CN104402117A - Water body purifying landscape floating wetland construction system and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Water body purifying landscape floating wetland construction system and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104402117A CN104402117A CN201410518567.8A CN201410518567A CN104402117A CN 104402117 A CN104402117 A CN 104402117A CN 201410518567 A CN201410518567 A CN 201410518567A CN 104402117 A CN104402117 A CN 104402117A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water body purifying landscape floating wetland construction system and a construction method thereof. The system, especially the water body purifying landscape floating wetland construction system based on evergreen myriophyllum verticillatum and chingii var. glaucifolius, is composed of a frame-floating body integrated system, a growth matrix system and a water plant group. The method comprises the construction of a floating wetland unit and construction of a floating wetland. The construction system and the construction method have the beneficial effect that 1)easy denaturation and breaking of hard frame due to outside force can be solved, poor water body landscape due direct exposed floating body material to and easy secondary pollution can be solved simultaneously; 2)a growth matrix system can be used for synchronously solving difficult problems of nutrition scarcity for plant material growth plant and dirty stress of plant root during a water body restoration process of the plant material can be sovled; and 3)the difficult problems of chlorosis of the plant material in winter and spring, less biomass, low dirt accepting capability, low reoxygenation efficiency of the water body and poor ornamental value in winter and spring can be solved by a novel plant material restoration method.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of environment protection; relate to a kind of water body purification view floating wetland constructing system and construction process of eutrophication water restoration of the ecosystem of heavily contaminated; particularly relate to the comprehensive processing method in the river course, rural area of breeding wastewater and sanitary sewage discharge; not only meet water quality obviously to promote, and meet the demand in River Landscape design.
Background technology
Through patent retrieval and Literature Consult, China existing floating wetland patent (CN 201962124 U, a kind of artificial floating wetland; CN 100479649, a kind of hover and building method; CN 102963984 A: a kind of ecological floating island device being equipped with inflatable raft body; CN100584197C ecological floating island) skeleton structure and float structure many employings separation design.The obvious defect of its structure is that water surface footprint area increases, and the framework material adopted such as bamboo or rod or the similar material such as plastics tubing, reinforcing bar belong to hard skeleton, because it lacks snappiness, meets stormy waves, current etc. and impacts flexible distortion and even fracture.In addition, their floating body material many employings air-flotation type, foam or ball floats etc., inflatable buoyancy aid regularly must supply source of the gas.And foam or ball float material are exposed to water landscape weak effect due to it, obvious defect is also had to be exactly that this stays the water surface as permanent or provisional floating material because the factors such as long-term lacking management are loose and easily causes secondary pollution.
In addition through patent retrieval, disclosed patent (CN 201962124 U, a kind of artificial floating wetland at present; CN 103141283 A, the suspension implantation methods of a kind of waterplant; ) the common common waterplant that adopts of the vegetable material that relates to of restoration of the ecosystem is difficult to survive the winter as water peanut, reed, water lily, lotus, hornwort etc., the basic lifeless matter amount of winter-spring season, the pollutent that plant materials remains enters water body through putrefaction process again, causes the secondary pollution of the water surface.
Moreover, this key issue must be considered using waterplant as scavenging material, generally, the foster materials such as nitrogen phosphorus battalion needed for plant Different growth phases are that the several times of water body content are to tens times, general water body nitrogen phosphorus is not enough to maintain demand of plant growth, and plant-growth easily produces the situations such as malnutritive.Must consider to need plant materials to maintain the function of enough biomass basis its purification of water qualitys of competence exertion while the rejecting water pollutant considering plant-growth.Plant has certain resistant limit to pollutent in addition, heavy polluted water restriction plant normal growth.
Green watermifoil (Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc.) perennial pleuston.Originate in South America, A Genyan, Brazil, Uruguay, Chile etc., existing south China has introducing culture strain.High 50 ~ 80 centimetres.In 7 ~ August of dioecy florescence, the four seasons are evergreen, fast growth, and biomass is large, absorb water body nitrogen and phosphorus a considerable number of, can be used for the vegetable material of the restoration of the ecosystem for the purpose of general riverway water quality purification.
Powder leaf dwarf lilyturf (
ophiopogon chingii var. glaucifolius), perennial hygrophyte.Shade tolerance is strong, and plant is short, well developed root system, and leaf is general also wider, wide 0.5-2 centimetre, and the many landscape effects of 5-7 florescence, the quantity month are splendid.Growth is fast and biomass is high, and the four seasons are evergreen, and winter-spring season still can keep evergreen.Resisting cold under-10 ~ 40 high temperature all can normal growth, resistance to waterflooding, and between the short range rainstorm and overflow stage, waterflooding about a week still can normal growth, is a kind of desirable ecological restoration materials for the purpose of view.
For the report of current published patent or document, floating wetland structure design and carrying out ecological restoring method and not yet solving the problem of vegetable material is provided.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide a kind of water body purification view floating wetland constructing system and construction process of novel simplification, provides the ecological floating island system of the pollutent such as a kind of efficient removal water body nitrogen phosphorus, the COD phytoremediation technology that the view graceful four seasons are evergreen simultaneously.Emphasis solves a kind of technology that in severe domestic sewage in rural areas and poultry farming process, sewage effluent low cost is disposed.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
A kind of water body purification view floating wetland constructing system, comprise: skeleton buoyancy aid integral system, described skeleton buoyancy aid integral system comprises skeleton and buoyancy aid, and described skeleton comprises the ring structure be made up of hollow tube, and described buoyancy aid is the foam beads be filled in hollow tube; Growth matrix system, described growth matrix system comprises skeleton underlying and is positioned at the substrate material system above described skeleton underlying, described skeleton underlying is connected to the below of described skeleton, described substrate material system comprises two-layer water pollutions protective layer, two buffer layer and the matrix nturient layer that horizontal direction is laid, described matrix nturient layer is located between described two buffer layer, and described two buffer layer is located between described two-layer water pollutions protective layer; Aquatic vegetation system, described aquatic vegetation system comprises pleuston growing area and landscape plant growing area, described pleuston growing area is positioned at the ring structure that described hollow tube is made, and described landscape plant growing area is positioned in described substrate material system.
According to the water body purification view floating wetland constructing system of the embodiment of the present invention its adopt the float structure of shell system to take into full account requirement to light intensity under water under plant different water depth condition, can the overall suspension degree of depth in water in free adjustment chinampa.Aquatic vegetation fully takes into account plant purification efficiency and Winter-Spring is evergreen and the demand of overwintering, carries out scientifically plants configuration.Substrate material is selected and is taken into full account that plant-growth nutritional needs and water pollution such as to coerce at the factor.Ecological floating island growing process, especially easy because of factor growth restrictions such as nutrition are poor, heavy metal in water, Organic pollutants are coerced in landscape plant process of growth, plant materials is directly placed in water growth and easily produces the bad phenomenon such as plant is short and small, leaf chlorosis, matrix provided by the invention enough can filter water body major part pollutent and ensure root system of plant normal growth, provides enough phosphorus and nitrogens to meet plant-growth needs simultaneously.
Wherein, described shell system adopts the mentality of designing of skeleton construction and buoyancy structure integration.Adopt new development material--plastic coated metal hose makes shell system.It possesses two large advantages: 1. enough physical strengths and flexility, possesses the ability of the mechanical collisions such as protection current, stormy waves, boats and ships.2. hollow structure, possesses and fills appropriate foam beads with satisfied different chinampas buoyancy demand.
Water body purification view floating wetland constructing system according to the embodiment of the present invention can also have following additional technical feature:
Preferably, the plastic coated metal hose material that described skeleton is 3 ~ 10cm by diameter forms two-layer ring structure, comprises syndeton between two-layer ring structure, and wherein preferred diameter is 3 ~ 5cm plastic coated metal hose; Adopted the requirement of mechanical strength natural torsion of flexible hose covered with plastic film at 100 ~ 500mm, maximum axial pulling force is at 300 ~ 800kg, and preferred physical strength natural torsion about 250 ~ 300mm, maximum axial pulling force is 400 ~ 500kg.
Preferably, described foam beads is the foam beads be made up of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS) or the rare resin material of polyphenyl; Its foam beads particle diameter is at 3 ~ 15mm, and preferable particle size scope is 5 ~ 8mm; The loading level of foam beads is according to the inner total volume of plastic coated metal hose 20 ~ 50%.Specifically consider the loading level regulating buoyancy aid waterflooding different in water column height can consider suitably to increase or reduce foam beads.
Preferably, described adjacent water pollutions protective layer, separate with wire-mesh screen between buffer layer and matrix nturient layer.I.e. substrate material composition employing three layers of absolute construction design.
Preferably, described water pollutions protective layer forms primarily of the filtrate of high absorption property, to filter heavy metal, the organic pollutant in water body, and preferred polyphenyl olefine resin filtrate composition, its thickness is at 2 ~ 5mm, and wherein filtrate is enough to the pollutent such as heavy metal, organism that filters in water body; Described buffer layer, form primarily of general sorbing material, with secondary filtration water pollutant with to water nutrition thing buffering supply effect, that is: water body a small amount of pollutent residual after filtrate is removed further, adsorb simultaneously and concentrate nitrogen and phosphorous nutrient in water body, then slow releasing enters in internal matrix and absorbs for root system of plant, meets the required demand far above Water phosphorus nutrition material of plant-growth, preferred bamboo charcoal; Described matrix nturient layer adopts free of contamination river silt, agricultural land soil or the peat composed of rotten mosses etc., for landscape plant growth provides nutrition.
Preferably, skeleton underlying adopts the netted structure design thinking of layer stereo, ensures surviving of landscape plant Seedling Stage.Described skeleton underlying adopts the netted structure design of layer stereo, and its material can be made up of PVC or wire; Its lower net mesh is generally higher than upper strata width of mesh; Wherein, purse seine specification mesh adopts 0.1 ~ 2mm, and upper strata width of mesh adopts 5 ~ 20mm, purse seine total height 10 ~ 50mm; Preferred specification is lower floor mesh 0.5 ~ 1mm, and upper strata purse seine mesh size is 10 ~ 15mm, and purse seine total height is 30 ~ 40mm.Its function is mainly substrate material and landscape plant provides carrier.The netted design advantage of multilayer: when planting plants, adds substrate material in multi-layer planting net, then field planting plant shoot in mesh wherein.This plantation net overcomes the defect that the simple nylon wire etc. adopted in other patent can not fix root system of plant, improves the ability that plant water resistant power impulse machine destroys.
Preferably, described pleuston growing area is made up of the green watermifoil that the purification of water quality of the four seasons evergreen type is good, and described landscape plant growing area is made up of the powder leaf dwarf lilyturf that landscape effect is good.
Wherein, aquatic vegetation configures, and adopts purification of water quality and the graceful separate mentality of designing of view.Water quality purification function is positioned in pleuston, be preferably green watermifoil (
myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc.).Its significant purification of water quality advantage: its fast growth, biomass are high, the four seasons are evergreen.What is more important its to water transparency no requirement (NR), at eutrophication water, the low even COD of Dissolved Oxygen in Water of nitrogen phosphorus heavily contaminated
mnreaching hundreds of water bodys still can vigorous growth.The propagulum that its modes of reproduction can select the disconnected branch of green watermifoil, subterraneous stem and root all to can be used as its plantation carries out water surface planting; Its plantation cover degree design is considered and the demand of the biomass that purification of water quality is enough and ecological engineering and timeliness is generally 15 ~ 50% in the plantation cover degree on chinampa, preferably 30 ~ 40%.
The wherein graceful plant collocation design of view, preferred aspect intersect the four seasons all have landscape effect powder leaf dwarf lilyturf (
ophiopogon chingii) its field planting to be directly to transplant seedling mode in the matrix of the multi-layer planting net of matrix scaffold underlying lower floor.Its plantation cover degree design is considered and the demand of the biomass that purification of water quality is enough and ecological engineering and timeliness is generally 35 ~ 70% in the plantation cover degree on chinampa, preferably 50 ~ 60%.
The present invention provides a kind of water body purification view method for constructing floating wetland based on evergreen watermifoil in addition, comprises the following steps:
One, the structure of floating wetland unit
(1) making of skeleton buoyancy aid integral system: select diameter to be at least one syndeton that 2 ~ 5cm plastic coated metal pipe makes between two-layer ring structure and two-layer ring structure, form skeleton, and then to filled and process particle in metal tube, loading level size accounts for house steward's internal volume 20 ~ 50%;
(2) installation of skeleton underlying: install the skeleton underlying that PVC material makes in skeleton lower end, skeleton underlying adopts 2 layers of thick net of 20mm to carry out texture filler;
(3) filling of host material layer: first spread certain polyphenyl olefine resin filtrate as water pollutions protective layer at the underlying network of skeleton underlying, then lays gac thereon as buffer layer, finally spreads the peat composed of rotten mosses thereon as matrix nturient layer;
(4) plantation of waterplant: pleuston, directly broken by green watermifoil branch or whole strain seedling are directly disseminated between two-layer ring structure, and cover degree controls 30 ~ 40%; Seedling is directly planted in host material layer by landscape plant, after plantation seedling, matrix Surface mulch gac is as buffer layer, layer covers polyphenyl olefine resin filtrate as water pollutions protective layer on the activated carbon, so far complete the assembling of landscape plant matrix fill and the field planting of plant, planting density controls at 3 ~ 5 strains/m
2;
Two, floating wetland builds: the floating wetland unit pin stake of having planted fixed, then carry out layout according to certain structural shape and size to floating wetland unit according to the actual needs, the floating wetland that final formation one is complete.
Preferably, be also included in the size adjustment waterflooding water level height of initial stage by foam beads loading level in skeleton hollow tube after described step (4), ensure that the minimum 1/3 plant body of plant is exposed in air.
Compared with prior art, the advantage of this technology is:
(1) the floating wetland unit design of reduced form skeleton buoyancy aid integration is adopted.Possess enough physical strengths and certain toughness, in wind wave prevention and current physical disturbance, successful improves, and can be used as permanent skeleton facility and can not cause secondary pollution of water without the need to regular maintenance.For existing middle framework material bamboo pole, floating body material foam, plastic pipe rapid wear, and secondary pollution of water problem may be caused, this patent advantage can solve hard skeleton chance external force volatility or the defect that fractures by emphasis, solves floating body material simultaneously and is directly exposed to water landscape difference and the difficulties easily causing secondary pollution after damaging.
(2) substrate material adopts outside water pollutions protective layer, intermediate buffer layer, internal matrix nutritive layer three layers of absolute construction system.Possess and filter the protection function of heavy metal and organic pollutant from water body and concentrate the nutritive substance such as nitrogen phosphorus supply plant-growth function continually from water body.For water body nitrogen and phosphorus low be not enough to continue to maintain plant high-biomass growth demand and water body plurality of heavy metal, organic pollutant cause plant root growth to coerce problem, the project organization of substrate material three layers of independent system that this patent provides synchronously can solve the deficient problem of vegetable material plant nutrition and root system of plant and to get dirty the difficulties of coercing.
(3) brand-new vegetable material and recovery technique thereof is introduced.Emphasis solves that general waterplant winter-spring season chlorosis, the little water environment capacity of biomass are low, the difficulties of purification of water quality efficiency and Winter-Spring sight difference.The present invention by the mentality of designing of new skeleton construction and buoyancy structure integration, introducing efficient and the four seasons evergreen type vegetable material of view grace (green watermifoil (Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc.) and powder leaf dwarf lilyturf (
ophiopogon chingii var. glaucifolius)) carry out restoration of the ecosystem, for new vitality is injected in the technological innovation of current China floating wetland.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is floating wetland modular construction schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the diagrammatic cross-section after Fig. 1 substrate material layer segment amplifies.
description of reference numerals:1. green watermifoil growing area, 2. powder leaf dwarf lilyturf growing area, 3. skeleton underlying, 4. pin stake, 5. host material layer, 6. skeleton, 7. water pollutions protective layer, 8. buffer layer, 9. matrix nturient layer.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, set forth the present invention further.Should be understood that these embodiments are only not used in for illustration of the present invention to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, green watermifoil+powder leaf dwarf lilyturf combination floating wetland is utilized to administer ecological restoring method and the water body purification view floating wetland constructing system of serious rice-nutrient water body.
One, the structure of floating wetland unit, mainly comprises carcasing, the netted underlying of multilayer is installed, matrix fill is filled and waterplant is transplanted.
the making of skeleton buoyancy aid integral system.Select diameter to be at least one syndeton that 3 ~ 5cm plastic coated metal pipe makes between two-layer ring structure and two-layer ring structure, form skeleton 6.Be wherein green watermifoil growing area 1 between inside and outside two-layer ring structure, be powder leaf dwarf lilyturf growing area 2 above matrix nturient layer 9, within internal layer ring structure, concrete size is determined according to actual needs.And then to filled and process particle in metal tube, loading level size accounts for house steward's internal volume about 40%.Skeleton buoyancy aid integral system has fixed sturcture and buoyancy aid function concurrently, utilize possess certain flexibility and the rigidity mechanically resistant material of hollow to make definite shape skeleton structure, recycling foam beads to be filled in the framework material of hollow thus to obtain enough buoyancy to support total.Adopt new development material--plastic coated metal hose makes shell system.It possesses two large advantages: one, enough physical strengths and flexility, possesses the ability of the mechanical collisions such as protection current, stormy waves, boats and ships.Two, hollow structure, possesses and fills appropriate foam beads with satisfied different chinampas buoyancy demand.Adopted the physical strength of flexible hose covered with plastic film can be physical strength natural torsion about 250 ~ 300mm, maximum axial pulling force is 400 ~ 500kg.
the installation of skeleton underlying 3.The multilayer field planting net (skeleton underlying 3) that PVC material makes is installed in skeleton 6 lower end.Field planting net adopts 2 layers of thick net of 20mm to carry out texture filler, and the size of concrete mesh and height size foundation seedling adjusts.
the filling of host material layer 5.First certain polyphenyl olefine resin filtrate is spread as water pollutions protective layer 7 at the underlying network of skeleton underlying 3, then gac is laid thereon as buffer layer 8, the last peat composed of rotten mosses etc. spread thereon is as matrix nturient layer 9, finally complete the substrate material part of landscape plant growth, as marked 5 in Fig. 1.Water pollutions protective layer 7 forms primarily of the filtrate of high absorption property, and wherein filtrate is enough to the pollutent such as heavy metal, organism that filters in water body.Middle buffer layer 8, form primarily of general sorbing material, it can be bamboo charcoal etc., its function is for playing secondary filtration water pollutant and water nutrition thing buffering supply effect, that is: water body a small amount of pollutent residual after filtrate is removed further, adsorb simultaneously and concentrate nitrogen and phosphorous nutrient in water body, then slow releasing enters in internal matrix and absorbs for root system of plant, meets the required demand far above Water phosphorus nutrition material of plant-growth.Internal layer is mainly matrix nturient layer 9, and its material can adopt free of contamination river silt, agricultural land soil, the peat composed of rotten mosses etc., for landscape plant growth provides nutrition.
the plantation of waterplant.Pleuston, be preferably green watermifoil (
myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc.).Directly broken by green watermifoil branch or whole strain seedling is directly disseminated in Fig. 1 medium green watermifoil growing area 1, and cover degree controls about 40%.The preferred aspect of landscape plant intersect the four seasons all have landscape effect powder leaf dwarf lilyturf (
ophiopogon chingii), seedling is directly planted in powder leaf dwarf lilyturf growing area 2, i.e. (in the matrix that multi-layer plant is online) in host material layer 5, matrix Surface mulch 2mm gac after plantation seedling, layer covers the polyphenyl olefine resin filtrate of 2mm on the activated carbon, so far completes the assembling of landscape plant matrix fill and the field planting of plant.Suitably regulate waterflooding water level height in the early stage, ensure that the minimum 1/3 plant body of plant is exposed to planting density in air and controls at 3 ~ 5 strains/m
2.
Two, floating wetland builds. and the floating wetland unit pin stake 4 of having planted is fixed, then according to certain structural shape and size, layout is carried out to floating wetland unit according to the actual needs, the floating wetland that final formation one is complete.
Floating wetland constructing technology provided by the invention simplifies the design of floating wetland unit, enhance in floating wetland operational process and resist the surging force that stormy waves washes away, Summer Heavy Rainfall rises suddenly and sharply current instantaneously, also avoid leaking outside of floating body material simultaneously and cause the secondary pollution of water body.The matrix system that what is more important provides can solve growth in growing process and coerce problem, guarantees that wetland plant material has the purification efficiency that enough biomasss have ensured it.The vegetable material four seasons that the present invention adopts evergreenly improve landscape effect, and the resistance of tornado in summer plant flooding stress is splendid, reduce floating wetland maintenance cost.
Case study on implementation 1: Zhejiang Jiaxing breeding wastewater rural area river channel ecology is administered
The river course, rural area of Zhejiang Jiaxing Pig raising wastewater discharge, bottom of river channel is deposited a large amount of swine excrements and black smelly bed mud throughout the year, and water body is anaerobism extremely, water transparency less than 20cm, COD severe overweight, bad V class of genus surface water.Water body pasture and water, fishes and shrimps etc. almost disappear.In river course comprehensive regulation process, after Sediment Dredging, ecological recovery in advance need be carried out to water body.Adopt floating wetland constructing technology of the present invention, build floating wetland in the waters of river course total width 50%.
(1) first selecting diameter to be the plastic coated metal pipe of 3cm is framework material, and the foam beads 40% that particle diameter is 3cm is filled in metal tube inside.Make square floating wetland modular construction framework.
(2) at the multi-layer planting net of base of frame fixing PVC material.The mesh of plantation net selects lower floor to select 0.5mm nylon wire upper strata to select the Double-level Reticulated of 10mm mesh to do underlying.Then bottom Multilayer Network, spread the polyphenyl olefine resin filtrate of 3mm, lay the gac of 2mm then, finally spread the peat composed of rotten mosses of 10mm on the activated carbon.
(3) at inner ring multi-layer plant on the net according to 5 strains/m
2planting density powder leaf dwarf lilyturf is planted in peat composed of rotten mosses layer, dwarf lilyturf selects plant height to carry out unifying plantation the seedling of 5 ~ 8cm.Matrix Surface mulch 2mm gac after plantation seedling, layer covers the polyphenyl olefine resin filtrate of 2mm on the activated carbon, so far completes the assembling of landscape plant matrix fill and the field planting of plant.Then the outer shroud (1 part in Fig. 1) utilizing the disconnected branch of green watermifoil or plant body directly to transplant to be disseminated to floating on water wetland unit.So far the structure of floating wetland elementary cell is completed.
(4) according to the degree of depth of the developed width in river course, select the river course depth of water to arrange floating wetland unit in the waters of >50cm, according to the cover degree in waters, river course 50% and channel width physical size, elementary cell is spliced.Finally complete the structure of floating wetland.
Above-mentioned green watermifoil selects the time of plantation mostly to be for 10 ~ November, and the plantation of landscape plant powder leaf dwarf lilyturf is selected to plant in 3 ~ April.In planting process, waterflooding is highly no more than 2/3 of total plantation height.Through the trace analysis of continuous 6 months, find that there is the floating wetland section that green watermifoil+powder leaf dwarf lilyturf is laid, water transparency was increased to 50 ~ 70cm, and Dissolved Oxygen in Water is at 5mgL
-1, the submerged plant growths such as water body is without obvious black floating matter, and water body foul smell obviously weakens, the black algae that partial area are reseeded are luxuriant, and branches and leaves extend to the water surface, and water transparency is increased to 60 ~ 100cm.And only having the check plot of dredging, river water body transparency is less than 30cm, and Dissolved Oxygen in Water is less than 1 mgL
-1, water surface localized clusters black organic floating thing.The more important thing is in summer, green watermifoil growth is vigorous, can grow to more than 90%, after salvaging in time about 30 days biomass coverages by 50%.Winter green watermifoil and powder leaf dwarf lilyturf still grow vigorous, the ability that removes of water body oxygen enrichment ability and nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants still keeps efficient and landscape effect is splendid.
Case study on implementation 2: Zhejiang Jiaxing heavily contaminated rural area broken end creek river regulation.
The broken end creek river course of Zhejiang Jiaxing Haining rural domestic waste discharge, bottom of river channel is deposited a large amount of black smelly bed muds throughout the year, and water body is anaerobism extremely, water transparency less than 30cm, COD severe overweight, bad V class of genus surface water.Water body pasture and water, fishes and shrimps etc. almost disappear.In river course comprehensive regulation process, after bed mud desilting, the comprehensive regulation need be carried out to river course.Adopt floating wetland constructing technology of the present invention, build floating wetland in the waters of river course total width 60%.
(1) first selecting diameter to be the plastic coated metal pipe of 3cm is framework material, and the foam beads 40% that particle diameter is 3cm is filled in metal tube inside.Make square floating wetland modular construction framework.
(2) at the multi-layer planting net of base of frame fixing PVC material.The mesh of plantation net selects lower floor to select 0.5mm nylon wire upper strata to select the Double-level Reticulated of 10mm mesh to do underlying.Then bottom Multilayer Network, spread the polyphenyl olefine resin filtrate of 3mm, lay the gac of 2mm then, finally spread the peat composed of rotten mosses of 10mm on the activated carbon.
(3) at inner ring multi-layer plant on the net according to 5 strains/m
2planting density powder leaf dwarf lilyturf is planted in peat composed of rotten mosses layer, dwarf lilyturf selects plant height to carry out unifying plantation the seedling of 5 ~ 8cm.Matrix Surface mulch 2mm gac after plantation seedling, layer covers the polyphenyl olefine resin filtrate of 2mm on the activated carbon, so far completes the assembling of landscape plant matrix fill and the field planting of plant.Then the outer shroud (1 part in Fig. 1) utilizing the disconnected branch of green watermifoil or plant body directly to transplant to be disseminated to floating on water wetland unit.So far the structure of floating wetland elementary cell is completed.
(4) according to the degree of depth of the developed width in river course, select the river course depth of water to arrange floating wetland unit in the waters of >50cm, according to the cover degree in waters, river course 50% and channel width physical size, elementary cell is spliced.Finally complete the structure of floating wetland.
Above-mentioned green watermifoil selects the time of plantation mostly to be for 10 ~ November, and the plantation of landscape plant powder leaf dwarf lilyturf is selected to plant in 3 ~ April.In planting process, waterflooding is highly no more than 2/3 of total plantation height.Through the trace analysis of continuous 6 months, find that there is the floating wetland section that green watermifoil+powder leaf dwarf lilyturf is laid, Dissolved Oxygen in Water was at 5 ~ 7mgL
-1, plantation hornwort is carried out in water body part section, and hornwort growth is vigorous, and waters water transparency is increased to 60 ~ 80cm.And only having the check plot of dredging, river water body transparency is less than 30cm, and Dissolved Oxygen in Water is less than 2mgL
-1.
Claims (10)
1. a water body purification view floating wetland constructing system, is characterized in that, comprising:
Skeleton buoyancy aid integral system, described skeleton buoyancy aid integral system comprises skeleton and buoyancy aid, and described skeleton comprises the ring structure be made up of hollow tube, and described buoyancy aid is the foam beads be filled in hollow tube;
Growth matrix system, described growth matrix system comprises skeleton underlying and is positioned at the substrate material system above described skeleton underlying, described skeleton underlying is connected to the below of described skeleton, described substrate material system comprises two-layer water pollutions protective layer, two buffer layer and the matrix nturient layer that horizontal direction is laid, described matrix nturient layer is located between described two buffer layer, and described two buffer layer is located between described two-layer water pollutions protective layer;
Aquatic vegetation system, described aquatic vegetation system comprises pleuston growing area and landscape plant growing area, described pleuston growing area is positioned at the ring structure that described hollow tube is made, and described landscape plant growing area is positioned in described substrate material system.
2. water body purification view floating wetland constructing system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the plastic coated metal hose material that described skeleton is 3 ~ 10cm by diameter forms two-layer ring structure, comprise syndeton between two-layer ring structure, wherein preferred diameter is 3 ~ 5cm plastic coated metal hose; Adopted the requirement of mechanical strength natural torsion of flexible hose covered with plastic film at 100 ~ 500mm, maximum axial pulling force is at 300 ~ 800kg, and preferred physical strength natural torsion about 250 ~ 300mm, maximum axial pulling force is 400 ~ 500kg.
3. water body purification view floating wetland constructing system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described foam beads is the foam beads be made up of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS) or the rare resin material of polyphenyl; Its foam beads particle diameter is at 3 ~ 15mm, and preferable particle size scope is 5 ~ 8mm; The loading level of foam beads is according to the inner total volume of plastic coated metal hose 20 ~ 50%.
4. water body purification view floating wetland constructing system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described adjacent water pollutions protective layer, separates with wire-mesh screen between buffer layer and matrix nturient layer.
5. water body purification view floating wetland constructing system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described water pollutions protective layer forms primarily of the filtrate of high absorption property, to filter heavy metal, the organic pollutant in water body, preferred polyphenyl olefine resin filtrate composition, its thickness is at 2 ~ 5mm; Described buffer layer, is formed primarily of general sorbing material, with secondary filtration water pollutant with to water nutrition thing buffering supply effect, and preferred bamboo charcoal; Described matrix nturient layer adopts free of contamination river silt, agricultural land soil or the peat composed of rotten mosses etc., for landscape plant growth provides nutrition.
6. water body purification view floating wetland constructing system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described skeleton underlying adopts the netted structure design of layer stereo, and its material can be made up of PVC or wire; Its lower net mesh is generally higher than upper strata width of mesh; Wherein, purse seine specification mesh adopts 0.1 ~ 2mm, and upper strata width of mesh adopts 5 ~ 20mm, purse seine total height 10 ~ 50mm; Preferred specification is lower floor mesh 0.5 ~ 1mm, and upper strata purse seine mesh size is 10 ~ 15mm, and purse seine total height is 30 ~ 40mm.
7. water body purification view floating wetland constructing system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described pleuston growing area is made up of the green watermifoil that the purification of water quality of the four seasons evergreen type is good, and described landscape plant growing area is made up of the powder leaf dwarf lilyturf that landscape effect is good.
8. water body purification view floating wetland constructing system according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described green watermifoil plantation cover degree is generally 15 ~ 50%, preferably 30 ~ 40%, and described powder leaf dwarf lilyturf plantation cover degree is generally 35 ~ 70%, and preferably 50 ~ 60%.
9., based on a water body purification view method for constructing floating wetland for evergreen watermifoil, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
One, the structure of floating wetland unit
(1) making of skeleton buoyancy aid integral system: select diameter to be at least one syndeton that 2 ~ 5cm plastic coated metal pipe makes between two-layer ring structure and two-layer ring structure, form skeleton, and then to filled and process particle in metal tube, loading level size accounts for house steward's internal volume 20 ~ 50%;
(2) installation of skeleton underlying: install the skeleton underlying that PVC material makes in skeleton lower end, skeleton underlying adopts 2 layers of thick net of 20mm to carry out texture filler;
(3) filling of host material layer: first spread certain polyphenyl olefine resin filtrate as water pollutions protective layer at the underlying network of skeleton underlying, then lays gac thereon as buffer layer, finally spreads the peat composed of rotten mosses thereon as matrix nturient layer;
(4) plantation of waterplant: pleuston, directly broken by green watermifoil branch or whole strain seedling are directly disseminated between two-layer ring structure, and cover degree controls 30 ~ 40%; Seedling is directly planted in host material layer by landscape plant, after plantation seedling, matrix Surface mulch is as buffer layer, layer covers polyphenyl olefine resin filtrate as water pollutions protective layer on the activated carbon, so far complete the assembling of landscape plant matrix fill and the field planting of plant, planting density controls at 3 ~ 5 strains/m
2;
Two, floating wetland builds: the floating wetland unit pin stake of having planted fixed, then carry out layout according to certain structural shape and size to floating wetland unit according to the actual needs, the floating wetland that final formation one is complete.
10. method according to claim 9, is characterized in that, is also included in the size adjustment waterflooding water level height of initial stage by foam beads loading level in skeleton hollow tube, ensures that the minimum 1/3 plant body of plant is exposed in air after described step (4).
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