CN104487304A - 用于同时控制来自混合动力车辆中的燃式发动机和电机的转矩的方法 - Google Patents

用于同时控制来自混合动力车辆中的燃式发动机和电机的转矩的方法 Download PDF

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CN104487304A
CN104487304A CN201380039639.4A CN201380039639A CN104487304A CN 104487304 A CN104487304 A CN 104487304A CN 201380039639 A CN201380039639 A CN 201380039639A CN 104487304 A CN104487304 A CN 104487304A
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torque
planetary
parts
vehicle
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CN104487304B (zh
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N·彼得松
M·贝里奎斯特
J·林德斯特伦
A·谢尔
M·比约克曼
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Scania CV AB
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
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    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/11—Stepped gearings
    • B60W10/115—Stepped gearings with planetary gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
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    • B60W30/19—Improvement of gear change, e.g. by synchronisation or smoothing gear shift
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60Y2400/42—Clutches or brakes
    • B60Y2400/421—Dog type clutches or brakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/04—Smoothing ratio shift
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/93—Conjoint control of different elements

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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于驱动车辆的方法，所述车辆具有推进系统，所述推进系统包括具有输出轴的燃式发动机(2a)、具有输入轴(3a)的变速箱(3)、包括定子和转子的电机(9)、以及包括太阳轮(10)、齿圈(11)和行星齿轮架(12)的行星齿轮。车辆在行星齿轮的构件互锁的情况下驱动。通过朝向行星齿轮中的转矩平衡控制电机的转矩和燃式发动机的转矩，行星齿轮被带入释放位置，并且行星齿轮接下来被转移到自由位置。

Description

用于同时控制来自混合动力车辆中的燃式发动机和电机的转矩的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及根据所附权利要求1的前序部分的用于驱动车辆的方法。
本发明特别地但非唯一地旨在执行这种方法以用于机动车辆，所述机动车辆的形式为轮式多用途车辆，特别是重型的轮式多用途车辆(诸如，卡车和公共汽车)。
因此，本发明涉及用于驱动混合动力车辆的方法，所述混合动力车辆一般是可以通过主要发动机(在此为燃式发动机)和次要发动机(在此为电机)驱动的车辆。电机适当地设有用于存储能量的装置(诸如，用于存储电能的电池或电容器)以及用于调节所述装置与电机之间的电能流动的调节设备。由此，电机可以依据车辆运行的状态作为电动机和发电机运转。当车辆被制动时，电机产生可以被存储的电能，并且被存储的电能可以在以后被用于例如驱动车辆。
背景技术
传统离合器机构在变速箱中的换档过程期间使变速箱的输入轴相对于燃式发动机脱离连接，利用传统离合器机构存在不利之处，诸如加热离合器机构的离合器片，这导致燃料消耗增加和离合器片磨损。严重损耗接下来也在起动车辆时发生。而且，传统离合器机构相对沉重并且昂贵。传统离合器机构还需要车辆中的相当大的空间。当使用自动变速箱中通常使用的液力变矩器/转矩变换器时还形成摩擦损耗。可以通过提供这样的车辆来避免传统离合器机构和与之相关的所述缺点，所述车辆具有推进系统，在所述推进系统中，燃式发动机的输出轴、电机的转子以及变速箱的输入轴通过行星齿轮互连。通过文献EP 1319546可知具有这种类型的推进系统的车辆。
当然，正在尝试改进针对能量效率驱动具有这种推进系统的车辆的方式，并且尝试在制动车辆时重新产生尽可能的多的制动能量。在锁定装置处于锁定位置的情况下驱动这种车辆的原因是也正是因为从能量角度而言这对于由推进系统形成的传动系中的正向转矩是最有利的。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于考虑到以上提及的尝试而提供一种在背景技术中限定类型的方法。根据本发明，这个目的通过提供根据所附权利要求1所述的方法实现。
在一些状况下期望、并且在其他状况下完全必要的是，将行星齿轮转移到自由位置，即，锁定装置被转移到释放位置。这种状况的示例是，当朝向停止地制动时，能够在变速箱的输入轴与用于燃式发动机的怠速转速的第一部件相比更慢地旋转时以电机制动。出于性能原因，在某些变速期间期望将行星齿轮放到自由位置。而且，针对传动系中的低转矩，在行星齿轮处于自由位置的情况下驱动车辆通常是节省燃料的。根据本发明，通过控制电机和燃式发动机的转矩达到行星齿轮中的转矩平衡，行星齿轮可以在转矩通过行星齿轮传递的同时从锁定状态转移到自由状态，即，无需转矩中断。这不仅从驱动舒适性角度、而且从能量效率角度而言也是有利的。
根据本发明的实施方式，所述方法被执行以用于具有推进系统的车辆，所述推进系统具有作为所述第一部件的太阳轮和作为所述第三部件的齿圈，而在还未公开的文献SE 1051384-4中描述了这种推进系统，并且相对于根据上述文献EP 1319546的具有作为第一部件的齿圈和作为第三部件的太阳轮的推进系统具有多个优点。通过将电机连接到齿圈并且将燃式发动机的输出轴连接到太阳轮而实现紧凑构型，所述紧凑构型易于装入具有离合器机构而非行星齿轮的传动系(推进系统)的现有空间中。可以制成与标准变速箱相当的尺寸和重量的混合型变速箱，并且可以维持标准接口。这意味着通常与混合动力化相关的重量增加可以显著减小。另一优点是，由此电机与齿圈的连接意味着与电机连接到太阳轮相比的更高可能制动力矩。
根据本发明的另一实施方式，太阳轮和行星齿轮架通过所述锁定装置互连，并且太阳轮和行星齿轮架被释放以便被允许以不同转速旋转。在这种情况下，易于获得可以通过简单手段可靠地控制的锁定装置。由此较小的转矩通过行星齿轮传递。仅电机的转矩通过这些齿轮传递。
本发明还涉及具有权利要求4中列出的特征的计算机程序、具有权利要求5中列出的特征的计算机程序制品、具有权利要求6中列出的特征的电子控制单元、以及根据权利要求7的车辆。本发明的其他有利特征和优点通过以下说明呈现。
附图说明
参考附图，以下是作为实施例引用的本发明的实施方式的具体说明。
在附图中：
图1是车辆的传动系的非常简化的视图，根据本发明的方法可以被执行以用于所述车辆，
图2是所述推进系统的一部分的仍然简化但更详细的视图，
图3是用于实施根据本发明的方法的电子控制单元的原理简图，以及
图4是阐述根据本发明的实施方式的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1示出用于重型车辆1的传动系。传动系包括燃式发动机2、变速箱3、多个驱动轴4和驱动轮5。传动系在燃式发动机2和变速箱3之间具有中间部分6。图2更详细地示出中间部分6中的部件。在中间部分6中，燃式发动机2设有输出轴2a并且变速箱3设有输入轴3a。燃式发动机的输出轴2a相对于变速箱的输入轴3a同轴地设置。燃式发动机的输出轴2a和变速箱的输入轴3a设置成围绕旋转轴线7共同旋转。中间部分6包括包封电机9和行星齿轮的壳体8。电机9照例包括定子9a和转子9b。定子9a包括以适当方式紧固在壳体8内侧上的定子芯。定子芯包括定子绕组。电机9配置成在某些运转状态下利用存储电能向变速箱的输入轴3a供应驱动动力，并且在其他运转状态下利用变速箱的输入轴3a的动能产生且存储电能。
行星齿轮在电机的定子9a和转子9b的内部基本径向地设置。行星齿轮照例包括太阳轮10、齿圈11以及行星齿轮架12。行星齿轮架12携载多个齿轮13，所述多个齿轮在太阳轮10的齿部与齿圈11的齿部之间的径向空间中可旋转地设置。太阳轮10紧固到燃式发动机的输出轴2a的圆周面。太阳轮10和燃式发动机的输出轴2a作为一单元以第一转速n1旋转。行星齿轮架12包括固定部分12a，所述固定部分借助于花键连接件14固定到变速箱的输入轴3a的圆周面。行星齿轮架12和变速箱的输入轴3a可以借助于所述花键连接件作为一单元以第二转速n2旋转。齿圈11包括外圆周面，转子9b紧固到所述外圆周面上。转子9b和齿圈11形成以第三转速n3旋转的可旋转单元。
推进系统通过燃式发动机的输出轴2a设有可位移联接构件15的事实而包括锁定装置。联接构件15借助于花键连接件16固定到燃式发动机的输出轴2a。联接构件15在这种情况下相对于燃式发动机的输出轴2a不可旋转地固定，并且能够沿在燃式发动机的输出轴2a上的轴向方向移位。联接构件15包括能够与行星齿轮架12的联接部分12b连接的联接部分15a。示意性示出的位移部件17配置成使联接构件15在第一位置与第二位置之间移位，联接部分15a、12b在第一位置不相互接合从而对应于锁定装置的释放位置，而联接部分15a、12b在第二位置相互接合从而对应于锁定装置的锁定位置。燃式发动机的输出轴2a和变速箱的输入轴3a将在所述锁定位置互锁，并且由此燃式发动机的输出轴、变速箱的输入轴、以及电机的转子将以同一转速旋转。这个状态可以被称为行星齿轮锁定状态。锁定机构还可以包括设有第一花键的套筒，第一花键在释放位置接合到行星齿轮的第一部件上的第二花键，而第一花键在锁定位置接合到行星齿轮的第二部件上的第三花键。第一部件在这种情况下优选是行星齿轮架，而第二部件优选是太阳轮。锁定机构接下来可以设计为基本同心地包封行星齿轮架的环状套筒。
电子控制单元18设计成控制位移部件17。控制单元18还配置成确定在哪些状况下电机应该作为电动机运转以及在哪些状况下电机应该作为发电机运转。为了作此决定，控制单元18可以接收与合适的操作参数有关的当前信息。控制单元18可以是具有用于这个任务的软件的计算机。控制单元18控制示意性示出的调节设备19，所述调节设备调节混合型电池20与电机的定子9a绕组之间的电能流动。在电机9作为电动机运转的状况下，存储电能从混合型电池20供应到定子9a。在电机作为发电机运转的状况下，电能从定子9a供应到混合型电池20。混合型电池20传递且存储具有电压大约200-800伏的电能。由于在车辆中燃式发动机2与变速箱3之间的中间部分6受到限制，因此需要电机9和行星齿轮构成紧凑单元。行星齿轮的部件10、11、12在此在电机的定子9a的内部基本径向地设置。电机的转子9b、行星齿轮的齿圈11、燃式发动机的输出轴2a以及变速箱的输入轴3a在此设置成围绕旋转轴线5共同旋转。通过这种设计，电机9和行星齿轮占据相对较小的空间。车辆设有电动机控制功能21，燃式发动机2的转速n1可以通过电动机控制功能调节。当档位在变速箱3中接入和断开时，控制单元18可以启动电动机控制功能21并且形成变速箱中的零转矩状态。当然，推进系统可以不由一个单一的控制单元18控制，而是由数个不同的控制单元控制。
当所述方法开始时，在锁定装置处于锁定位置的情况下驱动车辆。这意味着行星齿轮的所有三个部件以同一转速旋转。接下来检测将锁定装置转移到释放位置的需求。
所述方法接下来通过确定锁定装置应该转移到释放位置而开始，于是控制单元18控制电机9以将第一转矩通过齿圈11施加到变速箱的输入轴3a，所述第一转矩等于所需的推进系统转矩与行星齿轮的传动比的乘积，并且控制单元21同样控制燃式发动机2以将第二转矩施加到变速箱的输入轴3a，所述第二转矩等于所要求的推进系统转矩与(1-行星齿轮的传动比)的乘积。当太阳轮被连接到燃式发动机的输出轴并且齿圈与电机的转子连接时，行星齿轮的传动比是齿圈的齿数/(太阳轮的齿数+齿圈的齿数)。因此，针对转矩控制电机和燃式发动机接近行星齿轮中的转矩平衡。当已经实现转矩平衡时，锁定装置通过移位联接构件15转移到释放位置。因此，行星齿轮可以在转矩已经由行星齿轮传递的同时通过根据本发明的方法从锁定位置转移到自由位置。
以上已经提及在驱动所述车辆时期望这样做的多个不同原因，并且还有另一原因是，自由位置可以被用于在将车辆加速期间跳过变速步骤。在这种情况下，根据本发明的方法可以在加速时执行，于是车辆借助于电机的较大转速范围进一步升档，于是变速箱的输入轴的转速与变速箱中的较高档位的轴转速的同步化在所述档位被最终接入之前就进行。
用于实施根据本发明的方法的计算机程序代码被适当地包括在计算机程序中，所述计算机程序可被读取到计算机的存储器(诸如，机动车辆的电子控制单元的存储器)中。通过计算机程序制品适当地提供这种计算机程序，所述计算机程序制品包括能够通过电子控制单元读取的数据存储介质，所述数据存储介质具有存储在其上的计算机程序。所述数据存储介质例如是呈CD-ROM盘、DVD盘等形式的光学数据存储介质，呈硬盘、磁盘、磁带等形式的磁性数据存储介质，或ROM、PROM、EPROM或EEPROM类型的闪存或存储器。
图3非常示意性地示出电子控制单元40，其包括用于执行计算机程序的执行装置41，诸如中央处理器单元(CPU)。执行装置41通过数据总线43与例如RAM类型的存储器42通讯。控制单元40还包括数据存储介质44，所述数据存储介质的形式例如为ROM、PROM、EPROM或EEPROM类型的闪存或存储器。执行装置41通过数据总线43与数据存储介质44通讯。包括用于实施根据本发明的方法的计算机程序代码在内的计算机程序例如依据在图4中示出的实施方式存储在数据存储介质44上。
本发明当然并非以任何方式受限于上述实施方式，而是在不偏离所附权利要求限定的本发明的范围的情况下，许多可能的修改方案针对本领域技术人员是显然的。
锁定装置可以设计成将所述三个部件中的任何两个互锁。
传动结构可以设置在转子与齿圈之间以及燃式发动机的输出轴与太阳轮之间，诸如，图中示出的将被连接到太阳轮的轴的上游。最后提及的传动结构还可以由变速齿轮形成。
还可以构思到的是，所述方法被执行以用于具有作为第一部件的齿圈和作为第三部件的太阳轮的车辆，但是由于以上提及的优点可能经常优选相反的设计。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于驱动车辆的方法，所述车辆具有推进系统，所述推进系统包括具有输出轴(2a)的燃式发动机(2)、具有输入轴(3a)的变速箱(3)、包括定子(9a)和转子(9b)的电机(9)、包括呈太阳轮(10)、齿圈(1)和行星齿轮架(12)形式的三个部件的行星齿轮，燃式发动机的输出轴(2a)连接到行星齿轮的所述三个部件中的第一部件以使得输出轴的旋转导致所述第一部件的旋转，变速箱的输入轴(3a)连接到行星齿轮的所述三个部件中的第二部件以使得输入轴的旋转导致所述第二部件的旋转，以及电机的转子(9b)连接到行星齿轮的所述三个部件中的第三部件以使得转子的旋转导致所述第三部件的旋转，所述推进系统还包括能够在锁定位置和释放位置之间转移的锁定装置，所述部件中的两个在锁定位置互锁以使得三个部件(10-12)以同一转速旋转，而各所述部件在释放位置被允许以不同转速旋转，当在锁定装置处于锁定位置的情况下驱动车辆时，所述方法开始，
其特征在于，所述方法包括下述步骤：
a)确定锁定装置应该转移到释放位置，
b)控制电机(9)以施加第一转矩同时控制燃式发动机(2)以施加第二转矩，所述第一转矩等于所请求的推进系统转矩与行星齿轮的传动比的乘积，所述第二转矩等于所请求的推进系统转矩与(1-行星齿轮的传动比)的乘积，并且
c)当已经获得所述第一转矩和第二转矩并且行星齿轮中存在转矩平衡时，将锁定装置转移到释放位置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法被执行用于具有这样一种推进系统的车辆，所述推进系统具有作为所述第一部件的太阳轮(10)和作为所述第三部件的齿圈(11)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，太阳轮(10)和行星齿轮架(12)由所述锁定装置互锁，并且太阳轮和行星齿轮架在步骤c)中被释放以便被允许以不同转速旋转。
4.一种包括计算机程序代码的计算机程序，所述计算机程序代码用于在计算机中执行时使得计算机实施根据权利要求1-3中任一所述的方法。
5.一种计算机程序制品，其包括计算机可读的数据存储介质，其中，根据权利要求4所述的计算机程序的计算机程序代码被存储在数据存储介质上。
6.一种电子控制单元，其包括执行装置、被连接到执行装置(41)的存储器(42)、以及被连接到执行装置的数据存储介质(44)，其中，根据权利要求4所述的计算机程序的计算机程序代码存储在所述数据存储介质(44)上。
7.一种包括根据权利要求6所述的电子控制单元的车辆。
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