CN104478885B - 9‑氨基‑9a‑烯丙基苯并吡咯里西啶生物碱的制备方法 - Google Patents

9‑氨基‑9a‑烯丙基苯并吡咯里西啶生物碱的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN104478885B
CN104478885B CN201410765543.2A CN201410765543A CN104478885B CN 104478885 B CN104478885 B CN 104478885B CN 201410765543 A CN201410765543 A CN 201410765543A CN 104478885 B CN104478885 B CN 104478885B
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CN104478885A (zh
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徐华栋
徐科
贾志宏
周皓
沈美华
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Changzhou University
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Abstract

本发明公开了9‑氨基‑9a‑烯丙基苯并吡咯里西啶生物碱的制备方法,属于化学制药和精细化工制备技术领域。实现了多取代、多官能化的合成9‑氨基‑9a‑烯丙基苯并吡咯里西啶生物碱的合成方法的一锅法合成,使用了金属催化的磺酰三氮唑分解成金属卡宾,随后金属卡宾环化重排,再进一步利用路易斯酸催化亲电环合,高效的得到高附加值的9‑氨基‑9a‑烯丙基苯并吡咯里西啶生物碱。本发明为高效制备官能化9‑氨基‑9a‑烯丙基苯并吡咯里西啶生物碱提供了第一条的技术路线,在化学制药和精细化工领域有广阔的应用。

Description

9-氨基-9a-烯丙基苯并吡咯里西啶生物碱的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于化学制药和精细化工制备技术领域,即一锅法制备3-氨基-4-烯丙基-1,2-苯并吡咯里西啶生物碱,尤其涉金属催化的卡宾环化重排反应,高效的生成一种多官能团化的含有季碳的1,2-苯并吡咯里西啶生物碱结构。本发明为高效制备官能化的1,2-苯并吡咯里西啶生物碱衍生物提供了第一条可行的技术路线和设计策略,在化学制药和精细化工领域有广阔的应用。
背景技术
苯并吡咯里西啶生物碱是一大类重要的有机化合物,很多含有这类结构的化合物具有特别的化学与生物活性,也存在于许多天然产物和药物分子中,比如抗癌药物丝裂霉素C。而含3-氨基-4-烯丙基-1,2-苯并吡咯里西啶生物碱更是高附加值的有机分子,因为烯丙基和氨基可以非常方便的进一步衍生化得到很多其它结构的氮杂环。3-氨基-4-烯丙基-1,2-苯并吡咯里西啶生物碱因其结构中含有多种官能团,应该是一类非常有价值的氮杂环化合物,目前这类化合物的制备方法还没未见报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是阐述一种3-氨基-4-烯丙基-1,2-苯并吡咯里西啶生物碱的制备方法,具体来说就是发明了一种高效一锅法制备9-氨基-9a-烯丙基苯并吡咯里西啶生物碱。
为实现上述合成目的,本发明采用如下技术方案,概括为所示的反应方程式:(式1)。在适当溶剂中,各种1-磺酰基三氮唑1在适当金属催化剂催化下环化重排,得到的中间体不经分离,在反应体系中直接加入适当的路易斯酸催化剂,引发亲电环化反应后得到3-氨基-4-烯丙基-1,2-苯并吡咯里西啶生物碱2。
分子结构通式1、2中的R1为各种取代基(具体为邻、间、对甲氧基、烷基、卤素等);R2为各种取代的芳基(具体为苯基、对甲基苯基等)、各种取代的烷基(具体为甲基、乙基、苄基等)、各种脂基(具体为甲酯、乙酯等)、各种卤素(具体为氯、溴、氟)等;R3为各种烷基,各种取代的芳基等。
一种制备3-氨基-4-烯丙基-1,2-苯并吡咯里西啶生物碱方法,按照下述步骤进行:
按一定比例1-磺酰基三氮唑1、金属催化剂混合在一种有机溶剂中搅拌,根据底物和试剂特性,温度控制在一定温度之间,一定时间后,停止反应,加入适量路易斯酸催化剂,在适当温度下反应一定时间。反应液用水淬灭后,用有机溶剂乙酸乙酯或二氯甲烷萃取三遍,有机相合并后用饱和食盐水洗,再用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸除溶剂,残留物用乙酸乙酯和石油醚为洗脱剂,硅胶柱色谱分离纯化,得到相应的苯并吡咯里西啶生物碱2。或者反应完成后减压蒸除有机溶剂,残渣直接硅胶色谱柱分离。
其中所述1-磺酰基三氮唑1的结构式为其中R1为各种取代基(具体为邻、间、对甲氧基、烷基、卤素等);R2为各种取代的芳基(具体为苯基、对甲基苯基等)、各种取代的烷基(具体为甲基、乙基、苄基等)、各种脂基(具体为甲酯、乙酯等)、各种卤素(具体为氯、溴、氟)等;R3为各种烷基,各种取代的芳基等。
其中所述溶剂为四氢呋喃、甲苯、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、1,2-二氯甲烷等非极性溶剂。
其中所述的1-磺酰基三氮唑1、催化剂摩尔比为1.0:0.005到1.0:0.05之间。
其中所述的第一步的催化剂为醋酸铑、辛酸铑、间苯二酸铑等铑化合物和三氟甲磺酸,三氟醋酸铜等铜化合物和三氟甲磺酸银等银盐。
其中所述第一步反应温度在50-120度之间。
其中所述反第一步应时间为10分钟到5小时之间。
其中所述的第二步的催化剂为三氟甲磺酸酮,三氟醋酸铜等铜化合物,三氟甲磺酸银等银盐和三氟甲磺酸钪等镧系路易斯酸。
其中所述第二步反应温度在50-120度之间。
其中所述反第二步应时间为10分钟到12小时之间。
本发明的优点
1、该反应操作简便,只需一锅反应就可以高效的制备两种氮杂环。
2、该反应的产品结构新颖,出本专利报道的方法外,暂无其它制备方法。
3、该反应的产品是高附加值的化合物。
具体实施方式
下面通过实例对本发明给予做进一步说明:
下述非限制性实施例1-3#或对比实施例1-2#用来解释说明本发明,而不是对本发明进行限制,在本发明的精神和权力要求的保护范围内,对本发明作出的任何修改和改变,都属于本发明的保护范围。
本发明所使用的原料、试剂及催化剂是通过参考相关文献制备,溶剂经过纯化和精制。
实施例1
将2毫摩尔1-对甲苯磺基三氮唑1a、0.01毫摩尔醋酸铑混合在10毫升甲苯中搅拌,温度控制120度,2小时后,停止加热,加入0.01毫摩尔Cu(OTf)2,升温至80摄氏度搅拌12小时。用有机溶剂乙酸乙酯萃取三遍,有机相合并后用饱和食盐水洗,再用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸除溶剂,残留物用乙酸乙酯和石油醚为洗脱剂,硅胶柱色谱分离纯化,得到相应氮杂环2a(见表1)。或者反应完成后减压蒸除有机溶剂,残渣直接硅胶色谱柱分离。
实施例2
将2毫摩尔1-对甲苯磺基三氮唑1c、0.1毫摩尔醋酸铑混合在10毫升二氯乙烷中搅拌,温度控制50度,5小时后,停止加热,加入0.02毫摩尔Sc(OTf)2,升温至50摄氏度搅拌24小时。用有机溶剂乙酸乙酯萃取三遍,有机相合并后用饱和食盐水洗,再用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸除溶剂,残留物用乙酸乙酯和石油醚为洗脱剂,硅胶柱色谱分离纯化,得到相应氮杂环醛2c(见表1)。或者反应完成后减压蒸除有机溶剂,残渣直接硅胶色谱柱分离。
实施例3
将2毫摩尔1-对甲苯磺基三氮唑1h、0.04毫摩尔醋酸铑混合在10毫升甲苯中搅拌,温度控制120度,10分钟后,停止加热,加入0.01毫摩尔AgOTf,升温至100摄氏度搅拌2小时。。用有机溶剂乙酸乙酯萃取三遍,有机相合并后用饱和食盐水洗,再用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸除溶剂,残留物用乙酸乙酯和石油醚为洗脱剂,硅胶柱色谱分离纯化,得到相应氮杂环醛2h(见表1)。或者反应完成后减压蒸除有机溶剂,残渣直接硅胶色谱柱分离。
表1.生物碱3-氨基-4-烯丙基-1,2-苯并吡咯里西啶的制备
2a:黄色固体,65%;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.80(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.34(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),6.69(dd,J=8.6,2.5Hz,1H),6.57(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),6.02–5.87(m,1H),5.84(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),5.49(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),5.14(d,J=17.1Hz,1H),5.08(d,J=10.1Hz,1H),4.83(d,J=10.1Hz,1H),3.51(s,3H),3.37–3.31(m,1H),3.22–3.11(m,1H),2.53–2.32(m,5H),1.95–1.70(m,3H),1.58–1.48(m,1H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ143.6,138.8,135.1,131.3,130.0,127.2,118.4,116.7,114.2,109.8,63.7,55.6,52.8,39.3,34.6,24.9,21.6;HRMS(ESI)m/z理论值for C22H27N2O3S+[M+H]+399.1737,实测值399.1746.
2b:黄色固体,64%;1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.78(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.32(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),6.68(dd,J=8.6,2.6Hz,1H),6.51(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),6.01(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),5.49(d,J=9.9Hz,1H),4.94(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),4.88–4.80(m,2H),3.53(s,3H),3.33–3.25(m,1H),3.16–3.04(m,1H),2.43(s,3H),2.39–3.34(m,2H),1.98–1.90(m,1H),1.88–1.78(m,1H),1.77(s,3H),1.76–1.68(m,1H),1.65–1.53(m,1H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ143.7,143.5,138.8,131.7,129.8,127.2,116.5,114.4,114.1,109.8,69.1,65.1,63.5,55.7,53.0,42.0,36.0,24.7,21.6;HRMS(ESI)m/z理论值for C23H29N2O3S+[M+H]+413.1893,实测值413.1920.
2c:yellow oil,62%;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.81(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.35(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),6.72(dd,J=8.6,2.5Hz,1H),6.59(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),5.99(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),5.90(s,1H),5.56(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),5.38(brs,1H),4.90(d,J=9.8Hz,1H),3.54(s,3H),3.50–3.40(m,1H),3.23–3.13(m,1H),2.90(s,2H),2.44(s,3H),2.23–2.17(m,1H),2.01-1.94(m,1H),1.83–1.77(m,1H),1.61(dt,J=13.0,8.5Hz,1H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ143.8,138.5,131.1,130.1,130.0,128.8,127.2,121.8,117.0,114.6,109.9,64.4,58.5,55.7,53.1,45.1,34.9,27.0,25.0,21.6,18.5;HRMS(ESI)m/z理论值forC22H26BrN2O3S+[M+H]+479.0827,实测值479.0825.
2d:黄色固体,54%;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.76(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.34(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),6.58(dd,J=8.0,1.8Hz,1H),6.49(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),6.22(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),5.95–5.85(m,1H),5.28(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),5.15(dd,J=17.1,0.9Hz,1H),5.08(d,J=10.2Hz,1H),4.81(d,J=10.1Hz,1H),3.34–3.27(m,1H),3.18-3.12(m,1H),2.46(s,3H),2.44–2.31(m,3H),1.93–1.77(m,3H),1.50–1.38(m,1H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ143.8,138.5,135.8,134.9,130.0,128.5,127.2,125.9,120.6,118.5,112.5,76.4,62.8,51.2,39.0,34.4,25.0,21.6;HRMS(ESI)m/z理论值for C21H24ClN2O2S+[M+H]+403.1242,实测值403.1244.
2e:黄色油状物,57%;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.80(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.39–7.24(m,7H),6.67(dd,J=8.5,2.4Hz,1H),6.38(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),6.00(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),5.34–5.31(m,3H),4.93(d,J=9.8Hz,1H),3.56(s,3H),3.10–2.96(m,2H),2.89(s,2H),2.45(s,3H),1.95–1.83(m,1H),1.79–1.61(m,2H),1.55(dt,J=12.6,8.0Hz,1H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ145.6,143.5,142.6,138.6,131.3,129.9,129.2,128.1,127.2,126.9,126.3,117.6,116.5,113.9,109.6,65.3,55.7,52.7,39.61,35.1,29.8,25.3,21.6;HRMS(ESI)m/z理论值for C28H31N2O3S+[M+H]+475.2050,实测值475.2013.
2f:黄色固体,64%;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.74(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.33(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),6.89(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),6.42(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.07–5.90(m,1H),5.78(s,1H),5.49(d,J=10.1Hz,1H),5.13–5.07(m,2H),4.75(d,J=10.1Hz,1H),3.31–3.24(m,1H),3.23–3.12(m,1H),2.48(s,3H),2.46–2.39(m,1H),2.28(dd,J=14.2,9.0Hz,1H),2.02(s,3H),1.94–1.66(m,3H),1.46–1.33(m,1H);13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ151.3,143.5,138.9,135.2,130.5,130.1,129.8,127.4,125.8,118.1,112.4,76.4,62.9,51.7,38.9,33.7,24.7,21.6,20.6;HRMS(ESI)m/z理论值for C22H27N2O2S+[M+H]+383.1788,实测值383.1794.
Trans-2g:黄色固体,30%;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.81(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.34(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),5.83–5.75(m,3H),5.19(d,J=17.1Hz,1H),5.08(d,J=10.7Hz,1H),4.59(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),4.40(d,J=5.0Hz,1H),3.73(s,3H),3.43(m,1H),3.37(s,3H),3.14–3.08(m,1H),2.57–2.47(m,1H),2.47–2.38(m,4H),2.29(m,1H),2.07–1.96(m,1H),1.95–1.86(m,1H),1.83–1.73(m,1H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ163.5,156.8,143.2,137.1,134.7,129.3,127.8,118.3,96.5,90.1,58.5,55.5,54.6,43.8,31.9,29.8,26.0,21.6;HRMS(ESI)m/z理论值for C23H29N2O4S+[M+H]+429.1843,实测值429.1856.
Cis-2g:黄色固体,36%;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.77(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.30(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),6.10–5.95(m,1H),5.84(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),5.77(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),5.20(d,J=17.2Hz,1H),5.09(d,J=10.2Hz,1H),5.04(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),4.83(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),3.72(s,3H),3.35–3.15(m,5H),2.71(dd,J=14.5,7.6Hz,1H),2.53(dd,J=14.5,6.5Hz,1H),2.43(s,3H),2.01–1.94(m,1H),1.93–1.83(m,1H),1.81–1.73(m,1H),1.67–1.54(m,1H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ163.5,157.2,142.8,138.5,135.4,129.2,127.4,118.0,107.4,90.5,62.8,55.5,54.6,51.8,39.8,35.0,25.1,21.5;HRMS(ESI)m/z理论值forC23H29N2O4S+[M+H]+429.1843,实测值429.1848.
2h:黄色固体,68%;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.79(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.34(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),6.31–6.24(m,2H),6.20(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),6.02–5.88(m,1H),5.55(d,J=9.8Hz,1H),5.17(d,J=17.0Hz,1H),5.11(d,J=10.2Hz,1H),4.79(d,J=9.9Hz,1H),3.73(s,3H),3.47–3.40(m,1H),3.32–3.22(m,1H),2.55(dd,J=14.4,5.2Hz,1H),2.46(s,3H),2.45–2.39(m,1H),2.00–1.87(m,2H),1.86–1.75(m,1H),1.59–1.48(m,1H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ161.9,143.6,138.7,134.5,129.9,127.2,125.9,122.7,118.8,108.5,99.5,78.2,62.6,55.5,52.1,38.6,34.2,24.5,21.6;HRMS(ESI)m/z理论值forC22H27N2O3S+[M+H]+399.1737,实测值399.1735。

Claims (2)

1.一种制备9-氨基-9a-烯丙基苯并吡咯里西啶生物碱的方法,其特征在于按照下述步骤进行:
按比例将1-磺酰基三氮唑1、金属催化剂混合在一种有机溶剂中搅拌,根据底物和试剂特性,温度控制在设定温度之间,设定时间后,停止反应,反应温度在50-120度之间,反应时间为10分钟到5小时之间;所述的金属催化剂为醋酸铑;其中所述的1-磺酰基三氮唑1和催化剂摩尔比为1.0:0.005到1.0:0.05之间;
加入路易斯酸催化剂,在50-120℃之间的反应温度下;反应时间为10分钟到12小时之间;反应液用水淬灭后,用有机溶剂乙酸乙酯或二氯甲烷萃取三遍,有机相合并后用饱和食盐水洗,再用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸除溶剂,残留物用乙酸乙酯和石油醚为洗脱剂,硅胶柱色谱分离纯化,得到相应的苯并吡咯里西啶生物碱2;或者反应完成后减压蒸除有机溶剂,残渣直接硅胶色谱柱分离;所述的路易斯酸催化剂为三氟甲磺酸酮、三氟醋酸铜、三氟甲磺酸银、三氟甲磺酸钪;其中所述的1-磺酰基三氮唑1和催化剂摩尔比为1.0:0.005到1.0:0.05之间;
其中所述1-磺酰基三氮唑1的结构式为 ,其中R1 为甲氧基、烷基、卤素;R2为苯基、对甲基苯基、甲基、乙基、苄基、氯、溴、氟; R3为烷基,取代的芳基;
其中所述的苯并吡咯里西啶生物碱2的结构式为,其中R1 为甲氧基、烷基、卤素;R2为苯基、对甲基苯基、甲基、乙基、苄基、氯、溴、氟; R3为烷基,取代的芳基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种制备9-氨基-9a-烯丙基苯并吡咯里西啶生物碱方法,其特征在于反应溶剂为四氢呋喃、甲苯、二氯甲烷或三氯甲烷。
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