CN104487218A - 用于制造预型件的方法、预型件及容器 - Google Patents

用于制造预型件的方法、预型件及容器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104487218A
CN104487218A CN201380039528.3A CN201380039528A CN104487218A CN 104487218 A CN104487218 A CN 104487218A CN 201380039528 A CN201380039528 A CN 201380039528A CN 104487218 A CN104487218 A CN 104487218A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
preform
portion section
section
container
openend
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
CN201380039528.3A
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English (en)
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CN104487218B (zh
Inventor
J-P·塞尔维尼
N·达布罗夫斯基
C·德特罗伊斯
E·莱恩
E·鲁普克
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Nestec SA
Original Assignee
Societe dAssistance Technique pour Produits Nestle SA
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Publication of CN104487218A publication Critical patent/CN104487218A/zh
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/24—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer not being coherent before laminating, e.g. made up from granular material sprinkled onto a substrate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B11/00—Making preforms
    • B29B11/04—Making preforms by assembling preformed material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B11/00—Making preforms
    • B29B11/14—Making preforms characterised by structure or composition
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/071—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration, e.g. geometry, dimensions or physical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1222—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a lapped joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1224—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a butt joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/345—Progressively making the joint, e.g. starting from the middle
    • B29C66/3452—Making complete joints by combining partial joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5344—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length, e.g. joining flanges to tube ends
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
    • B29C66/612—Making circumferential joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/63—Internally supporting the article during joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81422—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being convex
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81423—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being concave
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81463—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps comprising a plurality of single pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of sonotrodes, or comprising a plurality of single counter-pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of anvils, said plurality of said single elements being suitable for making a single joint
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B29C66/83221—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis cooperating reciprocating tools, each tool reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/0046—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by constructional aspects of the apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/16—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating
    • B32B37/18—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating involving the assembly of discrete sheets or panels only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D1/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
    • B65D1/02—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents
    • B65D1/0207—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents characterised by material, e.g. composition, physical features
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D1/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
    • B65D1/02—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents
    • B65D1/0223—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents characterised by shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D1/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
    • B65D1/40—Details of walls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B11/00—Making preforms
    • B29B11/06—Making preforms by moulding the material
    • B29B11/08—Injection moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B11/00—Making preforms
    • B29B11/06—Making preforms by moulding the material
    • B29B11/10—Extrusion moulding
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Abstract

一种用于通过提供多个预型件部段(101-103)来制造预型件(100)的方法，每个预型件部段(101-103)限定预型件(100)的一部分，将所述预型件部段(101-103)定位成沿着所述预型件部段(101-103)的至少一个边缘连续相互接触，使得所述多个预型件部段(101-103)限定出腔室(107)，以及将所述预型件部段(101-103)中的每一者结合至至少一个其它预型件部段，使得所述多个预型件部段(101-103)形成连续的整体。

Description

用于制造预型件的方法、预型件及容器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制造预型件、特别是用于容器的制造中的预型件的方法。一般地，本发明涉及由预型件制造容器，例如饮料容器。本发明还涉及一种通过该方法生产的预型件及一种由该预型件制成的容器。
背景技术
在制造容器的技术中众所周知且普遍采用的一种技术是吹塑方法，其中，材料块膨胀以与围绕所述材料块布置的模具的轮廓相匹配。这是通过将工作流体(通常是空气)注入材料块中从而使材料块充胀并引起其塑性变形得到的。
该技术的一个变型是拉伸吹塑法。在拉伸吹塑法中，材料块沿着纵向通过被称为拉伸杆的机械装置变形，并且沿着径向通过充胀变形。该技术被广泛地使用在容器制造领域中，因为该技术可以被采用以快速且经济地生产大量的具有一致的尺寸和物理特性的容器。
在吹塑法和拉伸吹塑法中，材料块被称作“预型件(预制件，塑坯)”。预型件通常由诸如聚丙烯(PP)或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)的热塑性聚合物制成；这种塑料具有普遍便宜、通用、耐用和易于处理的优点。
预型件具有类似于试管的形式，具有管状主体、封闭端和开口端，工作流体被注入开口端中。预型件在其开口端处还可以设有螺纹、凸缘、肩部或其它用于帮助封闭和/或密封由预型件制成的容器的这类装置。
然而，预型件的剩余部分是基本上无特色的塑料管状件，其在工作流体的注入期间变形。预型件的开口端通常不会在容器制造工艺期间变形，这使得完成的容器的颈部和口部的制造在预型件的制造期间就基本上完成了。
预型件通过注塑成型的方法制成，其中，熔化的塑料在很高压力下被注入预型件的模具中。该预型件模具通常包括三个部段：限定预型件的外表面的两个部段，和限定预型件的内表面的一个部段。熔化的塑料经模具中的端口被注入形成预型件的封闭端的位置或该位置附近，并自该位置继续填充模具腔室。一旦完成预型件的模制，使两个外部模具部段退回，经预型件的开口端取出内部模具部段，并移出预型件。
现有技术中已知的制造预型件的方法在多个方面是不利的。
第一，用于制造预型件的现有技术工艺是不利的，在于其要求预型件具有最小厚度，通常约2毫米。具有比该预型件薄的尺寸的注塑成型部件在预型件材料和模制设备中引起了不期望的应力，并且与遵循这种最小厚度的部件相比而言要求更高的注入压力和更多的注射时间来完成注塑成型工艺。该增加的工艺时间将导致注塑成型的使用对于具有否则理想的构型的预型件的大量生产而言在经济上是不可行的。
另外，如果被注入比该最小厚度薄的模具腔室部分中，则熔化的塑料可能过早地凝固，从而阻止整个模具腔室被填充。
该制造预型件的方法是不利的，因为其不允许经济地大量生产具有不是至少2毫米厚的壁部的预型件。因此，在多种情况下，必须以比形成预型件最终将膨胀成的饮料容器实际所需的材料多的材料制造预型件，这浪费了材料并且增加了成本。
第二，现有技术工艺是不利的，在于预型件模具的限定预型件的内部的部段减少了预型件可以具有的可能的形状的数量。更具体地，模具的一部段必须经其开口端从预型件的内部中取出的事实意味着，预型件在任一点处的内径必须绝不超过开口端的内径。否则，将不可能从预型件中取出所述模具部段。因此，具有内径比开口端的内径大的横截面的预型件不可由注塑成型工艺生产。这限制了预型件的可能的几何形状，局限了其用途，以及引申开来地局限了最后由这些预型件制成的容器的适应性和用途。
第三，现有技术工艺是不利的，在于注塑成型步骤的性质要求注射的塑料是同质的。换句话说，预型件的每一个部分必须由相同的材料制成，并且具有与各其它部分相同的物理性质。因此不可能形成例如在一个部分比在另一部分更倾向于膨胀的预型件，或在其整个表面上的颜色或纹理上有变化的预型件。这是不利的，在于其限制了现有技术工艺可以实践的应用，并且降低了其整体用途和适应性。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种用于制造预型件的方法，所述预型件包括更大范围的几何结构和组分，并且可以更好地符合其最后被使用的应用。
根据第一方面，本发明涉及一种用于制造预型件的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：提供多个预型件部段，所述预型件部段中的每一者限定所述预型件的一部分；将所述预型件部段定位成沿着所述预型件部段的至少一个边缘连续相互接触，使得所述多个预型件部段限定出腔室；以及，将所述预型件部段中的每一者结合至至少一个其它预型件部段，使得所述多个预型件部段形成连续的整体。
该方法是有利的，在于通过该方法人们可以制造预型件，其中，根据最后将由该预型件生产的容器的形状使预型件的各区域最优化。因此，预型件作为整体最优地配置成将由预型件制成的容器的形式，减少了预型件所要求的材料的量，并且降低了由预型件生产的容器的成本和重量。
另外，由于该方法允许预型件部段被单独制造，因此预型件的每个部段都可以对于该特定部段而言最优的形式和方法制造，而不考虑相邻的部段的形式。这使得能够实现如在现有技术中使用仅一种制造方法制造一体式预型件的情形下不可行的预型件的制造。
另外，与通过那些可用于制造一体式预型件的方法相比，可以通过更多种方法制造预型件部段。通过本发明的该方面，可以在更多种预型件的制造中实现吹塑的优点。
由于预型件部段被单独地制造并结合到一起，因此模具部分没有必要限定预型件的内部。可以确定这样制成的预型件的形状，而不考虑注塑成型工艺的限制。因此，与在本领域技术中已知的预型件相比，根据本发明的方法制成的预型件可以被制造成具有更复杂并更好地适于将由该预型件形成的容器的形状。
根据本发明的特征，所述结合步骤通过超声波焊接完成。超声波焊接特别适合于制造预型件，因为其快速、清洁并且能够产生具有很大强度的气密密封。这样，可以更快速和高效地实践本发明，同时增加这样制成的预型件的物理特征。
根据本发明的另一特征，通过注塑成型或挤出成型制造预型件部段。
这是有利的，在于用于特别是在预型件制造和容器生产领域中已知的多种塑料的注塑成型和挤出成型的技术可以适于高效率地生产一致的、高质量的预型件部段。
根据另一特征，预型件的在一横截面处的内径比该预型件的在其开口端处的内径大。
这是有利的，在于其允许制造这样的预型件，即，该预型件可更好地适于膨胀成容器的特定形状，但是不能通过其中必须经预型件的开口端将内部模具部分取出的现有技术中已知的方法生产。
根据第二方面，本发明涉及一种用于根据上述方法制造预型件的设备。
这是有利的，在于其体现了上述方法的创新方面，实现了其在制造用于生产容器的预型件中的优点。
根据第三方面，本发明涉及一种预型件，该预型件包括多个预型件部段，每个预型件部段限定了所述预型件的一部分，所述预型件部段中的每一者都被结合至至少一个其它预型件部段，从而构成所述预型件，该预型件具有由所述多个预型件部段限定的腔室。
这是有利的，在于由多个预型件部段制成的预型件可以比在现有技术中已知的一体式预型件更大量的形状和尺寸生产。不能有效地、经济地或可靠地制造成一体件的预型件可以容易地制造成多个预型件部段，所述多个预型件部段随后被结合在一起。
另外，可以通过不同的技术制造预型件部段，每个预型件部段反映出并利用了用于制造该预型件部段的特定技术的优点。这允许以最优效率制造预型件部段，并降低了预型件整体的成本。由此得到的预型件因此可以最小的成本高度适用于广泛的应用。
根据一特征，所述预型件包括与所述腔室连通的开口端，所述开口端设有用于与封闭装置接合的装置。
这是有利的，在于其允许封闭装置附装至由预型件生产的容器而不需要任何额外的准备或结构，从而在容器被填充之后加快容器的封闭和密封。因此，降低了使用由根据本发明的预型件制成的容器的成本。
根据另一特征，预型件部段的壁部具有至少两种不同的厚度。
这是有利的，在于预型件可以配置成使得其在任一区域的厚度对于该区域在预型件膨胀成容器时将经受的膨胀度而言是最优的。
特别地，厚的部段可以被用在期望大量膨胀处，较薄的部段可以被用在发生较少膨胀处。这样，可以使预型件中材料的量以及引申开来由预型件生产的容器的重量最小化。
根据再一个特征，预型件部段具有至少两种不同的固有粘度。
这是有利的，在于其得到了这样的预型件，即，该预型件通过由单种材料制成但是在预型件膨胀成容器时表现不同的多个预型件部段制造。
固有粘度是对塑料的变形倾向的量度并且随着聚合物链长度变化，因此两个预型件部段可以由相同的材料制成却具有不同的固有粘度，从而在预型件膨胀成容器时膨胀至不同程度。
这样，在膨胀成容器期间，可以更精细地控制由多个预型件部段制造的预型件的行为，而仍然维持其它物理特性的整体一致性。
根据又一个特征，预型件部段由至少两种不同的材料制成。
这是有利的，在于每个预型件部段的物理性质可以更好地适于包括它们的预型件。
例如，可能希望容器在其颈部和底部处是耐用的且有弹性的，而在其被紧握的中央部段处是柔软的且易弯的。对应于容器的这些区域的预型件部段因此可以由不同的材料制成，从而更好地满足这些要求。可以改变由这种预型件生产的容器的物理性质，以适应其被使用的应用。
根据又一个特征，预型件部段具有至少两种不同的颜色。
这是有利的，在于由现有技术中已知的一体式预型件生产的容器必须必然全部具有一种颜色。通过由具有多于一种颜色的预型件部段制造预型件，可以由预型件生产在视觉上更多样并且在美学上更吸引人的容器。
根据又一个特征，预型件的在一横截面处的内径比该预型件的在所述预型件的开口端处的内径大。
这是有利的，在于预型件更适于膨胀成具有比与现有技术中已知的预型件可实践的形状更多且不同的形状的容器。
根据又一个特征，预型件包括相对于预型件的纵轴线偏置的开口端。
这是有利的，在于由这种预型件制成的容器因此将设有相对于其轴线偏置的开口端。这使得这种容器在被手持时更易于倾倒，特别是当被制造成较大容量时。包括该特征的预型件因此可以更好地适应于其被使用的应用。
根据又一个特征，预型件还包括布置在所述预型件的表面上的至少一个肋状部。
这是有利的，在于为预型件增加肋状部将在所述预型件膨胀之后得到在表面上具有对应的肋状部的容器。这样的肋状部用于使容器增加强度。
可以总体减小预型件的且由此容器的厚度，而不牺牲容器对外部负载或对其内所含的内容物的压力的抵抗力。
替代地，可以维持预型件的厚度并且增加肋状部，以使得到的容器具有比在现有技术中已知的预型件所能实现的强度大的强度。
本发明的预型件因此使得预型件和容器的制造更廉价，而同时改善了所述预型件和容器对于其被使用的应用的适用性。
根据第四方面，本发明涉及一种由根据上文描述的预型件制成的容器。
这是有利的，在于这样的容器将体现本发明的其它方面和特征。因此在比在本领域技术中已知的容器更坚固、更轻、更经济、更通用并且更好地适合于其各自的应用的容器中实现了本发明的优点。
附图说明
本发明的其它特征和优点也将从下文的描述中显现。
在通过非限制性示例给出的附图中：
-图1描述了根据第一实施例的预型件的剖视图；
-图2描述了根据第二实施例的预型件的剖视图；
-图3描述了由根据第二实施例的预型件制造的容器的侧视图；
-图4描述了根据第三实施例的预型件的剖视图；
-图5描述了由根据第三实施例的预型件制造的容器的侧视图；
-图6描述了根据第四实施例的预型件的侧视图；
-图7描述了根据第四实施例的预型件的移出剖视图；和
-图8a至8c描绘了用于根据本发明的方法制造预型件的设备。
具体实施方式
图1描绘了根据本发明的第一实施例的预型件。在用于制造图1的预型件100的第一步骤中，提供了多个预型件部段101-103，各部段基本上是环形的，并且限定了预型件100的一部分。在该实施例中，预型件100包括口部部段101、主体部段102和尾部部段103。优选地，预型件部段101-103关于预型件100的纵轴线104对称。
在用于制造预型件100的第二步骤中，预型件部段101-103被定位成使得它们沿着所述预型件部段101-103的至少一个边缘连续相互接触。在该实施例中，口部部段101的边缘沿着第一接缝105与主体部段102的边缘连续接触。主体部段102的第二边缘在第二接缝106处与尾部部段103的边缘连续接触。因此，以该方式布置预型件部段101-103，在预型件100中限定了与开口端108连通的腔室107。
一旦被定位成相互接触，预型件部段101-103就沿着第一和第二接缝105和106相互结合，使得预型件部段101-103形成连续的预型件100.
该结合步骤优选地通过超声波焊接完成，超声波焊接能够快速地在食品级塑料中产生清洁的、高强度的结合，因此对于制造用于饮料容器的预型件是理想的。然而，应当理解的是，其它诸如热密封或粘合的方法对于其它应用或预型件材料可以是适当的。
优选地，预型件部段101-103中的每一者都是根据对于该特定的预型件部段而言最有效且得到最好结果的方法制造而成。例如，口部部段101设有用于与诸如螺口式盖子111的封闭装置配合的螺纹109和边部110，并且口部部段101整体较厚；因此可以通过注塑成型最佳地完成该口部部段的制造。类似地，主体部段102基本上是无特色的管状件，并且比口部部段101或尾部部段103薄得多；可以通过挤出成型或类似方法最佳地制造主体部段102。这样，人们可以配置预型件部段101-103的制造，从而使得到的预型件100的性能最佳。
图2描绘了根据本发明的第二实施例的预型件。预型件200由五个预型件部段组成：口部部段201、扩张部段202、主体部段203、收缩部段204和尾部部段205。如上文在第一实施例中所述，预型件部段201-205被定位成沿着它们的边缘连续接触，并且沿着多个接缝206-209相互结合，以形成预型件200。如在第一实施例中一样，预型件部段201-205的布置在预型件200中限定了腔室210。
虽然预型件200在各接缝206-209处结合，但是应当理解的是，预型件部段的可选择的构型可以需要较少的结合来制造预型件。对于特别的应用，可以优化预型件部段及其相互结合处的接缝的精确构型。
圆筒形的主体部段203具有比口部部段201和尾部部段205大的直径，因而本身不能直接与口部部段201和尾部部段205结合。扩张部段202和收缩部段204因此是圆锥截锥体的形状，以允许主体部段203连接至口部和尾部部段201和205。
制造本发明的预型件的方法允许人们制造这样的预型件，即，其中预型件的任何部段处的直径不受预型件的在其开口端处的直径的限制。在图2中，预型件200在其开口端211处具有直径D1，直径D1小于在主体部段203处的直径D2。
预型件部段可以被配置成使得其具有不同厚度。在预型件被制造成容器时将经受高度膨胀(特别是径向膨胀)的预型件部段可以被制造成具有厚的壁部。对应于完成的容器的将需要高强度的区域的预型件部段也可以被制造成具有厚的壁部。相反地，对应于低度膨胀的区域的预型件部段可以被制造成具有薄的壁部。这样，可以使用于制造预型件的材料的量最少。
图2示出口部部段201和尾部部段205被制造成比扩张部段、主体部段和收缩部段202-204厚。当预型件200膨胀成容器时，尾部部段205将经受大量的径向膨胀，这使其厚度的增加成为必需。口部部段201将不经受膨胀，但是由于其包括将附装封闭装置的螺纹212和边部213，因此口部部段201被有利地制造成具有附加的厚度，以提供增加的强度。这在用于碳酸饮料和其它在压力下的物质的容器中是特别有利的。
图3描绘了由图2的预型件制成的容器。容器300具有大的直径。如图3中所示，在预型件中使用扩张部段和收缩部段202和204允许容器300被制造成具有比另外使用本领域技术中已知方法可实现的直径大的直径。
图4描绘了根据本发明的第三实施例的预型件。预型件400由八个预型件部段401-408制成，预型件部段401-408被配置成如图所示地相互接触并且在多个接缝409-415处沿着它们的边缘结合。由此得到的预型件400因此设有与开口端417连通的腔室416。预型件400是基本上类似于沙漏的形状，其在膨胀时将得到基本上沙漏形的容器。
预型件部段401-408还在它们的内表面上设有肋状部418。这些肋状部418用于为由预型件400制成的容器增加附加的结构强度和抵抗力。
虽然图4描绘了沙漏形的预型件的示例，但是本发明的方法允许在预型件中以及通过膨胀而在容器中实现多种其它形状、纹理(结构)和轮廓。本发明因此大大增加了可能的容器形状和尺寸的多样性。
另外，由多个预型件部段制造预型件允许单独选择各预型件部段的材料属性。在图4中，两个主体部段403和407由具有与预型件400的其余部段的颜色不同的颜色的塑料制成。在一变型中，预型件可以包括由不同材料制成的预型件部段。在另一变型中，预型件部段可以由包括同类聚合物但具有不同的固有粘度的塑料制成。由此得到的预型件在一些区域比在其它区域更倾向于变形，但这些区域的物理性质是相同的。这样，本发明大大增加了在吹塑工艺中使用的预型件以及通过膨胀如此生产的各种容器的灵活性和适应性。
图5描绘了由图4的预型件制成的容器。容器500大体上是沙漏形状的，该形状对应于图4的预型件400的形状。容器500还设有两个颜色对比带状区501和502，颜色对比带状区501和502对应于图4中描绘的主体部段403和407。
图6描绘了根据本发明的第四实施例的预型件。预型件600由三个预型件部段制成：基本上环形的颈部部段601，和两个主体部段602和603。主体部段602和603是基本上相同的，并且沿着纵向接缝604结合以形成预型件主体605，该预型件主体605是基本上管状的并且在第一端部606处封闭。颈部部段601在第二端部607处沿着圆周接缝608结合至预型件主体605，从而产生限定有腔室609的预型件600。
颈部部段601设有具有中心线611的口部610。预型件口部中心线611相对于预型件主体中心线612偏置，这在图7的截面A-A中更详细地示出。
图7是预型件600的腔室609的朝着颈部部段601的内表面看的剖视图。口部610具有口部中心613，口部中心613对应于图6的预型件口部中心线611。预型件主体605具有主体中心614，主体中心614也对应于图6的预型件主体中心线612。口部中心和主体中心613和614以偏距Doffset彼此偏置。
当根据该实施例的预型件600被制造成容器时，所得到的容器将具有相对于容器的整体中心线偏置的颈部。这样的容器将易于倾倒，特别是大容量地倾倒。
图8a至8c描绘了一种用于根据上述方法制造预型件的设备。更具体地，图8a至8c描绘了该设备在用于通过超声波焊接结合两个预型件部段的步骤之前、期间和之后的布置。
图8a描绘了在用于结合两个预型件部段的步骤之前的所述设备。该设备设有上部部段800和下部部段801。上部部段800设有配合凸缘802，而下部部段801设有肩部803和构造成接纳上部部段800的配合凸缘802的沉孔(埋头孔)804。
另外，力集中器805布置在下部部段801的沉孔804的横向表面上。力集中器805理想地配置成具有三角形截面的圆周脊状部，但提供具有不同于本文所描述的其它尺寸、布置或截面的力集中器可以反而是有利的。
优选地，当上部部段800的配合凸缘802插入下部部段801的沉孔804中时，力集中器805将与配合凸缘802形成轻微的过盈配合(紧配合)。这将用于在结合步骤之前将两个部段800和801保持在一起，从而有助于它们在生产/制造环境中的处理和结合。
所述设备设有超声波砧(ultrasonic anvil)806和两个超声波角(ultrasonic horn)807。超声波砧806是基本上杆状的，而超声波角807配置成具有半圆形切口808的板状件。半圆形切口808优选地配置成在肩部803处与下部部段801基本上匹配，但应当理解的是，对于其它实施例而言，可以优选地提供具有其它构型的超声波砧和超声波角。
图8b描绘了结合步骤期间的所述设备。上部部段800插入下部部段801中，使得配合凸缘802布置在沉孔804内。超声波砧806已进入上部部段800中，且超声波角807已横向地进入下部部段801中，借此将两个部段800和801在介于两者之间的界面809处挤压在一起。超声波角807被制造成以超声波频率振动，从而由摩擦产生热量，该热量使上部部段和下部部段一起熔化并且结合。
图8c描绘了结合步骤已完成之后的所述设备。预型件部段800和801已结合在一起，得到连续的一体件810。超声波砧806和超声波角807缩回，该工艺可以重复，用于另一对预型件部段。
当然，本发明不限制于上述实施例和随附实施例。在不背离本发明的保护范围的情况下，特别是对各元件的结构或技术等同方案的替代的改变是可能的。
特别地，应当注意的是，预型件部段的构型和布置不限制于给出的示例及其微小的变化。构型与上述环形的和纵向分开的变型不同的预型件部段是可能的，并且将允许制造多种未在该文献中描述但在本发明的范围内的不同类型的预型件。
因此，在不背离本文公开的发明原理的情况下，可以由前文的描述改变得到本发明的用于实践的准确构型。相应地，本发明的范围意在是示例性的而不是限制性的，并且本发明的范围由至少部分地源于本发明的任何权利要求限定。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于制造预型件(100，200，400，600)的方法，包括以下步骤：
-提供多个预型件部段(101-103，201-205，401-408，601-603，800-801)，所述预型件部段(101-103，201-205，401-408，601-603，800-801)中的每一者限定预型件(100，200，400，600)的一部分；
-将所述预型件部段(101-103，201-205，401-408，601-603，800-801)定位成沿着所述预型件部段(101-103，201-205，401-408，601-603，800-801)的至少一个边缘连续相互接触，使得所述多个预型件部段(101-103，201-205，401-408，601-603，800-801)限定出腔室(107，210，416，609)；以及
-将所述预型件部段(101-103，201-205，401-408，601-603，800-801)中的每一者结合至至少一个其它预型件部段(101-103，201-205，401-408，601-603，800-801)，使得所述多个预型件部段(101-103，201-205，401-408，601-603，800-801)形成连续的整体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述结合步骤通过超声波焊接完成。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，通过注塑成型或挤出成型制造所述预型件部段(101-103，201-205，401-408，601-603，800-801)。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述预型件(200)的在一横截面处的内径(D2)比该预型件(200)的在其开口端(211)处的内径(D1)大。
5.一种设备，该设备用于根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法制造预型件(100，200，400，600)。
6.一种预型件(100，200，400，600)，包括多个预型件部段(101-103，201-205，401-408，601-603)，每个预型件部段(101-103，201-205，401-408，601-603)限定了所述预型件(100，200，400，600)的一部分，所述预型件部段(101-103，201-205，401-408，601-603)中的每一者结合至至少一个其它预型件部段(101-103，201-205，401-408，601-603)，从而构成具有由所述多个预型件部段(101-103，201-205，401-408，601-603)限定的腔室(107，210，416，609)的所述预型件(100，200，400，600)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的预型件，其特征在于，所述预型件(100)包括与所述腔室(107)连通的开口端(108)，所述开口端(108)设有用于与封闭装置(111)相互接合的装置(109，110)。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的预型件，其特征在于，所述预型件部段(101-103，201-205，401-408)的壁部具有至少两种不同的厚度。
9.根据权利要求6至8中任一项所述的预型件，其特征在于，所述预型件部段(101-103，201-205，401-408，601-603)具有至少两种不同的固有粘度。
10.根据权利要求6至9中任一项所述的预型件，其特征在于，所述预型件部段(101-103，201-205，401-408，601-603)由至少两种不同的材料制成。
11.根据权利要求6至10中任一项所述的预型件，其特征在于，所述预型件部段(401-408)具有至少两种不同的颜色。
12.根据权利要求6至11中任一项所述的预型件，其特征在于，所述预型件(200)的在一横截面处的内径(D2)比该预型件(200)的在所述预型件(200)的开口端(211)处的内径(D1)大。
13.根据权利要求6至12中任一项所述的预型件，其特征在于，所述预型件(600)包括相对于该预型件(600)的纵轴线(612)偏置的开口端(610)。
14.根据权利要求6至13中任一项所述的预型件，其特征在于，所述预型件还包括设置在所述预型件(400)的表面上的至少一个肋状部(418)。
15.一种容器(300，500)，其由根据权利要求6至14中任一项所述的预型件(100，200，400，600)制成。
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