CN104480951B - A kind of method of flinty slope ecology softening - Google Patents
A kind of method of flinty slope ecology softening Download PDFInfo
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- CN104480951B CN104480951B CN201410672068.4A CN201410672068A CN104480951B CN 104480951 B CN104480951 B CN 104480951B CN 201410672068 A CN201410672068 A CN 201410672068A CN 104480951 B CN104480951 B CN 104480951B
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Abstract
The method that present invention relates particularly to a kind of hard (include that hardened and unhardened and need the bank protection of restoration of the ecosystem) slope protection ecologic softening, namely under not destroying original protective slope structure premise, start backfill block and element soil by elementary layer and tamp from the lowermost layer of original bank protection, and lay is put more energy into net and put more energy into muscle on elementary layer；Also can on elementary layer pre-buried paving seepage water pipe.Block can be substituted and element soil forms sandy soil layer by sandy soil when being backfilling into original bank protection top.After backfill, the geotextiles of one layer of ventilative water permeability of lay on element soil layer inclined-plane, then from bottommost, gabion is upwards successively installed along inclined-plane, when construction environment conditions permit can disposable installation gabion, gap between gabion or field planting adaptive plant in the middle of gabion.The slope protection ecologic of hard can be softened by the method, and non-hard also needs the bank protection repaired to be repaired；Not only contribute to the more stable of bank protection；Also help building materials garbage and life produces after waste residue effectively processes and provides recycling effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to slope protection ecologic process for comprehensively treating field, the method being specifically related to a kind of hard (include that hardened and unhardened and need the bank protection of restoration of the ecosystem) slope protection ecologic softening.
Background technology
According to " Ecology in China repairs industry market prediction and the report prediction of investment strategy planning application " display, the deterioration of the ecological environment shows as the aspects such as vegetation is destroyed, soil erosion, desertification.According to Second National land erosion remote sensing investigation, China's soil erosion area is 3,560,000 square kilometres, sandy land 1,740,000 square kilometres, the annual soil total amount run off reaches 5,000,000,000 tons, in 113108 mines, the whole nation, goaf area is about 134.9 ten thousand hectares, and the land area that mining activity takies or destroys 238.3 ten thousand hectares, vegetation deterioration is serious.The deterioration of the ecological environment in recent years is more and more obvious to the dysgenic performance of the mankind, strengthens improvement of the ecological environment and puts into protect more and more fragile ecological environment very urgent.
In order to tackle climate change and improve the ecological environment, the Chinese government proposes the year two thousand twenty whole nation afforestation rate increases to 23% from current 20%, and the year two thousand fifty afforestation rate reaches and stablizes the target more than 26%.Current relevant department has started to emphasis and puts into the land management work of the aspect such as Mine ecology reparation and desert treatment, and wherein restoration of the ecosystem has become an emerging improvement of the ecological environment field.
So-called restoration of the ecosystem refers to and ecosystem is stopped artificial disturbance, with the pressure that lightens the load, the capacity of self-regulation relying on ecosystem makes it develop to orderly direction with self organization ability, or utilize this self-recovery ability of ecosystem, it is aided with artificial measures, makes the ecosystem destroyed progressively recover or make ecosystem develop to benign cycle direction；Refer mainly to be devoted to recovery and the reconstruction of those natural ecosystems being damaged under natural mutation and mankind's activity activity affect, restored ecosystem looks originally, the forest such as cut down to be planted, and concedes the land to forestry. and allow animal return in original living environment.So, ecosystem obtains better recovery, is called " restoration of the ecosystem ".
Bank protection refers to as preventing side slope from being washed away, the various general designations paved and plant done on domatic.Such as section, bridge site place, the concave bank on riverbank is met year by year by current scour, and riverbank can be made constantly to cave in.For protecting bridge and embankment safety, protective structure must be built at concave bank.Additionally, cause river to flow to change because setting bridge, concave bank and when jeopardizing farmland and villages and small towns, also must build protective structure on riverbank.Urban river bank protection is the important intermediate zone that aquatic ecosystem and terrestrial ecosystems carry out material, energy, information exchange, existence and the main space of procreation can be provided for various aquatiles, simultaneously to increasing animals and plants species kind source, improve bio-diversity and Productivity of Ecological System, control soil erosion, stable banks, adjustment micro climate and beautify the environment, carry out tourist activity and all have important reality and potentiality meaning.But owing to current many rivers bank protection is by hardening and channelization, results in river bank protection and completely lose as the function of ecotone.Therefore, river flinty slope is carried out restoration of the ecosystem and become the study hotspot of current China urban river restoration of the ecosystem.
Additionally, along with the demand for development of domestic economy, the lasting large scale investment to mineral products, infrastructure construction and water conservancy and hydropower etc., country also puts into substantial contribution for repairing the ecological disruption that infrastructure construction causes.By 2015, the total size of China's ecological construction industry was up to 300,000,000,000.Along with the trend of domestic GDP development " first pollute, administer afterwards " is further obvious, consequent restoration of the ecosystem industry more has the developing market more than trillion.
The patent of invention that Authorization Notice No. is CN102561264B reports a kind of ecological revetment and construction method thereof, its ecological revetment is one group of marker space being arranged on flinty slope, sets gradually from the bottom to top as substrate soil layer, metalling and vegetable layer in every piece of marker space；Its construction method comprises the following steps: preparation substrate soil, builds marker space by laying bricks or stones, and the substrate soil of configuration in upper step is inserted marker space, plant vegetable layer, and spread metalling on vegetable layer on substrate soil layer on flinty slope.In the invention, described marker space is still made up of cement dividing wall, and cement dividing wall must be piled up on former bank protection, adds the burden of restitution bank protection, and former bank protection is had certain infringement.But at present, in ecological environmental protection with restoration harness technical specification, it is desirable in the process repair slope protection ecologic, both can not destroy or change structure and the surface layer of original bank protection without the need for the concrete of heavy contamination.Therefore, restoration of the ecosystem is had great importance by the manual method developing any structure of a kind of (containing unhardened and need restoration of the ecosystem) bank protection hardened without concrete and not destroying and the ecological revetment of surface layer.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of method that flinty slope ecology softens, the method, completely without concrete and the structure and the surface layer that do not destroy original bank protection, has that good bank protection is stable, vegetation repair, animal habitat habitat, waste residue refuse reclamation, pollution of area source material Filtration Adsorption are decomposed and the dynamic repair function such as ecoscape.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme is that
A kind of method of flinty slope ecology softening, the step including being carried out below:
(1) outside original bank protection, along the block nitride layer of bank protection backfill and the plain soil layer for plant growing
Without concrete and do not destroy original bank protection premise under, start to backfill by elementary layer from the lowermost layer original bank protection, one elementary layer one elementary layer stacks until original bank protection top, the backfill of described block nitride layer and element soil layer carries out simultaneously, described block nitride layer is bordered with former bank protection, and described element soil layer is bordered with block nitride layer；The backfill of described block nitride layer and element soil layer carries out as follows: start backfill from the lowermost layer original bank protection, after the block nitride layer of each elementary layer and element soil layer backfill, namely mechanical implement or hand compaction are adopted, then on the elementary layer of compacting, layer overlay is put more energy into net, after net laying of putting more energy into is put, put more energy into muscle in online or lower tiling of putting more energy into again, described muscle of putting more energy into is the strip that one end is provided with anchor fluke, original bank protection top layer is stretched to by block nitride layer in this one end being provided with anchor fluke, but can without any contact point or the strong point with original bank protection top layer, anchor fluke grasps in the block nitride layer nearest from original bank protection top layer；The inserts of described block nitride layer is one or more in the waste residue that building materials barren rock material, stone, stone cement, sandstone and life produce；Described net of putting more energy into is that one or more grid types worked out in bonding jumper, corrosion resistant Wooden stripe and corrosion resistant plastic strip are put more energy into net；The material of described muscle of putting more energy into is one or more in metal, corrosion resistant wooden and corrosion resistant plastics；Backfill by elementary layer according to described method, until the height of original bank protection；
(2) gradient is arranged
Method according to step (1), after backfill, require the gradient of bank protection according to detail design, adopt artificial or facility to cut down the element soil of the plain soil layer super thick degree backfilled, make element soil layer extexine surface slope consistent with the gradient of detail design requirement bank protection；
(3) geotextiles is laid
The geotextiles of one layer of ventilative water permeability of lay on plain soil layer extexine inclined-plane after step (2) processes, it is prevented that in the regular period, the element soil outflow backfilled.Meanwhile, all kinds of area source pollutants of its process are also had certain absorption and filter efficacy by this geotextiles.
(4) gabion successively install and adaptive plant while field planting
In step (3) after geotextiles lay, then again from the bottommost on the geotechnological layer of cloth inclined-plane outside element soil layer, gabion is upwards successively installed along this inclined-plane, muscle one end without anchor fluke of putting more energy into through geotextiles, is extended the extexine of gabion and ties up solid or be welded on the extexine of gabion simultaneously described in step (1)；After all gabions install, then adopt link muscle at the extexine of described gabion, respectively along the laterally or longitudinally direction of gabion by integral to the link of each gabion or bind；Described link muscle is one or more in bonding jumper, corrosion resistant Wooden stripe and corrosion resistant plastic strip；Then gap between gabion or field planting adaptive plant in gabion.The installation of above-mentioned gabion and the field planting step of plant, when the good condition of construction environment, also can directly with the corrosion-resistant materials such as antirust iron silk screen, antirust steel mesh according to the formation intention of gabion on bank protection once property be compiled into gabion box, implants such as putting cobblestone, slabstone, building materials barren rock is filled out again by designing requirement, put while these implants plant needed for field planting filling out, use this method can reduce construction costs.
In the present invention, described muscle of putting more energy into is preferably two ends and is equipped with the strip of anchor fluke.
The method of the flinty slope ecology softening of the present invention, when not destroying any structure and the surface layer of (containing unhardened and the need restoration of the ecosystem) bank protection hardened without concrete yet, backfill building materials barren rock material, stone, stone cement, sandstone and life produce the blocks such as waste residue and the element soil for plant growing, facility or hand compaction；Tamp one layer of layer overlay to put more energy into net, the first-selected bamboo chip of net of putting more energy into, then select other corrosion resistant wooden, plastics or metallicity bar, sheet to be compiled into reticular pattern；After net laying of putting more energy into is put, it is piece muscle of putting more energy into of unit lay further according to each gabion, put more energy into muscle first-selection metal material, select other corrosion resistant wooden, plastic strips again, this put more energy into muscle and original bank protection top layer can without any contact point or the strong points, and muscle of putting more energy into is laid on or below net of putting more energy into, described in muscle of putting more energy into be the strip that one end is provided with anchor fluke, original bank protection top layer is stretched to by block nitride layer in this one end having anchor fluke, and anchor fluke grasps in the block nitride layer nearest from original bank protection top layer；Muscle one end without anchor fluke of simultaneously putting more energy into extends the extexine of gabion through geotextiles and grasps or link or bind is on the most corrosion resistant position of extexine of gabion, under the effect of put more energy into net and the muscle of putting more energy into laid, and the block nitride layer that can stably backfill and element soil layer.So successively operation, until the height of requirement of engineering.Further according to the gradient needed for engineering, the element soil of the super thick degree of backfilled thing cut down by artificial or facility.The geotextiles of this one layer of ventilative water permeability of inclined-plane lay again, it is prevented that in the regular period, the element soil outflow backfilled.Then, outside geotextiles again from lowermost layer, successively installing and field planting while adaptive plant of gabion is completed scientifically and rationally.Gabion can adopt gabion structure of the prior art, it is possible to " method that plant hedge river levee slope protection ecologic is administered " (the patent application number of accepting 2013106817346) the intention principle applied for reference to inventor completes successively installing and field planting while adaptive plant of gabion.When each gabion is installed, should in time by pre-buried muscle of putting more energy into through gabion to extexine, and muscle one end without anchor fluke of putting more energy into is linked or together with bind with the most corrosion resistant position of gabion extexine, fix gabion and kept globality with the block nitride layer of backfill and plain soil layer, it is prevented that external impacts has made it move.After all gabions install, then with link muscle at the extexine of gabion, laterally or longitudinally property by integral to the link of each gabion or bind, make more firm the connecting together of gabion, strengthen the impact on gabion and bank protection of the various external force.The plant of gabion layer field planting, field planting early stage, root system of plant grows into element soil layer or block nitride layer not yet completely, the root system of plant can't consolidate element soil layer or block nitride layer, during bank protection after still can not stably softening, the net of putting more energy into laid during backfill, the link muscle putting more energy into muscle and gabion top layer play substituted plant root system and the effect of plants shoots graft stabilizer bank protection, the firm bank protection being newly formed, namely the solid soil of root system in order to ensure plant become net still can not stably soften with the branch grafting of plant after bank protection time early stage vicarious function；Prolongation over time, put more energy into net, put more energy into muscle and link muscle will gradually aging, broken, corruption to disappearance, meanwhile, root system and the branch grafting net of plant are more and more firm, intensive, now, even if putting more energy into net, put more energy into muscle and link muscle has been degenerated to disappearance, nor affect on the stability of softening bank protection.Therefore, the root system of plant and branch grafting net firmly after, how long the life-span of plant has, and how long the life-span of this ecological revetment just has.If the life-span of bank protection need to be extended, required domestication of plants is gone by the form that can shift to an earlier date cuttage or sowing at element soil layer, and such maneuver is gone round and begun again, and this bank protection can realize putting things right once and for all, and is handed down from age to age, is forever benefited.Therefore, in the present invention, evaded concrete use, be that the of low pollution low emission ecological technique of the present invention is started the engine；The net of putting more energy into laid during backfill, the link muscle putting more energy into muscle and gabion top layer are the core engineering structure technology intention of the present invention.
A kind of method of the flinty slope ecology softening of the present invention, preferably, in described step (1), backfill by elementary layer according to described method, when being backfilled to close to original bank protection top, adopt sandy soil to replace block and element soil backfills, until the height of original bank protection, do not need compacting.
Preferably, described sandy soil are planted adaptive plant.Being backfilling into the following certain position of peak, the sandy soil being replaced by ventilative water permeability good backfill, and this layer of position does not need compacting；The plant of first-selected plantation above; both the pollutant that granule is big can have been intercepted; also may filter that, decompose or adsorb certain area source pollutants; play first time initial filter effect; surface layer soil and sandstone also can be protected to avoid moving under the External Force Acting of natural wind and rain drop erosion, ensured the stability on top surface.The area source pollutants such as more than bank protection top farmland, road, market town are after the ground floor sandy soil hybrid filtering layer that rainwater flows to this ecological revetment, except being had certain purifying functions except the plant net absorption along gabion and gabion wall, decomposition, filtration fraction ground surface source pollutants by this process, the mineral that some Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing potassium is laid particular stress on, seepage layer by layer in the side of backfill, particularly the biological naturally water that anaerobic processes emit therebetween is almost without hazardness.Top layer sandy soil layer, lay gabion the area source pollutants of rainwash is had certain initial filter effect, the area source pollutants of rainwash is had certain absorption, decomposition and filtration by the plant hedge of root system of plant on top layer sandy soil layer, the geotextiles of lay and gabion outgrowth, and the pollutant of seepage are had certain absorption, decomposition, filtration by the backfill thing (including block nitride layer and plain soil layer) in the backfill side below the sandy soil layer of top layer and within geotechnique's layer of cloth.Filtered gabion layer corresponding plant of can choosing seeds pointedly, adsorbed and decomposed.Accordingly, the polluter situation according to this construction site, it is possible to plant the plant should be able to adsorbed and decompose mutually.Corresponding plant can also be cultivated, as in order to enrich the recurrence of all kinds of animal and perch, just cultivated the plant that these animals are liked according to the needs of construction environment；As not being weary of throughout the year for people, just cultivate the plant of flowers different throughout the year and blade；In order to promote the restoration of the ecosystem class of bank protection, it is also possible on the plants shoots cultivated, become the earth art such as the pattern of all kinds of artistry, word with the method grafting of grafting, the dynamic mini world of ecological revetment of dynamically charming harmony between man and nature can be formed.
The method of the present invention can be additionally used in repairs not yet hard and needs the bank protection of restoration of the ecosystem, if constructing by the technology of the present invention, naturally coincideing of ecological revetment and original soil can also be kept, biology in backfill side also can freely commute original soil of non-hard, it is thus possible to keep association of plants and animals freely movable, Spontaneous release and the recovery Ecology Action etc. of this subenvironment.
The method of a kind of flinty slope ecology softening of the present invention, it is preferred that in the process of block nitride layer and element soil layer backfill, also pre-buried seepage water pipe in block nitride layer and element soil layer；The exposure head of described seepage water pipe stretches out geotextiles and is close to gabion, and the hidden head of described seepage water pipe is in block nitride layer or element soil layer.Preferably, the hidden head of described seepage water pipe is provided with drainage screen or filter membrane, it is prevented that silt blocking seepage water pipe.In the present invention, according to the size of bank protection and length, at certain position, to backfill and flexible pre-buried seepage water pipe in compacting process, first-selected can the thick bamboo tube of draining through what manually disclose the heart, it is also possible to other drain pipies.The hidden head of this drain pipe to prevent silt from blocking, in addition filtration treatment；The exposure head of drain pipe to stretch out geotextiles and be close to gabion, it is prevented that the element soil inside geotextiles is met current and lost.
The method of a kind of flinty slope ecology of the present invention softening, preferably, in described step (1), in the process of block nitride layer and element soil layer backfill, also along its longitudinal position and the horizontal position pre-buried material with water absorption and water storage respectively in element soil layer.The material that the described material with water absorption and water storage is discarded in daily life produces.The described material with water absorption and water storage is sponge etc. discarded after the discarded leftover pieces of cloth processing factory and/or processing factory's packaging.In the present invention, size according to bank protection and length, will at certain longitudinal position and certain horizontal position, backfill and compacting element soil process become the veiny type flexible pre-buried water absorption in ground and the good daily life of water storage produce the material discarded, the leftover pieces that first-selected cloth processing factory is discarded, secondly discarded after optional packaging sponge goods and materials etc., these garbages with water absorption and water storage are embedded in inside backfill thing, the root system of plant that attached ground water resource is needs water suction from bottom to top provides natural tap water, guarantee that prosthetic waters to pour water or long-time the Heavenly Stems hydropenia affect plant growth phenomenon generation.
The method of a kind of flinty slope ecology of the present invention softening, underground soil property as outer in original bank protection is relatively soft, then before the block nitride layer of backfill and element soil layer, stone or plain concrete (cement-free raw material) is adopted to carry out building backfill, form firm basis, ensure that the bank protection being newly formed does not glide, do not subside, it is ensured that its stability.
The method of a kind of flinty slope ecology of the present invention softening, final purpose is to soften the slope protection ecologic of hard also to need the bank protection repaired to be repaired with non-hard；The method adopting the present invention, is conducive to the more stable of bank protection；Be conducive to building materials garbage and life to produce after waste residue effectively processes and recycling effect is provided；Being conducive to the Biomass release of plant and freely returning and perching of animal, bio-diversity is repaired；The area source pollutants being conducive to rainwash is filtered, adsorbed and is decomposed, and has extenuated the bearing capacity of the polluter in bank protection downstream；The dynamic landscape being conducive to this environment is rich and varied; demonstration effect is played for harmonious co-existence between man and nature; new page is opened for energy-saving and emission-reduction; there is provided new technology and method for republic's ecological construction, periodically administer sustainable protection exploitation engineering research and development for domestic and international slope protection ecologic and opened up new approaches.
The present invention is by the natural law of plant growing, although by that hardened or unhardened and need the river levee bank protection of restoration of the ecosystem, highway slope protection, railway bank protection, light rail bank protection, farmland to cultivate the bank protection etc. in the land management engineering of ground bank protection, deserted mountain famine slope protection and the aspect such as Mine ecology reparation and desert treatment, softened by the new method of this ecology, seek again to create, guide or accelerate natural evolvement process, create good condition, promote that this community development becomes by the complete ecosystem of local species composition.The present invention utilizes the intention of gabion, the stability of bank protection should be reached, there is provided for local various animals again and perch habitat accordingly, it to be also pollution of area source material performance automatic fitration effect of the rainwash of this section, advancing side by side of three big main ecological functions, naturally, the ecological revetment landscape function of the beautiful people of suction just erupts and goes out.The high pollution slope protection construction techniques such as the alternative traditional concrete of method of the present invention, recover natural ecosystem, are with a wide range of applications.
The Advantageous Effects of the present invention: the method for a kind of flinty slope ecology softening of the present invention, has the following characteristics that
(1) method of a kind of flinty slope ecology softening of the present invention, it not be used in inside original bank protection or slot, drill, punch and install fixing point, the strong point etc. in surface, structure and the surface layer of original bank protection will not be destroyed, do not destroy the stability of original bank protection.
(2) method of the present invention, the backfill of block nitride layer and element soil layer is to be synchronously performed.The bank protection of block nitride layer and former hard is bordered, and the plain soil for plant growing is that the geotextiles with the air-and water-permeable in the present invention is bordered.It is to say, from the inside to surface, the inside is former bank protection, and what be bordered is block nitride layer, then what be bordered is element soil layer, then what border on is geotextiles.
(3) height of block nitride layer and element soil layer backfill is to determine according to former slope protection construction environment and engine request.It can however not disposable backfill is tamped after putting in place again, otherwise, it is impossible to ensure its stability.
(4) net of putting more energy into adopted in the present invention, put more energy into muscle and the link muscle on gabion top layer be in order to ensure the solid soil of the root system of plant become net still can not stably soften with the branch grafting of plant after bank protection time early stage vicarious function；Prolongation over time, net of putting more energy into, put more energy into muscle and link muscle will gradually aging, broken, corruption to disappearance, meanwhile, root system and the branch grafting net of plant are more and more firm, intensive, form a stable ecosystem.
(5) backfill time science Selection utilization building materials garbage and life produce waste residue and through effectively process after recycling recycling, for various places rise suddenly and sharply life produce garbage disposal provide wide recycling space.
(6) top layer sandy soil layer, lay gabion the area source pollutants of rainwash is had certain initial filter effect, the area source pollutants of rainwash is had certain adsorption by the plant hedge of root system of plant on top layer sandy soil layer, the geotextiles of lay and gabion outgrowth, and the pollutant of seepage are had certain filtration, absorption, decomposition by the backfill thing below the sandy soil layer of top layer and within geotechnique's layer of cloth.According to the polluter situation repairing location, can be filtered sandy soil layer, gabion layer corresponding plant of can choosing seeds pointedly, adsorbed and decomposed.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the web frame schematic diagram of putting more energy into of the 500mm × 500mm adopted in embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation (2-A is the muscle of putting more energy into that one end is provided with anchor fluke, and 2-B is the muscle of putting more energy into that preferred two ends are equipped with anchor fluke) of muscle of putting more energy into.
Fig. 3 is put more energy into muscle scattergram (3-A) in ecological revetment and the muscle attachment structure schematic diagram (3-B) with gabion of putting more energy into.
Fig. 4 is the attachment structure schematic diagram in embodiment 1 between gabion layer gabion.
Fig. 5 is the cross-sectional view of the softening bank protection built up according to the method for the present invention in embodiment 1.
Fig. 6 is the web frame schematic diagram of putting more energy into of the 300mm × 500mm adopted in embodiment 2.
Fig. 7 is the cross-sectional view of the softening bank protection built up according to preferred method.
Fig. 8 is the distributed architecture schematic diagram of element soil layer, geotextiles and gabion layer.
Fig. 9 is the structural representation (in figure, 9-A is cross section is oval gabion, and 9-B is cross section is the gabion of cuboid, and 9-C is cross section is trapezoidal gabion, and 9-D be cylinder gabion) of gabion.
Figure 10 is the distribution schematic diagram of the bamboo cage of gabion and gabion net.
Figure 11 is the attachment structure schematic diagram in embodiment 2 between gabion layer gabion.
Figure 12 is the side view of the softening bank protection built up according to currently preferred method.
Wherein, 1 original bank protection, 2 block nitride layer, 3 element soil layers, 4 geotextiles, 5 gabion layers, 6 put more energy into net, and 7 put more energy into muscle, gap between 8 gabions, 9 link muscle, 10 sandy soil layers, 11 bases, 12 seepage water pipes, 13 cages, 14 gabion nets, 15 gabions, 16 bamboo nails, 17 wire drawings (link muscle), the plant of field planting, 19 plant graft points in 18 gabion gaps or in gabion.
Detailed description of the invention
Hereinafter with reference to accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail.The experimental technique of unreceipted actual conditions in preferred embodiment, conventionally condition carries out.
Embodiment 1 hard river levee slope protection ecologic softens
Before construction, construction site is cleared up, manually or mechanically root out the weeds in job site, hydrops during job site is protected, mechanical equivalent of light excavation goes out groove, carries out natural drainage to low-lying river, the table soil removed is transported to the outer spoil ground of roadbed, must not therefore affect the unimpeded of road, Existing reinforced concrete bridge in boundary of works area, road, stream, communication, electric power facility, upper and lower water course, grave and other building, relevant department all should be assisted to remove in advance or transform；Suitable reinforcing be should give for the Dangerous Building near roadbed；Cultural relics and historic sites are answered safekeeping.
Then according to following steps are constructed:
(1) outside original bank protection, along the block nitride layer of bank protection backfill and the plain soil layer for plant growing
Without concrete and do not destroy original bank protection premise under, backfill is started from the lowermost layer original bank protection, often backfill 300-500mm is as an elementary layer, one elementary layer one elementary layer stacks until original bank protection top, the backfill of described block nitride layer and element soil layer carries out simultaneously, described block nitride layer is bordered with former bank protection, and described element soil layer is bordered with block nitride layer；The backfill of described block nitride layer and element soil layer carries out as follows: start backfill from the lowermost layer original bank protection, after the block nitride layer of each elementary layer and element soil layer backfill, namely mechanical implement or hand compaction are adopted, then the net of putting more energy into (structure of net of putting more energy into is as shown in Figure 1) of layer overlay 500mm × 500mm on the elementary layer of compacting, after net laying of putting more energy into is put, again at the online muscle of putting more energy into that tiles of putting more energy into, described muscle of putting more energy into is the strip (structure of muscle of putting more energy into is as shown in Figure 2) that one end is provided with anchor fluke, original bank protection top layer is stretched to by block nitride layer in this one end being provided with anchor fluke, but can without any contact point or the strong point with original bank protection top layer, anchor fluke grasps in the block nitride layer nearest from original bank protection top layer；The inserts of described block nitride layer is one or more in the waste residue that building materials barren rock material, stone, stone cement, sandstone and life produce；Described net of putting more energy into is that the grid type of the braidings such as blue bamboo cane is put more energy into net；The described bar that muscle is the materials such as antirust steel of putting more energy into；Backfill by elementary layer according to described method, until the height of original bank protection；
(2) gradient is arranged
According to the method for step (1), after backfill, the gradient according to described bank protection, adopt artificial or facility to cut down the element soil of the plain soil layer super thick degree backfilled, make element soil layer extexine surface slope consistent with the gradient of detail design bank protection；
(3) geotextiles is laid
The geotextiles of one layer of ventilative water permeability of lay on plain soil layer extexine inclined-plane after step (2) processes, it is prevented that in the regular period, the element soil outflow backfilled.Meanwhile, all kinds of area source pollutants of its process are also had certain absorption, decomposition and filter efficacy by this geotextiles；
(4) gabion successively install and adaptive plant while field planting
In step (3) after geotextiles lay, then again from the geotechnological layer of cloth bottommost on element soil layer extexine inclined-plane, along geotechnique layer of cloth extexine inclined-plane, gabion is upwards successively installed, being extended the extexine of gabion through geotextiles and tie up solid or be welded on the extexine of gabion in muscle one end without anchor fluke of putting more energy into described in step (1) simultaneously, attachment structure is as shown in Figure 3.After all gabions install, then adopting link muscle at the extexine of described gabion, respectively along the laterally or longitudinally direction of gabion by integral to the link of each gabion or bind, the attachment structure of each layer of gabion is as shown in Figure 4；Described link muscle is antirust iron wire；Then gap between gabion or field planting adaptive plant in gabion.
The cross-sectional view of the ecology softening bank protection that the present embodiment is formed is as shown in Figure 5.
Embodiment 2 hard river levee slope protection ecologic softens
Before construction, construction site is cleared up, manually or mechanically root out the weeds in job site, hydrops during job site is protected, mechanical equivalent of light excavation goes out groove, carries out natural drainage to low-lying river, the table soil removed is transported to the outer spoil ground of roadbed, must not therefore affect the unimpeded of road, Existing reinforced concrete bridge in boundary of works area, road, stream, communication, electric power facility, upper and lower water course, grave and other building, relevant department all should be assisted to remove in advance or transform；Suitable reinforcing be should give for the Dangerous Building near roadbed；Cultural relics and historic sites are answered safekeeping.
Then according to following steps are constructed:
(1) at original bank protection and riverbed intersection, underground soil property is softer, in order to make softening bank protection consolidate, do not come down, do not sink, at original bank protection and riverbed intersection, first adopting stone to backfill, form firm basis, the concrete grammar of backfill is: be first assembled into 2000 × 1500 × 1000m with gabion net sheet3Boxes and baskets put into basis, in boxes and baskets load or backfill pierrotage basis of formation.
(2) under the premise not destroying original bank protection, backfill is started from the lowermost layer original bank protection, often backfill 1000mm is as an elementary layer, one elementary layer one elementary layer stacks until original bank protection top, the backfill of described block nitride layer and element soil layer carries out simultaneously, described block nitride layer is bordered with former bank protection, and described element soil layer is bordered with block nitride layer；The backfill of described block nitride layer and element soil layer carries out as follows: start backfill from the lowermost layer original bank protection, after the block nitride layer of each elementary layer and element soil layer backfill, namely mechanical implement or hand compaction are adopted, then the net of putting more energy into (structure of net of putting more energy into is as shown in Figure 6) of layer overlay 300mm × 500mm on the elementary layer of compacting, after net laying of putting more energy into is put, again at the online muscle of putting more energy into that tiles of putting more energy into, described muscle of putting more energy into is the strip (structure of muscle of putting more energy into is as shown in Figure 2) that one end is provided with anchor fluke, original bank protection top layer is stretched to by block nitride layer in the one end being provided with anchor fluke, but can without any contact point or the strong point with original bank protection top layer, anchor fluke is tied up solid or is welded in the nearest block nitride layer in original bank protection top layer；In the process of block nitride layer and element soil layer backfill, also pre-buried seepage water pipe (as shown in Figure 7) in block nitride layer and element soil layer；One end of described seepage water pipe is hidden head, and the other end is for exposing head, and the hidden head of described seepage water pipe is in block nitride layer or element soil layer, and the hidden head of described seepage water pipe is provided with drainage screen or filter membrane, it is prevented that silt blocking seepage water pipe.In the process that bulk nitride layer and element soil layer backfill, also along its longitudinal direction position and the horizontal pre-buried cloth processing factory in the position leftover pieces discarded and the sponge etc. discarded in plain soil layer；The inserts of described block nitride layer is one or more in the waste residue that building materials barren rock material, stone, stone cement, sandstone and life produce；Described net of putting more energy into is that the grid type of blue bamboo cane braiding is put more energy into net；The described bar that muscle is antirust iron wire material of putting more energy into；Backfill by elementary layer according to described method, when being backfilled to close to original bank protection top, adopt sandy soil to replace block and element soil backfills, until the height of original bank protection, form sandy soil layer (as shown in Figure 7), described sandy soil layer does not need compacting, planting plants on described sandy soil layer.
(3) gradient is arranged
According to the method for step (2), after backfill, the gradient according to described bank protection, adopt artificial or facility to cut down the element soil of the plain soil layer super thick degree backfilled, make element soil layer extexine surface slope consistent with the gradient of original bank protection.
(4) geotextiles is laid
The geotextiles (as shown in Figure 8) of one layer of ventilative water permeability of lay on plain soil layer extexine inclined-plane after step (3) processes, prevent the element soil outflow backfilled in the regular period, meanwhile, all kinds of area source pollutants of its process are also had certain absorption, decomposition and filter efficacy by this geotextiles.
(5) gabion successively install and adaptive plant while field planting
Gabion has various different specification, as having the cylinder of different size, cuboid etc., no matter adopts the gabion of which kind of specification, all can install according to the method for the present invention.The gabion specification that the present embodiment adopts is diameter is 410mm, (9-A is cross section is oval cage to the cylinder cage being compiled into by bamboo chip etc. of high 1000mm, 9-B is cross section is the cage of cuboid, 9-C is cross section is trapezoidal cage), interior gabion net reinforces (as shown in Figure 10), namely a gabion is formed again with backfills dress cage (in Fig. 9 shown in 9-D) such as cobblestones, then at geotextiles outer layer from the bottommost on inclined-plane, gabion is upwards successively installed along inclined-plane, every five gabions are one group, spacing between each gabion is 30mm, in the gap of 30mm, every 500mm spacing squeezes into bamboo nail, gabion is fixed, bamboo nail buries anchoring, often group gabion both sides wire drawing (namely linking muscle) carries out tying up real fixing (as shown in figure 11)；In described step (2), described in muscle of putting more energy into extend the extexine of gabion without one end of anchor fluke through geotextiles, being fixed, (welding or bind), at the most corrosion resistant position of extexine of gabion, attachment structure is as shown in Figure 3.The exposure head of described seepage water pipe stretches out geotextiles and is close to (as shown in Figure 7) with gabion.In step (1), the quantity of the muscle of putting more energy into of institute's lay is equal with the quantity of gabion, a corresponding muscle of putting more energy into of gabion；After all gabions install, then adopt link muscle at the extexine of described gabion, respectively along the horizontal and vertical direction of gabion by integral to the link of each gabion or bind, then gap between gabion or field planting adaptive plant in the middle of gabion.
The cross-sectional view of the ecology softening bank protection that the present embodiment is formed is as shown in Figure 7.The outside drawing of the ecology softening bank protection that the present embodiment is formed is as shown in figure 12.
After plant fixing survives, can carrying out grafting (as shown in figure 12) to the branch of the plant of plantation is staggered in the suitable time, the plant of grafting is the plant identical with the plant of field planting plantation and/or the plant equal with the plant of field planting plantation.
What finally illustrate is, above example is only in order to illustrate technical scheme and unrestricted, although the present invention being described in detail with reference to preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those within the art that, technical scheme can be modified or equivalent replacement, without deviating from objective and the scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of scope of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (10)
1. the method for a flinty slope ecology softening, it is characterised in that include the step being carried out below:
(1) outside original bank protection, along the block nitride layer of bank protection backfill and the plain soil layer for plant growing
Do not need cement concrete construction and do not destroy original bank protection premise under, start to backfill by elementary layer from the bottom original bank protection, one elementary layer one elementary layer stacks until original bank protection top, the backfill of described block nitride layer and element soil layer carries out simultaneously, described block nitride layer is bordered with former bank protection, and described element soil layer is bordered with block nitride layer；The backfill of described block nitride layer and element soil layer carries out as follows: start backfill from the bottom original bank protection, after the block nitride layer of each elementary layer and element soil layer backfill, namely mechanical implement or hand compaction are adopted, then on the elementary layer of compacting, layer overlay is put more energy into net, after net laying of putting more energy into is put, put more energy into muscle in online or lower tiling of putting more energy into again, described muscle of putting more energy into is the strip that one end is provided with anchor fluke, this one end of anchor fluke is had to stretch to original bank protection top layer by block nitride layer, but with original bank protection top layer without any contact point or the strong point, anchor fluke grasps in the block nitride layer nearest from original bank protection top layer；The inserts of described block nitride layer is one or more in the waste residue that building materials barren rock material, stone, stone cement, sandstone and life produce；Described net of putting more energy into is that one or more grid types worked out in bonding jumper, corrosion resistant Wooden stripe and corrosion resistant plastic strip are put more energy into net；The material of described muscle of putting more energy into is one or more in metal, corrosion resistant wooden and corrosion resistant plastics；Backfill by elementary layer according to described method, until the height of original bank protection；
(2) gradient is arranged
Method according to step (1), after backfill, require the gradient of bank protection according to detail design, adopt artificial or facility to cut down the element soil of the plain soil layer super thick degree backfilled, make element soil layer extexine surface slope consistent with the gradient of detail design requirement bank protection；
(3) geotextiles is laid
The geotextiles of one layer of ventilative water permeability of lay on plain soil layer extexine inclined-plane after step (2) processes；
(4) gabion successively install and adaptive plant while field planting
In step (3) after geotextiles lay, then again from the bottommost on the outer inclined-plane of geotextiles, gabion is upwards successively installed along inclined-plane, muscle one end without anchor fluke of putting more energy into through geotextiles, is extended the extexine of gabion and ties up solid or be welded on the extexine of gabion simultaneously described in step (1)；After all gabions install, then adopt link muscle at the extexine of described gabion, respectively along the laterally or longitudinally direction of gabion by integral to the link of each gabion or bind；Described link muscle is one or more in bonding jumper, corrosion resistant Wooden stripe and corrosion resistant plastic strip；Then gap between gabion or field planting adaptive plant in gabion.
2. the method for a kind of flinty slope ecology according to claim 1 softening, it is characterized in that, in described step (1), backfill by elementary layer according to described method, when being backfilled to close to original bank protection top, adopt sandy soil to replace block and element soil backfills, until the height of original bank protection, forming sandy soil layer, described sandy soil layer does not need compacting.
3. the method for a kind of flinty slope ecology according to claim 2 softening, it is characterised in that plant adaptive plant on described sandy soil.
4. the method for a kind of flinty slope ecology according to claim 1 softening, it is characterised in that in the process of block nitride layer and element soil layer backfill, also pre-buried seepage water pipe in block nitride layer and element soil layer；The exposure head of described seepage water pipe stretches out geotextiles and is close to gabion, and the hidden head of described seepage water pipe is in block nitride layer or element soil layer.
5. the method for a kind of flinty slope ecology according to claim 4 softening, it is characterised in that the hidden head of described seepage water pipe is provided with drainage screen or filter membrane, it is prevented that silt blocking seepage water pipe.
6. the method for a kind of flinty slope ecology softening according to claim 1 or 4, it is characterized in that, in described step (1), in the process of block nitride layer and element soil layer backfill, also along its longitudinal position and horizontal position, the pre-buried material with water absorption and water storage respectively in element soil layer.
7. the method for a kind of flinty slope ecology according to claim 6 softening, it is characterised in that described in there is the material that the material of water absorption and water storage is discarded in daily life produces.
8. the method for a kind of flinty slope ecology according to claim 7 softening, it is characterised in that described in have the material of water absorption and water storage be sponge discarded after the discarded leftover pieces of cloth processing factory and/or processing factory's packaging.
9. the method for a kind of flinty slope ecology according to claim 1 softening, it is characterised in that described in net of putting more energy into be that the grid type that bamboo chip is worked out is put more energy into net；Described muscle of putting more energy into is metal material；Described link muscle is metal material.
10. the method for a kind of flinty slope ecology according to claim 1 softening, it is characterized in that, underground soil property as outer in original bank protection is soft, then before described step (1), also include the step of foundation construction, namely adopt stone or plain concrete to carry out building backfill, form firm basis.
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