CN104521747A - High-temperature resistant cotton screening and identification method - Google Patents
High-temperature resistant cotton screening and identification method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A high-temperature resistant cotton screening and identification method is used for screening and identification of high-temperature resistant cotton germplasm resource materials and varieties. Cotton materials are planted in the field by nutrition bowl seedling transplantation or direct seeding; mepiquat chloride at a concentration of 80-100 mg/L is used for processing when a main stem leaf grows 10-12 true leaves; after processing, fixed plants' height during 18-20d is measured and main stem internode length is limited; and according to average growth rate of plant height and average limited main stem internode length, the materials to be measured are divided into two types, namely a high-temperature resistant type and a high-temperature sensitive type. According to the high-temperature resistant cotton screening and identification method, no greenhouse facilities are needed to provide high temperature stress. By the method, costs are saved. The method is simple to operate, has advantages of standard and visual evaluation and reliable result, can provide rapid identification in early stage, and has important application value in the aspect of high-temperature resistant cotton breeding and production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of selection systems method of high temperature resisting cotton, be exclusively used in the selection systems of high temperature resisting cotton Germplasms and kind, belong to crops breeding for stress tolerance field.
Background technology
Global warming has become people to know together.It is expected that, to this century inferior lobe global average temperature by rising 1.4 ~ 5.8 DEG C, and the generation of extreme climate as high temperature, arid etc. will be more frequent.The rising of the average annual temperature of China is a little more than global warming 0.5-0.8 DEG C, following summer (6 to August) occurs that the probability of thermal extremes is up to more than 90% (Battisti D S and NaylorR L.Historical Warnings of Future Food Insecurity with Unprecedented Seasonal Heat.Science, 2009,323:240-244).At present, the seasonal high temperature more than 35 DEG C during 7 to August takes place frequently at Cotton in China planting area, and now cotton is in and blooms and tie the bell phase, high temperature stress affects pollen development, pollen fertility reduces even abortion, causes a large amount of fruit abscission rate, thus has a strong impact on the formation of yield and quality.
Seed selection refractory wool flower variety is to adapt to when the cotton environment of planting in advance and the weather conditions that warm in the future are the effective ways of stabilizing and increasing output of cotton and quality, and set up easy, high temperature resisting cotton selection systems method accurately, and obtain prerequisite and basis that the cotton material with high-temperature stability is high temperature resisting cotton breeding.Because cotton has indeterminate growth, flowering habit and stronger compensation ability, thus can not using final solid (bell) rate and yield traits as the screening index of thermo-tolerance as the crops such as paddy rice.In early-stage Study, we are in conjunction with indoor pollen cultures and field cultivation test, by external pollen germination rate, pollen tube growth length and flowering and boll-setting period tie screening index (the Zhi Liu (Liu Zhi) of bell characteristic as high temperature resisting cotton, You-Lu Yuan, Shao-QingLiu, Xiao-Nan Yu and Li-Qun Rao.Screening for High-Temperature Tolerant Cotton Cultivars byTesting in vitro Pollen Germination, Pollen Tube Growth and Boll Retention.Journal of IntegrativePlant Biology, 2006, 48 (6): 706-714), and propose a kind of selection (ZL201210073660.3) of high temperature resisting cotton hybrid.This screening technique does not need chamber facility to provide High Temperature Stress, and operation is comparatively simple, and accuracy is high, but needs pollen cultures and knot bell sex investigation during screening, and the whole screening cycle is longer, also needs certain data handling procedure, and screening technique is directly perceived not.Recently, Chinese invention patent " a kind of method for rapid identification of heat-resistance seedling state of cotton " (application number: 201210041026.1) disclose cotton 3 to the 4 leaf phase with 40 ~ 45 DEG C of process 5 ~ 12h after, determine the method for the warm tolerance of cotton by calculating ascorbate peroxidase enzymic activity, relative conductivity and relative value that is normal growth relative with seedling wilted percent.Though the method can be identified the warm tolerance of cotton material in early days, early stage seedling due to own growth fragile, physio-biochemical characteristics such as not to be given full play at the factor, are difficult to the true resistance to sex expression of showing material; In addition, the mensuration of the indexs such as Physiology and biochemistry needs relevant instrument and equipment condition, and the reproducibility and reliability of data is also poor, thus have impact on the accuracy of the operability of the method, practicality and qualification result.Another Chinese invention patent " the resistant to elevated temperatures screening technique of a kind of field test cotton " (application number: 201410079760.6) disclose in field artificial high temperature treatment, by indoor observation and calculating pollen germination rate, judge the method for the heat-resisting quantity of cotton.The method needs to build simple and easy high temperature canopy at cotton initial bloom stage and carries out artificial high temperature stress process, and high temperature treatment is not easily controlled, and is subject to the impact of natural environment variations in temperature and other conditions, and pollen germination test is rigorous not, and criterion is fuzzyyer.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to for the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of selection systems method of high temperature resisting cotton is provided, with the High Temperature Stress patience of screening and evaluation cotton material, this invention is easy and simple to handle, evaluation criterion is directly perceived, reliable results, and the effect that can reach early stage rapid screening and qualification.
A selection systems method for high temperature resisting cotton, comprises the following steps:
(1) field planting: adopt nutrition bowl seedling transplanting or seed sowing mode field planting material to be screened; (2) mepiquat chloride process: grow to 8 ~ 12 leaf periods at cotton seedling stem leaf and carry out mepiquat chloride process;
(3) length that strain is measured plant height and limited stem internode is determined: carrying out the same day of mepiquat chloride process, the individual plant selecting at least 10% growth and development state basically identical from every part of material to be screened, each individual plant carries out mark, and measures plant height respectively, is expressed as H
0, record stem true leaf number, is expressed as N; After mepiquat chloride process 16 ~ 22d, again measure the plant height of each mark individual plant of every part of material to be screened, be designated as H, calculate the plant height growth rate of each individual plant, plant height Growth Rate Calculation method is:
then average as the plant height growth rate of every part of material to be screened; Measure between every part of material to be screened each mark individual plant stem N-1 true leaf and N+2 true leaf, the i.e. length of the continuous three sections of internodes of N, N+1 and N+2, calculate the average length of this three stem internodes of each individual plant every section of internode, then the average length of internode selected by the mark individual plant of acquisition is averaged as the restriction stem length of internode of every part of material again;
(4) thermo-tolerance evaluation: according to obtaining the plant height growth rate of every part of material to be screened in step (3) and limiting stem length of internode, plant height growth rate is not less than 50%, and the material that restriction stem length of internode is not shorter than 5cm is divided into high temperature resistant type, otherwise belong to sensitive type.
The field planting detailed process of step (1): nutrition bowl seedling transplanting mode is adopted to cotton seeds to be screened, sow in late April, or carry out seed sowing in early or mid May, every bunch planting kind 3 ~ 4, seedling 1 ~ 2 strain is stayed in 1 every cave of leaf period, 3 leaf period every cave final singling 1 strains; Every part of detected materials at least plants 50 strains, and density is every 667m
2plantation 2000 ~ 3000 strains, conventionally ensure sufficient rich water supply and normal pest management, seedling stage does not carry out any chemical regulation.
Step (2) is preferably grown to 10 ~ 12 leaf periods at cotton seedling stem leaf and is carried out mepiquat chloride process.
In step (2), mepiquat chloride is the aqueous solution of concentration 60 ~ 120mg/L, the preferably aqueous solution of 80 ~ 100mg/L, every 667m
2use 20 ~ 30Kg, preferred 30Kg, complete stool evenly sprays.
Spray time is before morning 10:00 or after afternoon 15:00.Avoid spray process rainy day, if meet rain in 6h after process, fill spray again once by the half of initial mepiquat chloride concentration for the treatment of in time after rain.
Preferably 10% ~ 20% to grow basically identical individual plant from every part of material to be screened in step (3).
In step (3) after preferred mepiquat chloride process 18 ~ 20d, carry out plant height and limit stem length of internode measuring.
The selection systems method of high temperature resisting cotton provided by the invention, tool has the following advantages and beneficial effect:
(1) simple to operate, method is feasible, and evaluation criterion is directly perceived.The mepiquat chloride used in the present invention is plant growth regulator the most frequently used in Cotton Production, retarding action is had to cotton nutrient growth, complete stool is conducted to by plant leaf and root absorption, the activity of plant body inner gibberellin can be reduced, thus T suppression cell extends, weaken terminal bud growing way, control plant and grow in length and breadth, make plant shortened internodes.Field trial for many years finds, the responsive cotton material of mepiquat chloride all shows the abnormal and pollen fertility decline phenomenon of anther development under high temperature stress, and the mepiquat chloride sensitive property of cotton material reflects its patience degree to high temperature.The present invention is exactly the selection systems method finding based on this and propose, at the quick growth and development stage of cotton, by plant height growth rate with limit stem length of internode evaluating material to the susceptibility of mepiquat chloride, thus the thermo-tolerance degree of indirectly but intuitively this material of screening and identification.The present invention grasps easily to those of ordinary skill in the art, simple to operate, practical.
(2) do not need chamber facility to provide High Temperature Stress, cost-saving, the selection result accurately and reliably.The method does not need chamber facility to provide high temperature stress condition, does not need to expect the land for growing field crops natural high-temperature environment occurred yet, and just can be divided into by cotton material to be screened high temperature resistant with sensitive two type by mepiquat chloride process clearly.Result of the test shows for many years, the exotic material filtered out during knot bell of blooming under seasonal High Temperature Stress and artificial hot conditions the pollen fertility of (high temperature of 35 DEG C ~ 40 DEG C processes 7 ~ 10d continuously) normal, flower pesticide is full, pollen amount is large, still show the strong feature of knot bell, the ratio of the material being accredited as sensitive type then empty flat flower pesticide is more than 20%, and fruit abscission rate is serious, thus the selection result conforms to practical manifestation, reliable results.
(3) early stage Rapid identification, the breeding utilization of energy accelerated material.The pollen development of cotton is the most responsive to high-temperature response, but need to meet with the seasonal High Temperature Stress of long period during the blooming knot bell in Production of Large Fields and just show the empty flat performance of being injured with fruit abscission rate of flower pesticide, thus will arrive late growth stage and could distinguish the patience degree of material to high temperature preferably.The present invention carries out Fast Evaluation at Developmental of Cotton early stage (the flower bud phase is to initial bloom stage) to thermo-tolerance, selection systems work fast can be carried out on a large scale in field, and generally only need primary screening, can test without multiple years, thus striven for the time for the material qualification breeding plan such as hybridization transformation, proterties polymerization then, be conducive to the breeding utilization accelerating exotic material, shorten the breeding of new variety cycle.
Method provided by the invention is except except the thermo-tolerance of screening and identification cotton material effectively, being used for evaluating the susceptibility of cotton material to plant growth regulator mepiquat chloride, in cotton Production of Large Fields, the safe handling of mepiquat chloride provides directive function.
The refractory wool floral material that the present invention filters out still has stronger knot bell between the megathermal period that 7 to August, seasonality took place frequently, and is conducive to the formation of this one-phase high-quality bell and is concentrated into bell, improves output of cotton and quality.If coordinate other chemical regulation measures at late growth stage, also will be conducive to cotton and concentrate blow-of-cottons, and reduce artificial receipts and spend number of times and suitable mechanical to receive flower, reduce production cost.
Therefore, method provided by the invention has good practicality and application prospect.
Embodiment
Detailed description below by embodiment is illustrated further, but is not limitation of the present invention, only does example explanation.
Embodiment 1
Within 2012, weeding proving ground, garden in the school in Agricultural University Of Hunan adopts the thermo-tolerance of the present invention to 14 parts of cotton materials (title material is in table 1) to carry out selection systems.Adopt nutrition bowl seedling transplanting mode, April 21 was sowed, and May 18 transplanted, every 667m
2plant 3000 strains, 100 strains planted by every part of material, and conveniently implantation methods management after transplanting, seedling stage does not carry out any chemical regulation.To prepare concentration on June 24 is that (mepiquat chloride is 97% pulvis that moderately well-off agricultural chemicals Co., Ltd of Earthquake of Anyang station in Henan city produces to 80mg/L mepiquat chloride, dissolve preparation according to explanation running water) 30Kg solution sprayer the morning 9:00 rise and evenly spray each detected materials, complete stool sprays.Now each material has all entered and has contained the flower bud phase, and the open and flat true leaf of stem is all at about 10.From every part of material, growth selection grows basically identical individual plant 10 strain, and each individual plant carries out mark, and measures plant height respectively, record stem true leaf number.Again determine the plant height that each mark individual plant of every part of material is measured in strain July 13 (after mepiquat chloride process 19d), calculate plant height growth rate respectively, average as the plant height growth rate of every part of material, the plant height growth rate of statistics 14 parts of materials; Stem true leaf number-1 when simultaneously measuring each mark individual plant process of every part of material is to the length of continuous three sections of internodes between stem true leaf number+2, calculate the average length of every section of internode, then the average length of internode selected by the mark individual plant of acquisition is averaged as the restriction stem length of internode of every part of material again, add up 14 parts of materials to be screened and limit stem length of internode (table 1).
According to the plant height growth rate of 14 parts of detected materials after mepiquat chloride process with limit stem length of internode, the plant height growth rate of HLY11 and cotton No. 16 of Soviet Union is more than 50%, limit stem length of internode and be greater than 5cm, be divided into high temperature resistant type, other 12 parts of materials are then divided into sensitive type (table 1).Visible, be consistent according to this invention screening and identification exotic material out with our result of previous publications paper (documents see in table 1 remarks).
Table 1 cotton material plant height growth rate, stem joint length and thermo-tolerance type
Remarks: the detected materials in this table and we previously reported paper Zhi Liu (Liu Zhi), You-Lu Yuan, Shao-Qing Liu, Xiao-Nan Yu andLi-Qun Rao.Screening for High-Temperature Tolerant Cotton Cultivars by Testing in vitro Pollen Germination, Pollen Tube Growth and Boll Retention.Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 2006, research material in 48 (6): 706-714 is consistent, English name for using in this paper in bracket.
Embodiment 2
For verifying accuracy of the present invention and using value, within 2013, closing mountain village at Changsha, Hunan Ningxiang County and continuing to plant 14 parts of cotton materials in embodiment 1.Adopt nutrition bowl seedling transplanting mode, in sowing on April 13, May 13 transplanted, every 667m
2plant 2500 strains, 100 strains planted by every part of material, conveniently implantation methods management after transplanting.Each material all entered and contained the flower bud phase on June about 20.Meet with the hot weather of one period more than 35 DEG C from 13 to 25 June, occur the high temperature and drought weather of rare continuous more than 50 days from June 30 to August 19 subsequently.By the abiogenous high temperature stress in field, we confirm utilizing the present invention's thermo-tolerance of cotton material that screening and identification goes out in embodiment 1.During this period, adopt man-made irrigation to supply water with guarantee test field according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings, conveniently management method apply fertilizer normally, chemical regulation and the extermination of disease and insect pest.Between cotton flowering and boll-setting period, pass twice through hand sth. made by twisting flower pesticide in July 15 and August 10 respectively and judge the empty flat degree of flower pesticide and pollen grain quantity, and add up the percentage of the empty flat flower pesticide of every part of material.In investigation on August 20 single-strain bell-forming number, calculate boll per plant rate, the strain of every part of material random searching 10, then add up average Bolls per plant and the bolling rate (table 2) of 14 parts of materials.As shown in Table 2, under high temperature stress for a long time, the anther development of HLY11 and cotton No. 16 of Soviet Union is normal, full and pollen amount is large, and almost do not have empty flat, fruit abscission rate is few, single-strain bell-forming number and bolling rate high, show very strong knot bell, high-temperature stability is obvious; The empty flat rate of the flower pesticide of other 12 parts of materials is all more than 20%, and fruit abscission rate is comparatively serious, and knot bell is poor, responsive to high temperature performance, particularly new excellent cotton 68 and TS18 show male-sterile character, do not become bell between the megathermal period, very responsive to high temperature.These results confirm the accuracy of the present invention to high temperature resisting cotton selection systems result.
The empty flat rate of table 2 cotton anthers and boll per plant
| Title material | The empty flat rate (%) of flower pesticide | Single-strain bell-forming number (individual) | Boll per plant rate (%) |
| HLY11 | 0 | 38.6 | 74.3 |
| Cotton No. 4 of nasal mucus | 24.5 | 25.8 | 53.6 |
| JC108 | 22.3 | 26.2 | 51.7 |
| New excellent cotton 68 | 100 | 4.4 | 10.5 |
| Cotton No. 12 of Soviet Union | 42.3 | 14.7 | 24.5 |
| NuCOTN33B | 83.6 | 9.8 | 16.6 |
| Middle cotton 9409 | 36.2 | 17.8 | 38.4 |
| No. 41, CCRI | 34.7 | 19.2 | 35.8 |
| Zhongmiansuo 12 | 37.1 | 17.0 | 31.6 |
| TS18 | 100 | 3.2 | 9.4 |
| Shandong cotton 584 | 28.2 | 25.4 | 51.2 |
| Cotton No. 16 of Soviet Union | 3.8 | 30.6 | 67.3 |
| HLY15 | 86.4 | 11.2 | 15.2 |
| Cotton No. 3 of nasal mucus | 23.8 | 27.2 | 57.6 |
Embodiment 3
Within 2014, the thermo-tolerance of the present invention to 10 cotton varieties (title material is in table 3) is adopted to carry out selection systems in village of the Temple of the Dragon King, Chun Hua town, ChangSha, Hunan Province county.Carried out seed sowing May 12, every part of live 100 caves of material to be identified, every bunch planting kind 3 ~ 4, seedling 1 ~ 2 strain is stayed in 1 every cave of leaf period, 3 leaf period every cave final singling 1 strains.Planting density is every 667m
2plant 2000 strains, conventionally ensure sufficient rich water supply and normal pest management, seedling stage does not carry out any chemical regulation.July 6 was that the 30Kg solution sprayer of 100mg/L mepiquat chloride (mepiquat chloride source identical with embodiment 1 with compound method) evenly sprays each detected materials, complete stool spray after 15:00 in the afternoon by preparing concentration.Now each material has all entered and has contained the flower bud phase, and the open and flat true leaf of stem is all at about 10.From every part of material, growth selection grows basically identical individual plant 15 strain, and each individual plant carries out mark, and measures plant height respectively, record stem true leaf number.Again determine the plant height that each mark individual plant of every part of material is measured in strain July 25 (after mepiquat chloride process 18d), calculate plant height growth rate respectively, average as the plant height growth rate of every part of material, the plant height growth rate of statistics 10 parts of materials; Stem true leaf number-1 when simultaneously measuring each mark individual plant process of every part of material is to the length of continuous three sections of internodes between stem true leaf number+2, calculate the average length of every section of internode, the average length of internode selected by the mark individual plant of acquisition is averaged as the restriction stem length of internode of every part of material again, then adds up 10 parts of kinds and limit stem length of internode.According to the plant height growth rate of 10 parts of cotton varieties to be measured after mepiquat chloride process with limit stem length of internode, wherein cotton No. 1 of Hunan agricultural university, Hunan mix cotton No. 23, Hunan agriculture mix cotton 68 and the plant height growth rate of cotton No. 11 of Ya Hua more than 50%, limit stem length of internode and be greater than 5cm, these 4 kinds are divided into high temperature resistant type, and other 6 kinds are then divided into sensitive type (table 3).
In this proving ground from July 29 to August 6 continuous 9d there is the high temperature of more than 35 DEG C, investigated single-strain bell-forming number and the fruit abscission rate rate of 10 kinds to be measured subsequently August 20, the strain of every part of material random searching 20.Table 4 result shows, cotton No. 1 of the Hunan agricultural university that identifies, Hunan mix cotton No. 23, Hunan agriculture mix cotton 68 and the fruit abscission rate rate of cotton No. 11 4 the refractory wool flower varieties of Ya Hua low, upper, middle and lower fruit branch knot bell is comparatively even, and single-strain bell-forming number is many, and knot bell is more concentrated; And the fruit abscission rate rate of other 6 sensitive kinds is all higher, coerce by natural high-temperature and affect and cause middle part fruit branch Boll probability low, sensitive is obvious, thus demonstrates the reliability of screening and identification result of the present invention further.
Table 3 cotton variety plant height growth rate, stem joint length and thermo-tolerance type
Table 4 cotton variety fruit abscission rate rate and single-strain bell-forming number
| Title material | Fruit abscission rate rate (%) | Single-strain bell-forming number (individual) |
| CCRI 70 | 68.4 | 27.8 |
| Rich cotton No. 6 of Hunan | 63.5 | 23.1 |
| CCRI 60 | 71.6 | 20.3 |
| Cotton No. 1 of Hunan agricultural university | 30.5 | 44.2 |
| Assorted cotton No. 23 of Hunan | 34.7 | 40.6 |
| Ji excellent 861 | 72.8 | 24.4 |
| Shandong cotton grinds No. 40 | 65.4 | 27.5 |
| Hunan agriculture assorted cotton 68 | 36.6 | 39.8 |
| Shandong cotton grinds No. 37 | 73.5 | 25.7 |
| Cotton No. 11 of sub-China | 40.2 | 36.3 |
Claims (10)
1. a selection systems method for high temperature resisting cotton, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) field planting: adopt nutrition bowl seedling transplanting or seed sowing mode field planting material to be screened;
(2) mepiquat chloride process: grow to 8 ~ 12 leaf periods at cotton seedling stem leaf and carry out mepiquat chloride process;
(3) length that strain is measured plant height and limited stem internode is determined: carrying out the same day of mepiquat chloride process, the individual plant selecting at least 10% growth and development state basically identical from every part of material to be screened, each individual plant carries out mark, and measures plant height respectively, is expressed as H
0, record stem true leaf number, is expressed as N; After mepiquat chloride process 16 ~ 22d, again measure the plant height of each mark individual plant of every part of material to be screened, be designated as H, calculate the plant height growth rate of each individual plant, plant height Growth Rate Calculation method is:
then average as the plant height growth rate of every part of material to be screened; Measure between every part of material to be screened each mark individual plant stem N-1 true leaf and N+2 true leaf, the i.e. length of the continuous three sections of internodes of N, N+1 and N+2, calculate the average length of this three stem internodes of each individual plant every section of internode, then the average length of internode selected by the mark individual plant of acquisition is averaged as the restriction stem length of internode of every part of material again;
(4) thermo-tolerance evaluation: according to obtaining the plant height growth rate of every part of material to be screened in step (3) and limiting stem length of internode, plant height growth rate is not less than 50%, and the material that restriction stem length of internode is not shorter than 5cm is divided into high temperature resistant type, otherwise belong to sensitive type.
2. the selection systems method of high temperature resisting cotton according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
The field planting detailed process of step (1): nutrition bowl seedling transplanting mode is adopted to cotton seeds to be screened, sow in late April, or carry out seed sowing in early or mid May, every bunch planting kind 3 ~ 4, seedling 1 ~ 2 strain is stayed in 1 every cave of leaf period, 3 leaf period every cave final singling 1 strains; Density is every 667m
2plantation 2000 ~ 3000 strains, conventionally ensure sufficient rich water supply and normal pest management, seedling stage does not carry out any chemical regulation.
3. the selection systems method of high temperature resisting cotton according to claim 2, is characterized in that, every part of detected materials at least plants 50 strains.
4. the selection systems method of high temperature resisting cotton according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step (2) is grown to 10 ~ 12 leaf periods at cotton seedling stem leaf and carried out mepiquat chloride process.
5. the selection systems method of the high temperature resisting cotton according to claim 1 or 4, is characterized in that, in step (2), mepiquat chloride is the aqueous solution of concentration 60 ~ 120mg/L, every 667m
2use 20 ~ 30Kg, complete stool evenly sprays.
6. the selection systems method of high temperature resisting cotton according to claim 5, is characterized in that, in step (2), mepiquat chloride is the aqueous solution of concentration 80 ~ 100mg/L, every 667m
2use 30Kg.
7. the selection systems method of high temperature resisting cotton according to claim 5, is characterized in that, spray time is before morning 10:00 or after afternoon 15:00.
8. the selection systems method of high temperature resisting cotton according to claim 5, is characterized in that, avoids spray process rainy day, if meet rain in 6h after process, fills spray once in time after rain by the half of initial mepiquat chloride concentration for the treatment of again.
9. the selection systems method of high temperature resisting cotton according to claim 1, is characterized in that, selects 10% ~ 20% to grow basically identical individual plant in step (3) from every part of material to be screened.
10. the selection systems method of high temperature resisting cotton according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (3) after mepiquat chloride process 18 ~ 20d, carries out plant height and limit stem length of internode measuring.
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| CN107371845A (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2017-11-24 | 长江大学 | A kind of method of heating and cooling identification cotton high temperature resistance |
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