CN104432097A - 一种缓解体力疲劳的天然增补剂 - Google Patents
一种缓解体力疲劳的天然增补剂 Download PDFInfo
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- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
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- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种缓解体力疲劳的天然增补剂，该增补剂以N-甲基-桂皮酰胺作为活性成分，能够有效对抗肌肉细胞内过氧化反应，从而延缓运动疲劳的发生。另外，本发明产品易于检测并制定质量标准，可达到欧美国家的市场准入规定。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于天然物质的生物活性应用技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种缓解体力疲劳的天然增补剂。
背景技术
现代社会生活节奏的日益加快、工作压力的不断增大、竞争的日趋激烈，使人们常常感到疲劳。据WHO调查，全球有35％以上的人处于疲劳状态，中年男性人群疲劳状态达60％。疲劳的出现，可引起运动能力降低、工作效率降低、差错事故增多，疲劳发生后如果得不到及时恢复，逐渐积累，还会导致“过劳”，出现“慢性疲劳综合征(chronic fatigue syndrome，CFS)”、“过度训练综合症”等，使机体发生内分泌紊乱、免疫力下降，甚至出现器质性疾病，威胁人类健康。由于疲劳机理的不明确性和复杂性，至今临床尚无疗效确切的药物和疗法，因此人们只能选择调理的方式，也导致目前市场上的抗疲劳产品层出不穷。纵观目前市售抗疲劳产品的组成，有补充运动中所消耗的营养素来达到维持机体正常生理功能，解除疲劳的目的；有补充人体必需维生素和微量元素的；还有以中草药组方改善循环系统功能的，甚至这些品种有的含有激素，毒副作用较大；中草药产品的成分不明确，无法进入欧美市场销售。
大量的基础研究发现，在正常生理状况下，动物机体内清除自由基的抗氧化酶类和非酶类等物质形成体内抗自有基、抗氧化系统，使体内自由基的形成和清除处于动态平衡。由力竭运动等原因引起的自由基的异常增多，能够引起肌细胞伤害，使骨骼肌受损，进而影响运动能力。因此，自由基拮抗剂的研究一直受到广泛关注，并已有多种天然产物自由基拮抗剂被报道。
N-甲基-桂皮酰胺是一种天然的桂皮酰胺类单体化合物，分子式C10H11NO，具有黄皮果的典型香味，可用于调香。CN101045697A公开了多种从黄皮核中提取而得的桂皮酰胺类单体化合物，采用超临界二氧化碳萃取技术分离而得，主要含有N-甲基-桂皮酰胺、N-甲基-N-顺式-苯乙基—桂皮酰胺、N-甲基-N-顺式-苯乙烯基-桂皮酰胺、N-甲基-N-反式-苯乙基-桂皮酰胺和N-甲基-N-反式-苯乙烯基-桂皮酰胺。目前，尚没有文献报道这些桂皮酰胺类化合物具有抗疲劳的生物活性。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种以N-甲基-桂皮酰胺作为活性成分制备的缓解体力疲劳的天然增补剂及其应用。
为了实现本能发明的目的，发明人通过大量动物试验研究并不懈探索，意外地发现N-甲基-桂皮酰胺能够增强动物的运动能力、减缓疲劳的发生，并最终获得了如下技术方案：
一种缓解体力疲劳的天然增补剂，该天然增补剂的活性成分包含N-甲基-桂皮酰胺，除此之外还可以含有一些常用的抗疲劳辅助性成分，所述的辅助性成分是具有一定生理活性的成分，但该成分的加入不会改变上述保健品或药物组合物在疾病治疗过程中的主导地位，而仅仅发挥辅助功效，L-精氨酸、L-瓜氨酸、牛磺酸、维生素C、维生素E粉、叶酸等。这些辅助功效仅仅是对该成分已知活性的利用，是医药领域惯用的辅助治疗方式。
事实上，本发明人在试验中发现N-甲基-桂皮酰胺的抗疲劳生物活性较强，可以不需要添加其它活性成分。因此，在本发明的一个最优选的实施例中，如上所述缓解体力疲劳的天然增补剂由N-甲基-桂皮酰胺作为唯一活性成分组成。
需要说明的是，本发明的天然增补剂是将N-甲基-桂皮酰胺作为活性成分，与药学上可接受的辅料通过常规的制剂工艺制备而成的。所述药学上可接受的辅料，是指除活性成分以外包含在剂型中的物质，包括但不仅限于填充剂(稀释剂)、润滑剂(助流剂或抗粘着剂)、分散剂、湿润剂、粘合剂、调节剂、增溶剂、抗氧剂、抑菌剂、乳化剂、崩解剂等。粘合剂包含糖浆、阿拉伯胶、明胶、山梨醇、黄芪胶、纤维素及其衍生物(如微晶纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、乙基纤维素或羟丙甲基纤维素等)、明胶浆、糖浆、淀粉浆或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等；填充剂包含乳糖、糖粉、糊精、淀粉及其衍生物、纤维素及其衍生物、无机钙盐(如硫酸钙、磷酸钙、磷酸氢钙、沉降碳酸钙等)、山梨醇或甘氨酸等；润滑剂包含微粉硅胶、硬脂酸镁、滑石粉、氢氧化铝、硼酸、氢化植物油、聚乙二醇等；崩解剂包含淀粉及其衍生物(如羧甲基淀粉钠、淀粉乙醇酸钠、预胶化淀粉、改良淀粉、羟丙基淀粉、玉米淀粉等)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或微晶纤维素等；湿润剂包含十二烷基硫酸钠、水或醇等；抗氧剂包含亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、焦亚硫酸钠、二丁基苯酸等；抑菌剂包含0.5％苯酚、0.3％甲酚、0.5％三氯叔丁醇等；调节剂包含盐酸、枸橼酸、氢氧化钾(钠)、枸橼酸钠及缓冲剂(包括磷酸二氧钠和磷酸氢二钠)等；乳化剂包含聚山梨酯-80、没酸山梨坦、普流罗尼克F-68，卵磷酯、豆磷脂等；增溶剂包含吐温-80、胆汁、甘油等。
本发明人在进一步的深入研究中发现，N-甲基-桂皮酰胺抗疲劳的机理是SOD、CAT、GST等多种抗氧化酶活性提高的共同作用结果。因为SOD、CAT、GST都能有效地清除自由基，阻止脂质过氧化，保持机体细胞免受运动性损伤。MDA是脂质过氧化的代谢产物，与运动疲劳有关，其浓度可间接反映脂质过氧化程度。本发明的试验研究发现，大负荷训练后补充N-甲基-桂皮酰胺组大鼠血清MDA浓度均显著低于单纯大负荷训练组。这表明N-甲基-桂皮酰胺提高运动训练大鼠骨骼肌SOD、CAT、GST 酶的活性，加速自由基的清除，从而降低细胞内超氧阴离子自由基含量、减缓脂质过氧化反应速度，达到抑制MDA形成的作用。MDA浓度的降低能够有效减缓骨骼肌内自由基对肌肉细胞的损伤，从而增加运动耐力。
基于上述研究成果，本发明的另一个目的在于提供N-甲基-桂皮酰胺的工业新用途，即：N-甲基-桂皮酰胺在制备缓解体力疲劳的药物、保健品或食品中的应用；N-甲基-桂皮酰胺在制备抗骨骼肌内自由基对肌肉细胞损伤的药物、保健品或食品中的应用；以及N-甲基-桂皮酰胺在制备自由基拮抗剂中的应用。
与现有技术相比，本发明提供的含有N-甲基-桂皮酰胺的增补剂具有如下优点和显著的进步：
（1）缓解体力疲劳的效果显著：能够有效对抗肌肉细胞内过氧化反应，从而延缓运动疲劳的发生。
（2）毒副作用低：N-甲基-桂皮酰胺是从黄皮核中分离而得，因此作为天然产物，其对人体的毒副作用低。
（3）活性成分明确：由于N-甲基-桂皮酰胺为单体化合物，制备成产品后易于检测并制定质量标准，可达到欧美国家的市场准入规定。
（4）生产成本低：N-甲基-桂皮酰胺来源于黄皮核，所用的原料黄皮核资源丰富，价格便宜，因此生产成本低。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明增补剂的制备实施例和效果试验例，对本发明做进一步说明。但是，本发明的保护范围并不受限于以下实施例，凡是基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
实施例1：N-甲基-桂皮酰胺胶囊的制备
处方：
N-甲基-桂皮酰胺 10g
乳糖 50g
微晶纤维素 80g
叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醚（BHA） 0.1g
微粉硅胶 5g
6%PVP的95%乙醇溶液 适量
制备工艺：将处方中的N-甲基-桂皮酰胺、乳糖、微晶纤维素、叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醚和微粉硅胶分别过100目筛，混匀、加6%PVP的95%乙醇溶液适量制粒，60℃烘干，18目筛整粒，胶囊充填即可。
实施例2：N-甲基-桂皮酰胺对运动训练大鼠运动能力的影响试验研究
SPF级SD雄性大鼠36只，体质量220-260g。大鼠适应性饲养一周，饲养室内自然光照，通风条件良好，温度22～24℃，标准混合饲料喂养，自由饮水进食。试验开始后，将所有大鼠随机分为空白对照组和增补剂高、低剂量组，然后进行大负荷有用训练。泳槽150cm×60cm×70cm，水深60cm，水温32～34℃。空白对照组：第1周适应性游泳60min，第2周逐渐增加运动时间至150min，每周训练6d，共持续8周，每次训练后灌胃安慰剂(生理盐水10mL)。增补剂高、低剂量组：训练方法同空白对照组，但在每次训练后以体质量为基准，分别灌服N-甲基-桂皮酰胺1.8、0.6g/kg。于第8周最后1d，各组小鼠进行力竭游泳，力竭运动采用试验开始时大鼠体质量的8%为负重负荷，以大鼠沉入水中10s不能浮出水面为力竭标准，记录每只大鼠的大鼠游泳力竭时间。
通过表1的试验统计结果可以看出，与单纯大负荷训练的空白对照组比较，增补剂高、低剂量组的力竭时间显著延长(P＜0.01)，尤其是高剂量组的大鼠游泳力竭时间较空白对照组延长63.2%，这预示着大负荷训练后补充N-甲基-桂皮酰胺够增强动物的运动能力，减缓疲劳的发生。
表1 各组大鼠游泳力竭时间比较
| 组别 | 样本量 | 游泳力竭时间（min） |
| 空白对照组 | 12 | 47.93±4.17 |
| 增补剂高剂量组 | 12 | 78.22±8.05** |
| 增补剂低剂量组 | 12 | 62.59±5.83** |
与空白对照组比较，* P＜0.05，** P＜0.01。
另外，力竭游泳后颈椎脱臼处死，即刻取其相应部位骨骼肌，4℃预冷生理盐水洗净，用滤纸吸去骨骼肌组织表面水分，加入生理盐水，冰浴研磨，制成100g/L匀浆液，4℃、4000r/min离心后取上清液，立即于-80℃保存，随后用于测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)活性与丙二醛(MDA)浓度。
通过表2、表3的试验统计结果可以看出，增补剂高、低剂量组的骨骼肌SOD、CAT和GST酶活性显著升高，血清MDA浓度明显降低，与空白对照组比较具有显著性或极显著性差异(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)，这预示着N-甲基-桂皮酰胺可提高运动训练大鼠骨骼肌SOD、CAT、GST 酶的活性，加速自由基的清除，从而降低细胞内超氧阴离子自由基含量、减缓脂质过氧化反应速度，达到抑制MDA形成的作用，而血清MDA浓度的降低能够有效减缓骨骼肌内自由基对肌肉细胞的损伤，从而增加运动耐力。
表2 各组大鼠肌肉SOD、CAT和GST酶的活性比较
与空白对照组比较，* P＜0.05，** P＜0.01。
表3 各组大鼠血清MDA浓度比较
| 组别 | 样本量 | MDA浓度（nmol/mL） |
| 空白对照组 | 12 | 1.37±0.23 |
| 增补剂高剂量组 | 12 | 0.86±0.30* |
| 增补剂低剂量组 | 12 | 0.92±0.25* |
与空白对照组比较，* P＜0.05，** P＜0.01。
Claims (5)
1.一种缓解体力疲劳的天然增补剂，其特征在于，所述的天然增补剂包含N-甲基-桂皮酰胺。
2.根据权利要求1所述缓解体力疲劳的天然增补剂，其特征在于，所述的天然增补剂由N-甲基-桂皮酰胺作为唯一活性成分组成。
3.N-甲基-桂皮酰胺在制备缓解体力疲劳的药物、保健品或食品中的应用。
4.N-甲基-桂皮酰胺在制备抗骨骼肌内自由基对肌肉细胞损伤的药物、保健品或食品中的应用。
5.N-甲基-桂皮酰胺在制备自由基拮抗剂中的应用。
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| CH634551A5 (en) * | 1976-02-03 | 1983-02-15 | Wellcome Found | Process for preparing cinnamides |
| CN101045697A (zh) * | 2007-05-08 | 2007-10-03 | 暨南大学 | 黄皮核提取物及其制备方法 |
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| CN101045697A (zh) * | 2007-05-08 | 2007-10-03 | 暨南大学 | 黄皮核提取物及其制备方法 |
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| 卢晓旭等: ""黄皮核中N-甲基-桂皮酰胺的提取分离与鉴定"", 《中国调味品》 * |
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