CN104507720A - 混合动力车辆的变速方法 - Google Patents

混合动力车辆的变速方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104507720A
CN104507720A CN201380039826.2A CN201380039826A CN104507720A CN 104507720 A CN104507720 A CN 104507720A CN 201380039826 A CN201380039826 A CN 201380039826A CN 104507720 A CN104507720 A CN 104507720A
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China
Prior art keywords
gear box
combustion engine
change speed
input shaft
motor
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N·彼得松
M·贝里奎斯特
J·林德斯特伦
A·谢尔
M·比约克曼
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Scania CV AB
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Scania CV AB
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/15—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/11—Stepped gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/19—Improvement of gear change, e.g. by synchronisation or smoothing gear shift
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H—GEARING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H61/04—Smoothing ratio shift
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2306/00—Shifting
    • F16H2306/40—Shifting activities
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于在驱动车辆期间在变速箱中变速的方法，所述车辆具有推进系统，所述推进系统包括具有输出轴的燃式发动机(2a)、具有输入轴(3a)的变速箱(3)、包括定子和转子的电机(9)、和包括太阳轮(10)、齿圈(11)和行星齿轮架(12)的行星齿轮。变速在行星齿轮的构件互锁的情况下进行。

Description

混合动力车辆的变速方法
技术领域
本发明涉及根据所附权利要求1的前序部分的用于在驱动车辆期间在变速箱中变速的方法。
本发明特别地但非唯一地旨在执行这种方法以用于机动车辆，所述机动车辆的形式为轮式多用途车辆，特别是重型的轮式多用途车辆(诸如，卡车和公共汽车)。
因此，本发明涉及用于在驱动混合动力车辆期间在变速箱中变速的方法，其中，所述车辆一般是可以通过主要发动机(在此为燃式发动机)和次要发动机(在此为电机)驱动的车辆。电机适当地设有用于存储能量的装置(诸如，用于存储电能的电池或电容器)、以及用于调节所述装置和电机之间的电能流动的调节设备。通过于此，电机可以依据车辆运行的状态作为电动机和发电机运转。当车辆被制动时，电机产生可以被存储的电能，并且被存储的电能可以在以后被用于例如驱动车辆。
背景技术
传统离合器机构在变速箱中的换档过程期间使变速箱的输入轴相对于燃式发动机脱离连接，利用传统离合器机构存在不利之处，诸如加热离合器机构的离合器片，这导致燃料消耗增加和离合器片磨损。严重损耗接下来也在起动车辆时发生。而且，传统离合器机构相对沉重并且昂贵。传统离合器机构还需要车辆中的相当大的空间。当使用自动变速箱中通常使用的液力变矩器/转矩变换器时还产生摩擦损耗。可以通过提供这样的车辆来避免传统离合器机构和与之相关的所述缺点，所述车辆具有推进系统，在所述推进系统中，燃式发动机的输出轴、电机的转子以及变速箱的输入轴通过行星齿轮互连。通过文献EP 1319546可知具有这种类型的推进系统的车辆。
当然，正在尝试改进针对能量效率驱动具有这种推进系统的车辆的方式、以及尝试在制动车辆时重新产生尽可能多的制动能量。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于考虑到以上提及的尝试而提供一种在背景技术中限定类型的方法。根据本发明，这个目的通过提供根据所附权利要求1所述的方法实现。
在行星齿轮维持处于锁定位置的情况下，变速可以通过根据本发明的方法高效地执行。这意味着相对于锁定装置与变速相结合地致动的情况，所述锁定装置的磨损减小。当对快速变速(例如，在较高的基本恒定速度下)没有高要求时，最适合选择在行星齿轮锁定状态的情况下的变速。
根据本发明的实施方式，所述方法被执行以用于具有推进系统的车辆，所述推进系统具有作为所述第一部件的太阳轮和作为所述第三部件的齿圈，而在还未公开的文献SE 1051384-4中描述了这种推进系统，并且相对于根据上述文献EP 1319546的具有作为第一部件的齿圈和作为第三部件的太阳轮的推进系统具有多个优点。通过将电机与齿圈连接、以及将燃式发动机的输出轴与太阳轮连接，获得易于构建在这样的空间中的紧凑构造，所述空间已经现有以用于具有离合器机构而非行星齿轮的传动系(推进系统)。混合动力型变速箱可以制成与标准变速箱相当的尺寸和重量，并且可以维持标准接口。这意味着通常与混合动力化相关的重量增加可以显著减小。另一优点是，由此电机与齿圈的连接意味着与电机被连接到太阳轮相比更高的可能制动力矩。
根据本发明的另一实施方式，在执行步骤c)期间，计算获得变速箱的输入轴的所述同步转速之前剩余的时间，并且将这个时间与用于所述档位接入过程的期望耗时相比较，并且当所述时间等于或已经变得比所述耗时短时，档位接入过程在步骤d)中开始。由于在获得所述同步转速的时间方面没有任何实际延迟的情况下就可以接入新档位，所述方法可以借此被缩短。这避免在变速期间猛烈拉动，并且从能耗角度而言是有利的。
根据本发明的另一实施方式，在步骤c)中，恒定转矩通过电机和/或恒定转矩通过燃式发动机向变速箱的输入轴施加。所述方法通过施加合适量级的恒定转矩以便获得变速箱的输入轴的同步转速而被显著简化。
根据本发明的另一实施方式，当比先前接入的档位更高的档位在步骤d)中在变速箱中接入时，所述方法开始，燃式发动机在步骤c)中被控制以通过启动车辆的排气制动器和/或启动所谓的可变截面涡轮(variablegeometry turbo)以便向变速箱的输入轴施加反向转矩，而向变速箱的输入轴施加反向转矩(即，制动力矩)。
根据本发明的另一实施方式，所述方法被执行以用于具有通过所述锁定装置互锁的太阳轮和行星齿轮架的车辆，这使得锁定手段以简单且可靠地方式实现。由此较小的转矩可以通过行星齿轮传递。仅电机的转矩通过这些齿轮传递。
根据本发明的另一实施方式，步骤c)包括：计算这样的转速，如果待接入变速箱的档位已经接入，则变速箱的输入轴将获得所述转速以用于车辆的目前速度；并且计算第三部件的转速和燃式发动机的输出轴的转速，第三部件的转速和燃式发动机的输出轴的转速将一起把计算用于待接入的档位的所述转速赋予变速箱的输入轴。
本发明还涉及具有权利要求8中列出的特征的计算机程序、具有权利要求9中列出的特征的计算机程序制品、具有权利要求10中列出的特征的电子控制单元、以及根据权利要求11的车辆。
本发明的其他有利特征和优点通过以下说明呈现。
附图说明
参考附图，以下具体说明本发明的作为实施例的实施方式。
在附图中：
图1是车辆的传动系的非常简化的视图，根据本发明的方法可以被执行以用于所述车辆，
图2是所述推进系统的一部分的仍然简化但更详细的视图，
图3是用于实施根据本发明的方法的电子控制单元的原理简图，以及
图4是阐述根据本发明的实施方式的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1示出用于重型车辆1的传动系。传动系包括燃式发动机2、变速箱3、多个驱动轴4和驱动轮5。在燃式发动机2和变速箱3之间，传动系具有中间部分6。图2更详细地示出中间部分6中的部件。在中间部分6中，燃式发动机2设有输出轴2a并且变速箱3设有输入轴3a。燃式发动机的输出轴2a相对于变速箱的输入轴3a同轴地设置。燃式发动机的输出轴2a和变速箱的输入轴3a设置成围绕旋转轴线7共同旋转。中间部分6包括包封电机9和行星齿轮的壳体8。电机9照例包括定子9a和转子9b。定子9a包括以适当方式紧固在壳体8内侧上的定子芯。定子芯包括定子绕组。电机9配置成在某些运转状态下利用存储电能向变速箱的输入轴3a供应驱动动力，并且在其他运转状态下利用变速箱的输入轴3a的动能产生且存储电能。
行星齿轮在电机的定子9a和转子9b的内部基本径向地设置。行星齿轮照例包括太阳轮10、齿圈11以及行星齿轮架12。行星齿轮架12携载多个齿轮13，所述多个齿轮在太阳轮10的齿部和齿圈11的齿部之间的径向空间中可旋转地设置。太阳轮10紧固到燃式发动机的输出轴2a的圆周面。太阳轮10和燃式发动机的输出轴2a作为一单元以第一转速n1旋转。行星齿轮架12包括固定部分12a，所述固定部分借助于花键连接件14固定到变速箱的输入轴3a的圆周面。行星齿轮架12和变速箱的输入轴3a可以借助于所述花键连接件作为一单元以第二转速n2旋转。齿圈11包括外圆周面，转子9b紧固到所述外圆周面上。转子9b和齿圈11形成以第三转速n3旋转的可旋转单元。
推进系统通过燃式发动机的输出轴2a设有可位移联接构件15的事实而包括锁定装置。联接构件15借助于花键连接件16固定到燃式发动机的输出轴2a。联接构件15在这种情况下相对于燃式发动机的输出轴2a不可旋转地固定，并且能够沿在燃式发动机的输出轴2a上的轴向方向移位。联接构件15包括能够与行星齿轮架12的联接部分12b连接的联接部分15a。示意性示出的位移部件17配置成使联接构件15在第一位置和第二位置之间移位，在第一位置，联接部分15a、12b没有相互接合，从而对应于锁定装置的释放位置，而在第二位置，联接部分15a、12b相互接合，从而对应于锁定装置的锁定位置。燃式发动机的输出轴2a和变速箱的输入轴3a将在这个锁定位置互锁，并且由此燃式发动机的输出轴和变速箱的输入轴、以及电机的转子将以同一转速旋转。这个状态可以被称为行星齿轮锁定状态。锁定机构还可以包括设有第一花键的套筒，在释放位置，第一花键接合到行星齿轮的第一部件上的第二花键，而在锁定位置，第一花键接合到行星齿轮的第二部件上的第三花键。第一部件在这种情况下优选是行星齿轮架，而第二部件优选是太阳轮。锁定机构接下来可以设计为基本同心地包封行星齿轮架的环状套筒。
电子控制单元18设计成控制位移部件17。控制单元18还配置成确定在哪些状况下电机应该作为电动机运转以及在哪些状况下电机应该作为发电机运转。为了作此决定，控制单元18可以接收与合适的操作参数有关的当前信息。控制单元18可以是具有用于这个任务的软件的计算机。控制单元18控制示意性示出的调节设备19，所述示意性示出的调节设备调节混合型电池20和电机的定子9a绕组之间的电能流动。在电机9作为电动机运转的状况下，存储电能从混合型电池20供应到定子9a。在电机作为发电机运转的状况下，电能从定子9a供应到混合型电池20。混合型电池20传递且存储具有电压大约200-800伏的电能。由于在车辆中燃式发动机2和变速箱3之间的中间部分6受到限制，因此需要电机9和行星齿轮构成紧凑单元。行星齿轮的部件10、11、12在此在电机的定子9a的内部基本径向地设置。电机的转子9b、行星齿轮的齿圈11、燃式发动机的输出轴2a以及变速箱的输入轴3a在此设置成围绕旋转轴线5共同旋转。通过这种设计，电机9和行星齿轮占据相对较小的空间。车辆设有电动机控制功能21，燃式发动机2的转速n1可以通过电动机控制功能调节。控制单元18可以在档位在变速箱3中接入和断开时启动电动机控制功能21并且形成变速箱中的零转矩状态。当然，推进系统可以不是由一个单一控制单元18控制，而是由数个不同的控制单元控制。
图4示出阐述根据本发明的实施方式的用于在驱动具有图2中示出的类型的推进系统的车辆期间在变速箱中变速的方法的流程图。
当所述方法开始时，车辆在锁定装置处于锁定位置的情况下驱动。这意味着行星齿轮的所有三个部件以同一转速旋转。接下来检测车辆的变速箱中的变速需求，所述检测例如与达到高速且燃料将通过接入比先前更高的档位驱动而被节省相结合。
通过朝向电机和燃式发动机一起向变速箱的输入轴3a施加零转矩的状态地分别控制电机9和燃式发动机2的控制单元18和21，所述方法开始。在燃式发动机和电机之间的转矩分配接下来可以是任何情况。其中一种转矩分配甚至可以是在所述方法开始时向变速箱的输入轴施加反向转矩。当在燃式发动机和电机中已经实现总体零转矩时，档位断开，即，档位改变到变速箱中的空档位置。电机和燃式发动机在此之后被控制以均向变速箱的输入轴施加恒定转矩，以用于将变速箱的输入轴朝向这样的转速加速或减速，所述转速与用于待在变速箱中接入的档位的轴转速一致。当这是在档位中的升档时，车辆的排气制动器和/或所谓的可变截面涡轮可以启动用于通过燃式发动机向变速箱的输入轴施加反向转矩，而燃式发动机在降档的情况下被控制以通过注射燃料施加正向转矩。同时地计算获得所述同步转速以前剩余的时间，并且将这个时间与用于档位接入过程的期望耗时相比较，当所述时间等于或已经变得比所述耗时短时，档位接入过程开始。
当档位接入过程已经开始时，当档位接入过程完成时(即，当档位接入时)，电机和燃式发动机被控制以获得到变速箱的输入轴的零转矩。为此摩擦转矩被估计，并且通过其他参数的信息，被施加用于在接入档位的时刻获得所述零转矩的电机和燃式发动机的转矩被控制。
最终，电机和燃式发动机被控制以施加在变速方法之后请求用于继续驱动车辆的转矩，所述变速方法在已经获得这种变速时结束。
用于实施根据本发明的方法的计算机程序代码被适当地包括在计算机程序中，所述计算机程序可被读取到计算机的存储器(诸如，机动车辆的电子控制单元的存储器)中。通过计算机程序制品适当地提供这种计算机程序，所述计算机程序制品包括能够通过电子控制单元读取的数据存储介质，所述数据存储介质具有存储在其上的计算机程序。所述数据存储介质例如是呈CD-ROM盘、DVD盘等形式光学数据存储介质，呈硬盘、磁盘、磁带等形式磁性数据存储介质，或ROM、PROM、EPROM或EEPROM类型的闪存或存储器。
图3非常示意性地示出电子控制单元40，其包括用于执行计算机程序的执行装置41，诸如中央处理器单元(CPU)。执行装置41通过数据总线43与例如RAM类型的存储器42通讯。控制单元40还包括数据存储介质44，所述数据存储介质的形式例如为ROM、PROM、EPROM或EEPROM类型的闪存或存储器。执行装置41通过数据总线43与数据存储介质44通讯。包括用于实施根据本发明的方法的计算机程序代码在内的计算机程序例如依据在图4中示出的实施方式存储在数据存储介质44上。
本发明当然并非以任何方式受限于上述实施方式，而是在不偏离所附权利要求限定的本发明的范围的情况下，许多可能的修改方案针对本领域技术人员是显然的。
锁定装置可以设计成将所述三个部件中的任何两个互锁。
传动结构可以设置在转子和齿圈之间、以及燃式发动机的输出轴和太阳轮之间，诸如，图中示出的将被连接到太阳轮的轴的上游。最后提及的传动结构还可以由变速齿轮形成。
还可以构思到的是，所述方法被执行以用于具有作为第一部件的齿圈和作为第三部件的太阳轮的车辆，但是由于以上提及的优点可能经常优选相反的设计。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于在驱动车辆期间在变速箱中变速的方法，所述车辆具有推进系统，所述推进系统包括具有输出轴(2a)的燃式发动机(2)、具有输入轴(3a)的变速箱(3)，包括定子(9a)和转子(9b)的电机(9)、以及包括呈太阳轮(10)、齿圈(11)和行星齿轮架(12)形式的三个部件的行星齿轮，燃式发动机的输出轴(2a)连接到行星齿轮的所述三个部件中的第一部件以使得输出轴的旋转导致所述第一部件的旋转，变速箱的输入轴(3a)连接到行星齿轮的所述三个部件中的第二部件以使得输入轴的旋转导致所述第二部件的旋转，并且电机的转子(9b)连接到行星齿轮的所述三个部件中的第三部件以使得转子的旋转导致所述第三部件的旋转，所述推进系统还包括能够在锁定位置和释放位置之间转移的锁定装置，所述部件中的两个在锁定位置互锁以使得三个部件(10-12)以同一转速旋转，而各所述部件在释放位置被允许以不同转速旋转，当车辆锁定装置处于锁定位置的情况下驱动时，所述方法开始，
其特征在于，所述方法包括下述步骤：
a)控制电机(9)和燃式发动机(2)朝向电机和燃式发动机一起向变速箱的输入轴施加零转矩的状态，
b)当已经由电机和燃式发动机获得所述零转矩时，将接入于变速箱(3)中的档位断开，
c)控制电机(9)和燃式发动机(2)以均向变速箱的输入轴施加转矩，从而将输入轴带到这样的转速，所述转速与用于待在变速箱中接入的档位的轴转速同步以用于车辆的目前速度，
d)当即将获得所述同步转速时，开始档位接入过程，并且同时地控制电机(9)和燃式发动机(2)朝向当完成所述档位接入过程时一起获得由电机和燃式发动机向变速箱的输入轴(3a)施加的零转矩的状态，以及
e)控制电机和燃式发动机以向变速箱的输入轴施加电机和燃烧发动均请求的转矩。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在执行步骤c)期间，计算获得变速箱的输入轴(3a)的所述同步转速之前剩余的时间，并且将这个时间与用于所述档位接入过程的期望耗时相比较，并且当所述时间等于或已经变得比所述耗时短时，档位接入过程在步骤d)中开始。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法被执行用于具有这样一种推进系统的车辆，所述推进系统具有作为所述第一部件的太阳轮(10)和作为所述第三部件的齿圈(11)。
4.根据前述权利要求任一所述的方法，其特征在于，在步骤c)中，恒定转矩通过电机(9)和/或恒定转矩通过燃式发动机(2)向变速箱的输入轴(3a)施加。
5.根据前述权利要求任一所述的方法，其特征在于，当比已经接入的档位更高的档位在步骤d)中接入于变速箱(3)中时，所述方法开始，燃式发动机(2)在步骤c)中被控制以通过启动用于向变速箱的输入轴施加反向转矩的车辆的排气制动器和/或启动所谓的可变截面涡轮，而向变速箱的输入轴(3a)施加反向转矩，即，制动力矩。
6.根据前述权利要求任一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法被执行以用于这样一种车辆，所述车辆具有通过所述锁定装置互锁的太阳轮(10)和行星齿轮架(12)。
7.根据前述权利要求任一所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤c)包括：计算这样的转速，如果待接入变速箱(3)的档位接入，则变速箱的输入轴(3a)将具有所述转速以用于车辆的目前速度；并且计算第三部件(11)的转速和燃式发动机的输出轴(2a)的转速，第三部件的转速和燃式发动机的输出轴的转速将一起把计算用于待接入的档位的所述转速赋予变速箱的输入轴(3a)。
8.一种包括计算机程序代码的计算机程序，所述计算机程序代码用于在计算机程序代码在计算机中执行时使得计算机实施根据权利要求1-7中任一所述的方法。
9.一种计算机程序制品，其包括计算机可读的数据存储介质，其中，根据权利要求8所述的计算机程序的计算机程序代码被存储在数据存储介质上。
10.一种电子控制单元，其包括执行装置、被连接到执行装置(41)的存储器(42)、以及被连接到执行装置的计算机存储介质(44)，其中，根据权利要求8所述的计算机程序的计算机程序代码存储在所述数据存储介质(44)上。
11.一种包括根据权利要求10所述的电子控制单元的车辆。
CN201380039826.2A 2012-06-27 2013-06-26 混合动力车辆的变速方法 Pending CN104507720A (zh)

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