母浸膏;氯霉素;放射菌酮;菜籽油;PH试纸;氟康唑药敏纸片。本发明实施例1所制得的凝胶剂。
1.2实验菌种
革兰阳性菌:金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC 6538)、表皮葡萄球菌(CMCC 26069);
革兰阴性菌:大肠杆菌(ATCC 25922)、绿脓杆菌(ATCC 27853),奇异变形杆菌(CMCC 49005);
真菌:白色念珠菌(ATCC 10231)、糠秕马拉色氏菌(ATCC 44344)。
以上菌种各一株,均为标准菌种,其中糠秕马拉色氏菌购于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心,其余均购于广东环凯微生物技术有限公司。
1.3仪器设备
分析天平(赛多利斯科学仪器有限公司,型号BSA2335);超净工作台(上海力申科学仪器有限公司,型号Hfsafe-1200);恒温培养摇床(上海一恒科技有限公司,型号THZ-300C);恒温生化箱(上海博迅实业有限公司医疗设备厂,型号SPX-150B-Z);高压灭菌锅(ZEALWAY公司,型号G154DWS);分光光度计(Amershan Biosiences公司,型号5418R)。
2.实验方法
2.1制备培养基
细菌:用肉汤培养基,质量分数为牛肉膏0.5%、蛋白胨1%、NaCl 0.5%、琼脂2%(液体培养基不添加),121℃,20min高压灭菌。
糠秕马拉色菌:(1)复苏使用菜籽油培养基,质量分数为蛋白胨1%、葡萄糖4%、酵母浸膏0.01%、单硬脂酸甘油酯0.25%、菜子油4%、吐温-801%。121℃,20min高压灭菌,冷却至50℃时加入放射菌酮0.05%、氯霉素0.005%,混匀。(2)纸片扩散法使用加琼脂2%的菜籽油培养基平板。(3)改良琼脂稀释法使用含有10个倍比稀释的菜籽油培养基平板,药液浓度为100、50、25、12.5、6.25、3.13、1、56、0.78、0.39、0.20mg/ml,121℃,20min高压灭菌。(4)微量稀释法使用麦芽浸膏培养基,质量分数为麦芽浸膏2%、蛋白胨2%、葡萄糖2%、酵母浸膏0.02%、吐温-801%、菜籽油2%,121℃,20min高压灭菌。
白色念珠菌:(1)复苏时使用沙氏培养基(SDA),质量分数为蛋白胨1%、葡萄糖4%,121℃,20min高压灭菌冷后却至50℃加入氯霉素0.02%,混匀。(2)纸片扩散法使用含20g/L葡萄糖和0.5μg/ml美蓝的M-H琼脂,即在1000ml M-H琼脂中加入50μl 1%美蓝溶液和20g葡萄糖。(3)改良琼脂稀释法使用含有10个倍比稀释的美蓝M-H琼脂平板,药液浓度为100、50、25、12.5、6.25、3.13、1、56、0.78、0.39、0.20mg/ml,121℃,20min高压灭菌。(4)微量稀释法使用RPMI 1640培养基(含谷氨酰胺及酚红指示剂,不含碳酸氢钠),以0.165mol/L吗啉丙烷磺酸(MOPS)为缓冲剂,调pH至7.0。
2.2制备本发明凝胶基质 取卡波姆2%,羟丙基甲基纤维素1.5%,丙二醇15%,丙三醇20%,加水适量,搅匀,浸泡4h,使充分溶胀,另取无水硫酸钠0.2%,氢氧化钠2%,尼泊金乙酯0.1%,加水至全量100ml,搅拌均匀,即得,常温保存,备用。
2.3制备本发明凝胶药敏纸片 用6mm单孔打孔器在滤纸上打出空白药敏纸片,高压灭菌干燥后,滴入已用无菌蒸馏水稀释为20mg/ml的凝胶药液100μl,置37℃恒温生化箱4-5h即可干燥,使药片含药200μg/片,置-20℃冰箱保存,备用。
2.4检测本发明凝胶是否滋生细菌 取肉汤琼脂平板2个,新开本发明凝胶2支,13mm×100mm试管2支。各取凝胶适量置于试管内,加适量无菌蒸馏水反复吹打至凝胶溶解成悬液,取悬液100μl均匀涂布于肉汤琼脂平板,置37℃恒温生化箱,培养5d,观察是否有菌落生成。
2.5打孔加药法测定本发明凝胶对5种细菌的抑菌实验
2.5.1活化菌株 使用营养肉汤培养基,培养温度为37℃,培养2d。
2.5.2平板传代 用平板划线分离法将菌种接种到肉汤平板培养基内。用接种环以无菌操作从液体培养基内取菌种悬液一环,在平板培养基的一边,做第一次平行划线2-3条。转动培养皿约70°角,用烧过冷却的接种环,通过第一次划线部分,做第二次平行划线。用同法通过第二次平行划线做第三次平行划线。
2.5.3制作菌悬液 挑取芝麻粒大单菌落,溶于灭菌蒸馏水1ml,充分混合均匀,调节菌悬液浊度至(0.5-0.7)麦氏浊度,相当于(1.5-2.1)×10^6CFU/mL。
2.5.4制作含菌平板 以无菌棉签蘸取菌悬液并在管壁挤去过多液体后,将菌悬液均匀涂布于实验用平板表面。
2.5.5打孔加药 涂板10min后,以直径8mm打孔器在涂菌后的培养基上打孔,将孔内琼脂挑去后挤入新打开的本发明凝胶,使凝胶与孔边缘平齐并充分接触,勿使凝胶沾染孔外琼脂平面。置37℃恒温生化箱,培养2d。
2.5.6敏感菌种的筛选 分别于培养后24h、48h,以游标卡尺测量各凝胶孔周围抑菌圈大小并记录其直径mm值。抑菌圈直径取最大径和最小径的均数(也可用最大和最小半径的均数乘2代表直径)。每株菌同时做3个平板,取抑菌圈直径平均值。以上实验重复20次,按照“药物敏感实验判定标准”(表1)来确定本凝剂的敏感菌种及敏感度。
表1 药物敏感实验判定标准
2.5.7试管稀释法测定本发明凝胶敏感细菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)
把受试的本发明凝胶在无菌条件下用灭菌蒸溜水1:5稀释为0.2mg/ml,加以均匀化,即成凝胶原液。取13mm×100mm灭菌试管(有瓶塞)10支,加入液体培养基。第1管加入培养基液1.6ml,其余每管加入1ml。加入软膏原液:在1管中加0.4ml混匀,从中吸出1ml加入第2管中。以此类推,依次递增稀释。最后1管取1ml混匀液,弃掉。混匀液的含药浓度分别是:50、25、12.5、6.25、3.13、1、56、0.78、0.39、0.20、0.10mg/ml。再往每支试管中加入敏感菌悬液0.05ml,作为实验组。由于本凝胶制成凝胶原液,药液较浑浊,影响结果观察,故另取10支试管按上述方法加入液体培养基和凝胶原液,不加菌悬液,作为对照。置于37℃孵育24-48h后取出,观察结果。以实验组和对照组中同一号码试管内液体澄清度相等的含药量为该菌的MIC。
2.6糠秕马拉色菌对本发明凝胶的药敏实验
2.6.1活化菌株 使用菜籽油培养基,培养温度为32℃,培养7d。
2.6.2菌液的制备 挑取成熟菌落至5ml无菌生理盐水中,旋摇使成均匀的菌悬液,用无菌生理盐水溶液调整浊度达0.5麦氏单位(1×106~5×10^6CFU/ml)。改良琼脂稀释法和微量稀释法中,菌悬液需用麦芽浸膏培养基按1:1000进行稀释。
2.6.3纸片扩散法 将无菌棉拭子浸入浊度为0.5麦氏单位的糠秕马拉色菌悬液中,在试管壁液面上方旋转棉拭子挤出多余的菌液。用棉试子侧面从3个不同的方向在含菜籽油琼脂平板均匀涂布。待5-15min后,在已接种菌液的平板上贴凝胶药敏纸片(10mg/片),确保其紧贴琼脂表面。倒置平板,于32℃孵育7d,量取抑菌环直径(mm)。在抑菌环边缘或内部的极微小菌落可忽略不计。
2.6.4改良琼脂稀释法 取稀释1000倍的菌悬液5μl分别接种于含药菜籽油琼脂平板中,置32℃恒温生化箱,培养5d,以肉眼未见菌株生长的最低药物浓度为此菌的MIC。
2.6.5微量稀释法 取麦芽浸膏培养基倍比稀释药液和凝胶基质,使其浓度如改良琼脂法中的药液浓度一致。菌液制备如前。
按照美国国家临床实验室推荐的M27-A2方案进行。所使用96孔微量培养板:8行×12列。12列中设定第1列和第12列分别为阴性对照(200μl麦芽浸膏培养基)和阳性对照(100μl菌悬液+100μl麦芽浸膏培养基),第2~11列所对应的空为实验孔。实验孔中,第1行为无菌对照组(100μl稀释药液+100μl麦芽浸膏培养基),第2行为基质对照组(100μl凝胶基质+100μl菌悬液),第3行为基质对照组(100μl稀释药液+100μl菌悬液)。用微量加液器将每份实验液体定量加入对应区的孔中。将接种好的微量药敏板平稳置于32℃恒温生化箱中,培养5d。以阳性对照孔有菌显著生长的时间为观察和评定MIC的最宜时间,以含药量低而无肉眼可见菌生长的实验孔含药量为该菌的MIC。
以上三个实验分别连续10次重复性试验,取其平均值。
2.7白色念珠菌对本发明凝胶的药敏实验
2.7.1活化菌株 使用沙氏培养基,培养温度为35℃,培养2d。
2.6.2菌液的制备 挑取成熟菌落至5ml无菌生理盐水中,旋摇使成均匀的菌悬液,用无菌生理盐水溶液调整浊度达0.5麦氏单位(1×10^6~5×10^6CFU/ml)。改良琼脂稀释法和微量稀释法中,菌悬液需再用RPMI 1640培养基按1:1000进行稀释。
2.6.3纸片扩散法 将无菌棉拭子浸入浊度为0.5麦氏单位的白色念珠菌悬液中,在试管壁液面上方旋转棉拭子挤出多余的菌液。用棉试子侧面从3个不同的方向在含20g/l葡萄糖和0.5μg/ml美蓝的M-H琼脂平板均匀涂布。待5~15min后,在已接种菌液的平板上贴本发明凝胶药敏纸片,确保其紧贴琼脂表面。倒置平板,于35℃恒温生化箱孵育1-2d后,量取抑菌环直径(mm)。
2.6.4改良琼脂稀释法 取稀释1000倍的菌悬液5μl分别接种于含药美蓝M-H琼脂平板中,置35℃恒温生化箱,培养1-2d,以肉眼未见菌株生长的最低药物浓度为此菌的MIC。
2.6.5微量稀释法 取RPMI 1640培养基倍比稀释药液和凝胶基质,使其浓度如改良琼脂稀释法中的药液浓度一致。菌液制备如前。
按照美国国家临床实验室推荐的M27-A2方案进行。所使用96孔微量培养板:8行×12列。12列中设定第1列和第12列分别为阴性对照(200μlRPMI 1640培养基)和阳性对照(100μl菌悬液+100μlRPMI 1640培养基),第2~11列所对应的空为实验孔。实验孔中,第1行为无菌对照组(100μl稀释药液+100μlRPMI 1640培养基),第2行为基质对照组(100μl凝胶基质+100μl菌悬液),第3行为基质对照组(100μl稀释药液+100μl菌悬液)。用微量加液器将每份实验液体定量加入对应区的孔中。将接种好的微量药敏板平稳置于35℃恒温生化箱中,培养1-2d。以阳性对照孔有菌显著生长的时间为观察和评定MIC的最宜时间,以含药量低而无肉眼可见菌生长的实验孔含药量为该菌的MIC。
以上三个实验分别连续10次重复性试验,取其平均值。
2.7统计学处理 用SPSS 20.0软件,进行方差分析检验,数据以x±s表示,P<005为差异有统计学意义。
3结果
3.1本发明凝胶培养结果 培养后1、2、3、4、5d,观察琼脂平板内未见菌株生成,可认为此凝胶不滋生菌落。
3.2本发明凝胶对5种细菌的药敏实验
3.2.1敏感细菌菌种的筛选结果 经20次重复实验,金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌和绿脓杆菌平板中均可见清晰的抑菌圈,其中绿脓杆菌平板需培养24h,才形成明显的抑菌圈。大肠杆菌和变形杆菌平板中未见明显抑菌圈形成(图1)。
本发明凝胶对5种细菌所发挥的抑菌作用见表2。
表2 用打孔加药法测本发明凝胶对5种细菌的抑菌圈直径和药敏观测
3.2.2试管稀释法观测本发明凝胶敏感菌的最小抑菌质量浓度MIC的结果 经20次重复实验,金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌和绿脓杆菌中均出现澄清与浑浊的交界试管,大肠杆菌和变形杆菌中各试管均浑浊(表3),且20次试验结果一致。
表3 用试管稀释法本发明凝胶对敏感细菌的最低抑菌浓度MIC(mg/ml)
3.3糠秕马拉色菌的药敏实验结果
3.3.1纸片扩散法 经3次重复实验,糠秕马拉色菌菜籽油平板中均出现明显的抑菌圈,其抑菌直径如表4所示:
表4 用纸片扩散法检测本发明凝胶对糠秕马拉色菌抑菌圈直径
表5 用改良琼脂稀释法检测本发明凝胶对糠秕马拉色菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)
3.3.3微量稀释法 如表6所示:
表6 用微量稀释法检测本发明凝胶对糠秕马拉色菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)
3.4白色念珠菌的药敏实验结果
3.4.1纸片扩散法 经3次重复实验,白色念珠菌美蓝M-H琼脂平板中均出现明显的抑菌圈,其抑菌直径如表7所示:
表7 用纸片扩散法检测本发明凝胶对白色念珠菌抑菌圈直径
3.4.2改良琼脂稀释法 如表8所示:
表8 用改良琼脂稀释法检测本发明凝胶对白色念珠菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)
3.4.3微量稀释法 如表9所示:
表9 用微量稀释法检测本发明凝胶对糠秕马拉色菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)
实验例2抗炎作用研究
采用本发明凝胶对二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀的影响、对角叉菜胶致小鼠足肿胀的影响及对冰醋酸致小鼠毛细血管通透性增加的影响3个实验进行探索。
1.实验材料:
1.1实验动物:SPF级昆明种小鼠180只,雌雄各半,体重18-20g,由南方医科大学实验动物中心提供。
1.2实验药物:
999皮炎平软膏(复方醋酸地塞米松乳膏,三九医药股份有限公司,生产批号:20130504)、二甲苯(上海建信化工有限公司试剂厂,生产批号:20130216)、复方脱钙液(盐酸8ml,乙酸5ml,水杨酸10g,蒸馏水87ml)、伊文思蓝(美国Sigma公司出品,生产批号:20130123,临用前用0.9%生理盐水配制成2%的浓度备用),角叉菜胶(美国Sigma公司,生产批号:20130214,实验前用生理盐水新鲜配制成1%的浓度备用)。本发明实施例1所制得的凝胶剂。
1.3实验器材:8mm金属打孔器,电子分析天平(赛多利斯科学仪器有限公司,型号BSA2335)。超薄切片机(LKBv型,瑞典LKB公司生产),OLYMPUS BX41光学显微镜,UV-730比色仪,电剪。
2.实验方法:
2.1本发明凝胶对二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀的影响
取60只小鼠按性别、体重随机分为6组,分别为空白对照组,模型对照组(卡波姆组),皮炎平组,本发明凝胶低、中、高剂量组,每组10只。各组小鼠均定量且足量自由进食、饮水,适应3d。实验当日,给模型组、皮炎平组、本发明凝胶低、中、高组小鼠右耳前后两面涂药,使其自然吸收,涂药量为模型组卡波姆15mg/只,皮炎平组25mg/只,苦黄凝剂小(10mg/kg)、中(25mg/kg)、大(40mg/kg)剂量,空白对照组外涂等体积的生理盐水,2次/d,连续用药7d。左耳不做任何处理以作对照。末次给药30min后,各小鼠右耳以温水洗去残余药物并擦净,右耳前后两面涂100%二甲苯30μL/只致炎,左耳为对照。20mim后将小鼠颈椎脱臼致死,沿耳廓基线剪下两耳,用直径为8mm的打孔器分别在左、右耳同一位置打下圆耳片,用电子天平称耳片重量,立即投入预先配好的固定液中(10%福尔马林)。进行双耳肿胀度检测:肿胀度=右耳片质量-左耳片质量;肿胀抑制率=(模型对照组平均肿胀度-给药组平均肿胀度)/模型对照组平均肿胀度×100%。
2.2本发明凝胶对角叉菜胶致小鼠足肿胀的影响
取60只小鼠,用电剪在小鼠颈背部脱毛,脱毛面积约2cm×2cm。在脱毛后24h将按性别、体重随机分为6组,即空白对照组,模型对照组(卡波姆组),皮炎平组,本发明凝胶低、中、高剂量组,每组10只。给模型组、皮炎平组、本发明凝胶低、中、高组小鼠颈背部脱毛皮肤处涂药,使其自然吸收,涂药量为模型组卡波姆15mg/只,皮炎平组25mg/只,苦黄凝剂小(10mg/kg)、中(25mg/kg)、大(50mg/kg)剂量,空白对照组外涂等体积的生理盐水,2次/d,连续用药7d。于第13次给药1h后,在小鼠右后足背皮下注射1%角叉菜胶(用生理盐水新鲜配制)0.05mL/只,给药后3h再外涂给药1次,末次给药1h后处死小鼠,从长短毛交界处剪下左右足,称重。进行足肿胀度检测:肿胀度=右足质量-左足质量,分别记下小鼠足爪肿胀度,进行统计学处理。
2.3本发明凝胶对冰醋酸致小鼠毛细血管通透性增加的影响
取昆明种小鼠60只,在颈背部脱毛,分组后给药,方法同2.2。在末次给药后1h,在动物尾静脉注射2%伊文思蓝溶液10ml/kg,同时除对照组外其余各组动物均腹腔注射0.7%冰醋酸10ml/kg,注射后30min处死动物,腹腔注射生理盐水4mL/只,揉搓腹部后剪开腹腔,收集腹腔洗出液,1500r·min-1离心15min,取上清液1mL在590nm处测定吸光度(OD值)。
2.4统计学方法 测定结果以均数标准差表示,采用单因素方差分析和q检验进行组间差异比较,P<0.05为有统计学差异。
3结果
3.1本发明凝胶对二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀的抑制效果 实验结果表明:随着本发明凝胶药物剂量的加大,对耳肿胀的抑制率亦增加,本发明凝胶高剂量组均能明显抑制小鼠耳肿胀,其抗炎作用均可与阳性对照皮炎平组的效果相近(表10)。
表10 本发明凝胶对小鼠耳壳炎性肿胀的影响(n=10)
3.2本发明凝胶对角叉菜胶致小鼠足肿胀的影响结果
对足肿胀度的抑制随剂量增加而加强,本发明凝胶中、高浓度组均能明显抑制小鼠足肿胀(表11)。
表11 本发明凝胶对大鼠角叉菜胶足肿的影响(n=10)
3.3本发明凝胶对冰醋酸致小鼠毛细血管通透性增加的影响结果 与正常组比较,模型组小鼠皮肤内伊文思蓝含量显著增高,说明造模型成功;与模型组比较,本发明凝胶低、中、高剂量组均能显著降低小鼠皮肤内伊文思蓝含量,其中高剂量组治疗效果能与皮炎平组近(表12)。
表12 本发明凝胶对小鼠皮肤毛细胞血管透性的影响(n=10)
实验例3对二硝基氯苯-丙酮溶液致豚鼠、小鼠接触性皮炎-湿疹模型的实验研究
1材料和方法
1.1实验动物 豚鼠,清洁级,雄性,36只,体重(240-260)g;昆明种小鼠,清洁级,雄性,60只,体重(18-22)g。以上动物均由南方医科大学实验动物中心提供。
1.2实验药物
999皮炎平软膏(复方醋酸地塞米松乳膏,三九医药股份有限公司,生产批号:20130504);丙酮溶液;2,4-二硝基氯苯(DNCB)(以丙酮配成7%、1%、0、1%的DNCB丙酮溶液)等。本发明实施例1所制得的凝胶剂。
1.3仪器 动物电动剃毛器,8mm、10mm金属打孔器,电子分析天平(赛多利斯科学仪器有限公司,型号BSA2335),光学显微镜。
1.4试剂 豚鼠白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)及白细胞介素-2(IL-2)的ELISA试剂盒(CUSABIO公司);小鼠白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)及白细胞介素-2(IL-2)的ELISA试剂盒(科联生物技术有限公司)。
2实验方法
2.1接触性皮炎模型的制备
2.1.1取豚鼠30只,于实验前1d剃净每只豚鼠背部毛发,面积约3cm×3cm,实验当日用7%DNCB丙酮溶液100uL外涂于背部剃毛处,使其致敏,5d后对每只豚鼠右耳内侧涂1%DNCB丙酮溶液各5uL予以激发,且每隔3d激发1次,共4次。
2.1.2取昆明小鼠50只,于实验前1d剃净每只小鼠背部毛发,面积约2cm×2cm,实验当日用7%DNCB丙酮溶液100uL外涂于背部剃毛处,使其致敏,5d后对每只小鼠右耳内侧涂0.1%DNCB丙酮溶液各5uL予以激发,且每隔3d激发1次,共4次。
2.2分组与给药
2.2.1将上述30只豚鼠随机分为5组:本发明凝胶低剂量(25mg/只)、中剂量(50mg/只)、高剂量(100mg/只)组,999皮炎平阳性药物组(皮炎平50mg/只),模型组(卡波姆15mg/只),每组均6只;另取豚鼠7只作为空白对照组(等体积生理盐水)。分别将受试药物均匀涂于各豚鼠右耳内侧,涂满整个右耳内侧,2次/d。若于激发当日则在激发前1h给药,连续用药15d。末次激发后24h时处死豚鼠,并检测相关指标。
2.2.2将上述50只昆明小鼠随机分为5组:本发明凝胶低剂量(10mg/只)、中剂量(25mg/只)、高剂量组(50mg/只),999皮炎平阳性药物(皮炎平25gm/只)组,模型组(卡波姆10mg/只)3只,每组均10只;另取小鼠10只作为空白对照组(等体积生理盐水)。给药方法如豚鼠。
2.3观察指标
2.3.1耳肿胀情况于每次激发后24h观察各组动物右耳肿胀情况。
2.3.2耳重量差末次激发后24h处死豚鼠、小鼠,用打孔器(豚鼠的打孔器直径为10mm,小鼠的打孔器直径为8mm,)在两耳中部钻取左右圆耳片,称重并计算左右耳的重量差。每组取右耳组织制成病理切片,HE染色,做组织病理学检查。
2.3.3血清IL-2,IL-4及IFN-γ的检测豚鼠取血各5mL,3000rpm/min离心15min取血清用ELISA法测定IL-2,IL-4及IFN-γ,严格按试剂盒说明书进行操作。小鼠取血各1mL,3000rpm/min离心15min取血清用ELISA法测定IL-2,IL-4及IFN-γ,严格按试剂盒说明书进行操作。
2.4统计学处理 用SPSS 20.0软件,进行方差分析检验,数据以x±s表示,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
3实验结果
3.1用药前后豚鼠、小鼠耳肿胀观察结果
3.1.1本发明凝胶对二硝基氯苯-丙酮溶液反复激发豚鼠耳肿胀的影响与正常组相比,模型组豚鼠在第1、2、3、4次激发后的24h、48h、72h耳部均明显肿胀。与模型组相比,本发明凝胶低剂量在第1次激发后72h,第2次激发后24h,第3次激发后的24h、48h、72h均能抑制豚鼠耳肿胀。在第2次激发后48h、72h及第4次激发后的24h、48h、72h均能明显抑制豚鼠耳肿胀。本发明凝胶中剂量在第1次激发后24h、48h能明显抑制小鼠耳肿胀,在第1次激发后72h及第2、3、4次激发后的24h、48h、72h均能极明显抑制豚鼠耳肿胀。本发明凝胶高剂量在第1次激发后24h能明显抑制小鼠耳肿胀,在第1次激发后48h、72h及第2、3、4次激发后的24h、48h、72h均能极明显抑制豚鼠耳肿胀。皮炎平组在第1、2、3、4次激发后的24h、48h、72h均能极明显抑制小鼠耳肿胀。
3.1.2本发明凝胶对二硝基氯苯-丙酮溶液反复激发小鼠耳肿胀的影响因小鼠对于过敏性反应的敏感度较豚鼠差,激发后耳肿胀现象消退较快,加之涂药后受试药物会被小鼠抹掉,因此严重地影响了本凝剂的药效发挥,无法得出具体治疗效果。
3.2用药前后豚鼠、小鼠双耳重量差称量结果
3.2.1豚鼠双耳重量差如表13所示。
表13 豚鼠双耳重量差(n=10)
3.2.2小鼠双耳重量差如表14所示。
表14 小鼠双耳重量差(n=10)
3.3光镜下对用药后豚鼠、小鼠右耳切片观察结果
3.3.1本发明凝胶对二硝基氯苯-丙酮溶液反复激发豚鼠耳组织病理变化的影响
如图2所示,模型组豚鼠耳组织损伤表现为耳表皮明显增厚,角化过度,局部区域表皮坏死脱落,形成明显的溃疡,溃疡处有纤维素渗出及大量的中性粒细胞集聚;真皮明显充血渗出和大量炎细胞浸润,浸润的炎细胞类型以中性粒细胞为主。本发明凝胶低剂量能较明显减轻二硝基氯苯-丙酮溶液所致的耳表皮增厚,较明显减轻表皮溃疡和真皮炎细胞浸润。本发明凝胶中剂量能明显减轻二硝基氯苯-丙酮溶液所致的耳表皮增厚和溃疡以及真皮炎细胞浸润,明显减轻真皮充血和渗出。本发明凝胶高剂量能极明显减轻二硝基氯苯所致的耳表皮增厚和溃疡以及真皮渗出和炎细胞浸润,明显减轻真皮充血。皮炎平能极明显减轻二硝基氯苯所致的耳表皮增厚,明显减轻表皮溃疡和真皮充血渗出及炎细胞浸润。
3.3.2本发明凝胶对二硝基氯苯-丙酮溶液反复激发小鼠耳组织病理变化的影响
如图3所示,模型组小鼠耳组织损伤表现为耳表皮增厚,角化过度,有中性粒细胞集聚;真皮充血渗出和炎细胞浸润,浸润的炎细胞类型以中性粒细胞为主。本发明凝胶低剂量能未见明显减轻二硝基氯苯-丙酮溶液所致的耳表皮增厚和减轻真皮炎细胞浸润。本发明凝胶中剂量能轻度减轻二硝基氯苯-丙酮溶液所致的耳表皮增厚和真皮炎细胞浸润,轻度减轻真皮充血和渗出。本发明凝胶高剂量能明显减轻二硝基氯苯所致的耳表皮增厚和真皮渗出和炎细胞浸润,明显减轻真皮充血。皮炎平能明显减轻二硝基氯苯所致的耳表皮增厚,明显减轻真皮充血渗出及炎细胞浸润。
3.4本发明凝胶对豚鼠、小鼠湿疹模型血清细胞因子的测量结果
3.4.1本发明凝胶对豚鼠湿疹模型血清细胞因子的影响见表15。
表15 本发明凝胶对豚鼠皮炎-湿疹模型血清细胞因子的影响(n=6)
3.4.1本发明凝胶对小鼠湿疹模型血清细胞因子的影响见表16
表16 本发明凝胶对小鼠皮炎-湿疹模型血清细胞因子的影响(n=10)
4结论 由耳肿胀观察和耳组织病理切片检查可见,本发明凝胶对二硝基氯苯-丙酮溶液致豚鼠接触性皮炎-湿疹模型有明显的治疗作用,其中有效剂量为低剂量(25mg/只),最佳有效剂量为中剂量(50mg/只),高剂量(100mg/只)效果更佳。本发明凝胶对二硝基氯苯-丙酮溶液致小鼠接触性皮炎-湿疹模型有一定的治疗作用,其中有效剂量为为中剂量(25mg/只),高剂量(50mg/只)效果更佳。
Claims (3)
1.一种治疗热带地区易发皮肤病的外用凝胶剂,由活性药物成分和凝胶基质组成,其特征在于:所述的活性药物成分由以下重量份数的中药制成:黄柏78.2份、蛇床子104.5份、苦参157.3份、地肤子78.2份、椿根皮78.2份、广藿香55.5份、大叶桉111.8份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗热带地区易发皮肤病的外用凝胶剂,其特征在于:所述的凝胶基质成分由以下重量份数的组分组成:卡波姆-940 10-30份、羟丙基甲基纤维素钠10-30份、丙二醇130-170份、甘油180-220份、无水硫酸钠1-3份、氢氧化钠1-3份、尼泊金乙酯0.5-2份、蒸馏水适量。
3.权利要求1或2所述治疗热带地区易发皮肤病的外用凝胶剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述活性药物成分的制备步骤包括:(1)取苦参、地肤子、椿根皮加8-15倍量水,浸泡15-45min,提取1-3次,每次1.5-3.0小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩到相对密度为1∶0.8-1.2的水提液,备用;(2)取黄柏、蛇床子加6-10倍量60-90%乙醇,提取1-3次,每次提取1-3h,回收乙醇,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩到相对密度为1∶0.8-1.2的醇提液,备用;(3)取广藿香、大叶桉加10-15倍量水,浸泡0.5-2h,提取4-6小时,得挥发油;将上述水提液、醇提液、挥发油,混匀得合并药液备用。
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