CN104498921B - 一种镀锌表面化学转化专用处理剂及其处理工艺 - Google Patents
一种镀锌表面化学转化专用处理剂及其处理工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- JHJUUEHSAZXEEO-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-dodecylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 JHJUUEHSAZXEEO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
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- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/78—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C22/80—Pretreatment of the material to be coated with solutions containing titanium or zirconium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
- C23C22/08—Orthophosphates
- C23C22/12—Orthophosphates containing zinc cations
- C23C22/17—Orthophosphates containing zinc cations containing also organic acids
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种镀锌表面化学转化专用处理剂及其处理工艺，属于输变电设备构件表面防护领域。所述转化处理方法主要包含前处理、水洗、化学转化、水洗、自然干燥等步骤，前处理剂由Na2CO3、NaH2PO4、NaHPO4、焦磷酸钠、铜盐、镍盐、钛盐组成，处理过程中所用转化剂为H3PO4、ZnO，所用缓蚀剂为硫脲、六次甲基四胺中的一种或两种，所用络合剂为柠檬酸，酒石酸，单丁酸一种或几种，表面活性剂为OS‑15、OP‑10、十二烷基苯磺酸钠中的一种或几种，促进剂为硝酸钠，亚硝酸钠，过氧化氢，高锰酸钾，氯酸钾中的一种或几种。经此工艺处理后的镀锌基材表面是一层均而致密且具有绝缘电阻的耐蚀膜层。本发明能有效提高材料的耐腐蚀性能，提高输变电设备金属构件的耐蚀性能和使用寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于腐蚀防护技术领域，具体涉及一种输变电设备镀锌构件化学转化处理剂及其处理工艺，具体而言涉及到镀锌表面化学转化专用处理剂及其处理工艺。
背景技术
钢铁是工业和日常生活中应用范围最广、使用量最大的金属。但是钢铁是很容易腐蚀的金属，人们一般采用镀锌的方法提高抗大气腐蚀的能力。这种镀锌钢铁在工业及日常生活中应用最为广泛，随着我国经济的飞速发展，对电力的需求不断提高，特别是特高压技术的不断应用，电力远距离输送发挥出越来越重要的作用，使用了大量的镀锌钢材。表面热浸镀锌的输变电铁塔部件在一般情况下可以抵抗外部环境如盐雾的腐蚀损坏，但是在局部热浸镀锌效果差，受到损伤的部分，特别是铁塔构件的连接点部位，由于存在漏镀或应力磨损，导致金属表面长期暴露在大气中，经受风吹日晒和滨海盐雾侵袭，其铁塔构件连接点部位腐蚀最为严重。甚至在短短数年内就会发生严重的白色锌锈，部分角钢螺栓紧固点出现更为严重的锈蚀现象。我国很多起倒塔事故都与铁塔的腐蚀有关。铁塔金属构件的防腐保护已经成为普遍关注并日益突出的重要问题。钢铁表面镀锌再进行化学转化处理工艺技术应用广泛，目前研究较多的无铬酸盐转化处理技术有钼酸盐、硅酸盐、钛盐、稀土盐、硅烷、单宁酸、植酸等。这些方法中都有各自的缺点如钼酸盐钝化膜的耐蚀性差，钛盐、硅酸盐转化膜耐蚀性较好，但是转化液溶液不稳定，而且不能起到长效防腐的目的。一般这类工艺往往面临着成本较高、大面积施工困难等问题，因此亟待寻求防护成本较低、施工便利、防护效果好的新型化学转化处理技术。
发明内容
发明目的：
本发明的目的主要在于针对镀锌钢材涂覆有机涂层附着力差所导致的防腐性能难以满足应用需求的技术不足，提供一种成本低廉、制备简单的化学转化剂及转化方法。
技术方案：
本发明的技术目的通过以下技术方案予以实现：
一种镀锌表面化学转化专用处理剂，包括前处理剂和专用处理剂两部分，其特征在于：所述的前处理剂由Na2CO3、NaH2PO4、Na2HPO4、焦磷酸钠、铜盐、镍盐、钛盐组成，所述的专用处理剂由H3PO4、ZnO、缓蚀剂、络合剂、铜盐、镍盐、表面活性剂、促进剂组成，其中所述前处理剂中各组分含量如下：
Na2CO3 2-3g/L
NaH2PO4 5-10 g/L
Na2HPO4 5-10 g/L
焦磷酸钠 2-3 g/L
铜盐1-2 g/L
镍盐 1-2 g/L
钛盐3-5 g/L；
所述专用处理剂的成分如下：
H3PO4 50-60 g/L
ZnO 为10-15 g/L
缓蚀剂 1-2 g/L
络合剂 3-5g/L
铜盐 1-2g/L
镍盐 1-2g/L
表面活性剂 3-5g/L
促进剂 50-100g/L。
所述的缓蚀剂为硫脲、六次甲基四胺中的一种或两种；络合剂为柠檬酸，酒石酸，单丁酸一种或几种；表面活性剂为OS-15、OP-10、十二烷基苯磺酸钠中的一种或几种；促进剂为硝酸钠，亚硝酸钠，过氧化氢，高锰酸钾，氯酸钾中的一种或几种。
所述前处理剂中镍盐为硫酸镍，硝酸镍，氯化镍中的一种或多种；铜盐为硫酸铜、硝酸铜中的一种或两种；钛盐为硫酸氧钛，氟钛酸钾中的一种或两种。
所述的处理工艺包括：
步骤一：前处理：前处理剂的pH值调节至8-10，处理温度为常温，处理时间为2-5分钟；
步骤二：水洗；
步骤三：化学转化：处理过程在常温下进行，转化时间为5-20分钟；
步骤四：水洗；
步骤五：自然干燥；
处理后的镀锌基材表面是一层均而致密且具有绝缘电阻的耐蚀膜层，膜层表面的附着力达0级，5%的NaCl溶液中的阻抗为24.6-29KΩ.cm2，该膜层适合于涂有机涂层，能使涂覆有机涂层材料的耐冲击性能达50cm.kg，中性盐雾试验大于1000小时。
优点效果：
本发明的锌层表面专用化学转化处理工艺具有如下优点：
锌层表面转化成膜液属于环保型，不含铬酸盐，因而大大减轻了生产过程及产品对环境的污染。本发明方法简单、成本低、效率高，工艺稳定，施工方便，特别适合于对于大件或超大件的表面防腐，适用于工业应用。获得的转化膜耐蚀性能优良，能够起到长效防腐的目的，具有广阔的工业应用价值。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例，对本发明作进一步详细说明，：
本实施例以镀锌Q235钢材为基体，在其表面进行化学转化，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：配制前处理剂，其成分如下：
Na2CO3 3g/L、NaH2PO4 8g/L、Na2HPO4 8g/L、焦磷酸钠 2.6g/L、硫酸铜0.8g/L、硝酸铜 0.7g/L、氯化镍 0.7g/L、硝酸镍0.8g/L、硫酸氧钛 2g/L、氟钛酸钾2g/L，溶液配好后，用NaOH溶液调节PH至8.5。
步骤2：应用前处理剂对合金表面进行预处理：在常温下将合金置于前处理剂中浸泡5分钟，然后取出并用常温自来水清洗表面残留溶液；
步骤3：配制专用处理剂，其成分如下：
H3PO4 55g/L、ZnO 15g/L、六次甲基四胺 0.01 g/L、柠檬酸 0.02g/L、单丁酸0.02g/L、硫酸铜0.8g/L、硝酸铜 0.7g/L、硫酸镍 0.7g/L、硝酸镍 0.8g/L、OS-15 0.02g/L、十二烷基苯磺酸钠 0.02g/L、硝酸钠15g/L、高锰酸钾 25g/L、氯酸钾 20g/L。
步骤4：化学转化成膜过程：将经过前处理的合金浸泡在常温的化学转化处理剂中浸泡15分钟后取出，自然干燥。
经此工艺处理后在镀锌基层表面形成一层均而致密且具有绝缘电阻的银灰色耐蚀膜层。膜层附着力0级，5%的NaCl溶液中的阻抗为28.8KΩ.cm2。
根据国家电网公司企业标准Q/GDW 674-2011输电线路铁塔防护涂料选择标准，在已产生白色锌锈的镀锌钢板上采用本发明进行化学转化后再涂覆防腐涂层，按照GB/T1771-2007 色漆和清漆耐中性盐雾性能的测定的试验方法进行1000小时盐雾实验。
Claims (4)
1.一种镀锌表面化学转化专用处理剂，包括前处理剂和专用处理剂两部分，其特征在于：所述的前处理剂由Na2CO3、NaH2PO4、Na2HPO4、焦磷酸钠、铜盐、镍盐、钛盐组成，所述的专用处理剂由H3PO4、ZnO、缓蚀剂、络合剂、铜盐、镍盐、表面活性剂、促进剂组成，其中所述前处理剂中各组分含量如下：
Na2CO3 : 2-3g/L
NaH2PO4: 5-10 g/L
Na2HPO4:5-10 g/L
焦磷酸钠: 2-3 g/L
铜盐:1-2 g/L
镍盐: 1-2 g/L
钛盐:3-5 g/L；
化学转化处理过程所用的专用处理剂成分如下：
H3PO4: 50-60 g/L
ZnO: 为10-15 g/L
缓蚀剂: 1-2 g/L
络合剂: 3-5g/L
铜盐: 1-2g/L
镍盐: 1-2g/L
表面活性剂: 3-5g/L
促进剂: 50-100g/L。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种镀锌表面化学转化专用处理剂，其特征在于：所述的缓蚀剂为硫脲、六次甲基四胺中的一种或两种；络合剂为柠檬酸，酒石酸，单丁酸一种或几种；表面活性剂为OS-15、OP-10、十二烷基苯磺酸钠中的一种或几种；促进剂为硝酸钠，亚硝酸钠，过氧化氢，高锰酸钾，氯酸钾中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种镀锌表面化学转化专用处理剂，其特征在于:所述前处理剂中镍盐为硫酸镍，硝酸镍，氯化镍中的一种或多种；铜盐为硫酸铜、硝酸铜中的一种或两种；钛盐为硫酸氧钛，氟钛酸钾中的一种或两种。
4.一种如权利要求1所述的镀锌表面化学转化专用处理剂的处理工艺，其特征在于：所述的处理工艺包括：
步骤一：前处理：前处理剂的pH值调节至8-10，处理温度为常温，处理时间为2-5分钟；
步骤二：水洗；
步骤三：化学转化：处理过程在常温下进行，转化时间为5-20分钟；
步骤四：水洗；
步骤五：自然干燥；
处理后的镀锌基材表面是一层均匀而致密且具有绝缘电阻的耐蚀膜层，膜层表面的附着力达0级，5%的NaCl溶液中的阻抗为24.6-29KΩ.cm2，该膜层适合于涂有机涂层，能使涂覆有机涂层材料的耐冲击性能达50cm.kg，中性盐雾试验大于1000小时。
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