CN104435227A - 治疗气管炎合并哮喘的注射液及制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗气管炎合并哮喘的注射液,由下列原料药制备而成,均为重量份:板蓝根0.8-1.6,生石膏0.3-0.5,钩藤0.6-1.5,墨旱莲0.6-1.0,漏芦0.8-1.2。本发明的优良效果还表现在:本发明提供的注射液组方科学,制备方法简单,所得产品使用方便、药物作用迅速,治疗周期短、治疗效果显著;所选材料皆为传统中药材料,无任何毒副作用;药源易得,药材成本低廉,能够减轻患者负担。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中医中药领域,特别是涉及一种治疗气管炎合并哮喘的注射液及其制备方法。
背景技术
气管炎是由于感染或非感染因素引起的气管、支气管黏膜炎性变化,黏液分泌增多,因缺乏负离子而使气管黏膜上皮绒毛内呼吸酶的活性降低,影响肺泡的分泌功能及肺的通气和换气功能。临床上以长期咳嗽、咳痰或伴有喘息为主要特征。本病早期症状较轻,多在冬季发作,春暖后缓解,且病程缓慢,故不为人们注意。晚期病变进展,并发阻塞性肺气肿时,肺功能遭受损害,影响健康及劳动力极大。本病为我国常见多发病之一,发病年龄多在40岁以上,吸烟患者明显高于不吸烟患者,在我国患病率北方高于南方,农村较城市发病率稍高。哮喘是由多种细胞(如嗜酸性粒细胞、肥大细胞、T淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞、气道上皮细胞等)和细胞组分参与气道慢性炎症性疾患。这种慢性炎症导致气道高反应性的产生,通常出现广泛多变的可逆性气流受限,并引起反复发作的喘息、气急、胸闷或咳嗽等症状,常在夜间和(或)凌晨发作、多数患者可自行缓解或经治疗缓解。
中医认为,气管炎、哮喘以咳、痰、喘为主要临床症状,属于中医学“咳嗽”“痰饮”“咳喘”等疾病范围,凡外邪侵袭首先犯肺,肺失宣降则气机上逆而致咳嗽、喘促。脾肾阳虚是本病的主要病理基础,因此,“健脾补肾,温里散寒”是治本的关键所在。
公开号 CN 1618450 A(申请号200310116704.7)的中国发明专利文献公开了一种治疗慢性支气管炎、支气管哮喘的药物,它是由下述重量百分比的原料制成:黄芪18.5%-40%,党参10%-13.5%,石膏17%-23%,干姜5%-7%,麦冬5%-7%,麻黄5%-7%,贝母3%-4.8%,五味子3%-4.8%,细辛3%-4.8%,白叩3%-4.8%,甘草3%-4.8%。公开号CN 102166296 A(申请号201110096884.1)的中国发明专利文献公开了一种治疗支气管炎和哮喘的药物,按质量百分比含:暴马子花25-30%、脱水后的鸡胆汁20-25%、贝母10-15%、麻黄10-15%、蛤蚧10-15%、旋复花5-10%、百合8-12%,各组分之和为100%。公开号CN 103623208 A(申请号201210310881.8)的中国发明专利文献公开了一种治疗慢性支气管炎、哮喘的药,其特征在于它的配方是百喘朋、扑热息痛、麦冬、甘草和枸杞,其重量比为百喘朋180-220:扑热息痛1-5:麦冬30-50:甘草40-60:枸杞30-50。
目前,中西医在治疗本病方面取得了较好的疗效,但还存在一些问题:中药虽然能达到最个性化的治疗和康复,但是治疗效果缓慢、效果不明显,西药以治标为主,可以暂时缓解病痛,不能达到标本兼治的作用。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的是提供一种作用效果迅速、安全无副作用的治疗气管炎合并哮喘的注射液及其制备方法。
本发明的技术方案是:
治疗气管炎合并哮喘的注射液,由下列原料药制备而成,均为重量份:板蓝根0.8-1.6,生石膏0.3-0.5,钩藤0.6-1.5,墨旱莲0.6-1.0,漏芦0.8-1.2。
优选的方案中,板蓝根1.0-1.4,生石膏0.35-0.45,钩藤0.8-1.3,墨旱莲0.7-0.9,漏芦0.9-1.1(优选的:板蓝根1.2,生石膏0.4,钩藤1.1,墨旱莲0.8,漏芦1.0)。
上述治疗气管炎合并哮喘的注射液的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将生石膏捣碎,过120-180目筛,得细粉,置于通透袋中与板蓝根、钩藤、墨旱莲和漏芦一同置于提取罐中,加入原料药重量7-9 倍的纯化水(优选加入原料药重量8倍的纯化水),加热至沸,煎煮3.5-4.5小时,将药液滤出,得第一次滤液;然后加入原料药重量4-6倍的纯化水(优选加入原料药重量5倍的纯化水),煎煮2.5-3小时,过滤,得第二次滤液;最后加入原料药重量2-4倍的纯化水(优选加入原料药重量3倍的纯化水),煎煮0.5-1.5小时,过滤,得第三次滤液;
(2)合并三次滤液,放冷,沉淀,用布过滤,滤液用中药蒸发器浓缩至滤液体积的1/2,得浓缩液;
(3)将步骤(2)所得浓缩液加入0.8-1.6倍重量的乙醇(优选加入1.2倍重量的乙醇),进行醇沉24-48小时,然后将乙醇分离,得第一次流浸膏;将第一流浸膏加入0.6-1.0倍重量的乙醇(优选加入0.8倍重量的乙醇)进行醇沉12-24小时,然后分离乙醇,得第二次流浸膏,备用;
(4)将步骤(3)所得备用的流浸膏加纯化水至1:1浓度,加0.5%的药用炭于65-85℃加热(优选于75℃加热)搅拌15-35分钟,放冷,用滤纸过滤,滤液用氢氧化钠调节pH 值至6.0-7.0;
(5)以上药液加入15%的葡萄糖溶液使含原生药25%,药液用滤纸过滤两次,再用3号垂熔玻璃漏斗过滤一次,按1.5-3毫升的剂量分装成瓶,然后进行高温灭菌,即得注射液。
上述治疗气管炎合并哮喘的注射液的制备方法,优选的方案是,步骤(1)中过140-160目筛(优选的过150目筛)。
上述治疗气管炎合并哮喘的注射液的制备方法,优选的方案是,步骤(3)中所加入质量浓度为75%-95%的乙醇(优选的加入质量浓度为80%-90%的乙醇,更加优选的加入质量浓度为85%的乙醇)。
上述治疗气管炎合并哮喘的注射液的制备方法,优选的方案是,步骤(3)中第一次醇沉30-40小时(优选第一次醇沉35小时)。
上述治疗气管炎合并哮喘的注射液的制备方法,优选的方案是,步骤(3)中第二次醇沉16-20小时(优选第一次醇沉18小时)。
上述治疗气管炎合并哮喘的注射液的制备方法,优选的方案是,步骤(4)中用氢氧化钠调节pH 值至6.3-6.7(优选用氢氧化钠调节pH 值至6.5)。
上述治疗气管炎合并哮喘的注射液的制备方法,优选的方案是,步骤(5)中高温灭菌温度为100-120℃(优选高温灭菌温度为105-115℃,更加优选的高温灭菌温度为110℃)。
上述治疗气管炎合并哮喘的注射液的制备方法,优选的方案是,步骤(5)中高温灭菌时间为30-50分钟(优选的高温灭菌时间为35-45分钟,更加优选的高温灭菌时间为40分钟)。
本发明所用主要中药原料的药理如下:
板蓝根:基原:为十字花科植物菘篮和草大青的根;或爵床科植物马蓝的根茎及根。化学成份:菘蓝的根部含靛甙、β-谷甾醇、靛红、板蓝根结晶乙、板蓝根结晶丙、板蓝根结晶丁。又含植物性蛋白、树脂状物、糖类等。根中氨基酸有精氨酸、脯氨酸、谷氨酸、酪氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、缬氨酸和亮氨酸。又含芥子甙。还含有抗革兰氏阳性和阴性细菌的抑菌物质及动力精。药理作用:①抗菌抗病毒作用;②抗钩端螺旋体作用,③解毒作用;性味:苦,寒。归经:《本草便读》:“入肝、胃血分。”功能主治:清热,解毒,凉血。治流感,流脑,乙脑,肺炎,丹毒,热毒发斑,神昏吐衄,咽肿,痄腮,火眼,疮疹,舌绛紫暗,喉痹,烂喉丹痧,大头瘟疫,痈肿;可防治流行性乙型脑炎、急慢性肝炎、流行性腮腺炎、骨髓炎。
生石膏:基原:为硫酸盐类矿物石膏的矿石。性味:辛,甘,微寒。归经: 归肺、胃经。功效:清热泻火,除烦止渴,收敛生肌。主治:中风寒热,心下逆气惊喘,口干舌焦,胃热肺热,缓脾益气。
钩藤:基原:为茜草科植物钩藤或华钩藤及其同属多种植物的带钩枝条。化学成份:带钩茎枝叶含钩藤碱、异钩藤碱、柯诺辛因碱、异柯诺辛因碱、柯楠因碱、二氢柯楠因碱、硬毛帽柱木碱、硬毛帽柱木因碱。性味:甘,凉。归经:入肝、心经。药理作用:①镇静作用;②降压作用。功能主治:清热平肝,熄风定惊。治小儿惊痫瘈疭,大人血压偏高,头晕、目眩,妇人子痫。
墨旱莲:基原:为菊科植物鳢肠的全草。性状:干燥全草全体被白色茸毛。茎圆柱形,长约30厘米,直径约3毫米:绿褐色或带紫红色,有纵棱。叶片卷曲,皱缩或破碎,绿褐色。茎顶带有头状花序,多已结实,果实很多,呈黑色颗粒状。浸水后搓其茎叶,则呈黑色。化学成份:全草含皂甙1.32%,烟碱约0.08%,鞣质,维生素A,鳢肠素,多种噻吩化合物如α-三联噻吩基甲醇及其乙酸酯,2-(丁二炔基)-5-(乙烯乙炔基)噻吩,2-(丁-二炔基)-5-(4-氯-3-羟丁炔-1-基)噻吩,2-(4-氯-3-羟丁炔-1-基)-5-(戊二炔-1,3-基)噻吩,乙酸(丁烯-3-炔-1-基)二联噻吩基甲醇酯等。叶含蟚蜞菊内酯、去甲基蟚蜞菊内酯、去甲基蟚蜞菊内酯-7-葡萄糖甙。性味:甘酸,凉。归经:入肝、肾经。功能主治:凉血,止血,补肾,益阴。治吐血,咳血,衄血,尿血,便血,血痢,刀伤出血,须发早白,白喉,淋浊,带下,阴部湿痒。
漏芦:基原:为菊科植物祁州漏芦或禹州漏芦的根。化学成份:祁州漏芦根含挥发油。性味:苦咸,寒。归经:入胃、大肠经。功能主治:清热解毒,消肿排脓,下乳,通筋脉。治痈疽发背,乳房肿痛。乳汁不通,瘰疬恶疮,湿痹筋脉拘牵,骨节疼痛,热毒血痢,痔疮出血。
本发明提供的注射液组方科学,制备方法简单,所得产品使用方便、药物作用迅速,治疗周期短、治疗效果显著。除此之外,本发明的优良效果还表现在:
1、本发明运用中医理论分析处方组成,根据各药味所含成分的理化性质与药理作用的研究结果,研究得到了合理、稳定的活性成分的制备方法。
2、所选材料皆为传统中药材料,无任何毒副作用;
3、药源易得,药材成本低廉,能够减轻患者负担。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和实验例详细说明本发明的技术方案,但保护范围不限于此。
实施例1 治疗气管炎合并哮喘的注射液,由下列原料药制备而成,均为重量份(30g/份):板蓝根0.8份,生石膏0.3份,钩藤0.6份,墨旱莲0.6份,漏芦0.8份。
上述治疗气管炎合并哮喘的注射液的制备方法是:
(1)将生石膏捣碎,过120目筛,得细粉,置于通透袋中与板蓝根、钩藤、墨旱莲和漏芦一同置于提取罐中,加入原料药重量7倍的纯化水,加热至沸,煎煮3.5-4.5小时,将药液滤出,得第一次滤液;然后加入原料药重量4倍的纯化水,煎煮2.5-3小时,过滤,得第二次滤液;最后加入原料药重量2倍的纯化水,煎煮0.5-1.5小时,过滤,得第三次滤液;
(2)合并三次滤液,放冷,沉淀,用布过滤,滤液用中药蒸发器浓缩至滤液体积的1/2,得浓缩液;
(3)将步骤(2)所得浓缩液加入0.8倍重量的质量浓度为75%的乙醇,进行醇沉24小时,然后将乙醇分离,得第一次流浸膏;将第一流浸膏加入0.6倍重量的质量浓度为75%的乙醇进行醇沉12小时,然后分离乙醇,得第二次流浸膏,备用;
(4)将步骤(3)所得备用的流浸膏加纯化水至1:1浓度,加0.5%的药用炭于65℃加热搅拌15-35分钟,放冷,用滤纸过滤,滤液用氢氧化钠调节pH 值至6.0;
(5)以上药液加入15%的葡萄糖溶液使含原生药25%,药液用滤纸过滤两次,再用3号垂熔玻璃漏斗过滤一次,按1.5-3毫升的剂量分装成瓶,然后在100℃进行高温灭菌30分钟,即得注射液。
本发明注射液的使用方法是:在患者的胸及背部的穴位上或肌肉注射,15-25分钟后即可获得疗效,每天一针,五针为一个疗程。
实施例2 治疗气管炎合并哮喘的注射液,由下列原料药制备而成,均为重量份(15g/份):板蓝根1.6份,生石膏0.5份,钩藤1.5份,墨旱莲1.0份,漏芦1.2份。
上述治疗气管炎合并哮喘的注射液的制备方法是:
(1)将生石膏捣碎,过180目筛,得细粉,置于通透袋中与板蓝根、钩藤、墨旱莲和漏芦一同置于提取罐中,加入原料药重量9 倍的纯化水,加热至沸,煎煮3.5-4.5小时,将药液滤出,得第一次滤液;然后加入原料药重量6倍的纯化水,煎煮2.5-3小时,过滤,得第二次滤液;最后加入原料药重量4倍的纯化水,煎煮0.5-1.5小时,过滤,得第三次滤液;
(2)合并三次滤液,放冷,沉淀,用布过滤,滤液用中药蒸发器浓缩至滤液体积的1/2,得浓缩液;
(3)将步骤(2)所得浓缩液加入1.6倍重量的质量浓度为95%的乙醇,进行醇沉48小时,然后将乙醇分离,得第一次流浸膏;将第一流浸膏加入1.0倍重量的质量浓度为95%的乙醇进行醇沉24小时,然后分离乙醇,得第二次流浸膏,备用;
(4)将步骤(3)所得备用的流浸膏加纯化水至1:1浓度,加0.5%的药用炭于85℃加热搅拌15-35分钟,放冷,用滤纸过滤,滤液用氢氧化钠调节pH 值至7.0;
(5)以上药液加入15%的葡萄糖溶液使含原生药25%,药液用滤纸过滤两次,再用3号垂熔玻璃漏斗过滤一次,按1.5-3毫升的剂量分装成瓶,然后在120℃进行高温灭菌50分钟,即得注射液。
本发明注射液的使用方法是:在患者的胸及背部的穴位上或肌肉注射,15-25分钟后即可获得疗效,每天一针,五针为一个疗程。
典型病例:xxx,男,60岁,有哮喘及气管炎12年,反复发作5年,胸闷、喘息、咳嗽常年不断。最近又有急性呼吸道感染使症状加剧,经二周抗生素治疗后黄痰已减少,但痰粘绸,难以咳出,便溏2-3次/日,舌红绛无苔,脉滑数。2012年10月底感冒,咳嗽,咳痰,为白色泡沫痰,服药后不见明显好转。后来气管吸气时痒,呼气时不痒,做X线检查,双下肺纹理增多,紊乱。后来吃抗生素,咳嗽停止,但是痰量增多,气管发痒,有时有吼的情况。最近气管里有一股空气,感觉气管壁胀痛,有东西在顶样,吸气时更多,排不尽,要呼长气才舒服。甚至张口呼吸才爽。胸口发闷,咳嗽黄痰,喘息。在朋友介绍下,来我处治疗。
使用本实施例所得治疗气管炎合并哮喘的注射液,采用肌肉注射,治疗两个疗程后,患者胸口发闷、咳嗽黄痰、喘息风症状明显减轻,继续治疗一个疗程,患者能呼吸轻松,X线检查,双下肺纹理趋于正常,其他不适症状部分消失或减轻,又治疗五天后患者自感痊愈,随访至今,无复发。
实施例3 治疗气管炎合并哮喘的注射液,由下列原料药制备而成,均为重量份(25g/份):板蓝根1.0份,生石膏0.35份,钩藤0.8份,墨旱莲0.7份,漏芦0.9份。
治疗气管炎合并哮喘的注射液的制备方法是:
(1)将生石膏捣碎,过140目筛,得细粉,置于通透袋中与板蓝根、钩藤、墨旱莲和漏芦一同置于提取罐中,加入原料药重量7 倍的纯化水,加热至沸,煎煮3.5-4.5小时,将药液滤出,得第一次滤液;然后加入原料药重量4倍的纯化水,煎煮2.5-3小时,过滤,得第二次滤液;最后加入原料药重量2倍的纯化水,煎煮0.5-1.5小时,过滤,得第三次滤液;
(2)合并三次滤液,放冷,沉淀,用布过滤,滤液用中药蒸发器浓缩至滤液体积的1/2,得浓缩液;
(3)将步骤(2)所得浓缩液加入1.2倍重量的质量浓度为80%的乙醇,进行醇沉30小时,然后将乙醇分离,得第一次流浸膏;将第一流浸膏加入0.8倍重量的质量浓度为80%的乙醇进行醇沉16小时,然后分离乙醇,得第二次流浸膏,备用;
(4)将步骤(3)所得备用的流浸膏加纯化水至1:1浓度,加0.5%的药用炭于75℃加热搅拌15-35分钟,放冷,用滤纸过滤,滤液用氢氧化钠调节pH 值至6.3;
(5)以上药液加入15%的葡萄糖溶液使含原生药25%,药液用滤纸过滤两次,再用3号垂熔玻璃漏斗过滤一次,按1.5-3毫升的剂量分装成瓶,然后在105℃进行高温灭菌35分钟,即得注射液。
本发明注射液的使用方法是:在患者的胸及背部的穴位上或肌肉注射,15-25分钟后即可获得疗效,每天一针,五针为一个疗程。
实施例4 治疗气管炎合并哮喘的注射液,由下列原料药制备而成,均为重量份(20g/份):板蓝根1.4份,生石膏0.45份,钩藤1.3份,墨旱莲0.9份,漏芦1.1份。
治疗气管炎合并哮喘的注射液的制备方法是:
(1)将生石膏捣碎,过160目筛,得细粉,置于通透袋中与板蓝根、钩藤、墨旱莲和漏芦一同置于提取罐中,加入原料药重量9倍的纯化水,加热至沸,煎煮3.5-4.5小时,将药液滤出,得第一次滤液;然后加入原料药重量6倍的纯化水,煎煮2.5-3小时,过滤,得第二次滤液;最后加入原料药重量4倍的纯化水,煎煮0.5-1.5小时,过滤,得第三次滤液;
(2)合并三次滤液,放冷,沉淀,用布过滤,滤液用中药蒸发器浓缩至滤液体积的1/2,得浓缩液;
(3)将步骤(2)所得浓缩液加入1.6倍重量的质量浓度为90%的乙醇,进行醇沉40小时,然后将乙醇分离,得第一次流浸膏;将第一流浸膏加入1.0倍重量的质量浓度为90%的乙醇进行醇沉20小时,然后分离乙醇,得第二次流浸膏,备用;
(4)将步骤(3)所得备用的流浸膏加纯化水至1:1浓度,加0.5%的药用炭于85℃加热搅拌15-35分钟,放冷,用滤纸过滤,滤液用氢氧化钠调节pH 值至6.7;
(5)以上药液加入15%的葡萄糖溶液使含原生药25%,药液用滤纸过滤两次,再用3号垂熔玻璃漏斗过滤一次,按1.5-3毫升的剂量分装成瓶,然后在115℃进行高温灭菌45分钟,即得注射液。
本发明注射液的使用方法是:在患者的胸及背部的穴位上或肌肉注射,15-25分钟后即可获得疗效,每天一针,五针为一个疗程。
典型病例:于xx,女,63岁,天津人。2011年10月因胸闷、喘息、咳嗽等不适,去当地医院检查。病史:平常出门吹到冷风,起床的时候就咳嗽,喉咙部位有少量口痰,吐不出咽不下。检查及化验:胸部检查照片结果是双肺纹理增多,紊乱,肺内无确切实质性病灶,心影各房室在正常范围,双膈未见明显异常。诊断为气管炎合并哮喘。治疗情况:秋冬季节都吃中药,没有很好的效果。后服用北京医科大学支气管哮喘病治疗中心的养肺丸,补肺活血胶囊,虫草拔喘,服用三个疗程时见效,停药后复发。经亲戚介绍来我处治疗。
使用本实施例所得治疗气管炎合并哮喘的注射液,治疗两个疗程后,患者咳嗽、咳痰症状消失,胸闷、喘息明显减轻。继续治疗两个疗程,胸闷、喘息消失,胸部检查照片结果是双肺纹理正常,患者痊愈,半年后回访,无复发,患者无任何不适反应。
实施例5 治疗气管炎合并哮喘的注射液,由下列原料药制备而成,均为重量份(20g/份):板蓝根1.2份,生石膏0.4份,钩藤1.1份,墨旱莲0.8份,漏芦1.0份。
治疗气管炎合并哮喘的注射液的制备方法是:
(1)将生石膏捣碎,过150目筛,得细粉,置于通透袋中与板蓝根、钩藤、墨旱莲和漏芦一同置于提取罐中,加入原料药重量8 倍的纯化水,加热至沸,煎煮3.5-4.5小时,将药液滤出,得第一次滤液;然后加入原料药重量5倍的纯化水,煎煮2.5-3小时,过滤,得第二次滤液;最后加入原料药重量3倍的纯化水,煎煮0.5-1.5小时,过滤,得第三次滤液;
(2)合并三次滤液,放冷,沉淀,用布过滤,滤液用中药蒸发器浓缩至滤液体积的1/2,得浓缩液;
(3)将步骤(2)所得浓缩液加入1.2倍重量的质量浓度为85%的乙醇,进行醇沉35小时,然后将乙醇分离,得第一次流浸膏;将第一流浸膏加入0.8倍重量的质量浓度为85%的乙醇进行醇沉18小时,然后分离乙醇,得第二次流浸膏,备用;
(4)将步骤(3)所得备用的流浸膏加纯化水至1:1浓度,加0.5%的药用炭于75℃加热搅拌15-35分钟,放冷,用滤纸过滤,滤液用氢氧化钠调节pH 值至6.5;
(5)以上药液加入15%的葡萄糖溶液使含原生药25%,药液用滤纸过滤两次,再用3号垂熔玻璃漏斗过滤一次,按1.5-3毫升的剂量分装成瓶,然后在110℃进行高温灭菌40分钟,即得注射液。
本发明注射液的使用方法是:在患者的胸及背部的穴位上或肌肉注射,15-25分钟后即可获得疗效,每天一针,五针为一个疗程。
试验例1 实施例5所得治疗气管炎合并哮喘的注射液的临床应用:
1、 资料和方法
1.1 一般资料
2010年2月-2013年6月在5所医院选择气管炎合并哮喘患者258例,其中,男性143例,女性115例,年龄范围为50岁-73岁,平均年龄为(58.5±6.2)岁,病程2-8年,平均病程(4.5±2.5)年。
1.2 选取标准
临床诊断确诊为气管炎合并哮喘,确诊方法:气管炎发病的主要原因是收到病毒或者细菌的感染,因此,对该类患者的检查主要是痰液检查(痰液外观多呈脓性,病理学图片检查可见大量中性粒细胞,合并哮喘者可见较多的嗜酸性粒细胞,痰培养可见肺炎链球菌流感嗜血杆菌等病菌的生长现象)。
患者均知情且同意参与本试验。排除标准:同时合并其他严重的内科疾病,排除内脏器官严重衰竭现象患者。
1.3 治疗方法
所有患者随机分为两组,实验组和对照组,实验组使用实施例5所得产品,使用方法是:在患者的胸及背部的穴位上或肌肉注射,15-25分钟后即可获得疗效,每天一针,五针为一个疗程。对照组服用其它药品(如布洛芬、连花清瘟胶囊、康泰克等常规药品)。共治疗三个疗程。两组临床资料经统计学检验,结果无统计学差异(P>0.05),说明两组患者的疗效具有可比性。
1.4疗效评定标准
治愈:胸闷、喘息、咳痰等临床表现消失,呼吸平稳,X光片显示肺纹理清晰;显效:胸闷、喘息、咳痰等临床表现部分消失或减轻,呼吸顺畅,X光片显示肺纹理清晰;有效:胸闷、喘息、咳痰等临床表现缓解,临床表现不同程度好转,X光片显示肺纹理略粗;无效:用药后无明显改善或症状如治疗前。
1.5 治疗结果
结果如表1所示。
表1:服用实施例5产品50-73岁外感发烧患者治疗结果
治疗效果:治愈103例(65.2%), 显效42例(26.6%),有效10例(6.3%),无效3例(1.9%),总有效率98.1%。效果明显优于对照组。
服用期间自感症状及其体力精神变化如表2所示。
表2:
本发明选择板蓝根、生石膏、钩藤、墨旱莲和漏芦5味中草药进行配伍,使得这些药物组合后产生协同作用,能够更有效地治疗气管炎合并哮喘。方中,板蓝根与漏芦合用增强清热,解毒,凉血之功效;生石膏具有清热泻火,除烦止渴,收敛生肌的功效;钩藤主治清热平肝,熄风定惊;墨旱莲凉血止血、补肾益阴。诸药并用在止咳平喘的同时起安神、调和补气等作用。治疗5天,54%以上的咳喘、咳痰消失,不适症状改善;治疗10天,72%以上的胸闷、喘息消失,治疗15天,97%以上的肺纹理清晰,部分患者自感痊愈。实验组中治疗三个疗程后,有效率可达98.1%,而对照组仅为89%。
应当指出的是,具体实施方式只是本发明比较有代表性的例子,显然本发明的技术方案不限于上述实施例,还可以有很多变形。本领域的普通技术人员,以本发明所明确公开的或根据文件的书面描述毫无异议的得到的,均应认为是本专利所要保护的范围。
Claims (10)
1.治疗气管炎合并哮喘的注射液,其特征在于,由下列原料药制备而成,均为重量份:板蓝根0.8-1.6,生石膏0.3-0.5,钩藤0.6-1.5,墨旱莲0.6-1.0,漏芦0.8-1.2。
2.如权利要求1所述的治疗气管炎合并哮喘的注射液,其特征在于,板蓝根1.0-1.4,生石膏0.35-0.45,钩藤0.8-1.3,墨旱莲0.7-0.9,漏芦0.9-1.1(优选的:板蓝根1.2,生石膏0.4,钩藤1.1,墨旱莲0.8,漏芦1.0)。
3.如权利要求1-2任一所述的治疗气管炎合并哮喘的注射液,其特征在于,所述注射液的制备方法是:
(1)将生石膏捣碎,过120-180目筛,得细粉,置于通透袋中与板蓝根、钩藤、墨旱莲和漏芦一同置于提取罐中,加入原料药重量7-9 倍的纯化水(优选加入原料药重量8倍的纯化水),加热至沸,煎煮3.5-4.5小时,将药液滤出,得第一次滤液;然后加入原料药重量4-6倍的纯化水(优选加入原料药重量5倍的纯化水),煎煮2.5-3小时,过滤,得第二次滤液;最后加入原料药重量2-4倍的纯化水(优选加入原料药重量3倍的纯化水),煎煮0.5-1.5小时,过滤,得第三次滤液;
(2)合并三次滤液,放冷,沉淀,用布过滤,滤液用中药蒸发器浓缩至滤液体积的1/2,得浓缩液;
(3)将步骤(2)所得浓缩液加入0.8-1.6倍重量的乙醇(优选加入1.2倍重量的乙醇),进行醇沉24-48小时,然后将乙醇分离,得第一次流浸膏;将第一流浸膏加入0.6-1.0倍重量的乙醇(优选加入0.8倍重量的乙醇)进行醇沉12-24小时,然后分离乙醇,得第二次流浸膏,备用;
(4)将步骤(3)所得备用的流浸膏加纯化水至1:1浓度,加0.5%的药用炭于65-85℃加热(优选于75℃加热)搅拌15-35分钟,放冷,用滤纸过滤,滤液用氢氧化钠调节pH 值至6.0-7.0;
(5)以上药液加入15%的葡萄糖溶液使含原生药25%,药液用滤纸过滤两次,再用3号垂熔玻璃漏斗过滤一次,按1.5-3毫升的剂量分装成瓶,然后进行高温灭菌,即得注射液。
4.如权利要求3所述注射液的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中过140-160目筛(优选的过150目筛)。
5.如权利要求3所述注射液的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中所加入质量浓度为75%-95%的乙醇(优选的加入质量浓度为80%-90%的乙醇,更加优选的加入质量浓度为85%的乙醇)。
6.如权利要求3所述注射液的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中第一次醇沉30-40小时(优选第一次醇沉35小时)。
7.如权利要求3所述注射液的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中第二次醇沉16-20小时(优选第一次醇沉18小时)。
8.如权利要求3所述注射液的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中用氢氧化钠调节pH 值至6.3-6.7(优选用氢氧化钠调节pH 值至6.5)。
9.如权利要求3所述注射液的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中高温灭菌温度为100-120℃(优选高温灭菌温度为105-115℃,更加优选的高温灭菌温度为110℃)。
10.如权利要求3所述注射液的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中高温灭菌时间为30-50分钟(优选的高温灭菌时间为35-45分钟,更加优选的高温灭菌时间为40分钟)。
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