CN104492842A - 异种金属管材及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
异种金属管材及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104492842A CN104492842A CN201410649752.0A CN201410649752A CN104492842A CN 104492842 A CN104492842 A CN 104492842A CN 201410649752 A CN201410649752 A CN 201410649752A CN 104492842 A CN104492842 A CN 104492842A
- Authority
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- Prior art keywords
- dissimilar metal
- metal layer
- tubing
- dissimilar
- clad plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 282
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 282
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound 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[Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 81
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 81
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N fe2+ Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound 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[Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000001331 Nose Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002441 reversible Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 abstract description 30
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种异种金属管材及其制备方法和应用，制备时先准备尺寸合适的异种金属复合板，且该异种金属复合板中部为冲压部；采用相互配合的柱状凸模和内腔为柱状的凹模，通过柱状凸模抵住冲压部将异种金属复合板压入凹模中形成异种金属管材，异种金属复合板的正反两面构成该异种金属管材的内管壁和外管壁。本发明的异种金属管材中不同金属的结合处没有明显分界线，整个生产过程无需采用焊接或电镀等工艺，产品质量提高，同时减少能耗或环境污染，而且拉伸前的异种金属复合板中的金属层厚度可大大减少，复合板的技术要求、加工难度以及成本降低。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及管材领域，特别是一种异种金属管材及其制造方法和应用。
背景技术
[0002] 在各种领域的产品中，经常需要使用连接管，而连接管两头连接的部件的材质通常不同。以目前现有技术中的压缩机排气管、吸气管等为例，大多数整根为铜材质，一端与其他铜管焊接，另一端通过银焊料火焰钎焊与压缩机的铁质上盖或铁质壳体连接。采用火焰钎焊时，一般采用铜管镶嵌在铁质上盖或铁质壳体内，通过火焰对焊料进行加热融化来填充铜管和铁质材料间的间隙，从而达到铜管与铁质壳体通过填充在间隙中的焊料将二者焊接在一起。焊接时焊接温度高于焊料温度，而低于铜管和铁质上盖或壳体的温度，从而实现焊料的填缝焊接。采用此种方法焊接时，必须采用工件通过镶嵌在铁质材料中以增大接头连接面面积，以弥补钎焊强度的不足，而且银焊料成本、铜管成本较高，同时还会因使用焊料而产生大量二氧化碳，以致污染环境。
[0003] 为此，人们一直研究是否有一种管材，其一端为铜质材料,一端为铁质材料,管材可通过铁质端与上盖或壳体实现电阻焊，通过铜质端与其他铜管焊接，从而实现焊料成本的递减。目前的组合管材一般有以下几种:
[0004] (I)采用目前常规的焊接工艺焊接将铜材质段与铁材质段焊接起来，需要使用焊料，焊接效率和焊接效果均不理想。
[0005] (2)采用铁管为基材，再将其一端镀上铜层，或整体电镀后刮去一端的铜层。但铜镀层与铁基材可能出现分离的现象，且铜镀层厚度有一定要求，而所得产品在与压缩机壳体焊接时需严格控制不能烧穿铜镀层。
[0006] (3)如中国专利申请201210589384.6，公开了一种压缩机排气管，其铜管段和铁管段通过闪光焊对接焊接，无需焊料。但是，采用上述工艺来焊接铜管段和铁管段是比较困难的，由于闪光焊主要适合于同种金属的焊接，因为焊接时两端部焊接口可同时达到焊接的温度，两端部口可同时熔化，达到结合。但其使用铜管与铁管焊接时，焊接过程中铜管段端面与对接的铁管段端面获得的热量分配只能是相等的，而铜和铁的物理性能却差异较大所致。铜管的熔点为1000°c左右，铁管的熔点为1500°C左右。如采用铜类似的温度焊接时，铁无法熔接，此时的焊接状态为融化的铜仅仅附着在铁管端面表层，并未形成铜铁的结晶体。其焊接完的管件内外表面全部有大量焊渣，同时焊缝处的强度一般。如采用铁管类似的温度焊接时，铜管将会发生过烧，出现下流，铜铁管无法焊接。
[0007] (4)如中国专利申请201410167794.0公开的一种异种金属管材，通过异种金属复合件冲压拉伸，形成轴向包括至少两段不同金属材质管段的异种金属管材。虽然其避免了情况(I)焊接管或情况(2)电镀管的弊端，但是，异种金属管材最终的铁质管段需要与上盖或壳体实现电阻焊，铜质管段需要与其他铜管焊接，因此，不论是铁质管段或是铜质管段都必须具有一定的高度作为焊接位用于后续与其他部件焊接，这样就对异种金属复合件中的不同金属材质复合层的厚度有较高要求(每层厚度需大于2mm才能使拉伸后的管材形成宽度较合适的焊接位)，使得异种金属复合件的技术要求、加工难度和成本上升。
发明内容
[0008] 为解决上述问题，本发明的目的是提供一种异种金属管材，其既能彻底解决了焊接和电镀的问题，不同金属材质之间结合紧密，产品质量稳定，同时又大大降低用于制作异种金属管材的异种金属复合板的技术要求、加工难度及成本。
[0009] 本发明的另一个目的是提供上述异种金属管材的制备方法，其生产工艺简单，生产成本下降。
[0010] 本发明还有一个目的是将上述异种金属管材应用于压缩机或空调器中。
[0011] 本发明的目的是这样实现的:一种异种金属管材的制备方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤:准备尺寸合适的异种金属复合板，且该异种金属复合板中部为冲压部；采用相互配合的柱状凸模和内腔为柱状的凹模，通过柱状凸模抵住冲压部将异种金属复合板压入凹模中形成异种金属管材，异种金属复合板的正反两面构成该异种金属管材的内管壁和外管壁。
[0012] 所述的冲压部为定位孔，异种金属复合板形成环状结构；通过具有锥形头部的柱状凸模将抵住冲压部将异种金属复合板压入凹模中形成两端开口的异种金属管材；或者异种金属复合板中部的平面位置直接作为冲压部，通过柱状凸模抵住冲压部将异种金属复合板压入凹模中形成一端封口的异种金属管材，对封口端进行切割或者冲压落料后即得到两端开口的异种金属管材。
[0013] 所述的异种金属复合板至少包括两层不同金属材质的复合层，其正反两面为不同金属时，冲压而成异种金属管材内管壁和外管壁为不同金属层；其正反两面为相同金属时，冲压而成异种金属管材内管壁和外管壁为相同金属层。
[0014] 所述的异种金属复合板冲压拉伸成异种金属管材，厚度的变形量为0.05%〜0.15%。
[0015] 所述的异种金属复合板正反两面分别为一层铜金属层和一层铁金属层，冲压拉伸而成异种金属管材内管壁或外管壁分别为铜金属层和铁金属层；或者，所述的异种金属复合板正反两面分别为一层铜金属层和一层不锈钢金属层，冲压拉伸而成异种金属管材内管壁或外管壁分别为铜金属层和不锈钢金属层；或者，所述的异种金属复合板正反两面分别为一层铜金属层和一层铝金属层，冲压拉伸而成异种金属管材内管壁或外管壁分别为铜金属层和铝金属层；或者，所述的异种金属复合板正反两面均为铜金属层，中间层为铁金属层、不锈钢金属层或铝金属层，冲压拉伸而成异种金属管材内管壁或外管壁均为铜金属层。
[0016] 所述的异种金属复合板中，铜金属层的厚度为0.5mm以下，铁金属层、不锈钢金属层或铝金属层的厚度为3mm以下。
[0017] 所述的异种金属复合板冲压拉伸成异种金属管材，铜金属层至少被冲压拉伸至覆盖异种金属管材其中一个端口边缘。
[0018] 由上述制备方法制得的异种金属管材。
[0019] 所述的异种金属管材为压缩机的排气管、吸气内管、吸气外管、储液器进气管或储液器出气管，或空调器的配管、连接管、换向阀管、膨胀阀管、油分离器或汽分离器。
[0020] 本发明采用复合金属板来牵引拉伸出异种金属管材，异种金属管材中不同金属的结合处没有明显分界线，而是形成内外管壁异种金属融合在一起的过渡，整个生产过程无需采用焊接或电镀等工艺，不会出现焊接工艺所得焊缝破裂、漏气的风险，也不会出现电镀工艺所得镀层剥离脱落的风险，产品质量大大提高，生产工艺大大简化，同时大大减少能耗或环境污染，而且由于异种金属复合板的正反两面金属层直接构成异种金属管材内管壁和外管壁，充足的可焊接面积令后续步骤与其他部件的焊接加工变得容易，而拉伸前的异种金属复合板中的金属层厚度却可大大减少(例如铜层可以在0.5_以下)，复合板的技术要求、加工难度以及成本降低。
附图说明
[0021] 图1是本发明准备尺寸合适的异种金属复合板的生产原理示意图；
[0022] 图2是本发明实施例1的生产原理示意图；
[0023] 图3是本发明实施例2-实施例4的生产原理示意图；
[0024] 图4-图7是本发明实施例5的生产原理示意图。
具体实施方式
[0025] 本发明是一种异种金属管材，其制备包括以下步骤:准备尺寸合适的异种金属复合板1，且该异种金属复合板I中部为冲压部13 ;采用相互配合的柱状凸模21和内腔为柱状的凹模22，通过柱状凸模21抵住冲压部13将异种金属复合板I压入凹模22中形成异种金属管材3，异种金属复合板I的正反两面构成该异种金属管材3的内管壁和外管壁。异种金属管材3的管壁在厚度方向上至少包括两层不同金属材质。
[0026] 所述的冲压部13为定位孔，异种金属复合板I形成环状结构；通过具有锥形头部的柱状凸模21抵住冲压部13将异种金属复合板I压入凹模22中形成两端开口的异种金属管材3。环状结构可以为圆环状、椭圆环状、方环状或不规则环状，其对冲压拉伸没有影响，只是对形成的异种金属管材的管口是否齐平有影响，可通过后续切割加工或者冲压落料解决。或者，异种金属复合板I中部的平面位置直接作为冲压部13，通过柱状凸模21抵住冲压部13将异种金属复合板I压入凹模22中形成一端封口的异种金属管材3，对封口端进行切割后即得到两端开口的异种金属管材3。冲压拉伸工艺为常规工艺，可根据最终的管材产品的尺寸要求，采用对应尺寸的配套的柱状凸模和凹模，设定对应的工艺参数以及设定尺寸合适的异种金属复合板。如需制备管径较小的管材，可通过多次冲压实现。
[0027] 异种金属复合板I至少包括两层不同金属材质的复合层，其正反两面为不同金属时，冲压拉伸而成异种金属管材内管壁和外管壁为不同金属层；其正反两面为相同金属时，冲压拉伸而成异种金属管材内管壁和外管壁为相同金属层。例如:异种金属复合板至少包括一层铜金属层和一层铁金属层，冲压拉伸而成异种金属管材内管壁或外管壁分别为铜金属层和铁金属层；或者，所述的异种金属复合板至少包括一层铜金属层和一层不锈钢金属层，冲压拉伸而成异种金属管材内管壁或外管壁分别为铜金属层和不锈钢金属层；或者，所述的异种金属复合板至少包括一层铜金属层和一层铝金属层，冲压拉伸而成异种金属管材内管壁或外管壁分别为铜金属层和铝金属层；或者，所述的异种金属复合板正反两面均为铜金属层，中间层为铁金属层、不锈钢金属层或铝金属层，冲压拉伸而成异种金属管材内管壁或外管壁均为铜金属层。异种金属复合板I冲压拉伸成异种金属管材3，厚度的变形量为0.05%〜0.15%较佳,例如采用1.6mm厚的异种金属复合板冲压拉伸成壁厚为1.5mm的异种金属管材。异种金属复合板I中，铜金属层的厚度可以为0.5mm以下，铁金属层、不锈钢金属层或铝金属层的厚度可以为3_以下，就基本可以满足最终制得的异种金属管材3的尺寸要求。由于部分焊接对异种金属管材管口边缘的金属材质有要求,例如管口边缘为非铜材质则不利于与其它铜质部件焊接，而管口边缘为铜金属层则更有利于焊接，因此，在异种金属复合板冲压拉伸成异种金属管材时，铜金属层最好被冲压拉伸至覆盖异种金属管材中至少一个端口的边缘，例如异种金属管材内管壁为铜金属层时，可通过柱状凸模21上方设置斜角，在冲压时使异种金属管材上端口形成略向外的翻边，从而铜金属层覆盖异种金属管材的上端口边缘。
[0028] 在压缩机、空调器领域中，需要焊接的异种金属常见的例如有铁与铜，或者为铜与铝等。异种金属复合板也可以包括三层以上的复合层，制成异种金属管材的厚度方向也包括三层以上的不同的金属层。
[0029] 由上述制备方法制得的异种金属管材，可以用于压缩机的排气管、吸气内管、吸气外管、储液器进气管或储液器出气管，或空调器的配管、连接管、换向阀管、膨胀阀管、油分离器或汽分离器等等。使用时根据需要可削去部分铜金属层，使异种金属管材可以在相同一侧的管壁上与不同材质的部件焊接。
[0030] 以下以具体的例子结合附图对本发明进行进一步阐释，但本发明并不限于此特定例子。
[0031] 实施例1
[0032] 准备尺寸合适的异种金属复合板1，如图1所示，取大尺寸的异种金属复合板材4，通过冲头5冲出本实施例需要的尺寸合适的异种金属复合板I。
[0033] 如图2所不,异种金属复合板材I由铜金属层11和铁金属层12复合而成。铜金属层11的厚度约为0.3mm，铁金属层12的厚度约为3mm。异种金属复合板I中部设有冲压部13，为定位孔，从而形成圆形环状结构。
[0034] 将异种金属复合板材I按上层为铜金属层11、下层为铁金属层12的方向放置于凹模22上方。柱状凸模21具有锥形头部，通过柱状凸模21的锥形头部抵住定位孔，将异种金属复合板I压入凹模22中，形成两端开口的异种金属管材3，异种金属管材3的内管壁31为铜金属层，外管壁32为铁金属层。最后通过冲压落料去除底端端口较小的一段，令异种金属管材3两端口径相等。
[0035] 实施例2
[0036] 准备尺寸合适的异种金属复合板I的方法同实施例1。
[0037] 如图3所示，本实施例采用的异种金属复合板材，由铜金属层11和铁金属层12复合而成。铜金属层11的厚度约为0.2mm,铁金属层12的厚度约为2mm。异种金属复合板中部平面位置为冲压部13。
[0038] 将异种金属复合板材I按上层为铜金属层11、下层为铁金属层12的方向放置于凹模22上方。柱状凸模21具有锥形头部，通过柱状凸模21的锥形头部抵住冲压部13，将异种金属复合板I压入凹模22中，形成一端开口一端封口的异种金属管材3,异种金属管材3的内管壁31为铜金属层，外管壁32为铁金属层。最后通过对封口端进行冲压落料，即可得到两端开口的异种金属管材3。
[0039] 实施例3
[0040] 本实施例中采用的异种金属复合板由铜金属层和不锈钢金属层复合而成。
[0041] 其它同实施例2。
[0042] 实施例4
[0043] 本实施例中采用的异种金属复合板由铜金属层和铝金属层复合而成。
[0044] 其它同实施例2。
[0045] 实施例5
[0046] 准备尺寸合适的异种金属复合板I的方法同实施例1。
[0047] 本实施例采用实施例2的异种金属复合板，其中部位置直接作为冲压部。将异种金属复合板材I按上层为铜金属层11、下层为铁金属层12的方向放置于凹模22上方。柱状凸模21为平头，通过柱状凸模21的平头抵住冲压部13，将异种金属复合板I压入凹模22中，形成一端开口一端封口的异种金属管材3,异种金属管材3的内管壁31为铜金属层，外管壁32为铁金属层。如图4-图7所示，由于需制备管径较小的管材，本实施例通过三次冲压实现实现杯状体，通过第四次冲压下料将杯状底部进行下料从而形成管材。(当然第四次可以不要采用切割的方式也可，不过一般采用冲压方式，成本和效率都高)图4-图7中所使用的柱状凸模21的外径依次变小，配套使用的凹模22内径也依次变小，依次冲压出管径越来越小的异种金属管材3。最后通过对封口端进行冲压落料，即可得到两端开口的异种金属管材3。
[0048] 实施例6
[0049] 将异种金属复合板材I按下层为铜金属层11、上层为铁金属层12的方向放置于凹模22上方，冲压制得的异种金属管材3的内管壁31为铁金属层，外管壁32为铜金属层。
[0050] 其他同实施例2。
Claims (9)
1.一种异种金属管材的制备方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤:准备尺寸合适的异种金属复合板，且该异种金属复合板中部为冲压部；采用相互配合的柱状凸模和内腔为柱状的凹模，通过柱状凸模抵住冲压部将异种金属复合板压入凹模中形成异种金属管材，异种金属复合板的正反两面构成该异种金属管材的内管壁和外管壁。
2.根据权利要求1所述的异种金属管材的制备方法，其特征在于:所述的冲压部为定位孔，异种金属复合板形成环状结构；通过具有锥形头部的柱状凸模将抵住冲压部将异种金属复合板压入凹模中形成两端开口的异种金属管材；或者异种金属复合板中部的平面位置直接作为冲压部，通过柱状凸模抵住冲压部将异种金属复合板压入凹模中形成一端封口的异种金属管材，对封口端进行切割或者冲压落料后即得到两端开口的异种金属管材。
3.根据权利要求1所述的异种金属管材的制备方法，其特征在于:所述的异种金属复合板至少包括两层不同金属材质的复合层，其正反两面为不同金属时，冲压而成异种金属管材内管壁和外管壁为不同金属层；其正反两面为相同金属时，冲压而成异种金属管材内管壁和外管壁为相同金属层。
4.根据权利要求1所述的异种金属管材的制备方法，其特征在于:所述的异种金属复合板冲压拉伸成异种金属管材，厚度的变形量为0.05%〜0.15%。
5.根据权利要求1、2、3或4所述的异种金属管材的制备方法，其特征在于:所述的异种金属复合板正反两面分别为一层铜金属层和一层铁金属层，冲压拉伸而成异种金属管材内管壁或外管壁分别为铜金属层和铁金属层；或者，所述的异种金属复合板正反两面分别为一层铜金属层和一层不锈钢金属层，冲压拉伸而成异种金属管材内管壁或外管壁分别为铜金属层和不锈钢金属层；或者，所述的异种金属复合板正反两面分别为一层铜金属层和一层铝金属层，冲压拉伸而成异种金属管材内管壁或外管壁分别为铜金属层和铝金属层；或者，所述的异种金属复合板正反两面均为铜金属层，中间层为铁金属层、不锈钢金属层或铝金属层，冲压拉伸而成异种金属管材内管壁或外管壁均为铜金属层。
6.根据权利要求5所述的异种金属管材的制备方法，其特征在于:所述的异种金属复合板中，铜金属层的厚度为0.5皿以下，铁金属层、不锈钢金属层或铝金属层的厚度为3皿以下。
7.根据权利要求5所述的异种金属管材的制备方法，其特征在于:所述的异种金属复合板冲压拉伸成异种金属管材，铜金属层至少被冲压拉伸至覆盖异种金属管材其中一个端口边缘。
8.由权利要求1-7任一权利要求所述制备方法制得的异种金属管材。
9.根据权利要求8所述的异种金属管材，其特征在于:所述的异种金属管材为压缩机的排气管、吸气内管、吸气外管、储液器进气管或储液器出气管，或空调器的配管、连接管、换向阀管、膨胀阀管、油分离器或汽分离器。
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