CN104435990B - 一种促进腹部术后胃肠功能恢复的中药组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种促进腹部术后胃肠功能恢复的中药组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种中药组合物,该组合物含有8~12重量份的乌药、7~11重量份的砂仁、7~11重量份的人参、8~12重量份的桃仁及10~14重量份的槟榔,根据需要还可含有药学上可接受的载体,并制成任一可药用的剂型,优选颗粒剂或口服液。该组合物的制备方法,以及在制备治疗促进腹部术后胃肠功能恢复的药物中的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药领域,涉及一种中药组合物及其制备方法,特别涉及一种促进腹部术后胃肠功能恢复的中药组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
围手术期术后胃肠功能障碍(PostoperativeGastrointestinal Disorder)是术后胃肠道功能未能尽早恢复带来的一系列症状和体征的统称。几乎所有中等及以上手术(尤其是腹部手术)和麻醉都会使术后胃肠功能产生不同程度的影响,一般情况下,腹部术后小肠需要12~24小时才恢复蠕动,胃动力恢复时间为24~48小时,而结肠则需3~5天。即整个胃肠道的运动在术后3~5天才能恢复。凡超过此时间胃肠功能未恢复及其带来的一系列的症状体征则称之为围手术期术后胃肠功能障碍。是外科术后最常见的并发症,发生率为47.4%,远超过感染等其他病症。胃肠功能障碍常见临床表现为腹胀腹痛,纳差,恶心,严重将引起水、电解质及酸解平衡紊乱,肠粘连,吻合口瘘,肠道菌群失调和营养障碍。如急性胃扩张约70%病例发生于腹部手术后;腹部术后约有60~70%发生肠粘连,是急、慢性肠梗阻的主要原因。同时,胃肠功能与营养密切相关,营养不良者术后并发症的发生率20倍于无营养不良者,且住院时间长,费用多,病死率高。肠内营养能够降低并发症的发生率、缩短并发症的持续时间,感染和非感染并发症危险性分别降低40.8%和26.6%。这是国际上研究热点领域之一。
胃肠功能恢复是围手术期快速康复中的关键环节。现代医学认为,手术创伤、麻醉、胃肠病变、全身状况等均会对胃肠功能产生一定的影响。不同的手术对胃肠动力的影响不尽相同,一般以腹部手术、尤其是胃肠道手术对胃肠动力的影响较大。但是必须指出的是,除了胃肠外科手术以外,肝胆外科手术、妇科手术、心脏手术、脊柱手术等各类手术、包括麻醉都会影响胃肠功能,影响手术患者的术后快速康复。
胃肠动力是胃肠功能恢复的基础。现代医学目前的术后处理主要是给予补液、纠正水电解质和酸碱失衡、预防感染、解痉止痛以及胃肠减压等基础处理为主,尚缺乏有效药物等针对胃肠功能恢复的主动干预措施。
中医药关于胃肠功能方面的论治内容十分丰富,包括六腑以通为用,胃主受纳,脾主运化;脾气宜升,胃气宜降,脾胃升降正常等,代表治法有攻下通腑法、行气通调法、益气健脾法、疏肝和胃法等,代表方剂有大柴胡汤、四磨汤、平胃散、五磨饮子、调胃承气汤等,但是主要用于内科胃肠道疾病。近年来,也有学者关注到胃肠动力中药促进术后胃肠功能恢复问题,开展了一些中医临床研究,例如李谨峰[大承气汤对胆总管结石患者术后胃肠功能恢复的影响.中国中医急症,2010,(5):745-746]以大承气汤(大黄12g,芒硝9g,厚朴15g,枳实12g)胃管注入治疗86例胆总管结石术后患者,结果排气时间、排便时间及进食时间均明显缩短,肠鸣音恢复时间、腹胀缓解时间及压痛减轻时间均明显降低;王弢[大柴胡汤对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后胃肠功能恢复的影响.中国中西医结合外科杂志.2009,15(3):223-225]观察大柴胡汤(柴胡、生大黄、枳实、黄芩各100g,白芍150g、半夏90g、大枣50枚、生姜60g,浓缩混悬液)对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后胃肠功能恢复的影响,结果治疗组在治疗后胃泌素水平较高(P<0.05),肠鸣音恢复时间明显缩短(P<0.05),肛门排气时间明显缩短(P<0.05);许小娟[参苓白术散治疗消化系统恶性肿瘤术后胃肠功能紊乱58例.吉林中医药,2006,26(1):22-23]应用参苓白术散(党参15g,白术10g,茯苓10g,山药30g,白扁豆30g,薏苡仁30g,砂仁10g,莲子肉10g,炙甘草5g,桔梗6g)治疗消化系统恶性肿瘤术后胃肠功能紊乱58例取得较好的疗效;李桂娥[自拟术后汤对妇科手术后胃肠功能恢复的疗效观察.中国医药导报,2010,7(14):62-63]观察自拟术后汤(党参、黄芪、法夏、竹茹、谷芽、厚朴、大黄、木香)的疗效,结果显示其对腰硬联合麻醉下妇科手术患者胃肠道功能恢复有一定作用。
上述报道提示中医药对促进腹部术后胃肠功能恢复有着一定的疗效,但是既往使用中药主要以经验总结为主,缺乏严格的科学研究,亟待开发出既有良好疗效、又能方便患者服用的胃肠动力中药新药提供临床使用。
发明内容
本发明以围手术期胃肠功能恢复中医药研究为切入点,近年来开展了大量的研究工作。通过大量的文献综述和临床经验总结,及全国范围行业内专家论证,分析术后胃肠功能的发病机理和中西医诊疗进展,提出术后胃肠动力障碍的主要原因是肠麻痹,动力不足,其中医病机主要为虚证,或者以虚证为主、虚实夹杂。其虚证,主要为气虚或气血两虚,术后早期以脾胃气虚为主;实证则主要为气滞,术后早期表现为脾胃气滞,腑气不通。因此,根据中医“异病同治”的原则,对于择期手术导致胃肠功能障碍的绝大多数患者,围手术期术后胃肠功能障碍的辨证论治策略应以扶正补虚或者扶正祛邪为主要治则,以健脾醒胃、行气通腑为治法。
本发明系统梳理了促进围手术期术后胃肠功能恢复的中医药疗法,并依据术后胃肠动力障碍主要为“气虚气滞”的中医病机理论认识,对内服中药进行了科学系统的文献筛选和部分基础实验研究,优选出本发明的中药组合物。
本发明的中药组合物,包括乌药、砂仁、人参、桃仁及槟榔五味药材。
进一步的,本发明的中药组合物包括8~12重量份的乌药、7~11重量份的砂仁、7~11重量份的人参、8~12重量份的桃仁及10~14重量份的槟榔。
优选的,本发明的中药组合物包括10重量份的乌药、9重量份的砂仁、9重量份的人参、10重量份的桃仁及12重量份的槟榔。
进一步的,本发明的中药组合物根据需要还可含有药学上可接受的载体。
进一步的,本发明的中药组合物可制备成任一可药用的剂型。
本发明的中药组合物,可以是任何可服用的药物形式:如:片剂、糖衣片剂、薄膜衣片剂、肠溶衣片剂、胶囊剂、硬胶囊剂、软胶囊剂、口服液、口含剂、颗粒剂、冲剂、丸剂、散剂、膏剂、丹剂、混悬剂、粉剂、溶液剂、注射剂、栓剂、软膏剂、硬膏剂、霜剂、喷雾剂、滴剂、贴剂。
本发明的中药组合物,优选的是单位剂量的药物制剂形式。
本发明的中药组合物,在制成药剂时,单位剂量的药剂可含有本发明的中药组合物药物活性物质0.1-1000mg,其余为药学上可接受的载体。药学上可接受的载体以重量计可以是制剂总重量的0.01-99.99%。
本发明的组合物在使用时根据病人的情况确定用法用量,如一日1-3次。一次1-10片等。
优选的,本发明的中药组合物为口服制剂。
其中,所述口服制剂选自颗粒剂、胶囊剂、片剂、滴丸、浓缩丸、口服液和合剂中的一种。
本发明的中药组合物,其口服给药的制剂可含有常用的赋形剂,诸如粘合剂、填充剂、稀释剂、压片剂、润滑剂、崩解剂、着色剂、调味剂和湿润剂,必要时可对片剂进行包衣。
适用的填充剂包括纤维素、甘露糖醇、乳糖和其它类似的填充剂。适宜的崩解剂包括淀粉、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和淀粉衍生物,例如羟基乙酸淀粉钠。适宜的润滑剂包括,例如硬脂酸镁。适宜的药物可接受的湿润剂包括十二烷基硫酸钠。
本发明的药物组合物可通过混合,填充,压片等常用的方法制备固体口服组合物。进行反复混合可使活性物质分布在整个使用大量填充剂的那些组合物中。
口服液体制剂的形式例如可以是水性或油性悬浮液、溶液、乳剂、糖浆剂或酏剂,或者可以是一种在使用前可用水或其它适宜的载体复配的干燥产品。这种液体制剂可含有常规的添加剂,诸如悬浮剂,例如山梨醇、糖浆、甲基纤维素、明胶、羟乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、硬脂酸铝凝胶或氢化食用脂肪,乳化剂,例如卵磷脂、脱水山梨醇一油酸酯或阿拉伯胶;非水性载体(它们可以包括食用油),例如杏仁油、分馏椰子油、诸如甘油的酯的油性酯、丙二醇或乙醇;防腐剂,例如对羟基苯甲酯或对羟基苯甲酸丙酯或山梨酸,并且如果需要,可含有常规的香味剂或着色剂。
本发明的药物组合物,在制备成药剂时可选择性的加入适合的药物可接受的载体,所述药物可接受的载体选自:甘露醇、山梨醇、焦亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、硫代硫酸钠、盐酸半胱氨酸、巯基乙酸、蛋氨酸、维生素C、EDTA二钠、EDTA钙钠,一价碱金属的碳酸盐、醋酸盐、磷酸盐或其水溶液、盐酸、醋酸、硫酸、磷酸、氨基酸、氯化钠、氯化钾、乳酸钠、木糖醇、麦芽糖、葡萄糖、果糖、右旋糖苷、甘氨酸、淀粉、蔗糖、乳糖、甘露糖醇、硅衍生物、纤维素及其衍生物、藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、甘油、土温80、琼脂、碳酸钙、碳酸氢钙、表面活性剂、聚乙二醇、环糊精、β-环糊精、磷脂类材料、高岭土、滑石粉、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁等。
优选的,本发明的中药组合物制成颗粒剂或口服液。
进一步的,本发明的药物组合物是按照如下方法进行制备的:
取砂仁加5~15倍量(w/v)的水,浸泡0.5~2h,蒸馏提取挥发油4~8h,收集挥发油,蒸馏后的水溶液另器存储;另取人参加4~10倍量(w/v)的60~90%乙醇提取1~3次,每次0.5~3h,滤过,合并滤液,回收乙醇至无醇味,浓缩,备用;药渣与上述砂仁药渣以及槟榔、桃仁、乌药加水煎煮2~4次,每次煎煮0.5~2小时,滤过,滤液与上述蒸馏后的水溶液合并,浓缩,加入人参浓缩液,混匀,加入砂仁挥发油及适量辅料,再进一步制成各种制剂,即得。
优选的,本发明的药物组合物是按照如下方法进行制备的:
取砂仁加8倍量的水,浸泡0.5h,蒸馏提取挥发油6h,收集挥发油,蒸馏后的水溶液另器存储;另取人参加6倍量70%乙醇提取2次,每次1h,滤过,合并滤液,回收乙醇至无醇味,并浓缩至相对密度为1.08~1.12(60℃),备用;药渣与上述砂仁药渣以及槟榔、桃仁、乌药加水煎煮3次,每次煎煮1小时,滤过,滤液与上述蒸馏后的水溶液合并,浓缩至相对密度为1.08~1.12(60℃),加入人参浓缩液,加入砂仁挥发油及适量辅料,再进一步制成各种制剂,即得。
本发明的中药组合物适用于腹部术后未有肛门排气或排便,纳差神疲,轻度腹胀等中医辨证为脾胃气虚气滞证患者。
本发明的中药组合物方中以砂仁、乌药为君,运脾醒胃,行气消滞;人参大补元气,助脾胃运化升清为臣;桃仁活血化瘀、润肠通便为佐;槟榔引药下行、通腑降浊为使。诸药合用,共奏健脾醒胃、行气通腑之功,促进术后早期胃肠功能快速康复。
以下通过3个实验例来说明本发明的中药组合物(以下简称香槟方)的有益效果:
实验例1香槟方对犬剖腹探查术后胃肠动力作用的实验研究
实验材料:
1.实验动物:健康成年毕格犬(Beagle)40只,雄性,体重15.0±1.0k。由广东省高要康达实验动物科技有限公司提供(合格证号008448)。
2.受试药物:香槟方为康美药业有限公司提供,按照本发明实施例1中的方法进行提取制备,加水溶解至每100ml含生药33g。吗丁啉为西安杨森制药有限公司产品,吗丁啉20mg,溶于200ml蒸馏水。
3.试剂:丙泊酚注射液,四川国瑞药业有限责任公司产品。注射用青霉素钠,四川制药制剂有限公司产品。
实验方法和结果
方法:用40只毕格犬剖腹探查手术围手术期模型进行慢性实验,在胃窦、幽门、十二指肠、空肠和结肠植入应力传感器记录胃肠运动。在胃体部安装不锈钢胃瘘管供灌入香槟方水溶液,实验分为4组,每组10只,观察对照组、剖腹探查术组+吗丁啉组、剖腹探查术组+生理盐水组、剖腹探查术组+香槟方组。造模过程:术前2周训练犬,使之适应实验室环境。术前注射丙泊酚(Propofol)5mg·kg-1基础麻醉。术中:静脉灌流丙泊酚10-20mg·kg-1·h-1,维持麻醉,并青霉素160万单位静滴预防感染,并予气管插管。在无菌条件下完成下列手术:(1)腹部安装胃瘘管手术:沿腹部正中线切开腹壁,长约8-10cm。在贲门下4cm胃体部前璧,距大弯边缘约2cm处安装一个不锈钢胃瘘管(内孔径2cm×高4cm×底盘直径3.5cm),在选好的位置上作二道荷包缝合,用刀在荷包口缝合内圈沿长轴作一全层切口直达胃内,瘘管旋转入胃腔内,分别扎紧二道荷包缝线。在腹壁正中切口左缘旁开约2cm处皮肤作一切口,将瘘管安置在腹壁上,旋接上套管外套,最后将管塞旋入管茎塞紧,以经胃给药。(2)胃肠应力传感器的放置:全部犬用5个高灵敏度应力传感器分别缝在胃窦(幽门上2cm)、幽门、十二指肠(幽门下5cm)、空肠(Treitz韧带下1cm)及远端结肠(降结肠中部)浆膜上以记录胃肠的机械收缩活动。应力传感器导线由不锈钢套管引出体外。(3)在犬一侧颈外静脉内置PE-90硅胶管,以备静脉给药和抽血化验,用150IU/ml肝素封管,颈外静脉插管通过切口旁侧皮下安装的铝合金管道从颈部引出体外。术后:连续3天静滴160万单位青霉素预防感染。
胃肠运动记录:实验前禁食12h以上,实验时动物在清醒自由状态下站立于巴甫洛夫台上进行胃肠运动记录。术后1-3天,先观察120min做基础对照,后根据分组分别给予干预,及不同剂量香槟方,观察给药前后作用。观察指标:振幅指数(Motor Index,MI g):MI=单位时间收缩波振幅总和。
统计学处理:应用SPSS 17.0统计软件分析数据.各组实验数据以表示,t检验,P﹤0.05为差异有统计学意义。
结果:
(1)对照组:消化间期出现典型的消化间期移行性复合运动(MMC)周期;剖腹探查手术组:术毕当日麻醉期及术后1~3日清醒状态,消化间期胃肠运动没有MMC周期,没有位相收缩。术后1~3d,分别灌胃200ml生理盐水,香槟方及吗丁啉。术后3d,生理盐水组胃窦、幽门、十二指肠、空肠和结肠振幅指数明数明显下降,下降(46.03±4.18)﹪~(87.41±10.62)﹪(均P<0.01),香槟方组及吗丁啉组给药后均能恢复至对照组胃肠运动水平,与生理盐水组相比较,香槟方组及吗丁啉组均能明显增强术后胃肠动力(均P<0.01),且香槟方组促空肠和结肠动力作用强于吗丁啉(均P<0.05)。(表1)。
(2)剖腹探查术后0~3日,从胃瘘灌入香槟方煎剂200ml·15kg·h可克服术后消化间期胃肠动力紊乱,重新出现MMC及位相收缩,明显增加胃肠动力。给药后胃、幽门、十二指肠、空肠和结肠振幅指数增加(101.16±17.64)%~(479.96±77.61)%(均P<0.01),且给予25ml·15kg·h香槟方促胃肠动力作用不明显,至50ml·15kg·h香槟方可增强十二指肠、空肠运动,随着香槟方由低剂量至高剂量依次增强,其作用强度也依次增强(表2)。
结论:
香槟方可明显增强犬剖腹探查手术后胃肠收缩运动,呈作用强度-效应反应,香槟方具有全胃肠道促动力作用,且对空肠、结肠作用强于吗丁啉。
表1香槟方对犬剖腹探查术后胃肠振幅指数作用(MI·g/120min,n=10)
注:*与对照组比较,p<0.01,△与生理盐水组相比较,p<0.01,#与吗丁啉相比较,p<0.05.
表2香槟方对犬剖腹探查术后胃肠动力剂量反应(MI·g/120min,n=10)
注:与给药前比较,*p<0.05,**p<0.01.
实验例2香槟方与四磨汤、五磨饮子对犬剖腹探查术后胃肠动力作用比较的实验研究
实验材料:
1.实验动物:健康成年毕格犬(Beagle)25只,雄性,体重15.0±1.0k。由广东省高要康达实验动物科技有限公司提供(合格证号008448)。
2.受试药物:香槟方:乌药10g,砂仁9g,人参9g,桃仁10g,槟榔12g;四磨汤:人参6g,乌药6g,槟榔9g,沉香6g;五磨饮子:木香12g,沉香6g,槟榔12g,枳实12g,乌药12g。
其中香槟方按照本发明实施例1的方法进行制备,并溶于水;四磨汤、五磨饮子每剂400ml蒸馏水煎至200ml,备用。药物均由广东康美药业有限公司制备提供。
3.试剂:丙泊酚注射液,四川国瑞药业有限责任公司产品。注射用青霉素钠,四川制药制剂有限公司产品。
实验方法和结果
方法:用25只毕格犬剖腹探查手术围手术期模型进行慢性实验,在胃窦、十二指肠和结肠植入应力传感器记录胃肠运动。在胃体部安装不锈钢胃瘘管供灌入中药或生理盐水,实验分为5组,每组5只,生理盐水对照组、香槟方组、四磨汤组、五磨饮子组。造模过程:术前2周训练犬,使之适应实验室环境。术前注射丙泊酚(Propofol)5mg·kg-1基础麻醉。术中:静脉灌流丙泊酚10-20mg·kg-1·h-1,维持麻醉,并青霉素160万单位静滴预防感染,并予气管插管。在无菌条件下完成下列手术:(1)腹部安装胃瘘管手术:沿腹部正中线切开腹壁,长约8-10cm。在贲门下4cm胃体部前璧,距大弯边缘约2cm处安装一个不锈钢胃瘘管(内孔径2cm×高4cm×底盘直径3.5cm),在选好的位置上作二道荷包缝合,用刀在荷包口缝合内圈沿长轴作一全层切口直达胃内,瘘管旋转入胃腔内,分别扎紧二道荷包缝线。在腹壁正中切口左缘旁开约2cm处皮肤作一切口,将瘘管安置在腹壁上,旋接上套管外套,最后将管塞旋入管茎塞紧,以经胃给药。(2)胃肠应力传感器的放置:全部犬用3个高灵敏度应力传感器分别缝在胃窦(幽门上2cm)、十二指肠(幽门下5cm)及结肠(降结肠中部)浆膜上以记录胃肠的机械收缩活动。应力传感器导线由不锈钢套管引出体外。术后:连续3天静滴160万单位青霉素预防感染。
胃肠运动记录:实验前禁食12h以上,实验时动物在清醒自由状态下站立于巴甫洛夫台上进行胃肠运动记录。术后1-3天,先观察120min做基础对照,后根据分组分别给予200ml药液干预,观察给药前后作用,每组每只动物各观察3次。观察指标:收缩波数,平均振幅,振幅指数(单位时间内振幅之和)。
统计学处理:应用SPSS 17.0统计软件分析数据.各组实验数据以表示,t检验,P﹤0.05为差异有统计学意义。
结果:
(1)对腹部术后犬胃肠收缩波数的影响
观察剖腹探查术后犬1-3天胃肠收缩情况,与生理盐水组相比较,给药后60min,香槟方组、四磨汤组、五磨饮子组胃窦、十二指肠和结肠收缩波数均明显增加(均P﹤0.01或0.05)。其中香槟方组增强作用最强,但与四磨汤组、五磨饮子组相比较,无统计学差异。
(2)对腹部术后犬胃肠收缩平均振幅的影响
从胃瘘灌入香槟方、四磨汤、五磨饮子后,与生理盐水组相比较,可增强胃肠收缩振幅,胃窦收缩幅度增强,但无统计学差异。与生理盐水相比较,均可观察到香槟方、四磨汤、五磨饮子对十二指肠和结肠平均振幅有增强作用(均P﹤0.05)(见表4)。
(3)对腹部术后犬胃肠振幅指数的影响
与生理盐水相比较,从胃瘘灌入香槟方、四磨汤、五磨饮子后,可明显增强胃窦、十二指肠和结肠振幅指数(均P﹤0.05或0.01)。与香槟方组相比较,四磨汤组胃窦、十二指肠、结肠振幅指数下降,结肠振幅指数差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);五磨饮子组胃窦振幅指数明显下降(P﹤0.05),十二指肠和结肠振幅指数差异无统计学差异。
结论:
香槟方、四磨汤、五磨饮子对犬剖腹探查手术后胃肠收缩波总数有明显增强作用(均P﹤0.05或0.01);对于胃窦动力指数,香槟方作用明显优于五磨饮子;对于十二指肠,香槟方作用明显优于五磨饮子;对于结肠,香槟方作用明显优于四磨汤。
表3香槟方与四磨汤、五磨饮子对腹部术后犬胃肠收缩波数的影响
注:与生理盐水组比较,*P﹤0.05,**P﹤0.01,与香槟方比较,#P﹤0.05.
表4香槟方与四磨汤、五磨饮子对腹部术后犬胃肠收缩平均振幅的影响
注:与生理盐水组比较,*P﹤0.05,**P﹤0.01
表5香槟方与四磨汤、五磨饮子对腹部术后犬胃肠振幅指数的影响
注:与生理盐水组比较,*P﹤0.05,**P﹤0.01,与香槟方组比较,#P﹤0.05.
实验例3香槟方对腹部术后胃肠功能恢复作用的临床研究
研究目的
本研究应用随机对照的方法,分析香槟方对妇科腹部术后胃肠功能恢复的作用。
研究方法与结果
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料本研究共收集病人120例,按照随机分配至治疗组及安慰剂组,治疗组82例,安慰剂38例。患者中年龄最小为20岁,最大为69岁,平均为35.3±9.80岁。两组患者在年龄、手术时间、术中出血量、手术方式、麻醉方式等方面,差异无统计学意义。(见表6及表7)
表6两组患者基线情况
注:“*”表示使用fisher精确概率法。
表7两组患者手术情况
1.2方法两组患者术后均接受常规处理(包括:能量补充、纠正水电解质紊乱、抗生素预防感染)。
1.2.1香槟方治疗组(按照本发明实施例1的方法进行制备):在常规处理的基础上,加服香槟方颗粒。术后第一天开始服用,温水冲服50mL,每日2次,至排便后停止服药。
1.2.2安慰剂组:在常规处理的基础上,加服中药安慰剂。术后第一天开始服用,温水冲服50mL,每日2次,至排便后停止服药。
1.3观察指标
1.3.1临床指标:术后患者肛门排气时间(h)、排便时间(h)。
1.3.2临床症状体征观察:记录术后1d腹胀及恶心程度。
1.4统计处理采用SPSS17.0统计软件包,建立数据库并进行数据的管理和维护。计量资料采用表示。两组间比较:计量资料符合正态分布、方差齐性,采用t检验,若非正态或方差不齐时采用秩和检验;计数资料采用χ2检验,两组比较理论频数小于5时采用确切概率法统计。检验水平α=0.05。
2结果
2.1两组排气及排便时间的比较
2.1.1两组术后首次排气排便时间的比较
比较两组患者术后首次排气及排便时间(表8-1),可发现治疗组术后首次排气时间(22.10±12.08h)短于安慰剂组(26.78±14.41h);治疗组术后首次排便时间短于安慰剂组。治疗组术后恶心呕吐发生情况明显少于对照组。由此可知:香槟方具有改善术后恶心呕吐的作用,能够促进胃肠功能的恢复。
表8-1两组术后首次排气及排便时间的比较(h)
表8-2两组术后腹胀及恶心呕吐情况的比较(N)
注:*表示两组比较P<0.05,下同。
2.1.2两组术后首次排气及排便时间的分层比较
不同手术方式、麻醉方式、手术时间情况下,比较两组患者术后首次排气时间(表9、表10、表11-1和表11-2)。可发现,对于腹腔镜下手术的患者,治疗组术后首次排气时间短于对照组;对于气管内插管全麻下手术的患者,治疗组术后首次排气时间短于对照组;对于手术时间≥2h的患者,治疗组术后首次排气时间短于对照组。其中腹腔镜术后、全麻术后患者首次排气时间均显著短于对照组(P<0.05)。
由此可知:香槟方能有效促进腹腔镜下、气管内插管全麻下、手术时间≥2h的妇科腹部术后患者肛门排气。
表9两组术后不同手术方式对首次排气、排便时间的影响(h)
表10两组术后不同麻醉方式对首次排气、排便时间的影响(h)
表11-1两组术后不同手术时间对首次排气时间的影响(h)
表11-2两组术后不同手术时间对首次排便时间的影响(h)
2.2安全性分析:本研究过程中两组病例均未出现不良反应与不良事件。
研究结论
比较两组患者术后首次排气及排便时间,可知,治疗组术后首次排气时间短于安慰剂组;治疗组术后首次排便时间短于安慰剂组;治疗组术后恶心呕吐发生情况明显少于对照组。由此可知:香槟方具有明显改善术后恶心呕吐的作用,能够促进胃肠功能的恢复。
在不同手术方式、麻醉方式、手术时间情况下,比较两组患者术后首次排气时间,可知,对于腹腔镜下手术,气管内插管全麻下手术,手术时间≥2h的患者,治疗组术后首次排气时间短于对照组。其中腹腔镜术后、全麻术后患者首次排气时间显著短于对照组(P<0.05)。
本研究显示香槟方对妇科腹部术后胃肠功能恢复具有有效性和安全性。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(1)处方
(2)制法
以上五味,取砂仁加8倍水,浸泡0.5h,蒸馏提取挥发油6h,收集挥发油,蒸馏后的水溶液另器存储;另取人参加6倍量70%乙醇提取2次,每次1h,滤过,合并滤液,回收乙醇至无醇味,并浓缩至相对密度为1.08~1.12(60℃),备用;药渣与上述砂仁药渣以及槟榔、桃仁、乌药加水煎煮3次,每次煎煮1小时,滤过,滤液与上述蒸馏后的水溶液合并,浓缩至相对密度为1.08~1.12(60℃),加入人参浓缩液,混匀,喷雾干燥,加入麦芽糊精适量,粉碎,混匀,干法制粒,干燥,加入砂仁挥发油,混匀,制成1000g颗粒剂,即得。
实施例2
(1)处方
(2)制法
以上五味,取砂仁加10倍量的水(w/v),浸泡1h,蒸馏提取挥发油4h,收集挥发油,蒸馏后的水溶液另器存储;另取人参加8倍量(w/v)90%乙醇提取1次,每次3h,滤过,合并滤液,回收乙醇至无醇味,并浓缩至相对密度为1.08~1.12(60℃),备用;药渣与上述砂仁药渣以及槟榔、桃仁、乌药加水煎煮2次,每次煎煮1小时,滤过,滤液与上述蒸馏后的水溶液合并,浓缩至相对密度为1.08~1.12(60℃),加入人参浓缩液,混匀,喷雾干燥,加入麦芽糊精适量,粉碎,混匀,干法制粒,干燥,加入砂仁挥发油,混匀,制成1000g颗粒剂,即得。
实施例3
(1)处方
(2)制法
以上五味,取砂仁加5倍量的水(w/v),浸泡2h,蒸馏提取挥发油8h,收集挥发油,蒸馏后的水溶液另器存储;另取人参加10倍量(w/v)60%乙醇提取3次,每次0.5h,滤过,合并滤液,回收乙醇至无醇味,并浓缩至相对密度为1.08~1.12(60℃),备用;药渣与上述砂仁药渣以及槟榔、桃仁、乌药加水煎煮4次,每次煎煮0.5小时,滤过,滤液与上述蒸馏后的水溶液合并,浓缩至相对密度为1.08~1.12(60℃),加入人参浓缩液,混匀,喷雾干燥,加入麦芽糊精适量,粉碎,混匀,干法制粒,干燥,加入砂仁挥发油,混匀,制成1000g,压片,即得片剂。
实施例4
(1)处方
(2)制法
以上五味,取砂仁加15倍量的水(w/v),浸泡0.5h,蒸馏提取挥发油7h,收集挥发油,蒸馏后的水溶液另器存储;另取人参加4倍量(w/v)80%乙醇提取2次,每次1h,滤过,合并滤液,回收乙醇至无醇味,并浓缩至相对密度为1.08~1.12(60℃),备用;药渣与上述砂仁药渣以及槟榔、桃仁、乌药加水煎煮3次,每次煎煮2小时,滤过,滤液与上述蒸馏后的水溶液合并,浓缩至相对密度为1.08~1.12(60℃),加入人参浓缩液,混匀,喷雾干燥,加入麦芽糊精适量,粉碎,混匀,干法制粒,干燥,加入砂仁挥发油,混匀,制成1000g,装入空胶囊,即得胶囊剂。
实施例5
(1)处方
(2)制法
取砂仁加10倍量重量体积比的水,浸泡1h,蒸馏提取挥发油4h,收集挥发油,蒸馏后的水溶液另器存储;另取人参加8倍量(w/v)的80%乙醇提取2次,每次1h,滤过,合并滤液,回收乙醇至无醇味,浓缩,备用;药渣与上述砂仁药渣以及槟榔、桃仁、乌药加水煎煮3次,每次煎煮1小时,滤过,滤液与上述蒸馏后的水溶液合并,浓缩,加入人参浓缩液,混匀,加入砂仁挥发油及适量辅料,制成口服液,即得。
实施例6
(1)处方
(2)制法
取砂仁加15倍量重量体积比的水,浸泡2h,蒸馏提取挥发油8h,收集挥发油,蒸馏后的水溶液另器存储;另取人参加4倍量(w/v)的60%乙醇提取3次,每次3h,滤过,合并滤液,回收乙醇至无醇味,浓缩,备用;药渣与上述砂仁药渣以及槟榔、桃仁、乌药加水煎煮2次,每次煎煮0.5小时,滤过,滤液与上述蒸馏后的水溶液合并,浓缩,加入人参浓缩液,混匀,加入砂仁挥发油及适量辅料,制成口服液,即得。
Claims (10)
1.一种中药组合物,其特征在于,该组合物的原料药材为8~12重量份的乌药、7~11重量份的砂仁、7~11重量份的人参、8~12重量份的桃仁及10~14重量份的槟榔。
2.如权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,该组合物的原料药材为10重量份的乌药、9重量份的砂仁、9重量份的人参、10重量份的桃仁及12重量份的槟榔。
3.如权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,该组合物根据需要还可含有药学上可接受的载体。
4.如权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,该组合物可制备成任一可药用的剂型。
5.如权利要求4所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,该组合物优选制成颗粒剂或口服液。
6.如权利要求1-5任一所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物是按照如下方法进行制备的:
取砂仁加5~15倍量重量体积比的水,浸泡0.5~2h,蒸馏提取挥发油4~8h,收集挥发油,蒸馏后的水溶液另器存储;另取人参加4~10倍量重量体积比的60~90%乙醇提取1~3次,每次0.5~3h,滤过,合并滤液,回收乙醇至无醇味,浓缩,备用;药渣与上述砂仁药渣以及槟榔、桃仁、乌药加水煎煮2~4次,每次煎煮0.5~2小时,滤过,滤液与上述蒸馏后的水溶液合并,浓缩,加入人参浓缩液,混匀,加入砂仁挥发油及适量辅料,再进一步制成各种制剂,即得。
7.如权利要求6所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物是按照如下方法进行制备的:
取砂仁加8倍量的水,浸泡0.5h,蒸馏提取挥发油6h,收集挥发油,蒸馏后的水溶液另器存储;另取人参加6倍量70%乙醇提取2次,每次1h,滤过,合并滤液,回收乙醇至无醇味,并浓缩至60℃时的相对密度为1.08~1.12,备用;药渣与上述砂仁药渣以及槟榔、桃仁、乌药加水煎煮3次,每次煎煮1小时,滤过,滤液与上述蒸馏后的水溶液合并,浓缩至60℃时的相对密度为1.08~1.12,加入人参浓缩液,混匀,加入砂仁挥发油及适量辅料,再进一步制成各种制剂,即得。
8.如权利要求1所述的中药组合物在制备促进腹部术后胃肠功能恢复的药物中的应用。
9.如权利要求1所述的中药组合物在制备治疗腹部术后中医辨证为脾胃气虚气滞证的药物中的应用。
10.如权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述腹部术后中医辨证为脾胃气虚气滞证是指腹部术后未有肛门排气或排便,纳差神疲,轻度腹胀。
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