CN104506066B - A kind of Miniature optical storage converter - Google Patents
A kind of Miniature optical storage converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN104506066B CN104506066B CN201510001599.5A CN201510001599A CN104506066B CN 104506066 B CN104506066 B CN 104506066B CN 201510001599 A CN201510001599 A CN 201510001599A CN 104506066 B CN104506066 B CN 104506066B
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006386 memory function Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
- H02M7/49—Combination of the output voltage waveforms of a plurality of converters
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- H02J3/385—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Miniature optical storage converter, object is the problem that solution shade causes distributed photovoltaic power generation systems generate electricity amount to decline.The present invention is made up of Technics of Power Electronic Conversion unit and control unit, and Technics of Power Electronic Conversion unit is made up of photovoltaic conversion module, high frequency transformer and batteries conversion module; Photovoltaic conversion module is by photovoltaic lateral capacitance C
pV, 2 power switch pipe, the first electric capacity C1 form; Batteries conversion module is by batteries lateral capacitance C
bAT, 4 power switch pipe and DC bus lateral capacitance C
lINEcomposition; Control unit is made up of batteries charge and discharge control module, maximal power tracing module, multiplier, 2 voltage sampling apparatus, 2 current sampling devices.The invention solves the problem that shade causes distributed photovoltaic power generation systems generate electricity amount to decline, and use simple analog circuit to realize the maximal power tracing of photovoltaic cell component and the charge and discharge control of batteries, reduce cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of power systems, in particular, relate to a kind of miniature photovoltaic energy storage converter.
Background technology
Solar energy power generating because it is clean, safety, facility, the feature such as efficient, abundant, extensive, the new industry having become countries in the world common concern and given priority to, becomes the most potential regenerative resource.
Recent research shows, causes the inconsistent reason of photovoltaic cell component characteristic to have a lot, and comprising manufacturing factor and environmental factor, factor of wherein manufacturing mainly comprises: production technology, self decay and degree of aging etc.; Environmental factor mainly comprises: cloud layer, fallen leaves, temperature, mounted angle and azimuth etc.For these problems, researcher proposes a kind of distributed photovoltaic power generation system as shown in Figure 1 on the basis of centralized maximal power tracing.As shown in Figure 1, this system by N number of DC/DC converter (111,112 ... 11N), N block photovoltaic cell component (121,122 ... 12N) and centralized inverter 13 form.In this system, N number of DC/DC converter series connection forms DC/DC converter series connection group, because every block photovoltaic cell component all realizes conversion and the maximal power tracing of voltage by independent DC/DC converter, the energy output of photovoltaic generating system thus effectively can be improved.
But distributed photovoltaic power generation system as shown in Figure 1 still also exists some problems, when occurring shade, because DC/DC converter is connected in series in electricity generation system, thus the output current of DC/DC converter needs to be consistent.When the overall output voltage of DC/DC converter series connection group is constant, the output voltage of the DC/DC converter that shade blocks declines, and the DC/DC converter output voltage that shadow-free blocks raises.The maximum power point that the rising of the DC/DC converter output voltage that shadow-free blocks will cause it to depart from photovoltaic cell component, this will cause the loss of energy.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to solve: in distributed photovoltaic power generation system announced in the introduction, the output state of the DC/DC converter that shade blocks can have influence on the output state of the DC/DC converter that shadow-free blocks, thus causes the problem that distributed photovoltaic power generation systems generate electricity amount declines.For the problems referred to above, the invention provides a kind of Miniature optical storage converter.
Miniature optical storage converter designed by the present invention can be applicable in distributed photovoltaic power generation system as shown in Figure 2.As shown in Figure 2, Miniature optical storage converter of the present invention is connected with photovoltaic cell component by photovoltaic cell component interface (PV+, PV-) in use, be connected with batteries by batteries interface (BAT+, BAT-), be connected with DC bus by DC bus interface (LINE+, LINE-).The series connection of N number of Miniature optical storage converter forms Miniature optical storage converter series connection group.When there is shade because cloud layer, fallen leaves etc. block and cause its power output to decline in photovoltaic cell component, batteries can compensate rapidly its underpower, with the overall power output that stable Miniature optical stores up, make the independent operating of the work of the intrasystem each Miniature optical of distributed photovoltaic power generation as shown in Figure 2 storage converter, independently controlled, thus decrease energy loss, improve energy conversion efficiency.
Miniature optical storage converter of the present invention is made up of Technics of Power Electronic Conversion unit and control unit.Power switch pipe described in the present invention is N channel-type mos field effect transistor (N-MOSFET), the first end of power switch pipe is the grid of N-MOSFET, power switch pipe second end is the drain electrode of N-MOSFET, and power switch pipe the 3rd end is the source electrode of N-MOSFET.
Described photovoltaic lateral capacitance C
pV, batteries lateral capacitance C
bAT, DC bus lateral capacitance C
lINEfor tantalum electrochemical capacitor or alminium electrolytic condenser, select to choose according to the size of the size of the voltage signal magnitude at each electric capacity two ends and ripple peak-to-peak value thereof and frequency during electric capacity.Namely equation is met:
Wherein V
1for electric capacity (comprises C
pV, C
bAT, C
lINE) voltage signal average value, the V of both end voltage
r1for V
1the size of middle ripple, f
r1for the rated power that the size of voltage ripple frequency, P are Miniature optical storage converters.C
pVor C
bATor C
lINEwithstand voltage should be 1.2V
1.
Technics of Power Electronic Conversion unit is made up of photovoltaic conversion module, high frequency transformer T1 and batteries conversion module.
Photovoltaic conversion module is by photovoltaic lateral capacitance C
pV, the second power switch pipe Q2, the first power switch pipe Q1 and the first electric capacity C1 form.
Photovoltaic lateral capacitance C
pVpositive pole be both connected to second end of the second power switch pipe Q2, be connected with the anode (PV+) of photovoltaic cell component interface again; Photovoltaic lateral capacitance C
pVthe 3rd end of the first power switch pipe Q1 that had both been connected to of negative pole, be connected with the negative terminal (PV-) of photovoltaic cell component interface again.
Second power switch pipe Q2 second end had both been connected to photovoltaic lateral capacitance C
pVpositive pole, be connected with the Same Name of Ends of high frequency transformer T1 armature winding again, the second power switch pipe Q2 the 3rd end is connected with the other end of the first electric capacity C1.
One end of first electric capacity C1 is not only connected to second end of the first power switch pipe Q1 but also is connected with the different name end of high frequency transformer T1 armature winding, and the other end is connected with the second power switch pipe Q2 the 3rd end.
Second end of the first power switch pipe Q1 had both been connected to the different name end of high frequency transformer T1 armature winding, was connected again with the first electric capacity C1.The three-terminal link of the first power switch pipe Q1 is to photovoltaic lateral capacitance C
pVnegative pole.
Batteries conversion module is by batteries lateral capacitance C
bAT, the 3rd power switch pipe Q3, the 4th power switch pipe Q4, the 5th power switch pipe Q5, the 6th power switch pipe Q6 and DC bus lateral capacitance C
lINEcomposition.
Batteries lateral capacitance C
bATpositive pole be both connected to second end of the 3rd power switch pipe Q3, be connected with the anode (BAT+) of batteries interface again; Batteries lateral capacitance C
bATthe 3rd end of the 4th power switch pipe Q4 that had both been connected to of negative pole, be connected with the negative terminal (BAT-) of batteries interface again.
3rd end of the 3rd power switch pipe Q3 had both been connected to second end of the 4th power switch pipe Q4, was connected again with the Same Name of Ends of high frequency transformer T1 secondary winding; Second end of the 3rd power switch pipe Q3 is connected to batteries lateral capacitance C
bATpositive pole.
Second end of the 4th power switch pipe Q4 had both been connected to the 3rd end of the 3rd power switch pipe Q3, was connected again with the Same Name of Ends of high frequency transformer T1 secondary winding; The three-terminal link of the 4th power switch pipe Q4 is to batteries lateral capacitance C
bATnegative pole.
Second end of the 6th power switch pipe Q6 had both been connected to the 3rd end of the 4th power switch pipe Q4, again with DC bus lateral capacitance C
lINEnegative pole be connected; 3rd end of the 6th power switch pipe Q6 had both been connected to the 3rd end of the 5th power switch pipe Q5, was connected again with the different name end of the secondary winding of high frequency transformer T1.
Second end of the 5th power switch pipe Q5 is connected to DC bus lateral capacitance C
lINEanode; 3rd end of the 5th power switch pipe Q5 had both received the different name end of high frequency transformer T1 secondary winding, was connected again with the 3rd end of the 6th power switch pipe Q6.
DC bus lateral capacitance C
lINEpositive pole be both connected to second end of the 5th power switch pipe Q5, be connected with the anode LINE+ of DC bus interface again, DC bus lateral capacitance C
lINEnegative pole be both connected to second end of the 6th power switch pipe Q6, be connected with the negative terminal LINE-of DC bus again.
Described high frequency transformer T1 is double winding flyback transformer, and elementary first winding of high frequency transformer T1 and the number of turn of secondary winding should according to maximum power P of the present invention
1, the operating frequency f of high frequency transformer and the size of high frequency transformer output voltage and input voltage determine.
Wherein
The number of turn N of armature winding
p:
Wherein V
2the input voltage of elementary first winding of high frequency transformer, f
sfor the operating frequency of high frequency transformer, B
wmagnetic core work intensity, A
efor the effective work area of magnetic core, B
wwith A
etwo and maximum power P
1relevant parameter, occurrence is by checking that the databook of selected core production producer is determined.
Secondary winding turns N
s:
Wherein V
3the voltage at high frequency transformer T1 secondary winding two ends.
The Same Name of Ends of high frequency transformer T1 armature winding is connected to second end of the second power switch pipe Q2, and the different name end of armature winding had both been connected to second end of the first power switch pipe Q1, was connected again with one end of the first electric capacity C1; The different name end of the secondary winding of high frequency transformer T1 had both been connected to the 3rd end of the 5th power switch pipe Q5, was connected again with the 3rd end of the 6th power switch pipe Q6.The Same Name of Ends of the secondary winding of high frequency transformer T1 had both been connected to second end of the 4th power switch pipe Q4, was connected again with the 3rd end of the 3rd power switch pipe Q3.
Described control unit is by batteries charge and discharge control module, maximal power tracing module, multiplier, the first voltage sampling apparatus V
1sense, the first current sampling device I
1sense, the second voltage sampling apparatus V
2sense, the second current sampling device I
2sensecomposition.
First sampling apparatus V
1sense, the first current sampling device I
1sense, the second voltage sampling apparatus V
2sense, the second current sampling device I
2sensebe the general-purpose device in this professional domain, the present invention to them also without particular/special requirement.
Wherein, batteries charge and discharge control module by controller, PI controller, the first comparator, the second comparator, the first pulse width modulator, the first not gate, the second not gate, first and door, second and door form.
Maximal power tracing module is made up of differentiator, the second pulse width modulator, Dead band controller, the 3rd not gate.
Multiplier, differentiator, comparator (comprising the first comparator, the second comparator), PI controller are the general-purpose device in this professional domain, the present invention to them without particular/special requirement.Described pulse width modulator (comprising the first pulse width modulator, the second pulse width modulator) is single-input double-output device.The pulse-width signal frequency that selected pulse width modulator exports should be not less than the operating frequency f of high frequency transformer T1.
Described not gate (comprising the first not gate, the second not gate, the 3rd not gate); With door (comprise first with door, second and door) be logical device, there is logical operation capability.When selecting, its requirement for input and output way should be met, wherein, not gate is single-input single-output device, be triple input single output device with door.
Described Dead band controller is the device with default Dead Time function, and Dead Time is preset as 0.02/f in the present invention, and f is the operating frequency of high frequency transformer T1.
Multiplier and the first voltage sampling apparatus V
1sense, the first current sampling device I
1sense, the second comparator, differentiator be connected, by the photovoltaic output voltage signal V received
pV,photovoltaic output current signal I
pVconvert output power of photovoltaic module signal P to
pV.
Described controller is the signal processor with memory function, the C51 series monolithic, AVR single chip etc. of such as atmel corp.
Controller is connected with the first comparator, PI controller, the second comparator.Charging and discharging currents reference signal I is preset with in controller
ref, charge reference voltage signal V
bATmin, electric discharge reference power signal P
pVmin.
Wherein, charging and discharging currents reference signal I
refnumerically meet equation I
ref=0.3C, C be the present invention connect the capacity of batteries; Charge reference voltage signal V
bATminnumerically meet equation V
bATminvalue=0.7V
bATmax, V
bATmaxbe the present invention connect the maximum of batteries output voltage; Electric discharge reference power signal P
pVminnumerically meet equation P
pVminvalue=0.2P
pVmax, P
pVmaxthat photovoltaic cell component that the present invention connects is at intensity of illumination (1000W/m
2) maximum power that can export.
PI controller and the second current sampling device I
2sense, controller be connected.An input of PI controller is connected with the reference current output of controller, receives the discharge and recharge reference current signal I that controller exports
ref, another input of PI controller is through the second current sampling device I
2sensebe connected to batteries port (BAT-); The output of PI controller is connected to the input of the first pulse width modulator.The discharge and recharge reference current signal I that controller exports by PI controller
refwith the batteries charging and discharging currents signal I that the second sampling apparatus exports
bATconvert current error signal to, and current error signal is outputted to the first pulse width modulator.
First pulse width modulator is connected with door with door, second with PI controller, first, converts the current error signal that PI controller passes over to pulse-width signal.First pulse width modulator is the device of single-input double-output.The input of the first pulse width modulator is connected with the output of PI controller, and the pulse-width signal that the output of the first pulse width modulator exports is divided into two-way: a road outputs to the 3rd input of first and door; Another road outputs to the first input end of second and door.
First comparator and controller, the 6th power switch pipe Q6, the second not gate, first and door, the second voltage sampling apparatus V
2sensebe connected, by charge reference voltage signal V
bATminwith accumulator battery voltage signal V
bATcompare, the results conversion is relatively become the 6th pwm signal PWM6.Work as V
bAT> V
bATmintime, the 6th pwm signal PWM6 is zero voltage signal, works as V
bAT< V
bATmintime, the 6th pwm signal PWM6 is positive voltage signal.The positive input terminal of the first comparator is connected with the reference voltage output terminal of controller, and receive the charge reference voltage signal that controller exports, the negative input end of the first comparator is through the second voltage sampling apparatus V
2sensebe connected to batteries port (BAT+), receive the second voltage sampling apparatus V
2sensethe accumulator battery voltage signal V exported
bAT.The 6th pwm signal PWM6 that the output of the first comparator exports is divided into three tunnels: a road outputs to the first input end of first and door; One tunnel is connected with the first end of the 6th power switch pipe Q6, the 6th pwm signal PWM6 exported is delivered to the first end of the 6th power switch pipe Q6, controls the break-make of the 6th power switch pipe Q6; One tunnel outputs to the input of the second not gate.
Second comparator is connected with door, the first not gate, the 5th power switch pipe Q5 with controller, multiplier, second, and will discharge reference power signal P
pVminwith output power of photovoltaic module signal P
pVcompare, the results conversion is relatively become the 5th pwm signal PWM5.Work as P
pV> P
pVmintime, the 5th pwm signal PWM5 is zero voltage signal, works as P
pV< P
pVmintime, the 5th pwm signal PWM5 is positive voltage signal.The positive input terminal of the second comparator is connected with the reference power output of controller, receives the electric discharge reference power signal P that controller exports
pVmin, the negative input end of the second comparator is connected with the output of multiplier, receives the output power of photovoltaic module signal P that multiplier exports
pV.The 5th pwm signal PWM5 that the output of the second comparator exports is divided into three tunnels: a road outputs to the second input of second and door; One tunnel outputs to the first end of the 5th power switch pipe Q5, controls the break-make of the 5th power switch pipe Q5; One tunnel outputs to the input of the first not gate.
First not gate is connected with door with the second comparator, first, and the 5th pwm signal PWM5 passed over by the second comparator carries out inverse, obtains the second input that the first non-gate signal outputs to first and door.
Second not gate is connected with door with the first comparator, second, and the 6th pwm signal PWM6 passed over by the first comparator carries out inverse, obtains the 3rd input that the second non-gate signal outputs to second and door.
First is connected with the first comparator, the first not gate, the first pulse width modulator, the 4th power switch pipe Q4 with door, carrying out receiving and computing from the 6th pwm signal PWM6 of the first comparator, the pulse-width signal from the first pulse width modulator, the first non-gate signal from the first not gate, obtaining the 4th pwm signal PWM4.First is the device of triple input single output with door: first input end is connected with the first comparator output terminal, and the second input is connected with the output of the first not gate, and the 3rd input is connected with the output of the first pulse width modulator.First is connected with the first end of the 4th power switch pipe Q4 with the output of door, the 4th pwm signal PWM4 is delivered to the first end of the 4th power switch pipe Q4, controls the break-make of the 4th power switch pipe Q4.
Second is connected with the second comparator, the second not gate, the first pulse width modulator, the 3rd power switch pipe Q3 with door, by the 5th pwm signal PWM5 from the second comparator received, from the second not gate the second non-gate signal, carry out and computing from the pulse-width signal of the first pulse width modulator, obtain the 3rd pwm signal PWM3.Second is the device of triple input single output with door: first input end is connected with the output of the first pulse width modulator, and the second input is connected with the output of the second comparator, and the 3rd input is connected with the output of two not gates.Second is connected with the first end of the 3rd power switch pipe Q3 with the output of door, the 3rd pwm signal PWM3 exported is delivered to the first end of the 3rd power switch pipe Q3, controls the break-make of the 3rd power switch pipe Q3.
Differentiator is connected with the second pulse width modulator with multiplier, by the output power of photovoltaic module signal P received
pVdifferentiate, obtain photovoltaic power differential signal.
Second pulse width modulator is connected with differentiator, Dead band controller, the first power switch pipe Q1, is modulated by the photovoltaic power differential signal received, and obtains the first pwm signal PWM1.Second pulse width modulator is the device of single-input double-output.The input of the second pulse width modulator is connected with the output of differentiator, and the first pwm signal PWM1 that the output of the second pulse width modulator exports is divided into two-way: a road is connected with the first end of the first power switch pipe Q1, controls the break-make of the first power switch pipe Q1; One tunnel outputs to the input of Dead band controller.
Dead band controller is connected with the second pulse width modulator, the 3rd not gate, converts the first pwm signal PWM1 received to a PWM dead zone function signal, and the first dead band pwm control signal is outputted to the 3rd not gate;
3rd not gate is connected with the second power switch pipe Q2 with Dead band controller, the first dead band pwm control signal received is carried out inverse, obtains the second pwm signal PWM2.Wherein, the 3rd not gate is the device of single-input single-output.The input of the 3rd not gate is connected with the output of Dead band controller, the output of the 3rd not gate is connected with the first end of the second power switch pipe Q2, the the second pwm signal PWM2 exported is outputted to the first end of the second power switch pipe Q2, control the break-make of the second power switch pipe Q2.
The course of work of Miniature optical storage converter is:
The photovoltaic output voltage signal V that control unit inputs according to input
pV, photovoltaic output current signal I
pV, batteries terminal voltage V
bAT, batteries port current I
bATunder judging that what mode of operation Miniature optical storage converter should be in.
In particular, multiplier is by V
pVand I
pVbe multiplied and obtain photovoltaic power output signal P
pV, and by P
pVoutput to the negative terminal of the second comparator and the input of differentiator.Differentiator converts photovoltaic power signal to photovoltaic power differential signal, and photovoltaic power differential signal is sent to the input of the second pulse width modulator.The photovoltaic power differential signal received is modulated by the second pulse width modulator, obtains the first pwm signal, and the first pwm signal PWM1 is sent to the first end of the first power switch pipe Q1, controls the break-make of the first power switch pipe Q1.Meanwhile, the first pwm signal PWM1 is sent to Dead band controller by the second pulse width modulator.Dead band controller converts the first pwm signal received to the first pwm signal with Dead Time, and the first pwm signal PWM1 with Dead Time is delivered to the 3rd not gate.3rd non-goalkeeper carries out inverse with the first pwm signal PWM1 of Dead Time and obtains the second pwm signal PWM2, and the second pwm signal PWM2 is delivered to the first end of the second power switch pipe Q2, controls the break-make of the second power switch pipe Q2.Thus achieve Miniature optical storage converter to the maximal power tracing of connected photovoltaic cell component under current light intensity and acquisition.
The photovoltaic power output signal P that second comparator will receive from multiplier
pVwith the photovoltaic power reference signal P received from controller
pVmincompare, the result is relatively outputted to second and the second input of door and the first end of the 5th power switch pipe Q5.Work as P
pV> P
pVmintime, the second comparator exports as zero voltage signal, and thus second is also zero with the Output rusults of door, the state that the 5th power switch pipe Q5 is in the state of shutoff, the 3rd power switch pipe Q3 is in shutoff.Work as P
pV< P
pVmintime, the second comparator exports as positive voltage signal, and thus the 5th power switch pipe Q5 is in the state that state, the 4th power switch pipe opened are in shutoff.
The batteries terminal voltage V that first comparator will receive from batteries interface anode (BAT+) through voltage sampling apparatus
bATwith the charge reference voltage V received from controller
bATmincompare, the result is relatively outputted to first and the second input of door and the first end of the 6th power switch pipe Q6.Work as V
bAT> V
bATmintime, the first comparator exports as zero voltage signal, and thus first is also zero with the Output rusults of door.Thus, the state that the 6th power switch pipe Q6 is in the state of shutoff, the 4th power switch pipe Q4 is in shutoff.Work as V
bAT< V
bATmintime, the second comparator exports as positive voltage signal, and thus the 6th power switch pipe Q6 is in the state opened, and the 3rd power switch pipe Q3 is in the state of shutoff.
The batteries port current I that PI controller will receive from batteries interface negative terminal (BAT-) through current sampling device
bATwith the discharge and recharge reference current I received from controller
refconvert error current signal to, and error current signal is sent to the first pulse width modulator.The discharge and recharge pwm signal that the error current signal received converts to by the first pulse width modulator, and discharge and recharge PWM is sent to first with the 3rd input of door and second and the first input end of door.
Work as P
pV< P
pVminand V
bAT> V
bATmintime, the output of the first comparator is no-voltage; The zero point that second non-goalkeeper first comparator exports presses the positive voltage converted to, and this positive voltage is outputted to the 3rd input of second and door.Second comparator exports as positive voltage.Thus, now, second exports the 3rd pwm signal PWM3 with door, and the 3rd pwm signal PWM3 is sent to the first end of the 3rd power switch pipe Q3.Thus achieve Miniature optical storage converter carries out constant-current discharge control to connected batteries.
Work as P
pV< P
pVminand V
bAT< V
bATmintime, the output of the second comparator is positive voltage; The zero point that first non-goalkeeper second comparator exports presses the positive voltage converted to, and this positive voltage is outputted to the second input of first and door.First comparator exports as positive voltage.Thus, now, first exports the 4th pwm signal PWM4 with door, and the 4th pwm signal PWM4 is sent to the first end of the 4th power switch pipe Q4.Thus achieve Miniature optical storage converter carries out constant current charge control to connected batteries.
Adopt the present invention can reach following technique effect:
1, the present invention uses simple analog circuit to realize the maximal power tracing of photovoltaic cell component and the charge and discharge control of batteries, reduces cost.
2, by the cooperation control between batteries and photovoltaic cell component, the power output of the photovoltaic battery panel having shade to block in stable string joint group, make other photovoltaic battery panels not being subject to shade impact be operated in its maximum power point (MPP) always, and it is autonomous completely controlled to realize every block photovoltaic battery panel and battery, reduce energy loss, improve energy conversion efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
A kind of distributed photovoltaic power generation system schematic that Fig. 1, background technology are announced;
A kind of distributed photovoltaic power generation system application scenarios schematic diagram adopting Miniature optical to store up converter that Fig. 2, the present invention propose;
Fig. 3, Miniature optical of the present invention storage converter building-block of logic.
Embodiment
Miniature optical storage converter of the present invention is made up of Technics of Power Electronic Conversion unit 1 and control unit 2.Power switch pipe described in the present invention is N channel-type mos field effect transistor (N-MOSFET), the first end of power switch pipe is the grid of N-MOSFET, power switch pipe second end is the drain electrode of N-MOSFET, and power switch pipe the 3rd end is the source electrode of N-MOSFET.
Described photovoltaic lateral capacitance C
pV, batteries lateral capacitance C
bAT, DC bus lateral capacitance C
lINEfor tantalum electrochemical capacitor or alminium electrolytic condenser, select to choose according to the size of the size of the voltage signal magnitude at each electric capacity two ends and ripple peak-to-peak value thereof and frequency during electric capacity.Namely equation is met:
Wherein V
1for electric capacity (comprises C
pV, C
bAT, C
lINE) voltage signal average value, the V of both end voltage
r1for V
1the size of middle ripple, f
r1for the rated power that the size of voltage ripple frequency, P are Miniature optical storage converters.C
pVor C
bATor C
lINEwithstand voltage should be 1.2V
1.
Technics of Power Electronic Conversion unit 1 is made up of photovoltaic conversion module 1a, high frequency transformer and batteries conversion module 1b.
Photovoltaic conversion module 1a is by photovoltaic lateral capacitance C
pV, the second power switch pipe Q2, the first power switch pipe Q1 and the first electric capacity C1 form.
Photovoltaic lateral capacitance C
pVpositive pole be both connected to second end of the second power switch pipe Q2, be connected with the anode (PV+) of photovoltaic cell component interface again; Photovoltaic lateral capacitance C
pVthe 3rd end of the first power switch pipe Q1 that had both been connected to of negative pole, be connected with the negative terminal (PV-) of photovoltaic cell component interface again.
Second power switch pipe Q2 second end had both been connected to photovoltaic lateral capacitance C
pVpositive pole, be connected with the Same Name of Ends of high frequency transformer armature winding again, the second power switch pipe Q2 the 3rd end is connected with one end of the first electric capacity C1.
One end of first electric capacity C1 is not only connected to second end of the first power switch pipe Q1 but also is connected with the different name end of high frequency transformer armature winding, and the other end is connected with the second power switch pipe Q2 the 3rd end.
Second end of the first power switch pipe Q1 had both been connected to the different name end of high frequency transformer armature winding, was connected again with the first electric capacity C1.The three-terminal link of the first power switch pipe Q1 is to photovoltaic lateral capacitance C
pVnegative pole.
Batteries conversion module 1b is by batteries lateral capacitance C
bAT, the 3rd power switch pipe Q3, the 4th power switch pipe Q4, the 5th power switch pipe Q5, the 6th power switch pipe Q6 and DC bus lateral capacitance C
lINEcomposition.
Batteries lateral capacitance C
bATpositive pole be both connected to second end of the 3rd power switch pipe Q3, be connected with the anode (BAT+) of batteries interface again; Batteries lateral capacitance C
bATthe 3rd end of the 4th power switch pipe Q4 that had both been connected to of negative pole, be connected with the negative terminal (BAT-) of batteries interface again.
3rd end of the 3rd power switch pipe Q3 had both been connected to second end of the 4th power switch pipe Q4, was connected again with the Same Name of Ends of high frequency transformer secondary winding; Second end of the 3rd power switch pipe Q3 is connected to batteries lateral capacitance C
bATpositive pole.
Second end of the 4th power switch pipe Q4 had both been connected to the 3rd end of the 3rd power switch pipe Q3, was connected again with the Same Name of Ends of high frequency transformer secondary winding; The three-terminal link of the 4th power switch pipe Q4 is to batteries lateral capacitance C
bATnegative pole.
Second end of the 6th power switch pipe Q6 had both been connected to the 3rd end of the 4th power switch pipe Q4, again with DC bus lateral capacitance C
lINEnegative pole be connected; 3rd end of the 6th power switch pipe Q6 had both been connected to the 3rd end of the 5th power switch pipe Q5, was connected again with the different name end of the secondary winding of high frequency transformer.
Second end of the 5th power switch pipe Q5 is connected to DC bus lateral capacitance C
lINEanode; 3rd end of the 5th power switch pipe Q5 had both received the different name end of high frequency transformer secondary winding, was connected again with the 3rd end of the 6th power switch pipe Q6.
DC bus lateral capacitance C
lINEpositive pole be both connected to second end of the 6th power switch pipe Q6, be connected with the anode (LINE+) of DC bus interface again, DC bus lateral capacitance C
lINEnegative pole be both connected to second end of the 5th power switch pipe Q5, be connected with the negative terminal (LINE-) of DC bus again.
Described high frequency transformer is double winding flyback transformer, and elementary first winding of high frequency transformer and the number of turn of secondary winding should according to maximum power P of the present invention
1, the operating frequency f of high frequency transformer and the size of high frequency transformer output voltage and input voltage determine.
Wherein
The number of turn N of armature winding
p:
Wherein V
2the input voltage of elementary first winding of high frequency transformer, f
sfor the operating frequency of high frequency transformer, B
wmagnetic core work intensity, A
efor the effective work area of magnetic core, B
wwith A
etwo and maximum power P
1relevant parameter, occurrence is by checking that the databook of selected core production producer is determined.
Secondary winding turns N
s:
Wherein V
3the voltage at high frequency transformer secondary winding two ends.
The Same Name of Ends of high frequency transformer armature winding is connected to second end of the second power switch pipe Q2, and the different name end of armature winding had both been connected to second end of the first power switch pipe Q1, was connected again with one end of the first electric capacity C1; The different name end of the secondary winding of high frequency transformer had both been connected to the 3rd end of the 5th power switch pipe Q5, was connected again with the 3rd end of the 6th power switch pipe Q6.The Same Name of Ends of the secondary winding of high frequency transformer had both been connected to second end of the 4th power switch pipe Q4, was connected again with the 3rd end of the 3rd power switch pipe Q3.
Described control unit 2 is by batteries charge and discharge control module (2a), maximal power tracing module 2b, multiplier 100, first voltage sampling apparatus V
1sense, the first current sampling device I
1sense, the second voltage sampling apparatus V
2sense, the second current sampling device I
2sensecomposition.
Wherein, batteries charge and discharge control module (2a) by controller 900, PI controller 300, first comparator 401, second comparator 402, first pulse width modulator 701, first not gate 501, second not gate 502, first and door 601, second and door 602 form.
Maximal power tracing module 2b is made up of differentiator 200, second pulse width modulator 702, Dead band controller 800, the 3rd not gate 503.
Multiplier 100, differentiator 200, comparator (comprising the first comparator 401, second comparator 402), PI controller 300 are the general-purpose device in this professional domain, the present invention to them without particular/special requirement.Described pulse width modulator (comprising the first pulse width modulator 701, second pulse width modulator 702) is single-input double-output device.The pulse-width signal frequency that selected pulse width modulator exports should be not less than the operating frequency f of high frequency transformer.
Described not gate (comprising the first not gate 501, second not gate 502, the 3rd not gate 503); With door (comprise first with door 601, second and door 602) be logical device, there is logical operation capability.When selecting, its requirement for input and output way should be met, wherein, not gate is single-input single-output device, be triple input single output device with door.
Described Dead band controller 800 is for having the device of default Dead Time function, and Dead Time is preset as 0.02/f in the present invention, and f is the operating frequency of high frequency transformer.
Multiplier 100 and the first voltage sampling apparatus V
1sense, the first current sampling device I
1sense, the second comparator 402, differentiator 200 be connected, by the photovoltaic output voltage signal V received
pV,photovoltaic output current signal I
pVconvert output power of photovoltaic module signal P to
pV.
Described controller 900 for having the signal processor of memory function, the C51 series monolithic, AVR single chip etc. of such as atmel corp.
Controller 900 is connected with the first comparator 401, PI controller 300, second comparator 402.Charging and discharging currents reference signal I is preset with in controller 900
ref, charge reference voltage signal V
bATmin, electric discharge reference power signal P
pVmin.Wherein, charging and discharging currents reference signal I
refnumerically meet equation I
ref=0.3C, C be the present invention connect the capacity of batteries; Charge reference voltage signal V
bATminnumerically meet equation V
bATminvalue=0.7V
bATmax, V
bATmaxbe the present invention connect the maximum of batteries output voltage; Electric discharge reference power signal P
pVminnumerically meet equation P
pVminvalue=0.2P
pVmax, P
pVmaxthat photovoltaic cell component that the present invention connects is at intensity of illumination (1000W/m
2) maximum power that can export.
PI controller 300 and the second current sampling device I
2sense, controller 900 is connected.An input of PI controller 300 is connected with the reference current output of controller 900, receives the discharge and recharge reference current signal I that controller exports
ref, another input of PI controller 300 is through the second current sampling device I
2sensebe connected to batteries port (BAT-); The output of PI controller 300 is connected to the input of the first pulse width modulator 701.The discharge and recharge reference current signal I that controller 900 exports by PI controller 300
refwith the batteries charging and discharging currents signal I that the second sampling apparatus exports
bATconvert current error signal to, and current error signal is outputted to the first pulse width modulator 701.
First pulse width modulator 701 is connected with door 602 with door 601, second with PI controller 300, first, converts the current error signal that PI controller passes over to pulse-width signal.First pulse width modulator 701 is devices of single-input double-output.The input of the first pulse width modulator 701 is connected with the output of PI controller 300, and the pulse-width signal that the output of the first pulse width modulator 701 exports is divided into two-way: a road outputs to the 3rd input of first and door 601; Another road outputs to the first input end of second and door 602.
First comparator 401 and controller 900, the 6th power switch pipe Q6, the second not gate 502, first and door 601, second voltage sampling apparatus V
2sensebe connected, by charge reference voltage signal V
bATminwith accumulator battery voltage signal V
bATcompare, the results conversion is relatively become the 6th pwm signal PWM6.Work as V
bAT> V
bATmintime, the 6th pwm signal PWM6 is zero voltage signal, works as V
bAT< V
bATmintime, the 6th pwm signal PWM6 is positive voltage signal.The positive input terminal of the first comparator 401 is connected with the reference voltage output terminal of controller 900, and receive the charge reference voltage signal that controller exports, the negative input end of the first comparator 401 is through the second voltage sampling apparatus V
2sensebe connected to batteries port (BAT+), receive the second voltage sampling apparatus V
2sensethe accumulator battery voltage signal V exported
bAT.The 6th pwm signal PWM6 that the output of the first comparator 401 exports is divided into three tunnels: a road outputs to the first input end of first and door 601; One tunnel is connected with the first end of the 6th power switch pipe Q6, the 6th pwm signal PWM6 exported is delivered to the first end of the 6th power switch pipe Q6, controls the break-make of the 6th power switch pipe Q6; One tunnel outputs to the input of the second not gate 502.
Second comparator 402 is connected with door 602, first not gate 501, the 5th power switch pipe Q5 with controller 900, multiplier 100, second, and will discharge reference power signal P
pVminwith output power of photovoltaic module signal P
pVcompare, the results conversion is relatively become the 5th pwm signal PWM5.Work as P
pV> P
pVmintime, the 5th pwm signal PWM5 is zero voltage signal, works as P
pV< P
pVmintime, the 5th pwm signal PWM5 is positive voltage signal.The positive input terminal of the second comparator 402 is connected with the reference power output of controller 900, receives the electric discharge reference power signal P that controller exports
pVmin, the negative input end of the second comparator 402 is connected with the output of multiplier 100, receives the output power of photovoltaic module signal P that multiplier 100 exports
pV.The 5th pwm signal PWM5 that the output of the second comparator 402 exports is divided into three tunnels: a road outputs to the second input of second and door 602; One tunnel outputs to the first end of the 5th power switch pipe Q5, controls the break-make of the 5th power switch pipe Q5; One tunnel outputs to the input of the first not gate 501.
First not gate 501 is connected with door 601 with the second comparator 402, first, and the 5th pwm signal PWM5 passed over by the second comparator 402 carries out inverse, obtains the second input that the first non-gate signal outputs to first and door 601.
Second not gate 502 is connected with door 602 with the first comparator 401, second, and the 6th pwm signal PWM6 passed over by the first comparator 401 carries out inverse, obtains the 3rd input that the second non-gate signal outputs to second and door 602.
First is connected with the first comparator 401, first not gate 501, first pulse width modulator 701, the 4th power switch pipe Q4 with door 601, by receiving the 6th pwm signal PWM6 from the first comparator 401, the pulse-width signal from the first pulse width modulator 701, carrying out and computing from the first non-gate signal of the first not gate 501, obtain the 4th pwm signal PWM4.First is devices of triple input single output with door 601: first input end is connected with the first comparator 401 output, and the second input is connected with the output of the first not gate 501, and the 3rd input is connected with the output of the first pulse width modulator 701.First is connected with the first end of the 4th power switch pipe Q4 with the output of door 601, the 4th pwm signal PWM4 is delivered to the first end of the 4th power switch pipe Q4, controls the break-make of the 4th power switch pipe Q4.
Second is connected with the second comparator 402, second not gate 502, first pulse width modulator 701, the 3rd power switch pipe Q3 with door 602, by the 5th pwm signal PWM5 from the second comparator 402 received, from the second not gate the second non-gate signal, carry out and computing from the pulse-width signal of the first pulse width modulator 701, obtain the 3rd pwm signal PWM3.Second is devices of triple input single output with door 602: first input end is connected with the output of the first pulse width modulator 701, and the second input is connected with the output of the second comparator 402, and the 3rd input is connected with the output of two not gates 502.Second is connected with the first end of the 3rd power switch pipe Q3 with the output of door 602, the 3rd pwm signal PWM3 exported is delivered to the first end of the 3rd power switch pipe Q3, controls the break-make of the 3rd power switch pipe Q3, controls the break-make of the 3rd power switch pipe Q3.
Differentiator 200 is connected with the second pulse width modulator 702 with multiplier 100, by the output power of photovoltaic module signal P received
pVdifferentiate, obtain photovoltaic power differential signal.
Second pulse width modulator 702 is connected with differentiator 200, Dead band controller 800, first power switch pipe Q1, is modulated by the photovoltaic power differential signal received, and obtains the first pwm signal PWM1.Second pulse width modulator 702 is devices of single-input double-output.The input of the second pulse width modulator 702 is connected with the output of differentiator 200, the first pwm signal PWM1 that the output of the second pulse width modulator 702 exports is divided into two-way: a road is connected with the first end of the first power switch pipe Q1, controls the break-make of the first power switch pipe Q1; One tunnel outputs to the input of Dead band controller 800.
Dead band controller 800 is connected with the second pulse width modulator 702, the 3rd not gate 503, converts the first pwm signal PWM1 received to first dead band pwm control signal, and the first dead band pwm control signal is outputted to the 3rd not gate 503;
3rd not gate 503 is connected with the second power switch pipe Q2 with Dead band controller 800, the first dead band pwm control signal received is carried out inverse, obtains the second pwm signal PWM2.Wherein, the 3rd not gate 503 is devices of single-input single-output.The input of the 3rd not gate 503 is connected with the output of Dead band controller 800, the output of the 3rd not gate 503 is connected with the first end of the second power switch pipe Q2, the the second pwm signal PWM2 exported is outputted to the first end of the second power switch pipe Q2, control the break-make of the second power switch pipe Q2.
First sampling apparatus V
1sense, the first current sampling device I
1sense, the second voltage sampling apparatus V
2sense, the second current sampling device I
2sensebe the general-purpose device in this professional domain, the present invention to them also without particular/special requirement.
The course of work of Miniature optical storage converter is:
The photovoltaic output voltage signal V that control unit 2 inputs according to input
pV, photovoltaic output current signal I
pV, batteries terminal voltage V
bAT, batteries port current I
bATunder judging that what mode of operation Miniature optical storage converter should be in.
In particular, multiplier 100 is by V
pVand I
pVbe multiplied and obtain photovoltaic power output signal P
pV, and by P
pVoutput to the negative terminal of the second comparator 402 and the input of differentiator 200.Differentiator 200 converts photovoltaic power signal to photovoltaic power differential signal, and photovoltaic power differential signal is sent to the input of the second pulse width modulator 702.The photovoltaic power differential signal that second pulse width modulator receives 702 is modulated, and obtains the first pwm signal, and the first pwm signal PWM1 is sent to the first end of the first power switch pipe Q1, controls the break-make of the first power switch pipe Q1.Meanwhile, the first pwm signal PWM1 is sent to Dead band controller 800 by the second pulse width modulator 702.Dead band controller 800 converts the first pwm signal received to the first pwm signal with Dead Time, and the first pwm signal PWM1 with Dead Time is delivered to the 3rd not gate 503.The first pwm signal PWM1 with Dead Time is carried out inverse and obtains the second pwm signal PWM2 by the 3rd not gate 503, and the second pwm signal PWM2 is delivered to the first end of the second power switch pipe Q2, controls the break-make of the second power switch pipe Q2.Thus achieve Miniature optical storage converter to the maximal power tracing of connected photovoltaic cell component under current light intensity and acquisition.
The photovoltaic power output signal P that second comparator 402 will receive from multiplier 100
pVwith the photovoltaic power reference signal P received from controller 900
pVmincompare, the result is relatively outputted to second and the second input of door 602 and the first end of the 5th power switch pipe Q5.Work as P
pV> P
pVmintime, the second comparator 402 exports as zero voltage signal, and thus second is also zero with the Output rusults of door 602, the state that the 5th power switch pipe Q5 is in the state of shutoff, the 3rd power switch pipe Q3 is in shutoff.Work as P
pV< P
pVmintime, the second comparator 402 exports as positive voltage signal, and thus the 5th power switch pipe Q5 is in the state that state, the 4th power switch pipe opened are in shutoff.
The batteries terminal voltage V that first comparator 401 will receive from batteries interface anode (BAT+) through voltage sampling apparatus
bATwith the charge reference voltage V received from controller 900
bATmincompare, the result is relatively outputted to first and the second input of door 601 and the first end of the 6th power switch pipe Q6.Work as V
bAT> V
bATmintime, the first comparator 401 exports as zero voltage signal, and thus first is also zero with the Output rusults of door 601.Thus, the state that the 6th power switch pipe Q6 is in the state of shutoff, the 4th power switch pipe Q4 is in shutoff.Work as V
bAT< V
bATmintime, the second comparator 402 exports as positive voltage signal, and thus the 6th power switch pipe Q6 is in the state opened, and the 3rd power switch pipe Q3 is in the state of shutoff.
The batteries port current I that PI controller 300 will receive from batteries interface negative terminal (BAT-) through current sampling device
bATwith the discharge and recharge reference current I received from controller 900
refconvert error current signal to, and error current signal is sent to the first pulse width modulator 701.The discharge and recharge pwm signal that the error current signal received converts to by the first pulse width modulator 701, and discharge and recharge PWM is sent to first with the 3rd input of door 601 and second and the first input end of door 602.
Work as P
pV< P
pVminand V
bAT> V
bATmintime, the output of the first comparator 401 is no-voltage; The zero point that first comparator 401 exports by the second not gate 502 presses the positive voltage converted to, and this positive voltage is outputted to the 3rd input of second and door 602.Second comparator 402 exports as positive voltage.Thus, now, second exports the 3rd pwm signal PWM3 with door 602, and the 3rd pwm signal PWM3 is sent to the first end of the 3rd power switch pipe Q3.Thus achieve Miniature optical storage converter carries out constant-current discharge control to connected batteries.
Work as P
pV< P
pVminand V
bAT< V
bATmintime, the output of the second comparator 402 is positive voltage; The zero point that second comparator 402 exports by the first not gate 501 presses the positive voltage converted to, and this positive voltage is outputted to the second input of first and door 601.First comparator 401 exports as positive voltage.Thus, now, first exports the 4th pwm signal PWM4 with door 601, and the 4th pwm signal PWM4 is sent to the first end of the 4th power switch pipe Q4.Thus achieve Miniature optical storage converter carries out constant current charge control to connected batteries.
Claims (6)
1. a Miniature optical storage converter, be connected with photovoltaic cell component by photovoltaic cell component interface PV+, PV-in use, be connected with batteries by batteries interface BAT+, BAT-, be connected with DC bus by DC bus interface LINE+, LINE-; The series connection of N number of Miniature optical storage converter forms Miniature optical storage converter series connection group; It is characterized in that Miniature optical storage converter is made up of Technics of Power Electronic Conversion unit (1) and control unit (2);
Technics of Power Electronic Conversion unit (1) is made up of photovoltaic conversion module (1a), high frequency transformer T1 and batteries conversion module (1b);
Photovoltaic conversion module (1a) is by photovoltaic lateral capacitance C
pV, the second power switch pipe Q2, the first power switch pipe Q1 and the first electric capacity C1 form;
Photovoltaic lateral capacitance C
pVpositive pole be both connected to second end of the second power switch pipe Q2, be connected with the anode PV+ of photovoltaic cell component interface again; Photovoltaic lateral capacitance C
pVthe 3rd end of the first power switch pipe Q1 that had both been connected to of negative pole, be connected with the negative terminal PV-of photovoltaic cell component interface again;
Second power switch pipe Q2 second end had both been connected to photovoltaic lateral capacitance C
pVpositive pole, be connected with the Same Name of Ends of high frequency transformer T1 armature winding again, the second power switch pipe Q2 the 3rd end is connected with the other end of the first electric capacity C1;
One end of first electric capacity C1 is not only connected to second end of the first power switch pipe Q1 but also is connected with the different name end of high frequency transformer T1 armature winding, and the other end is connected with the second power switch pipe Q2 the 3rd end;
Second end of the first power switch pipe Q1 had both been connected to the different name end of high frequency transformer T1 armature winding, was connected again with the first electric capacity C1, and the three-terminal link of the first power switch pipe Q1 is to photovoltaic lateral capacitance C
pVnegative pole;
Batteries conversion module (1b) is by batteries lateral capacitance C
bAT, the 3rd power switch pipe Q3, the 4th power switch pipe Q4, the 5th power switch pipe Q5, the 6th power switch pipe Q6 and DC bus lateral capacitance C
lINEcomposition;
Batteries lateral capacitance C
bATpositive pole be both connected to second end of the 3rd power switch pipe Q3, be connected with the anode (BAT+) of batteries interface again; Batteries lateral capacitance C
bATthe 3rd end of the 4th power switch pipe Q4 that had both been connected to of negative pole, be connected with the negative terminal BAT-of batteries interface again;
3rd end of the 3rd power switch pipe Q3 had both been connected to second end of the 4th power switch pipe Q4, was connected again with the Same Name of Ends of high frequency transformer T1 secondary winding; Second end of the 3rd power switch pipe Q3 is connected to batteries lateral capacitance C
bATpositive pole;
Second end of the 4th power switch pipe Q4 had both been connected to the 3rd end of the 3rd power switch pipe Q3, was connected again with the Same Name of Ends of high frequency transformer T1 secondary winding; The three-terminal link of the 4th power switch pipe Q4 is to batteries lateral capacitance C
bATnegative pole;
Second end of the 6th power switch pipe Q6 had both been connected to the 3rd end of the 4th power switch pipe Q4, again with DC bus lateral capacitance C
lINEnegative pole be connected; 3rd end of the 6th power switch pipe Q6 had both been connected to the 3rd end of the 5th power switch pipe Q5, was connected again with the different name end of the secondary winding of high frequency transformer T1;
Second end of the 5th power switch pipe Q5 is connected to DC bus lateral capacitance C
lINEanode; 3rd end of the 5th power switch pipe Q5 had both received the different name end of high frequency transformer T1 secondary winding, was connected again with the 3rd end of the 6th power switch pipe Q6;
DC bus lateral capacitance C
lINEpositive pole be both connected to second end of the 5th power switch pipe Q5, be connected with the anode LINE+ of DC bus interface again, DC bus lateral capacitance C
lINEnegative pole be both connected to second end of the 6th power switch pipe Q6, be connected with the negative terminal LINE-of DC bus again;
Described high frequency transformer T1 is double winding flyback transformer, the Same Name of Ends of high frequency transformer T1 armature winding is connected to second end of the second power switch pipe Q2, the different name end of armature winding had both been connected to second end of the first power switch pipe Q1, was connected again with one end of the first electric capacity C1; The different name end of the secondary winding of high frequency transformer T1 had both been connected to the 3rd end of the 5th power switch pipe Q5, was connected again with the 3rd end of the 6th power switch pipe Q6; The Same Name of Ends of the secondary winding of high frequency transformer T1 had both been connected to second end of the 4th power switch pipe Q4, was connected again with the 3rd end of the 3rd power switch pipe Q3;
Described control unit (2) is by batteries charge and discharge control module (2a), maximal power tracing module (2b), multiplier (100), the first voltage sampling apparatus V
1sense, the first current sampling device I
1sense, the second voltage sampling apparatus V
2sense, the second current sampling device I
2sensecomposition;
Batteries charge and discharge control module (2a) by controller (900), PI controller (300), the first comparator (401), the second comparator (402), the first pulse width modulator (701), the first not gate (501), the second not gate (502), first and door (601), second and door (602) form;
Maximal power tracing module 2b is made up of differentiator (200), the second pulse width modulator (702), Dead band controller (800), the 3rd not gate (503);
First pulse width modulator (701), the second pulse width modulator (702) are single-input double-output device, and the pulse-width signal frequency that the first pulse width modulator (701), the second pulse width modulator (702) export is not less than the operating frequency f of high frequency transformer T1;
First not gate (501), the second not gate (502), the 3rd not gate (503), first with door (601), second and door (602) be logical device, meet its requirement for input and output way when selecting;
Dead band controller (800) is for having the device of default Dead Time function;
Multiplier (100) and the first voltage sampling apparatus V
1sense, the first current sampling device I
1sense, the second comparator (402), differentiator (200) be connected, by the photovoltaic output voltage signal V received
pV,photovoltaic output current signal I
pVconvert output power of photovoltaic module signal P to
pV;
Controller (900) is for having the signal processor of memory function, and controller (900) is connected with the first comparator (401), PI controller (300), the second comparator (402); Controller is preset with charging and discharging currents reference signal I in (900)
ref, charge reference voltage signal V
bATmin, electric discharge reference power signal P
pVmin;
PI controller (300) and the second current sampling device I
2sense, controller (900) be connected; An input of PI controller (300) is connected with the reference current output of controller (900), receives the discharge and recharge reference current signal I that controller exports
ref, another input of PI controller (300) is through the second current sampling device I
2sensebe connected to batteries port BAT-; The output of PI controller (300) is connected to the input of the first pulse width modulator (701), the discharge and recharge reference current signal I that controller (900) exports by PI controller (300)
refwith the batteries charging and discharging currents signal I that the second sampling apparatus exports
bATconvert current error signal to, and current error signal is outputted to the first pulse width modulator (701);
First pulse width modulator (701) is connected with door (602) with door (601), second with PI controller (300), first, converts the current error signal that PI controller passes over to pulse-width signal; First pulse width modulator (701) is the device of single-input double-output, the input of the first pulse width modulator (701) is connected with the output of PI controller (300), and the pulse-width signal that the output of the first pulse width modulator (701) exports is divided into two-way: a road outputs to the 3rd input of first and door (601); Another road outputs to the first input end of second and door (602);
First comparator (401) and controller (900), the 6th power switch pipe Q6, the second not gate (502), first and door (601), the second voltage sampling apparatus V
2sensebe connected, by charge reference voltage signal V
bATminwith accumulator battery voltage signal V
bATcompare, the results conversion is relatively become the 6th pwm signal PWM6; Work as V
bAT> V
bATmintime, the 6th pwm signal PWM6 is zero voltage signal, works as V
bAT< V
bATmintime, the 6th pwm signal PWM6 is positive voltage signal; The positive input terminal of the first comparator (401) is connected with the reference voltage output terminal of controller (900), receive the charge reference voltage signal that controller exports, the negative input end of the first comparator (401) is through the second voltage sampling apparatus V
2sensebe connected to batteries port BAT+, receive the second voltage sampling apparatus V
2sensethe accumulator battery voltage signal V exported
bAT; The 6th pwm signal PWM6 that the output of the first comparator (401) exports is divided into three tunnels: a road outputs to the first input end of first and door (601); One tunnel is connected with the first end of the 6th power switch pipe Q6, the 6th pwm signal PWM6 exported is delivered to the first end of the 6th power switch pipe Q6, controls the break-make of the 6th power switch pipe Q6; One tunnel outputs to the input of the second not gate (502);
Second comparator (402) is connected with door (602), the first not gate (501), the 5th power switch pipe Q5 with controller (900), multiplier (100), second, and will discharge reference power signal P
pVminwith output power of photovoltaic module signal P
pVcompare, the results conversion is relatively become the 5th pwm signal PWM5; Work as P
pV> P
pVmintime, the 5th pwm signal PWM5 is zero voltage signal, works as P
pV< P
pVmintime, the 5th pwm signal PWM5 is positive voltage signal; The positive input terminal of the second comparator (402) is connected with the reference power output of controller (900), receives the electric discharge reference power signal P that controller exports
pVmin, the negative input end of the second comparator (402) is connected with the output of multiplier (100), receives the output power of photovoltaic module signal P that multiplier (100) exports
pV; The 5th pwm signal PWM5 that the output of the second comparator (402) exports is divided into three tunnels: a road outputs to the second input of second and door (602); One tunnel outputs to the first end of the 5th power switch pipe Q5, controls the break-make of the 5th power switch pipe Q5; One tunnel outputs to the input of the first not gate (501);
First not gate (501) is connected with door (601) with the second comparator (402), first, the 5th pwm signal PWM5 passed over by second comparator (402) carries out inverse, obtains the second input that the first non-gate signal outputs to first and door (601);
Second not gate (502) is connected with door (602) with the first comparator (401), second, the 6th pwm signal PWM6 passed over by first comparator (401) carries out inverse, obtains the 3rd input that the second non-gate signal outputs to second and door (602);
First is connected with the first comparator (401), the first not gate (501), the first pulse width modulator (701), the 4th power switch pipe Q4 with door (601), by receiving the 6th pwm signal PWM6 from the first comparator (401), the pulse-width signal from the first pulse width modulator (701), carrying out and computing from the first non-gate signal of the first not gate (501), obtain the 4th pwm signal PWM4; First is the device of triple input single output with door (601): first input end is connected with the first comparator (401) output, second input is connected with the output of the first not gate (501), and the 3rd input is connected with the output of the first pulse width modulator (701); First is connected with the first end of the 4th power switch pipe Q4 with the output of door (601), the 4th pwm signal PWM4 is delivered to the first end of the 4th power switch pipe Q4, controls the break-make of the 4th power switch pipe Q4;
Second is connected with the second comparator (402), the second not gate (502), the first pulse width modulator (701), the 3rd power switch pipe Q3 with door (602), by the 5th pwm signal PWM5 from the second comparator (402) received, from the second not gate the second non-gate signal, carry out and computing from the pulse-width signal of the first pulse width modulator (701), obtain the 3rd pwm signal PWM3; Second is the device of triple input single output with door (602): first input end is connected with the output of the first pulse width modulator (701), second input is connected with the output of the second comparator (402), and the 3rd input is connected with the output of the second not gate (502); Second is connected with the first end of the 3rd power switch pipe Q3 with the output of door (602), the 3rd pwm signal PWM3 exported is delivered to the first end of the 3rd power switch pipe Q3, controls the break-make of the 3rd power switch pipe Q3;
Differentiator (200) is connected with the second pulse width modulator (702) with multiplier (100), by the output power of photovoltaic module signal P received
pVdifferentiate, obtain photovoltaic power differential signal;
Second pulse width modulator (702) is connected with differentiator (200), Dead band controller (800), the first power switch pipe Q1, is modulated by the photovoltaic power differential signal received, and obtains the first pwm signal PWM1; Second pulse width modulator (702) is the device of single-input double-output; The input of the second pulse width modulator (702) is connected with the output of differentiator (200), the first pwm signal PWM1 that the output of the second pulse width modulator (702) exports is divided into two-way: a road is connected with the first end of the first power switch pipe Q1, controls the break-make of the first power switch pipe Q1; One tunnel outputs to the input of Dead band controller (800);
Dead band controller (800) is connected with the second pulse width modulator (702), the 3rd not gate (503), convert the first pwm signal PWM1 received to first dead band pwm control signal, and the first dead band pwm control signal is outputted to the 3rd not gate (503);
3rd not gate (503) is connected with the second power switch pipe Q2 with Dead band controller (800), the the first dead band pwm control signal received is carried out inverse, obtain the second pwm signal PWM2, wherein, the 3rd not gate (503) is the device of single-input single-output; The input of the 3rd not gate (503) is connected with the output of Dead band controller (800), the output of the 3rd not gate (503) is connected with the first end of the second power switch pipe Q2, the the second pwm signal PWM2 exported is outputted to the first end of the second power switch pipe Q2, control the break-make of the second power switch pipe Q2;
Power switch pipe is N channel-type mos field effect transistor N-MOSFET, the first end of power switch pipe is the grid of N-MOSFET, power switch pipe second end is the drain electrode of N-MOSFET, and power switch pipe the 3rd end is the source electrode of N-MOSFET.
2. a kind of Miniature optical storage converter as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described photovoltaic lateral capacitance C
pV, batteries lateral capacitance C
bAT, DC bus lateral capacitance C
lINEfor tantalum electrochemical capacitor or alminium electrolytic condenser, select to choose according to the size of the size of the voltage signal magnitude at each electric capacity two ends and ripple peak-to-peak value thereof and frequency during electric capacity, meet equation:
Wherein V
1for voltage signal average value, the V of electric capacity both end voltage
r1for V
1the size of middle ripple, f
r1for the rated power that the size of voltage ripple frequency, P are Miniature optical storage converters, C
pVor C
bATor C
lINEwithstand voltage be 1.2V
1.
3. a kind of Miniature optical storage converter as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the armature winding of described high frequency transformer T1 and the number of turn of secondary winding should store up the maximum power P of converter according to Miniature optical
1, the operating frequency f of high frequency transformer and the size of high frequency transformer output voltage and input voltage determine, wherein:
The number of turn N of armature winding
p:
V
2the input voltage of high frequency transformer armature winding, f
sfor the operating frequency of high frequency transformer, B
wmagnetic core work intensity, A
efor the effective work area of magnetic core, B
wwith A
etwo and maximum power P
1relevant parameter, occurrence is by checking that the databook of selected core production producer is determined;
Secondary winding turns N
s:
V
3the voltage at high frequency transformer T1 secondary winding two ends.
4. a kind of Miniature optical storage converter as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the Dead Time of described Dead band controller (800) is preset as 0.02/f, f is the operating frequency of high frequency transformer T1.
5. a kind of Miniature optical storage converter as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described controller (900) is for C51 or AVR single chip.
6. a kind of Miniature optical storage converter as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the charging and discharging currents reference signal I preset in described controller (900)
refnumerically meet equation I
ref=0.3C, C be Miniature optical storage converter connect the capacity of batteries; Charge reference voltage signal V
bATminnumerically meet equation V
bATminvalue=0.7V
bATmax, V
bATmaxbe Miniature optical storage converter connect the maximum of batteries output voltage; Electric discharge reference power signal P
pVminnumerically meet equation P
pVminvalue=0.2P
pVmax, P
pVmaxbe Miniature optical storage photovoltaic cell component that converter connects be 1000W/m in intensity of illumination
2the maximum power that Shi Suoneng exports.
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| CN102157970A (en) * | 2011-04-19 | 2011-08-17 | 广东易事特电源股份有限公司 | High-transformation ratio isolated solar charging controller with MPPT function |
| CN102307017A (en) * | 2011-09-16 | 2012-01-04 | 浙江大学 | Control method applied to active-clamp flyback miniature photovoltaic grid-connected inverter device |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102157970A (en) * | 2011-04-19 | 2011-08-17 | 广东易事特电源股份有限公司 | High-transformation ratio isolated solar charging controller with MPPT function |
| CN102307017A (en) * | 2011-09-16 | 2012-01-04 | 浙江大学 | Control method applied to active-clamp flyback miniature photovoltaic grid-connected inverter device |
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