CN104446591A - 用于将耐热保护部件施加至暴露于热的部件的表面的方法 - Google Patents

用于将耐热保护部件施加至暴露于热的部件的表面的方法 Download PDF

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CN104446591A
CN104446591A CN201410484873.4A CN201410484873A CN104446591A CN 104446591 A CN104446591 A CN 104446591A CN 201410484873 A CN201410484873 A CN 201410484873A CN 104446591 A CN104446591 A CN 104446591A
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heat
parts
brazing
thermal protection
flexible device
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H-P.博斯曼恩
M.斯图尔
D.雷努施
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Ansaldo Energia IP UK Ltd
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Alstom Technology AG
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    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/02—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass turbine or like blades from one piece
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    • B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
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    • C04B37/023—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
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    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0885—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements specially adapted for being adhesively fixed to the wall; Fastening means therefor; Fixing by means of plastics materials hardening after application
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    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于将耐热保护部件施加至暴露于热的部件的表面的方法。该方法包括步骤：提供至少两个分开的热保护部件(2)；通过柔性器件(1、4)而将至少两个分开的耐热保护部件(2)接合到它们的顶部表面和/或底部表面和/或至少一侧表面上以用于获得完整可操作实体；以及通过将各个热保护部件(2)的表面(5)施加并铜焊在暴露于热的部件的表面上以固定完整可操作实体。为了将柔性器件接合在所述分开的热保护部件(2)上，选择柔性器件(1、4)的材料以使材料经受铜焊，该铜焊在保护性气氛不含或含有减少的量的氧气的气氛下在700℃与1200℃之间的处理温度下执行，并且在铜焊之后在随后的氧化热步骤期间烧尽该材料。

Description

用于将耐热保护部件施加至暴露于热的部件的表面的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于将耐热保护部件施加至暴露于热的部件的表面的方法，暴露于热的部件如燃烧室的燃烧室衬套、或轮叶、叶片或热屏蔽元件作为燃气涡轮布置或蒸汽涡轮布置的涡轮的部件。
制造用于尤其是在燃气涡轮布置中的部件的材料，其热稳定性可能不足够高以经受处于超过1400℃范围内的处理温度。因此在现代以及将来的燃气涡轮布置以及蒸汽涡轮布置中，必须十分努力以针对高温应力而保护暴露于热的部件。首先，暴露于热的部件可以通过冷却技术的方式冷却，例如通过在暴露于热的部件内提供冷却通道，冷却空气在压力下引导通过该冷却通道。其次，部件至少在那些暴露于特别高的热负荷的区域覆盖有热保护层。
背景技术
常规的热保护层被称为热障涂层(TBC)，它是用于正式地使部件与大且延长的热负荷隔离的高度先进的材料系统。
由于受限制的由处理参数控制其微型结构的能力以及适用于热等离子喷涂的材料的减少的选择，在高度先进的燃气涡轮中，热障涂层(TBCs)可能达到了其应用限制。克服这些限制的一种方法为移除TBC涂层并用所谓的瓷砖替换它们，该瓷砖可利用不同的紧固技术固定在暴露于热的部件的表面上。
在文件US 4,563,128中，瓷砖夹持于涡轮叶片的侧部区域中的楔型凹口中。
文件EP 0 895 028 B1公开了一种用于包括至少一个壁板的燃烧空间的瓷衬套，其由耐热结构陶瓷制成。所述壁板提供了开口，穿过该开口布置紧固元件如螺钉以用于将所述壁板紧固至燃烧室的内壁。
文件US 7,198,860 B2以及US 2010/0260960公开了一种用于带有多个瓷砖的燃气涡轮部件的瓷砖隔离，该瓷砖粘结至燃气涡轮部件的暴露于热的表面。单独的瓷砖的第一层粘结至陶瓷材料的燃气涡轮部件的表面。单独的瓷砖的第二层粘结于第一层的顶部。可使多个瓷砖附连至柔性织物例如纺织陶瓷布。这些文件也描述了包含多个瓷砖的整个片板可利用粘合剂来施加至燃气涡轮部件。
特别的挑战为利用多个单个的陶瓷板状瓷砖至少覆盖那些工作条件下经受特别高温应力的暴露于热的部件的表面区域，这些陶瓷板状瓷砖可以一起形成统一的热保护层表面。在该连接中特殊的挑战为至少覆盖那些暴露于热的部件的表面区域，该部件在工作状态期间经受特别高温应力并带有多个单个的陶瓷板状瓷砖，这些瓷砖必须一片接一片地操作并固定至表面上。施加至那些瓷砖的曲率以及高热梯度要求使用尽可能最小的瓷砖以允许对所需的部件形状的良好考虑并限制在高热梯度下发生的破裂的风险。这种瓷砖可通过铜焊技术附连至暴露于热的部件如涡轮板的金属表面。但是，热表面上的热膨胀需要考虑最小的瓷砖距离，以在加热膨胀期间防止它们互相分离。事实上，将各个单个的瓷砖操作至限定的位置并将瓷砖粘结在暴露于热的部件的表面上，造成了本应创造性地减少的大量时间以及工作费用。
发明内容
本发明的目的为提供一种将耐热保护部件施加至暴露于热的部件的表面上的方法，该方法可减少时间、工作以及成本费用并同时可保证确定的定位以及多个瓷砖的每一个粘结至将被保护的暴露于热的部件的表面上。
通过独立权利要求1中的特征的总和完成该目的。尤其参考优选实施例，本发明可通过所附的权利要求以及下面描述中公开的特征有利地修改。
用于通过将带表面的耐热保护部件例如瓷砖施加至暴露于热的部件的表面上的创造性方法，包括以下步骤：
-提供至少两个分开的耐热保护部件，
-通过柔性器件而将至少两个分开的耐热保护部件接合到它们的顶部表面和/或底部表面和/或至少一侧表面上并通过粘合剂材料将柔性器件与耐热保护部件固定以用于获得完整可操作实体，
-通过将各个热保护部件的表面施加并铜焊在暴露于热的部件的表面上以固定完整可操作实体，其中
-柔性器件由能经受铜焊的材料制成，铜焊在保护性气氛即不含或含有减少的量的氧气的气氛下在700℃与1200℃之间的处理温度下执行，
-粘合剂材料经受铜焊，铜焊在保护性气氛即不含或含有减少的量的氧气的气氛下在700℃与1200℃之间的处理温度下执行，
-铜焊之后在随后的氧化热步骤期间烧尽所述材料。
在优选实施例中，在氧化热步骤期间添加水蒸气以用于碳材料的更快地烧尽。
在本方法的第一步中，在优选实施例中至少两个、优选多个分开的热保护部件具有板状形状，例如瓷砖，并排地布置在安装表面上。所有瓷砖-表达“瓷砖”将在下面被使用以代替热保护部件并且不带有可能的热保护部件的形状以及尺寸的限制-可不必为相同的形状以及尺寸但是提供适于暴露于热的部件的表面区域的表面。所有瓷砖通过柔性器件连接，即每两个邻近布置的瓷砖将通过柔性器件接合以使所有瓷砖处于与衬垫类似的柔性网络中，其可单件地操作而不可使单独的瓷砖相对于彼此改变位置。
下一步骤中，将通过将各个瓷砖的表面施加并铜焊在暴露于热的部件的表面上而固定完整可操作实体。所有连接在一起的瓷砖的铜焊可在一个单个的步骤中进行以使整个操作费用可以显著地减少。
在第一个用于接合该至少两个分开的瓷砖的优选实施例中，将作为柔性器件的网孔在至少两个瓷砖处施加并固定于瓷砖的表面上，该表面与适应暴露于热的部件的表面区域的表面相对。
优选地，网孔由碳纤维网或有机化合物在真空铜焊条件下碳化制成。网孔通过石墨糊附连在至少两个单独的瓷砖上。在通过柔性器件接合至少两个分开的瓷砖前，各个瓷砖需在形状以及方位上适应以获得普通的棋盘格表面组成，其中，每对邻近的瓷砖包围例如具有在50μm范围内的缝隙宽度的限定的缝隙。
优选地，包括多个通过碳网孔柔性结合的瓷砖的棋盘格表面组成可覆盖轮廓，该轮廓在施加至将被热保护的表面之后保持暴露于热的部件的轮廓。
为了固定包括通过柔性器件接合的多个单独的瓷砖的完整可操作实体，将在保护性气氛下执行铜焊以使网孔材料且还使粘合剂材料将保持完好并防止热保护部件单独地在彼此之间移动。在铜焊之后，氧化燃烧步骤烧尽这些材料，使多个覆盖暴露于热的部件的表面的瓷砖完美等距布置。
备选地或除了使用碳纤维网孔之外，可在两个邻近热保护部件之间的空间中添加碳或石墨间隔元件作为柔性器件。
附图说明
随后将基于示例性实施例连同附图更详细地说明本发明。在附图中，
图1a、b、c示出了用于通过柔性器件接合至少两个分开的热保护部件的备选方法，以及，
图2a、b示出了用于热保护部件的3D以及2D成形的方法。
具体实施方式
图1a显示了在九个分开的热保护部件2的类似镶嵌布置上的透视图，该热保护部件2为全部为相同的矩形形状以及尺寸的瓷砖。瓷砖2在相同的平面中并排地布置并彼此包围例如具有50μm的缝隙宽度的缝隙，并且通过柔性器件以碳纤维网孔1的形式接合。当然，也可使用另一种经受铜焊需要的高温的材料。碳纤维网孔1在同一侧接合全部九个瓷砖2。碳纤维网孔1通过在图1b中显示的粘性石墨或碳糊3固定在各个单个的瓷砖2处。
备选地或与碳纤维网孔1结合，如在图1c中所示，碳或石墨间隔元件4在瓷砖的两个相反侧边缘的各个处接合两个邻近的瓷砖2。
基本上，各个热保护部件2的形状以及尺寸可单独地适于暴露于热的部件的表面以用于热保护目的。
为使通过在图1a中显示的柔性碳网孔1接合彼此的多个布置的瓷砖2施加至未显示的暴露于热的部件的表面上，瓷砖2与碳纤维网孔1相对的表面将接触暴露于热的部件的表面并将通过铜焊固定在部件上。
在铜焊期间，为避免碳纤维网孔1以及石墨或碳糊3的任何降解，碳以及石墨材料必须经受高达1200℃的处理温度。出于该原因，将在真空铜焊条件或在保护性气氛中执行铜焊。在铜焊之后，碳纤维网孔以及石墨或碳糊3可在随后的氧化热循环期间移除。为了碳材料的更快速烧尽，可在氧化热循环期间将水蒸气添加至氧化气氛。
图2a显示了穿过两个瓷砖2的横截面，该瓷砖2并排地布置并在它们之间包围小的缝隙，并且通过柔性碳纤维网孔1或类似的柔性器件例如聚合膜的耐热带接合。为使各个瓷砖2的表面适应暴露于热的部件的表面轮廓，其中类似镶嵌的瓷砖布置必须施加至该暴露于热的部件上，各个瓷砖2的表面5可通过特殊的制造步骤如腐蚀或研磨技术构造。这在图2a中显示。
图2b显示了用于通过将最初的单个瓷砖2'切割为多个瓷砖2''的方式来分割的示例，瓷砖2''具有不同形状以及尺寸并通过碳网孔1接合。选择各个单个瓷砖2''的几何图形以使暴露于热的部件的三维弯曲轮廓可连续地由图2b中显示的特殊的分开的瓷砖的类似镶嵌的布置覆盖。各个瓷砖在暴露于热的表面处由缝隙分开，该表面具有测量为至少50μm且最大600μm、优选为100μm的缝隙。
当然，本申请不限制于所描述的实施例。
附图标记
1 柔性器件、网孔
2 热保护部件，例如瓷砖
2' 单个瓷砖
2'' 分开的瓷砖
3 石墨或碳糊
4 间隔元件，碳或石墨间隔件
5 构造表面

Claims (5)

1. 一种用于将带有表面(5)的耐热保护部件(2)施加至暴露于热的部件的表面上的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
-提供至少两个分开的耐热保护部件(2)，
-通过柔性器件(1、4)而将所述至少两个分开的耐热保护部件(2)接合到它们的顶部表面和/或底部表面和/或至少一侧表面上，并通过粘合剂材料(3)将所述柔性器件(1、4)与所述热保护部件(2)固定以用于获得完整可操作实体，
-通过将各个热保护部件(2)的所述表面(5)施加并铜焊在所述暴露于热的部件的表面上来固定所述完整可操作实体，其中
-所述柔性器件(1、4)由经受铜焊的材料制成，所述铜焊在保护性气氛即不含或含有减少的量的氧气的气氛下在700℃与1200℃之间的处理温度下执行，
-所述粘合剂材料(3)经受铜焊，所述铜焊在保护性气氛即不含或含有减少的量的氧气的气氛下在700℃与1200℃之间的处理温度下执行，以及
-铜焊之后在随后的氧化热步骤期间烧尽所述材料。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述氧化热步骤期间添加水蒸气。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，为了接合所述至少两个分开的热保护部件(2)，将作为柔性器件的网孔(1)在所述至少两个分开的热保护部件(2)处施加并固定于与所述表面(5)相对的一侧，所述表面(5)适应所述暴露于热的部件的表面区域。
4. 根据权利要求1至3中的一项所述的方法，其特征在于，为了接合所述至少两个分开的热保护部件(2)，在并排地布置的所述至少两个分开的热保护部件(2)之间添加作为柔性器件的间隔元件(4)。
5. 根据权利要求1至4中的一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述至少两个分开的热保护部件(2)是板状的并包括陶瓷材料，所述柔性器件(1、4)由碳或有机化合物在真空铜焊条件下碳化制成，并且所述柔性器件(1、4)通过石墨或碳糊(3)固定在所述至少两个分开的热保护部件(2)处。
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