CN104435819A - 治疗原发性血小板减少性紫癜的中药制剂 - Google Patents
治疗原发性血小板减少性紫癜的中药制剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
治疗原发性血小板减少性紫癜的中药制剂,选用的原料药材及重量组分分别是:生石膏30份、黄柏15份、五倍子15份、大枣50份、白茅根30份、藕节2份、黄芪45份、党参20份、白术15份、当归15份、熟地黄25份、阿胶10份、陈皮10份、山药30份。以上方所选用的原料药材药性效互补,规避了药物之间配伍的相恶、相畏、相杀之选,使药物相须、相使作用显著,具有凉血止血、解毒化瘀、滋阴补肾的功效,是治疗原发性血小板减少性紫癜的内服纯中草药组成制剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药领域,具体涉及一种治疗原发性血小板减少性紫癜的中药制剂。本发明所述治疗原发性血小板减少性紫癜的中药制剂,具有凉血止血、解毒化瘀、滋阴补肾的功效,用于治疗原发性血小板减少性紫癜疗效确切。
背景技术
原发性血小板减少性紫癜是一种免疫性综合病征,是常见的出血性疾病,又称为特发性血小板减少性紫癜,即自身免疫性血小板减少性紫癜,是最常见的出血性疾病之一。特点是血循环中存在抗血小板抗体,使血小板破坏过多,引起紫癜;而骨髓中巨核细胞正常或增多,幼稚化。其主要临床特点是:皮肤,黏膜自发性出血,血小板减少,骨髓巨核细胞数正常或增多,出血时间延长,血块收缩不良,束臂试验阳性。本病的特征是血小板寿命缩短,骨髓中巨核细胞增多伴成熟障碍,脾脏无明显肿大。本病分为急性型与慢性型两种类型。急性型:主要为皮肤、粘膜出血,往往较严重,皮肤出血呈大小不等的瘀点,分布不均,以四肢为多。粘膜出血有鼻衄、牙龈出血、口腔舌粘膜血泡。常有消化道、泌尿道出血,眼结合膜下出血,少数视网膜出血。脊髓或颅内出血常见,可引起下肢麻痹或颅内高压表现,可危及生命。慢性型:患者可有持续性出血或反复发作,有的表现为局部的出血倾向,如反复鼻衄或月经过多。瘀点及瘀 斑可发生在任何部位的皮肤与粘膜,但以四肢远端较多。可有消化道及泌尿道出血。外伤后也可出现深部血肿。颅内出血较少见,但在急性发作时仍可发生。脾脏在深吸气时偶可触及。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种治疗原发性血小板减少性紫癜的中药制剂。本发明所述治疗原发性血小板减少性紫癜的中药制剂,具有凉血止血、解毒化瘀、滋阴补肾的功效,用于治疗原发性血小板减少性紫癜疗效确切。
本发明采用的技术方案:所述治疗原发性血小板减少性紫癜的中药制剂,选用的原料药材及重量组分分别是:生石膏30份、黄柏15份、五倍子15份、大枣50份、白茅根30份、藕节2份、黄芪45份、党参20份、白术15份、当归15份、熟地黄25份、阿胶10份、陈皮10份、山药30份。
本发明选取的原料中药材中,其功效和药理作用分别是:生石膏:生石膏为二水硫酸钙(Ca〔SO4〕·2H2O),又称二水石膏、水石膏或软石膏,理论成分CaO32.6%,SO346.5%,H2O+20.9%,单斜晶系,晶体为板状,通常呈致密块状或纤维状,白色或灰、红、褐色,玻璃或丝绢光泽,摩氏硬度为2,解理平行{010}完全,密度2.3g/cm3;【主治】中风寒热,心下逆气惊喘,口干舌焦,不能息,腹中坚痛,除邪鬼,产褥金疮。除时气头痛身热,三焦大热,皮肤热,肠胃中结气,解肌发汗,止消渴烦逆,腹胀暴气,喘息咽热,亦可做浴汤。治伤寒头疼如裂。和葱煎茶,去头疼。治天行狂热,头风旋,下乳,揩齿益齿。除胃热 肺热,散阴邪,缓脾益气。止阳明经头疼,发热恶寒,日哺潮热,大渴引饮,中暑潮热,牙疼。
黄柏:性味归经:味苦,性寒。归肾、膀胱、大肠经。功能主治:清热。燥湿,泻火,解毒。治热痢,泄泻,消渴,黄疸,痿躄,梦遗,淋浊,痔疮,便血,赤白带下,骨蒸劳热,目赤肿痛,口舌生疮,疮疡肿毒。
五倍子:性味归经:味酸,涩,性寒。归肺、大肠、肾经。功效:敛肺;止汗;涩肠;固精;止血;解毒。主治:肺虚久咳;自汗盗汗;久痢久泻;脱肛;遗精;白浊;各种出血;痈肿疮疖。
大枣:味甘性温、归脾胃经,有补中益气、养血安神、缓和药性的功能;而现代的药理学则发现,红枣含有蛋白质、脂肪、醣类、有机酸、维生素A、维生素C、微量钙多种氨基酸等丰富的营养成份。枣能提高人体免疫力,并可抑制癌细胞:药理研究发现,红枣能促进白细胞的生成,降低血清胆固醇,提高血清白蛋白,保护肝脏,红枣中还含有抑制癌细胞,甚至可使癌细胞向正常细胞转化的物质。
白茅根:性味:味甘苦,性寒,无毒;主治:凉血止血,清热解毒。用于吐血,甲状腺功能亢进症,热淋,水肿,黄疸,小便不利,热病烦渴,胃热呕哕,咳嗽;脾胃虚寒,溲多不渴者忌服。
藕节:性平、味甘涩。归经:《本草撮要》:入手少阴,足阳明、厥阴经。药用可以缩短出血时间,有止血散淤之效,治咳血、吐血、甲状腺功能亢进症、便血、子宫出血等。
黄芪:具有1、表虚自汗,多用于体虚表弱所致的自汗。2、阴虚盗汗;3、急性肾炎水肿,用于阳气不足所致的虚性水肿;4、慢性肾炎水肿、脾肾虚者;5、阳气虚弱,用于疮疡久不溃破而内陷,有促进溃破及局限作用。6、疮疡久溃不愈,用于疮疡溃破后,久不收口,有生肌收口之作用;7、脾气虚证,虚弱倦怠,泄泻,中气下陷,脏器脱垂,食少纳呆诸症。8、肺气虚证。咳喘日久,气短神疲,痰雍于肺无力咯出。9、多汗而浮肿。10、用于气虚衰弱,倦怠乏力,或中气下陷、脱肛、子宫脱垂。性味:甘,微温。归经:归肺、脾、肝、肾经;有增强机体免疫功能、保肝、利尿、抗衰老、抗应激、降压和较广泛的抗菌作用。
党参:具有补中益气,健脾益肺的功效。用于脾肺虚弱,气短心悸,食少便溏,虚喘咳嗽,内热消渴等。性味归经:性平,味甘、微酸。归脾、肺经。化学成分:党参含三萜类化合物无羁萜(friedelin)、蒲公英萜醇乙酸酯、α-菠甾醇及其葡萄糖甙、Δ7-豆甾烯醇及其葡萄糖甙、菠甾酮(spinesterone)。另含苍术内酯III(atractylenolide III),苍术内酯II(atractylenolide II),丁香醛(syringaldehyde),丁香甙(syringin),香草酸(vanillic acid),5-羟基-2-吡啶甲醇(5-hydroxy-2-pyridinemethanol)、α-呋喃羧酸(α-furancarboxylic acid)、正己基-葡萄糖甙(n-hexyl-β-D-glucopyranoside)、乙基-α-D-呋喃果糖甙(ethyl-α-D-fructofuranoside),以及烟酸、4种杂多糖及单糖等。尚含党参甙I、党参内酯和党参酸。现代研究,党参含多种糖类、酚类、甾醇、挥发油、 黄芩素葡萄糖甙、皂甙及微量生物碱,具有增强免疫力、扩张血管、降压、改善微循环、增强造血功能等作用。此外对化疗放疗引起的白细胞下降有提升作用。
白术:【性味归经】苦、甘,温。归脾、胃经。功效:健脾益气,燥湿利水,止汗,安胎。用于脾虚食少,腹胀泄泻,痰饮眩悸,水肿,自汗,胎动不安。
当归:【化学成分】含基本内酯、正丁烯酰内酯、阿魏酸、烟酸、蔗糖和多种氨基酸,以及倍半萜类化合物等。【性味归经】性温,昧甘、辛。归肝、心、脾经。【功能主治】补血活血,调经止痛,润肠通便。用于血虚萎黄、眩晕心悸、月经不调、经闭痛经、虚寒腹痛、肠燥便秘、风湿痹痛、跌扑损伤、痈疽疮疡。
熟地黄:味甘性微温,归肝、肾经,有养血滋阴,补精益髓的功效,适用于血虚证,妇女月经不调,肝肾阴虚证,消渴证,精血亏虚证等。熟地为滋补肝肾的重要药物,不仅能够养血滋阴,而且能够生精填髓。熟地黄具有抑制脂质过氧化,提高抗氧化酶活性等作用,并能降血压、降血脂、抑制血栓形成、改善心肌缺血等。
阿胶:补血滋阴,润燥,止血。用于血虚萎黄,眩晕心悸,心烦不眠,肺燥咳嗽。
陈皮:陈皮含橙皮甙约8.4%,川陈皮素(nobiletin)约0.15%,另含辛弗林(对羟福林)0.28%-2.54%。【性味】苦、辛,温。【归经】归肺、脾经。【主治功效】:理气健脾,调中,燥湿,化痰。主治脾胃气滞之脘腹胀满 或疼痛、消化不良。湿浊阻中之胸闷腹胀、纳呆便溏。痰湿壅肺之咳嗽气喘。用于胸脘胀满,食少吐泻,咳嗽痰多。
山药:有滋养强壮,助消化,敛虚汗,止泻之功效,主治脾虚腹泻、肺虚咳嗽、糖尿病消渴、小便短频、道精、妇女带下及消化不良的慢性肠炎。性味:甘、平、无毒。归经:归脾、肺、肾经。功用:补脾养胃,生津益肺,补肾涩精。用于脾虚食少,久泻不止,肺虚喘咳,肾虚遗精,带下,尿频,虚热消渴。麸炒山药补脾健胃。用于脾虚食少,泄泻便溏,白带过多。
以上方所选用的原料药材药性效互补,规避了药物之间配伍的相恶、相畏、相杀之选,使药物相须、相使作用显著,具有凉血止血、解毒化瘀、滋阴补肾的功效,是治疗原发性血小板减少性紫癜的内服纯中草药组成制剂。临床应用时具有良好的确切效果。
原发性血小板减少性紫癜的治疗目前探讨不一,近年来我根据数十年的”临床经验,结合独到的用药体会,应用现代药物制备工艺研制出治疗原发性血小板减少性紫癜的内服纯中药制剂,具有确切疗效。由于其应用效果良好,且不易由现有技术的化合物预见到,西医疗效亦不如中草药疗效,故将有效治愈原发性血小板减少性紫癜的内服纯中草药组成制剂开发出来,能应用于临床,为更多的患者解除痛苦。
本发明药物可以采用中药制剂的常规方法制备成任何常规内服制剂。例如可以将这些原料药研成粉末混合均匀散剂冲服;可以将这些原料药一起水煎,然后浓缩煎液服用,或者把浓缩煎液浓缩成膏加工成丸剂服用;为了使该药物 的各原料更好地发挥药效,针对某原料药进行特殊提取,如乙醇提取,这些不能用于限制本发明的保护范围。
本发明所述药物具有凉血止血、解毒化瘀、滋阴补肾的功效,用于治疗原发性血小板减少性紫癜。本发明人经过反复研究,并通过临床试验的反复验证,终于找到了有更好疗效的内服药物,从而完成了本发明。
临床药效试验材料及典型病例:
1.程XX,女,33岁。初诊日期2008年10月28日。
现病史:患者因患慢性浅表性胃炎剂十二指肠球部炎症10余年,经常胃脘部疼痛,少食便溏,神疲体倦,头晕心悸,失眠多梦。于2008年8月开始,发现牙龈出血,以晨起刷牙时为重。于9月30日下午双下肢自发性出现紫斑,密集分布,但无痛痒及发热。10月5日晚,发现右大腿出现数片大小不等之青紫斑。此后出血紫斑反复出现。月经量多,色淡,持续10余天方止。经诊断为原发性血小板减少性紫癜,此为脾不统血,心肝失养所致,宜补脾摄血,佐以养血之法主之。服本方25剂后,自觉症状消失,鼻、牙龈、皮肤出血已止,陈旧性出血紫斑已吸收,食欲增加,大便正常,面色好转,口唇舌较红润,脉见有力。继续服用本方20剂后,出血现象已止,舌脉正常痊愈出院。
方法和有效量:生石膏30份、黄柏15份、五倍子15份、大枣50份、白茅根30份、藕节2份、黄芪45份、党参20份、白术15份、当归15份、熟地黄25份、阿胶10份、陈皮10份、山药30份。取处方规定量中药材饮片,置适宜煎煮器中,加入清水适量,浸泡适宜时间,加热至沸,保持微沸状态一定 时间(约25~30分钟),分离煎出液,药渣再加水适量煎煮,按规定煎煮2~3次后,合并煎出液,过滤或沉降分离煎出液供使用。
汤剂内服为主,每日早晚2次内服,每次150ml温服。汤剂则作用快而力峻,适应于病情较急重者。如病情较轻或缓者,宜为丸剂内服求其功。
具体实施方式
所述治疗原发性血小板减少性紫癜的中药制剂,选用的原料药材及重量组分分别是:生石膏30份、黄柏15份、五倍子15份、大枣50份、白茅根30份、藕节2份、黄芪45份、党参20份、白术15份、当归15份、熟地黄25份、阿胶10份、陈皮10份、山药30份。
本发明所述治疗原发性血小板减少性紫癜的中药制剂可以采用中药制剂的常规方法制备成任何常规内服制剂。取处方规定量中药材饮片,置适宜煎煮器中,加入清水适量,浸泡适宜时间,加热至沸,保持微沸状态一定时间(约25~30分钟),分离煎出液,药渣再加水适量煎煮,按规定煎煮2~3次后,合并煎出液,过滤或沉降分离煎出液供使用。
Claims (1)
1.一种治疗原发性血小板减少性紫癜的中药制剂,其特征在于,选用的原料药材及重量组分分别是:生石膏30份、黄柏15份、五倍子15份、大枣50份、白茅根30份、藕节2份、黄芪45份、党参20份、白术15份、当归15份、熟地黄25份、阿胶10份、陈皮10份、山药30份;
其制备方法:取处方规定量中药材饮片,置适宜煎煮器中,加入清水适量,浸泡适宜时间,加热至沸,保持微沸状态一定时间(约25~30分钟),分离煎出液,药渣再加水适量煎煮,按规定煎煮2~3次后,合并煎出液,过滤或沉降分离煎出液供使用。
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