CN104508093A - 环保高效的利用高含水有机废弃物制备固体燃料的方法以及利用该方法的热电联产系统 - Google Patents
环保高效的利用高含水有机废弃物制备固体燃料的方法以及利用该方法的热电联产系统 Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 67
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- GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N spiromesifen Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(C(O1)=O)=C(OC(=O)CC(C)(C)C)C11CCCC1 GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及环保高效的利用高含水有机废弃物制备固体燃料的方法,具体地涉及利用高含水有机废弃物制备固体燃料的方法,上述利用高含水有机废弃物制备固体燃料的方法包括:废弃物混合步骤(a),将高含水有机废弃物和城市垃圾投入于Fe系的反应器并进行混合;水解步骤(b),对上述反应器施加高温的蒸气,来加压上述有机废弃物和城市垃圾的混合物之后,通过在加压状态下进行搅拌,来使上述混合物水解;减压步骤(c),排出上述反应器的内部的蒸气,来将反应器的内部快速减压并进行静置,从而将经过上述水解步骤(b)的有机废弃物低分子化,或者通过增大经过上述水解步骤(b)的城市垃圾的比表面积来使其破碎;真空或差压步骤(d),对上述反应器施加真空或差压条件,来去除经过上述减压步骤(c)的反应物的水分;以及固体染料化步骤(e),将经过上述真空或差压步骤(d)的反应物进行自然干燥及压缩成型,来制备水分含量为10~20%的固体燃料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及明显减少恶臭,且既环保又有效地从高含水有机废弃物制备固体原料的方法及利用该方法的热电联产系统。
背景技术
利用焚烧、发酵、直接及间接干燥等技术来处理有机污泥和畜产粪尿等有机废弃物。然而,焚烧的情况下,生成二恶英等有害物质,需要大量的外部能量,且设置费用很高,因而存在不经济的缺点。并且,当进行直接及间接干燥时,存在将80%的水分降低至15%所需的能量相当多,且在干燥过程及干燥后的固体燃料中产生严重的恶臭的问题。并且,发酵的情况下,存在这种恶臭的产生尤其严重,能量效率低,所需时间长,且需处理废水的问题。并且,海洋排出因协约的生效而2012年1月以后禁止排出下水污泥及畜产粪尿,并且2013年1月以后,在处理食品垃圾的过程中所产生的废水也将禁止海洋投弃。
关于高含水有机废弃物的处理,为了将高含水有机废弃物用作能源而正开发将其固体染料化的技术,这种情况下,必须将水分含量降低至15%以下。这种固体染料化技术大致分为干燥和碳化,但考虑总能量部分而最优选为干燥。然而,当前,存在干燥的过程中的恶臭和所生成的燃料的存储及使用时伴随的恶臭的问题。
发明内容
技术问题
对此,为了解决如上所述的问题,本发明要解决的问题在于,提供明显减少恶臭,且既环保又有效地从高含水有机废弃物制备固体原料的方法。
并且,本发明要解决的问题在于,提供利用通过上述方法制备的固体燃料的热电联产系统。
解决问题的手段
用于解决如上所述的问题的本发明作为一实施方式涉及利用高含水有机废弃物制备固体燃料的方法,上述利用高含水有机废弃物制备固体燃料的方法包括:废弃物混合步骤(a),将高含水有机废弃物和城市垃圾投入于Fe系的反应器并进行混合;水解步骤(b),对上述反应器施加高温的蒸气,来加压上述有机废弃物和城市垃圾的混合物之后,通过在加压状态下进行搅拌,来使上述混合物水解;减压步骤(c),排出上述反应器的内部的蒸气,来将反应器的内部快速减压并进行静置,从而将经过上述水解步骤(b)的有机废弃物低分子化,或者通过增大经过上述水解步骤(b)的城市垃圾的比表面积来使其破碎;真空或差压步骤(d),对上述反应器施加真空或差压条件,来去除经过上述减压步骤(c)的反应物的水分;以及固体染料化步骤(e),将经过上述真空或差压步骤(d)的反应物进行自然干燥及压缩成型,来制备水分含量为10~20%的固体燃料。
并且,作为另一实施方式,本发明涉及利用通过上述方法制备的固体燃料的热电联产系统。
发明的效果
本发明具有如下效果:将高含水有机废弃物和城市垃圾投入于Fe系的反应器并进行混合,且施加高温高压的水蒸气,由此借助基于水蒸气自由基的分解力、Fe反应催化剂的基于蛋白胨反应的促进而非常有效地分解有机物及恶臭成分,并且,借助快速减压工序,破碎有机废弃物,完全分解,并有效干燥有机废弃物的内部水,由此制备固体燃料。尤其,本发明具有如下效果:在施加高温高压的蒸气后经过快速减压的步骤,由此将未分解的有机废弃物低分子化,并使城市垃圾膨胀来增大比表面积,以大大提高干燥的效率,从而能够在短时间内制备固体燃料。
并且,通过本发明的方法制备的固体燃料具有如下效果:因具有高的低位发热量而能够提供为代替化石能源的优秀的能源,从而能够借助利用该固体燃料的热电联产系统有效生产电力。
附图说明
图1示出了本发明的高含水有机废弃物的处理系统。
图2示出了水的离子积变化和介电常数变化曲线。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及如下的环保高效的利用高含水有机废弃物制备固体燃料的方法,将高含水有机废弃物和城市垃圾投入于Fe系的反应器并进行混合,且施加高温高压的水蒸气,由此借助基于水蒸气自由基的分解力、Fe反应催化剂的基于蛋白胨反应的促进而分解有机物及恶臭成分,并且,借助快速减压工序,破碎有机废弃物,完全分解,并有效干燥有机废弃物的内部水。
以下,对本发明进行详细说明。
本发明涉及利用高含水有机废弃物制备固体燃料的方法,上述利用高含水有机废弃物制备固体燃料的方法包括:废弃物混合步骤(a),将高含水有机废弃物和城市垃圾投入于Fe系的反应器并进行混合;水解步骤(b),对上述反应器施加高温的蒸气,来加压上述有机废弃物和城市垃圾的混合物之后,通过在加压状态下进行搅拌,来使上述混合物水解;减压步骤(c),排出上述反应器的内部的蒸气,来将反应器的内部快速减压并进行静置,从而将经过上述水解步骤(b)的有机废弃物低分子化,或者通过增大经过上述水解步骤(b)的城市垃圾的比表面积来使其破碎;真空或差压步骤(d),对上述反应器施加真空或差压条件,来去除经过上述减压步骤(c)的反应物的水分;以及固体染料化步骤(e),将经过上述真空或差压步骤(d)的反应物进行自然干燥,来制备水分含量为10~20%的固体燃料。
在本发明中,上述废弃物混合步骤(a)为将高含水有机废弃物和城市垃圾投入于Fe系的反应器并进行混合的步骤,优选地,上述高含水有机废弃物为选自畜产粪尿、下水污泥、食物垃圾中的一种以上,上述高含水有机废弃物的水分含量为80%以上,上述城市垃圾包括纸类及塑料类。这是因为在减压步骤中通过减压实现低分子化的有机废弃物与随着膨胀而具有增大的比表面积的纸类及塑料类城市垃圾发生反应,从而将干燥的效率最大化,并且,包括作为石油类有机物质的塑料类城市垃圾,由此能够提高所生成的固体燃料的低位发热量。在上述城市垃圾中,纸类优选为50~55重量百分比,塑料类优选为40~45重量百分比。
并且,在上述废弃物混合步骤(a)中,更优选地,将上述高含水有机废弃物和城市垃圾以3.5~4:0.5~1的比例投入并进行混合。并且,更优选地,将上述高含水有机废弃物和城市垃圾以70~90%的填充率投入于上述反应器并进行混合。这是因为即使将所需废弃物以如上所述的高的填充率投入于反应器的内部,也可从反应器的外部供给高温高压的水蒸气而维持与饱和水蒸气的接触反应,因而能够将废弃物的处理容量最大,来提高反应的效率。
并且,在本发明中,上述水解步骤(b)为对上述反应器施加高温的蒸气,来加压上述有机废弃物和城市垃圾的混合物之后,通过在加压状态下进行搅拌,来使上述混合物水解的步骤,通过加压分解组成有机废弃物的物质并进行低分子化,且分解包含硫酸成分的恶臭成分来去除恶臭,并借助高温明显降低有机废弃物的含水率。此时,优选地,利用与上述反应器相连接的锅炉,来对上述反应器施加200~250℃的蒸气,使得反应器的内部压力成为20~25大气压后,进行搅拌来实现水解反应。图2示出了水的离子积([H+][OH-])的变化和介电常数的变化,如图2所示,在200~250℃温度下离子反应最活泼,与常温相比,呈现约1000倍以上的活性,且介电常数与常温相比降低至1/3~1/4水准,因此在离子之间产生电位差,从而能够增加有机物分解力。对此,在小于上述温度及压力范围的情况下,有机物的分解及恶臭的减少效果降低,从而不能获得所需的效果,且超过上述温度及压力范围的情况下,会导致能量损失。
并且,在本发明的上述步骤(b)中,利用与上述反应器相连接的锅炉来供给蒸气,直接与温度低的有机废弃物相接触并喷射,而无需变为高温水的过程,反应器内的有机废弃物与从锅炉供给的水蒸气相接触而发生物理化学反应,由此明显提高反应的效率。并且,如上所述,利用从外部供给的锅炉来供给蒸气,而不发生与高温水反应的现象,因此,即使填充于反应器的内部的废弃物的量增加,也可维持反应,从而能够将待处理的废弃物的混合物以达到反应器的70~90%的方式进行填充,来发生与水蒸气的接触反应。
并且,上述水解反应在Fe系的反应器的内部进行,因此借助Fe的催化作用,尤其,能够在反应器内饱和水蒸气所占的区域促进蛋白胨反应,从而能够明显提高反应的效率,且随着反应器的处理及运转,在反应器的内部形成1~2mm的有机膜,由此能够防止NaCl等引起的腐蚀。
并且,在本发明中,上述减压步骤(c)为排出上述反应器的内部的蒸气,来将反应器的内部快速减压并进行静置,从而将经过上述水解步骤(b)的有机废弃物低分子化,或者通过增大经过上述水解步骤(b)的城市垃圾的比表面积来使其破碎的步骤,对利用高温的蒸气加压的状态的反应物进行瞬间减压来增大体积,由此进行低分子化或破碎。通过这种减压步骤,作为原料的城市垃圾的体积瞬间膨胀而使比表面积增大,由此随着与含水有机物进行反应而干燥,能够相当缩短干燥时间,从而明显提高干燥的效率,优选地,以将上述反应器的内部的蒸气排出10~120秒钟来使上述反应器的内部压力成为0.9~1.1大气压的方式快速减压。
并且,本发明的特征在于,上述真空或差压步骤(d)为对上述反应器施加真空或差压条件,来去除经过上述减压步骤(c)的反应物的水分的步骤,优选地,利用与上述反应器相连接的真空泵,来对上述反应器施加10~15分钟的真空或差压条件,从而去除经过上述减压步骤(c)的反应物中所含有的水分的5~10%。
并且,本发明的特征在于,上述固体染料化步骤(e)为将经过上述步骤(d)的反应物进行自然干燥,来制备水分含量为10~20%的固体燃料的步骤,优选地,所制备的固体燃料的低位发热量为5000kcal/kg以上。
并且,作为另一实施方式,本发明涉及利用通过上述方法制备的固体燃料的热电联产系统。即,本发明可提供如下的热电联产系统,从上述高含水有机废弃物和城市垃圾制备固体燃料(垃圾衍生燃料(RDF)),并向上述垃圾衍生燃料专用燃烧器及锅炉供给上述固体燃料,来生产过热蒸气,借助利用上述过热蒸气的蒸汽发电系统生产电力。
以下,通过实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例
<实施例1>
制作分批式的具有Fe材质的5m3的大小的反应器,并且尽快向反应器投入含水率为80~85%的畜产粪尿3.5t和纸类城市垃圾(MSW)0.5~1t后,关闭了反应器上部的投入口。与投入结束同时,混合畜产粪尿和城市垃圾,并供给210℃温度的水蒸气,来使反应器的内部压力成为23atm。此时,所投入的饱和水蒸气或过热水蒸气在预先准备的反应器上部的水蒸气供给专用锅炉中在约3~5分钟内达到反应条件,从而中断了水蒸气的供给。以使所供给的水蒸气和对象废弃物之间发生物理化学反应的方式以10~15rpm的速度进行了搅拌。在反应进行期间,当成为预先设定的温度和压力以下的条件时,间歇性地供给饱和水蒸气或过热蒸气,来维持了210℃温度、23atm压力的气氛。根据处理对象物的物性,维持30~60分钟的上述状态,来充分发生基于水蒸气、处理对象有机物及Fe系的反应器的借助催化作用的蛋白胨反应。
然后,打开减压阀,并通过蒸气排出口瞬间排出水蒸气,直到2分钟内成为大气压(1大气压)为止,从而将上面的在反应过程中未分解的有机物、有机细胞或城市垃圾进行低分子化或破碎。低分子化或破碎结束后,在高温真空或差压条件下,为了去除反应器内的反应物的水分,利用外部的真空(差压)泵,来执行约10~15分钟的真空(差压)工序,从而去除了反应物内的所有水分的约5~10%。反应后所生成的生成物移向桨叶式自然干燥场后,进行自然干燥,由此生成了含水率为15%的最终固体燃料。
<比较例1>
利用上述实施例1的方法制备固体燃料,且以不添加城市垃圾(MSW)的方式制备了固体燃料。
<比较例2>
利用上述实施例1的方法制备固体燃料,且不经过加压后排出蒸气来瞬间快速减压的过程,来制备了固体燃料。
实验及结果
将未经过处理的高含水废弃物和比较例1及比较例2作为对照组,来测定上述实施例的基于固体燃料的制备时间(干燥时间)的含水量的变化,并将由此得到的结果示于下列表1中。
表1
干燥时间 | 高含水废弃物 | 实施例1 | 比较例1 | 比较例2 |
(小时) | (wt%) | (wt%) | (wt%) | (wt%) |
0 | 83 | 59 | 84 | 60 |
10 | 80 | 36 | 81 | 47 |
20 | 77 | 10 | 75 | 36 |
40 | 65 | 5 | 63 | 22 |
60 | 61 | 4 | 56 | 15 |
如表1所示,以不含有城市垃圾的方式进行处理的比较例1的情况下,呈现了与未处理的高含水废弃物几乎相同的干燥速度。判断为这是因为由于有机物质的低分子化及分子内水平的外部流出而成为凝胶状态的模样,使得只有凝胶状态的上部的水分蒸发,凝胶状态的下部的水分未蒸发而引起的。并且,未经过快速减压工序而处理的比较例2的情况下,确认到因比表面积的增加率小而对自然干燥时的干燥速度产生影响,且本发明的实施例1的情况下,在经过约20小时后,呈现10%左右的含水率,从而可确认到固体燃料的制备效率很高。
从上述结果可确认到,随着添加城市垃圾而经过快速减压及真空工序,含水量达到10%的时间缩短2倍以上。
并且,在上述实施例1及比较例2中所使用的城市垃圾性状的分析结果如下。
表2
并且,测定在上述本发明实施例1中制备的固体燃料和在比较例1中制备的固体燃料的发热量,根据测定结果可知,添加了城市垃圾的实施例1的情况下,呈现高约500kcal/kg的5000kcal/kg的平均发热量。即,判断为城市垃圾中所包含的50%以上的纸类和40%以上的塑料类在快速减压工序中提高比表面积,从而提高干燥速度,并且,能够借助作为上述石油类有机物质的塑料类提高固体生成物的发热量。将平均发热量示于下列表3中(单位:kcal/kg)。
表3
实施例1 | 比较例1 | 城市垃圾 | 污泥 |
5000 | 4500 | 4700 | 4300 |
像这样,本发明不局限于所记载的实施例,在不脱离本发明的思想及范围的情况下,能够进行各种修改及变形,这对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说是显而易见的。因此,这种修改例或变形例应属于本发明的发明要求保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种利用高含水有机废弃物制备固体燃料的方法,其特征在于,包括:
废弃物混合步骤(a),将高含水有机废弃物和城市垃圾投入于Fe系的反应器并进行混合;
水解步骤(b),对上述反应器施加高温的蒸气,来加压上述有机废弃物和城市垃圾的混合物之后,通过在加压状态下进行搅拌,来使上述混合物水解;
减压步骤(c),排出上述反应器的内部的蒸气,来将反应器的内部快速减压并进行静置,从而将经过上述水解步骤(b)的有机废弃物低分子化,或者通过增大经过上述水解步骤(b)的城市垃圾的比表面积来使其破碎;
真空或差压步骤(d),对上述反应器施加真空或差压条件,来去除经过上述减压步骤(c)的反应物的水分;以及
固体染料化步骤(e),将经过上述真空或差压步骤(d)的反应物进行自然干燥,来制备水分含量为10~20%的固体燃料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的利用高含水有机废弃物制备固体燃料的方法,其特征在于,在上述废弃物混合步骤(a)中,上述高含水有机废弃物为选自畜产粪尿、下水污泥、食物垃圾中的一种以上,上述高含水有机废弃物的水分含量为80%以上,上述城市垃圾包括纸类及塑料类。
3.根据权利要求2所述的利用高含水有机废弃物制备固体燃料的方法,其特征在于,在上述废弃物混合步骤(a)中,将上述高含水有机废弃物和城市垃圾以3.5~4:0.5~1的比例投入并进行混合。
4.根据权利要求2所述的利用高含水有机废弃物制备固体燃料的方法,其特征在于,在上述废弃物混合步骤(a)中,将上述高含水有机废弃物和城市垃圾以70~90%的填充率投入于上述Fe系的反应器并进行混合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的利用高含水有机废弃物制备固体燃料的方法,其特征在于,在上述水解步骤(b)中,利用与上述反应器相连接的锅炉,来对上述反应器施加200~250℃的蒸气,并加压上述有机废弃物和城市垃圾的混合物,使得反应器的内部压力成为20~25大气压。
6.根据权利要求1所述的利用高含水有机废弃物制备固体燃料的方法,其特征在于,在上述减压步骤(c)中,以将上述反应器的内部的蒸气排出10~120秒钟来使上述反应器的内部压力成为0.9~1.1大气压的方式快速减压。
7.根据权利要求1所述的利用高含水有机废弃物制备固体燃料的方法,其特征在于,在上述真空或差压步骤(d)中,利用与上述反应器相连接的真空泵,来对上述反应器施加10~15分钟的真空或差压条件,从而去除经过上述减压步骤(c)的反应物中所含有的水分的5~10%。
8.根据权利要求1所述的利用高含水有机废弃物制备固体燃料的方法,其特征在于,在上述固体染料化步骤(e)中制备的固体燃料的低位发热量为5000kcal/kg以上。
9.一种热电联产系统,其特征在于,向锅炉供给利用权利要求1至8中的任一项所述的利用高含水有机废弃物制备固体燃料的方法来制备的固体燃料来生产过热蒸气,并利用所生产的过热蒸气来生产电力。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ES2526716B1 (es) | 2015-11-17 |
US20150143809A1 (en) | 2015-05-28 |
RU2586332C1 (ru) | 2016-06-10 |
ES2526716A2 (es) | 2015-01-14 |
ES2526716R1 (es) | 2015-02-04 |
WO2013172661A1 (ko) | 2013-11-21 |
KR101313314B1 (ko) | 2013-09-30 |
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