CN108411856B - Ecological restoration structure and method for river waste residue bank slope - Google Patents
Ecological restoration structure and method for river waste residue bank slope Download PDFInfo
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- CN108411856B CN108411856B CN201810220706.7A CN201810220706A CN108411856B CN 108411856 B CN108411856 B CN 108411856B CN 201810220706 A CN201810220706 A CN 201810220706A CN 108411856 B CN108411856 B CN 108411856B
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
Abstract
The invention discloses a river waste residue bank slope ecological restoration structure and a method, wherein the river waste residue bank slope ecological restoration structure comprises a toe wall, a concrete embankment wall, a green planting layer, a pavement, a reservoir and the like; the ecological restoration method for the river waste residue bank slope comprises the steps of removing waste residue, setting a solid soil layer, and sequentially paving a green plant layer, a pavement, a reservoir and other structures on the solid soil layer; the invention can effectively protect and afforest the environment and prevent water and soil loss through the mutual cooperation and interaction of various structures.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to a river waste residue bank slope ecological restoration structure and a method.
Background
On the river course of urban suburb and mountain river, often appear that pile up a large amount of engineering waste residue, construction waste or domestic waste etc. on the ramp of river course both sides at will, these waste materials not only take up a lot of places widely, causes the influence to the surrounding environment.
The existing ecological restoration method is generally aimed at pollution and garbage on the surface of a river channel bank slope, and ecological restoration is carried out by removing waste slag on the river channel bank slope, directly planting soil-fixing plants such as masson pine and the like on the bank slope, and the like. However, when the soil on both sides of the river course is very small or the soil structure is bad, the ecological restoration plants are difficult to directly survive or grow slowly, and the existing method cannot play roles in restoring ecology, preventing water and soil loss and protecting the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a river waste residue bank slope ecological restoration structure and a river waste residue bank slope ecological restoration method which can effectively restore the polluted ecological environment of a river bank slope with less soil or poor soil structure and prevent water and soil loss.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the ecological restoration method for the river waste residue bank slope comprises the following steps:
step one, covering and arranging a solid soil layer on an original soil body after removing the surface soil body on a river waste residue bank slope at the position of the bank slope;
setting a toe wall at a position of the bottom bank slope close to the bottom of the river bed, and setting a concrete embankment wall on the toe wall;
paving a green planting layer on the upper end of the concrete embankment wall along the bank slope;
arranging a drainage ditch at a position, adjacent to the concrete embankment wall, of the green planting layer, and paving a horse road and a lower ecological bag pile at the upper end of the green planting layer;
step five, paving an upper solid water layer on the solid soil layer of the upper bank slope, and burying a tip branch in the upper solid water layer;
step six, arranging a reservoir at the upper end of the upper water fixing layer, and arranging water permeable holes at the bottom of the reservoir;
and seventhly, stacking an upper ecological bag stack on one side of the reservoir, which is deviated from the riverbed.
Further, the surface soil body comprises engineering waste slag accumulation on the surface and surface soil contacted with the waste slag.
Further, the method for setting the toe wall at the position of the bottom bank slope close to the bottom of the river bed and setting the concrete embankment wall on the toe wall comprises the following steps:
step one, embedding a toe wall formed by mortar and pebbles at a position of a bank slope at the bottom, which is close to the bottom of a river bed;
step two, paving a scouring-resistant cushion layer at the position of the bottom bank slope above the toe wall;
step three, pouring a concrete embankment wall along the outer side of the erosion-resistant cushion layer from the upper surface of the toe wall;
and fourthly, forming a plurality of drain holes in the concrete wall.
Further, when the green planting layer comprises a lower water fixing layer, a tip bundle and a branch bundle, the method for paving the green planting layer on the upper end of the concrete embankment wall along the bank slope comprises the following steps:
step one, arranging a lower fixed water layer on a fixed soil layer of a bank slope at the upper end of a concrete wall;
secondly, digging a plurality of rows of ditches on the lower water fixing layer, and burying tip bundles in the ditches;
step three, a movable wood pile and a dead wood pile for fixing the tip bundle are inserted in the tip bundle in a crossing manner;
arranging buried branch bundles at the position of the top bundles on the lower fixed water layer, which is close to the concrete embankment wall;
and fifthly, paving a geotextile cushion layer on the lower fixed water layer below the branch bundles.
Further, the method for paving the horse way and the lower ecological bag pile at the upper end of the green planting layer comprises the following steps:
embedding a fixing pile at the position where the upper end of the green planting layer is adjacent to the upper water fixing layer;
step two, paving a gravel cushion layer on the fixed piles;
paving water permeable bricks on the gravel cushion layer;
and fourthly, stacking a lower ecological bag stack on one side of the gravel cushion layer deviating from the bottom bank slope.
Further, the upper ecological bag pile and the lower ecological bag pile are respectively formed by arranging ecological bag piles, and the filling materials in the ecological bags are the same as the upper water fixing layer.
Further, the method for paving an upper water-fixing layer on the soil-fixing layer of the upper bank slope and burying the top material branch in the water-fixing layer comprises the following steps:
firstly, excavating a plurality of grooves in a solid soil layer of an upper bank slope, and placing tip branches at one side of the grooves adjacent to a river bed;
paving a backfill soil body on the solid soil layer, so that the backfill soil body covers the middle part of the tip material branch;
and thirdly, compacting the backfilled soil body.
Further, the pin bundle is spherical, the inside of the pin bundle is filled with living branches, and the outer wall of the pin bundle is a hemp rope for binding the living branches; the branch bundle is in a strip shape, the branch bundle comprises a plurality of living branches which are arranged in parallel, and lead wires for fixing are arranged on the outer sides of the living branches; the tip branch is a living branch.
The invention also provides a river waste residue bank slope ecological restoration structure, which comprises a toe wall arranged on the bottom bank slope and close to the bottom of a river bed, wherein a concrete embankment wall is arranged on the toe wall, a green planting layer is paved on the upper end of the concrete embankment wall close to the bank slope, an upper solid water layer is paved on the upper end of the green planting layer close to the bank slope, and solid soil layers with uniform thickness are paved on the lower ends of the green planting layer and the solid water layer; a reservoir is arranged at the adjacent part of the upper end of the upper water fixing layer, and a water permeable hole is formed in the bottom of the reservoir; an upper ecological bag pile is arranged on one side of the reservoir, which is adjacent to the river bed, and a horse road is paved at the position, adjacent to the green planting layer, of the lower end of the water fixing layer; the upper water-fixing layer and the lower water-fixing layer are uniformly embedded with tip branches.
In the above technical scheme, preferably, the green planting layer comprises a lower water fixing layer, a tip bundle and a branch bundle, wherein the tip bundle is buried at the upper part of the water fixing layer adjacent to one side of the pavement, and the lower part of the branch bundle is buried at the upper part of the lower water fixing layer adjacent to one side of the concrete embankment wall.
The river waste residue bank slope ecological restoration method provided by the invention has the main beneficial effects that:
the damage of the waste slag to the original soil structure can be prevented by removing the waste slag accumulation and the surface soil contacted with the waste slag, and meanwhile, the damage of landslide, collapse and the like of the damaged soil structure or a bank slope lacking the soil can be avoided, so that the feasibility of restoration is effectively ensured; the toe wall and the concrete embankment wall are sequentially arranged upwards along the bottom bank slope, so that soil body of the bottom bank slope can be separated from a river channel, and the problems of water and soil loss and the like caused by scouring of river channel water flow are prevented; by paving the green planting layer on the upper end of the concrete wall along the bank slope, the effect of rapidly repairing the vegetation environment on the surface of the bank slope and promoting the greening of the bank slope can be achieved.
Through laying upper portion solid water layer and burying the top branch on upper portion bank slope, utilize the top branch to guarantee the afforestation effect of upper portion bank slope, utilize upper portion solid water layer and solid soil layer cooperation, play the effect that prevents the soil erosion and water loss jointly, compare the material of single laying vegetation or firm soil and water, can improve the absorption capacity of soil body on the bank slope to water when firm soil and water, guarantee the fertility of soil, be convenient for further afforest beautify bank slope environment, can adapt to more complicated bank slope environment.
By arranging the drainage ditch at the position of the green planting layer adjacent to the concrete embankment wall, rainwater and muddy water received by the upper bank slope can be gathered, the muddy water is prevented from being mixed into a river channel, water and soil loss is caused, and river water is polluted.
The method is suitable for river environments in suburbs and mountains, poor climatic environments, a large amount of industrial and household garbage is piled up on the bank slope of the river channel, such as engineering waste residue accumulation, especially environments in which soil is lack, soil structures are destroyed, a large amount of bare rocks, cobbles and other green plants on two sides of the river channel cannot naturally grow, and has excellent ecological restoration effect; through local materials, rocks, cobbles and the like are utilized as raw materials of the toe wall and the concrete embankment wall, the ecological restoration structure can be quickly and conveniently arranged, and the effect of saving cost is achieved.
The river waste residue bank slope ecological restoration structure provided by the invention has the main beneficial effects that:
through laying the soil layer, utilize the soil layer as the basic unit of restoration structure, can guarantee the steadiness of the last soil body of bank slope, prevent because original soil body looseness, cause circumstances such as landslide, soil erosion and water loss, influence ecological restoration of bank slope.
Firstly, paving a toe wall at the contact part of a bank slope and a river channel, and utilizing the toe wall as a bearing part of the ecological restoration structure to ensure the stability of the whole ecological restoration structure; by arranging the concrete embankment wall on the toe wall, the water-proof characteristic of the concrete is utilized to prevent the erosion of the soil body river flow of the bottom bank slope from causing water and soil loss.
The green planting layer and the upper water fixing layer are arranged at the upper end of the concrete wall, so that the functions of guaranteeing soil fertility, greening environment and stabilizing water and soil can be achieved; through set up the cistern in the upper end of upper portion solid water layer, compare with current cistern direct irrigation plant, can permeate the pond bottom slowly to bank slope lower part soil to guarantee soil moisture, can play the effect of guaranteeing green required moisture of planting from the root, can maintain the humidity of soil body again, prevent because of lacking moisture, make soil hardening, soil erosion and water loss once more, and then effectively strengthen and guarantee the afforestation effect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an ecological restoration structure of a river waste bank slope.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the lower bank slope.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a green plant layer.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lower solid water layer.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the ecological bag.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the connection of a ecological bag stack.
Wherein 1, bank slope, 2, upper bank slope, 21, upper ecological bag pile, 22, reservoir, 23, upper water fixing layer, 231, backfill soil body, 24, soil fixing layer, 25, lower ecological bag pile, 250, ecological bag, 251, bag body, 252, connector link, 253, gabion, 26, tip branch, 3, original soil body, 4, pavement, 41, fixed pile, 42, water permeable brick, 43, gravel cushion layer, 5, green planting layer, 51, geotextile cushion layer, 52, tip material bundle, 53, living wood pile, 54, dead wood pile, 55, branch bundle, 56, lower water fixing layer, 6, bottom bank slope, 61, drainage ditch, 62, gabion mesh gabion, 63, scouring-resistant cushion layer, 64, concrete embankment wall, 65, drainage hole, 66, toe wall, 7, river bed.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, the ecological restoration structure of the river waste bank slope is schematically shown.
The invention discloses a river waste residue bank slope ecological restoration method, which comprises the following steps:
and 1, removing the surface soil on the bank slope 1 at the position of the river waste residue bank slope 1, and covering and arranging a soil layer 24 on the original soil 3.
The surface soil layer comprises engineering waste slag accumulation on the surface and surface soil contacted with waste slag; the method can prevent the waste slag from damaging the original soil structure, and simultaneously avoid landslide, collapse and other damages of the damaged soil structure or the bank slope 1 lacking the soil, thereby effectively ensuring the feasibility of restoration.
The soil layer 24 is formed after the uncontaminated soil body is compacted, and by arranging the soil layer 24 and utilizing the soil layer 24 as a base layer of a restoration structure, the stability of the soil body on the bank slope 1 can be ensured, and the ecological restoration effect of the bank slope 1 is prevented from being influenced due to the situations of landslide, water and soil loss and the like of the original soil body 3.
Step 2, a toe wall 66 is arranged on the bottom bank slope 6 near the bottom of the river bed 7, and a concrete embankment wall 64 is arranged on the toe wall 66.
Further, the method of disposing the toe wall 66 at a position of the bottom bank slope 6 near the bottom of the riverbed 7 and disposing the concrete embankment wall 64 on the toe wall 66 includes the steps of:
and 2-1, embedding a toe wall 66 formed by mortar pebbles at a position of the bottom bank slope 6 close to the bottom of the river bed 7.
The toe wall 66 is buried in the lower part of the river channel to a certain depth, 1m or 2m of the toe wall 66 is taken as required, and the toe wall 66 is made of concrete filled with mortar pebbles, so that the seepage prevention and scouring prevention effects can be effectively ensured.
Step 2-2, a scouring-resistant cushion 63 is paved on the position, above the toe wall 66, of the bottom bank slope 6.
Because the bottom bank slope 6 is adjacent to the river channel and is frequently washed by river water, a washing-resistant cushion layer 63 is required to be paved on the bank slope 1 so as to improve the washing resistance of the bank slope 1 and ensure the stability of the structure of the bottom bank slope 6; the scouring-resistant cushion layer 63 can be made of a mixture of sand and pebbles, so that the cost is saved, and materials are conveniently obtained.
Step 2-3, casting a concrete embankment wall 64 along the outer side of the erosion-resistant pad layer 63 from the upper surface of the toe wall 66.
The concrete embankment wall 64 is the same material as the toe wall 66 to ensure the anti-seepage and anti-impact effects of the embankment body and the embankment base.
Step 2-4, a plurality of drain holes 65 are formed in the concrete embankment wall 64.
Natural precipitation from the bottom bank slope 6 side needs to be drained into the river to avoid water storage, and thus drain holes 65 need to be formed in the concrete embankment wall 64.
Step 2-5, piling gabion mesh cages 62 on the upper ends of the concrete embankment walls 64.
Gabion mesh gabion 62 is a heavy hexagonal mesh woven by alloy steel wires coated with PVC or PE polymer on the outer layer, and the mesh is filled with rubble; gabion mesh gabion 62 has the characteristics of rust prevention, static electricity prevention, aging resistance, corrosion resistance, high compression resistance, high shearing resistance and the like, and can effectively resist seawater or highly polluted environment.
Further, soil and grass seeds are also filled in the gabion mesh gabion 62 to strengthen the structural stability of the gabion mesh gabion 62, and meanwhile, the gabion mesh gabion has a landscape effect.
And 3, paving a green planting layer 5 on the upper end of the concrete embankment wall 64 along the bank slope 1.
The bank slope 1 at the position of the green planting layer 5 and above can not be washed by a river channel, so that green planting can be planted to play a role in greening and protecting the environment, and meanwhile, the effect of stabilizing water and soil and improving soil quality can be achieved by arranging the green planting layer.
Further, when the green plant layer 5 includes a lower water fixing layer 56, a tip bundle 52 and a branch bundle 55, as shown in fig. 3, the method of laying the green plant layer 5 along the bank slope 1 at the upper end of the concrete bank wall 64 includes:
and 3-1, setting a lower solid water layer 56 on the solid soil layer 24 of the bank slope 1 at the upper end of the concrete embankment wall 64.
Further, the method of setting the lower solid water layer 56 includes the steps of:
and 3-1-1, excavating a plurality of grooves on the solid soil layer 24 of the bank slope 1 at the upper end of the concrete embankment wall 64, and placing a tip branch 26 at one side of the groove adjacent to the river bed 7.
And 3-1-2, paving a backfill soil body 231 on the tip branches 26, so that the backfill soil body 231 covers the middle parts of the tip branches 26.
Step 3-1-3, compacting the backfilled soil 231.
As shown in fig. 4, by digging a groove on the soil layer and arranging a backfill soil body 231 and a tip branch 26 in the groove, utilizing the root of the tip branch 26 to fix the moisture in the soil, and ensuring the water fixing effect through the cooperation of the tip branch 26 and the compacted backfill soil body 231; wherein, the backfill soil 231 is a mixture of humus, seeds and filled soil, and the soil layer 24 is filled with a lower solid water layer 56 to ensure the fertility of the soil on the surface of the bank slope 1 and promote the development of green plants, seeds and the like so as to facilitate long-term greening.
Step 3-2, digging rows of trenches in the lower fixed water layer 56, and burying the bundles 52 of pins in the trenches.
The ditch is arranged on the upper surface of the backfill soil 231 of the lower fixed water layer 56 or on the fixed soil layer 24 between the backfill soil 231; the tip bundle 52 is spherical, the inside of the tip bundle 52 is filled with living branches, and the outer wall of the tip bundle 52 is a twine for binding the living branches; by arranging the tip bundle 52, living branches are cultivated therein by means of cuttage or the like, and a rapid greening effect can be achieved.
Step 3-3, cross-inserting a live wood pile 53 and a dead wood pile 54 for fixing the stub bundle 52 on the stub bundle 52.
The living wood piles 53 are arranged to provide an environment for microorganism growth, so that root ecological environment required by living branches is provided; the dead wood stake 54 is provided to ensure a fixing effect.
Step 3-4, arranging embedded branch bundles 55 on the fixed water layer 23 at the position of the tip bundles 52 adjacent to the concrete embankment wall 64.
The branch bundle 55 is in a strip shape, the branch bundle 55 comprises a plurality of living branches which are arranged in parallel, and lead wires for fixing are arranged on the outer sides of the living branches; the function of the branch bundle 55 is the same as that of the tip bundle 52, and is more suitable for longer green planting of the branches; the lower end of the branch bundle 55 is buried in the soil body, and the upper end is positioned outside the soil body; the bundle of shoots 55 is fixedly arranged on the lower solid water layer 56 by means of piles.
In step 3-5, geotextile mat layers 51 are laid on the lower water-fixing layer 56 below the bundles 55.
The geotextile cushion layer 51 is made of an ecological geomembrane so as to protect branches in the branch bundles 55, and plays roles of water fixation and heat preservation so as to promote the growth of living branches; the geotextile mat layer 51 is provided with a round hole for the bundle of branches 55 to pass through.
And 4, arranging a drainage ditch 61 at a position of the green plant layer 5 adjacent to the concrete embankment wall 64, and paving the horse way 4 and the lower ecological bag pile 25 at the upper end of the green plant layer 5.
The position of the green planting layer 5 adjacent to the concrete embankment wall 64 is the lowest position of the green planting position, and the drainage ditch 61 is arranged at the position, so that rainwater and muddy water received by the upper bank slope 2 can be gathered, the muddy water is prevented from being mixed into a river channel, water and soil loss is caused, and river water is polluted.
Further, the method for paving the horse way 4 and the lower ecological bag pile 25 at the upper end of the green planting layer 5 comprises the following steps:
in step 4-1, a fixing pile 41 is buried at a position where the upper end of the green plant layer 5 is adjacent to the upper water fixing layer 23.
At the position where the upper end of the green planting layer 5 is adjacent to the upper water fixing layer 23, the green planting such as the tip material bundle 52 is not laid, so that the thickness of the soil body is smaller than that of the upper water fixing layer 23 and the green planting layer 5 at the lower end, and the soil body is parallel to the river level. The fixed piles 41 are buried at the same distance from the two ends adjacent to and deviated from the river channel, and the fixed piles 41 are wood piles with pointed front ends.
Step 4-2, laying a gravel cushion 43 on the anchor piles 41.
A gravel bed 43 is laid to ensure that the soil is level and parallel to the horizontal.
And 4-3, paving water permeable bricks 42 on one side of the gravel cushion layer 43 adjacent to the bottom bank slope 6.
By arranging the water permeable bricks 42 as the catwalk 4, on one hand, rainwater can be trapped, and evaporation is reduced; on the other hand, the landscape effect is achieved.
And 4-4, stacking a lower ecological bag stack 25 on one side of the gravel cushion layer 43, which is deviated from the bottom bank slope 6.
The lower ecological bag pile 25 is formed by piling ecological bags 250, as shown in fig. 5, the ecological bags 250 comprise a bag body 251 which is a geotechnical cloth bag, a plurality of small holes are formed in the upper portion of the bag body 251, a plurality of tip branches 26 are planted in the small holes in a penetrating manner, the upper portion of the bag body 251 is filled with a mixture of humus, seeds and filled soil, a plurality of gabions 253 are arranged in the lower portion of the bag body 251, and the gabions 253 are filled with piled stones.
The ecological bag 250 has the filtering characteristic of water permeation and soil impermeability, can prevent the filler from losing, can realize the normal communication of moisture in soil, the moisture required by the growth of seeds is effectively maintained and timely supplemented, and green plants can freely grow through the bag body, thereby playing roles in greening and beautifying the environment.
As shown in fig. 6, the ecological bags 250 are fixed in a stacked structure by connecting buckles 252.
And 5, paving an upper water-fixing layer 23 on the soil-fixing layer 24 of the upper bank slope 2, and burying a tip branch 26 in the upper water-fixing layer 23.
The tip material branch 26 is a living branch; the upper bank slope 2 has relatively far away from the river channel, so that the water content in the soil body is low, only the tip material bundles 26 are arranged, and the tip material bundles 52 and the branch bundles 55 are not arranged, so that the survival rate is ensured.
Further, the method of setting the upper solid water layer 23 is the same as the method of setting the lower solid water layer 56, and the steps include:
and 5-1, excavating a plurality of grooves in the solid soil layer 24 of the upper bank slope 2, and placing a tip branch 26 on one side of the groove adjacent to the river bed 7.
And 5-2, paving a backfill soil body 231 on the tip material branches 26, so that the backfill soil body 231 covers the middle parts of the tip material branches 26.
And 5-3, compacting the backfilled soil body 231.
As shown in fig. 4, since the upper bank slope 2 has less water content in the soil, a large portion of the top shoots 26 are buried in the soil to ensure that living shoots can draw up enough water source from the upper solid water layer 23 and the solid soil layer 24 and reduce the evaporation to promote growth; the upper solid water layer 23 is compacted to ensure the stability of the soil mass of the upper bank slope 2.
And 6, arranging a water reservoir 22 at the upper end of the upper water fixing layer 23, and forming water permeable holes on the bottom of the water reservoir 22.
And 7, stacking an upper ecological bag stack 21 on one side of the reservoir 22, which is deviated from the river bed 7.
Through setting up cistern 22 in the upper end of upper portion solid water layer 23, compare with the direct watering plant of current cistern, can permeate the hole of permeating water of bottom of the pool slowly to in the lower part soil on bank slope 1 to guarantee soil moisture, can play the effect of guaranteeing green required moisture of planting from the root, can maintain the humidity of soil body again, prevent because of lacking moisture, make soil hardening, soil erosion and drainage once more, and then effectively strengthen and guarantee greening effect.
The following is an explanation of a river waste bank slope ecological restoration structure applying the river waste bank slope ecological restoration method provided by the invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2.
The ecological restoration structure for the river waste residue bank slope provided by the invention comprises a toe wall 66 arranged at the position of the bottom bank slope 6 close to the bottom of a river bed 7, wherein a concrete embankment wall 64 is arranged on the toe wall 66, one side of the concrete embankment wall 64, which is adjacent to an original soil body 3, is provided with a scouring-resistant cushion layer 63, and the scouring-resistant cushion layer 63 can be made of a mixture of sand and pebbles so as to save cost and conveniently obtain materials; a plurality of drain holes 65 are formed in the concrete embankment wall 64; a drainage ditch 61 is installed at the upper end of the concrete embankment wall 64, and gabion mesh cages 62 are piled up on one side of the drainage ditch 61 adjacent to the toe wall 66.
By providing the drainage ditch 61, rainwater and muddy water received by the upper bank slope 2 can be collected, and the muddy water is prevented from being mixed into a river channel, so that water and soil loss is caused, and river water is polluted.
Gabion mesh gabion 62 is a heavy hexagonal mesh woven by alloy steel wires coated with PVC or PE polymer on the outer layer, and the mesh is filled with rubble; gabion mesh gabion 62 has the characteristics of rust prevention, static electricity prevention, ageing resistance, corrosion resistance, high compression resistance, high shearing resistance and the like, and can effectively resist the corrosion of seawater or highly polluted environment; the gabion mesh gabion 62 is also filled with soil and grass seeds to enhance structural stability of the gabion mesh gabion 62, while having a landscape effect.
A green planting layer 5 is paved at the position, close to the bank slope 1, of the upper end of the concrete embankment wall 64, as shown in fig. 3, the green planting layer 5 comprises a lower water fixing layer 56, a tip bundle 52 and a branch bundle 55, as shown in fig. 4, the lower water fixing layer 56 comprises a groove formed on the soil fixing layer 24, tip branches 26 are arranged on one side, close to the river bed 7, in the groove, and backfill soil 231 is covered on the tip branches 26; the bundle 52 is buried in the upper portion of the lower layer 56 of water adjacent to the side of the upper bank slope 2, and the lower portion of the bundle 55 is buried in the upper portion of the lower layer 56 of water adjacent to the side of the concrete bank 64.
The tip bundle 52 is spherical, the inside of the tip bundle 52 is filled with living branches, and the outer wall of the tip bundle 52 is sleeved with hemp ropes for binding the living branches; the branch bundle 55 is in a strip shape, the branch bundle 55 comprises a plurality of living branches which are arranged in parallel, and lead wires for fixing are sleeved on the outer sides of the living branches.
Geotextile cushion layers 51 are paved on a lower water fixing layer 56 below the branch bundles 55 to protect branches in the branch bundles 55, and play roles in fixing water and preserving heat so as to promote growth of living branches; the geotextile mat layer 51 is provided with a round hole for the bundle of branches 55 to pass through.
The lower solid water layer 56 is a mixture cushion layer uniformly paved on the solid soil layer 24, and the lower solid water layer 56 is made of a mixture of humus, seeds and filled soil; by filling the lower solid water layer 56 on the solid soil layer 24, the fertility of soil on the surface of the bank slope 1 is ensured, and the development of green plants, seeds and the like is promoted, so that long-term greening is realized.
An upper water fixing layer 23 is laid at the position adjacent to the upper end of the green plant layer 5, and the upper water fixing layer 23 and the lower water fixing layer 56 have the same structure; the lower ends of the green plant layer 5 and the upper solid water layer 23 are paved with solid soil layers 24 with uniform thickness.
The soil layer 24 is uniformly distributed along the bottommost end of the bottom bank slope 6 arranged at the uppermost end of the upper bank slope 2; the soil layer 24 is formed after the uncontaminated soil body is compacted, and by arranging the soil layer 24 and utilizing the soil layer 24 as a base layer of a restoration structure, the stability of the soil body on the bank slope 1 can be ensured, and the conditions of landslide, water and soil loss, influence on the ecological restoration effect of the bank slope 1 and the like caused by loosening of the original soil body 3 are prevented.
The upper end adjacent place of the upper water fixing layer 23 is provided with a water reservoir 22, one side of the water reservoir 22 deviating from the river bed 7 is provided with an upper ecological bag pile 21, the position of the lower end of the upper water fixing layer 23 adjacent to the green planting layer 5 is paved with a pavement 4, the pavement 4 comprises evenly paved water permeable bricks 42, the adjacent place of the lower surface of the water permeable bricks 42 is paved with a gravel cushion layer 43, and the lower side of the gravel cushion layer 43 is provided with a fixing pile 41.
A lower ecological bag pile 25 is arranged on one side of the catwalk 4, which is deviated from the bottom bank slope 6, the structure of the lower ecological bag pile 25 is the same as that of the upper ecological bag pile 21, the lower ecological bag pile 25 is formed by piling ecological bags 250, as shown in fig. 5, the ecological bags 250 comprise bag bodies 251 which are geotechnical cloth bags, a plurality of small holes are formed in the upper parts of the bag bodies 251, a plurality of tip branches 26 are penetrated and planted in the small holes, the upper parts of the bag bodies 251 are filled with a mixture of humus, seeds and filled soil, a plurality of stone cages 253 are arranged at the lower parts of the bag bodies 251, and the stone cages 253 are filled with piled stones; as shown in fig. 6, the ecological bags 250 are fixed in a stacked structure by connecting buckles 252.
The upper water fixing layer 23 is internally and uniformly embedded with tip branches 26; since the upper slope 2 has a lower water content in the soil, it is necessary to embed a substantial portion of the top shoots 26 in the soil to ensure that the living shoots are able to draw enough water from the upper solid water layer 23 and the solid soil layer 24 and to reduce the amount of evaporation to promote growth.
The above description of the embodiments of the present invention has been provided to facilitate understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and that all the inventions using the inventive concept are to be protected as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined by the appended claims to those skilled in the art.
Claims (5)
1. A river waste residue bank slope ecological restoration method comprises the following steps:
step one, after removing the surface soil body on a river waste residue bank slope at the position of the bank slope, covering and arranging a solid soil layer (24) on the original soil body (3);
secondly, arranging a toe wall (66) at a position of the bottom bank slope (6) close to the bottom of the river bed (7), and arranging a concrete embankment wall (64) on the toe wall (66);
paving a green planting layer (5) on the upper end of the concrete embankment wall (64) along a bank slope;
arranging a drainage ditch (61) at a position of the green planting layer (5) adjacent to the concrete embankment wall (64), and paving a horse way (4) and a lower ecological bag pile (25) at the upper end of the green planting layer (5);
step five, paving an upper water fixing layer (23) on a soil fixing layer (24) of the upper bank slope (2), and burying a tip branch (26) in the upper water fixing layer (23);
step six, arranging a reservoir (22) at the upper end of the upper water fixing layer (23), and arranging water permeable holes on the bottom of the reservoir (22);
step seven, stacking an upper ecological bag stack (21) on one side of the reservoir (22) deviating from the river bed (7);
the method for arranging the toe wall (66) on the bottom bank slope (6) near the bottom of the river bed (7) and arranging the concrete embankment wall (64) on the toe wall (66) comprises the following steps:
firstly, embedding a toe wall (66) formed by mortar and pebbles at a position of a bank slope (6) at the bottom close to the bottom of a river bed (7);
step two, paving a scouring-resistant cushion layer (63) at the position of the bottom bank slope (6) above the toe wall (66);
pouring a concrete embankment wall (64) along the outer side of the erosion-resistant cushion layer (63) from the upper surface of the toe wall (66);
fourthly, arranging a plurality of drain holes (65) on the concrete embankment wall (64);
piling gabion mesh gabions (62) at the upper ends of the concrete embankment walls (64);
gabion mesh gabion (62) is formed by braiding alloy steel wires coated with PVC or PE polymers into a heavy hexagonal mesh, and the mesh is filled with rubble; soil and grass seeds are also filled in the gabion (62);
the method for paving the upper water fixing layer (23) on the soil fixing layer (24) of the upper bank slope (2) and burying the tip material branch (26) in the upper water fixing layer (23) comprises the following steps:
firstly, excavating a plurality of grooves on a solid soil layer (24) of an upper bank slope (2), and placing a top branch (26) on one side of the groove adjacent to a river bed (7);
paving a backfill soil body (231) on the solid soil layer (24) so that the backfill soil body (231) covers the middle part of the tip material branch (26);
step three, compacting the backfilled soil body (231);
the method for paving the horse way (4) and the lower ecological bag pile (25) at the upper end of the green planting layer (5) comprises the following steps:
step one, embedding a fixing pile (41) at the position where the upper end of the green planting layer (5) is adjacent to the upper water fixing layer (23);
step two, paving a gravel cushion layer (43) on the fixed piles (41);
paving water permeable bricks (42) on the gravel cushion layer (43);
step four, stacking a lower ecological bag stack (25) on one side of the gravel cushion layer (43) deviating from the bottom bank slope (6);
the green planting layer (5) comprises a lower water fixing layer (56), a tip bundle (52) and a branch bundle (55), and the method for paving the green planting layer (5) along a bank slope at the upper end of the concrete embankment wall (64) comprises the following steps:
step one, arranging a lower solid water layer (56) on a solid soil layer (24) of a bank slope at the upper end of a concrete embankment wall (64);
secondly, digging a plurality of rows of ditches on the lower water fixing layer (56), and burying tip bundles (52) in the ditches;
step three, a live wood pile (53) and a dead wood pile (54) for fixing the tip bundle (52) are crosswise inserted on the tip bundle (52);
fourthly, embedding branch bundles (55) at the position of the upper tip bundles (52) of the lower fixed water layer (56) adjacent to the concrete embankment wall (64);
fifthly, paving a geotextile cushion layer (51) on a lower water fixing layer (56) below the branch bundles (55);
the upper ecological bag pile (21) and the lower ecological bag pile (25) are formed by piling ecological bags (250), and the filling materials in the ecological bags (250) are the same as the lower water fixing layer (56);
the lower ecological bag pile (25) is formed by piling ecological bags (250), each ecological bag (250) comprises a bag body (251) which is a geotechnical cloth bag, a plurality of small holes are formed in the upper portion of each bag body (251), a plurality of tip branches (26) are planted in the small holes in a penetrating mode, the upper portion of each bag body (251) is filled with a mixture of humus, seeds and filling soil, a plurality of gabions (253) are arranged at the lower portion of each bag body (251), and the gabions (253) are filled with piled stones;
the ecological bags (250) are fixed into a pile-shaped structure through connecting buckles (252).
2. The method for ecologically restoring river course waste residue bank slopes according to claim 1, wherein the surface soil comprises engineering waste residue accumulation on the surface and surface soil contacted with waste residue.
3. The ecological restoration method for river waste residue bank slopes according to claim 1, wherein the tip bundle (52) is spherical, living branches are filled in the tip bundle (52), and hemp ropes for binding the living branches are arranged on the outer walls of the tip bundle (52); the branch bundle (55) is in a strip shape, the branch bundle (55) comprises a plurality of living branches which are arranged in parallel, and lead wires for fixing are arranged on the outer sides of the living branches; the tip branch (26) is a living branch.
4. The river waste residue bank slope ecological restoration structure applying the river waste residue bank slope ecological restoration method according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising a toe wall (66) arranged at the position, close to the bottom of a river bed (7), of a bottom bank slope (6), a concrete embankment wall (64) is arranged on the toe wall (66), a green planting layer (5) is paved at the position, close to the bank slope, of the upper end of the concrete embankment wall (64), an upper solid water layer (23) is paved at the position, close to the upper end, of the green planting layer (5), and a solid soil layer (24) with uniform thickness is paved at the lower ends of the green planting layer (5) and the upper solid water layer (23);
a reservoir (22) is arranged at the adjacent part of the upper end of the upper water fixing layer (23), and a water permeable hole is formed in the bottom of the reservoir (22); an upper ecological bag pile (21) is arranged on one side of the reservoir (22) deviating from the river bed (7), a horse way (4) is paved at the position, adjacent to the green planting layer (5), of the lower end of the upper water fixing layer (23), and a lower ecological bag pile (25) is arranged on one side of the horse way (4), deviating from the bottom bank slope (6); the upper water fixing layer (23) and the lower water fixing layer (56) are internally and uniformly embedded with tip branches (26).
5. The river course waste residue bank slope ecological restoration structure according to claim 4, wherein the green planting layer (5) comprises a lower fixed water layer (56), a tip bundle (52) and a branch bundle (55), wherein the tip bundle (52) is buried at the upper part of the lower fixed water layer (56) adjacent to one side of the pavement (4), and the lower part of the branch bundle (55) is buried at the upper part of the lower fixed water layer (56) adjacent to one side of the concrete embankment wall (64).
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| CN112343081A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-02-09 | 北京中地华安地质勘查有限公司 | Pipeline protection method and structure |
| CN112544157A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-03-26 | 河南省水利勘测设计研究有限公司 | Method for building reservoir dam waste slag yard habitat |
| CN113640490B (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2022-01-28 | 四川省水利科学研究院 | River and lake water ecological environment monitoring device, system and method based on Internet of things |
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