CN103960193A - Songjiang perch breeding water treatment system for simulating natural ecological environment and operation management method - Google Patents
Songjiang perch breeding water treatment system for simulating natural ecological environment and operation management method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture engineering, and particularly relates to a Songjiang perch breeding water treatment system for simulating the natural ecological environment and an operation management method. The system comprises a seawater treatment subsystem and a fresh water treatment subsystem. In the operation process, deployment is conducted according to the requirement of Songjiang perches for salt in different growth stages. The two water treatment subsystems are the same in structure and operation principle, but the varieties of filter materials and cultivated and selected purified aquatic organisms are different. The two subsystems respectively comprise a main channel, a high-level water tower and a connecting pipeline. Based on the biocenosis treatment principle, large and complex devices are not needed, construction cost is low, and water quality indexes can reach the second national surface water standard. The system is ecological, environmentally friendly and capable of saving energy, and can be widely applied to water treatment of massive ecological breeding of migration type fish such as Songjiang perches.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquacultural engineering technical field, be specially a kind of numerous foster water treatment system of Sungkiang weever and Operations Management method of simulate natural ecological environment.
Background technology
Sungkiang weever is aquatic wild the watching for animals of China's country's secondary, is also one of China four large fresh water name fishes, has good scientific research value, the ecological value and economic worth.Fudan University, from last century the fifties, just carries out further investigation to it constantly, has obtained many achievements in research.Break through in recent years Sungkiang weever series key technology: the technology such as the production of spray fry, desalination fingerling cultivating, bait culture apparatus, batch production pipe bucket system; the total man's work propagation in scale breeding production that has realized Sungkiang weever filial generation, has effectively promoted Sungkiang weever protection of resources and exploitation.
The present invention be mainly Sungkiang weever breed with breeding process in, according to the feature of the wild habitat of occurring in nature Sungkiang weever water, build the treatment system of breeding water.The present invention, taking simulating nature water environment technology as basis, processes and manages aquaculture organism required water, and ecological water treatment technology is combined with natural force, the object of reach effectively, water being processed in low consumption.This system has been saved large-scale, expensive water treatment instrument and the equipment used of water treatment in the past, adopts physics, biology, natural force treatment technology, and Installed capital cost reduces more than 30%, and operating cost reduces more than 70%, and culture benefit promotes more than 50%.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cost of investment few, operating cost is low, the numerous foster water treatment system of Sungkiang weever of the simulate natural ecological environment that culture benefit is high, and running and management method are provided.
The numerous foster water treatment system of Sungkiang weever of simulate natural ecological environment provided by the invention, according to the ecological habit of Sungkiang weever diadromy, has designed two cover treatment subsystem, i.e. Seawater Treatment subsystem and fresh water treatment subsystems.When operation, according to the different vegetative stages of Sungkiang weever, the needs of salinity are allocated.Two cover treatment subsystem construction structures are identical with operation logic, but filtrate, cultivation and selection purify water, biological kind is not quite similar.Two cover subsystems include main channel, high-order water tower, connecting pipe three parts.
One, system structure design
(1) main channel
The main channel of the numerous foster water treatment system of Sungkiang weever of simulate natural ecological environment of the present invention is by two long 90-120m, the cement of wide 2.5-3.5m or glass-reinforced plastic material are built and are formed, two channels are separated into respectively several (as 13) ponds, are divided into 5 functional areas: step net filter tank, step sand filter, plant purification district, animal purifying area, clear water storehouse.
(1) step net filter tank: be divided into 3 grades, wherein, the 1st grade of filter screen is arranged on the end of cultivating workshop blowdown irrigation canals and ditches, near water treatment system oral siphon place, 2nd, 3 two-stage filter screens are separately positioned in the 1st and No. 3 pond of main channel, the long 5-6.5m in each pond;
The filter screen in step net filter tank adopts the net sheet of different pore size, realizes filtering function; The 1st grade of filter screen can be combined by the net sheet in plurality of specifications aperture, for example can be the combination of the net sheet in 80 orders, 100 orders and 150 three specification apertures of order, material can adopt nylon wire, and these net sheets are combined to form filtering area, and the net sheet of the 2nd, 3 grades of net filters can adopt the net sheet material of common idle call;
The effect of net filter is that physical barrier enters in water treatment system from the large-scale granular substance in cultivating workshop draining-off sewage, can effectively intercept surplus bait, ight soil, waft into leaf etc., and other large-scale suspended particulate etc.Meanwhile, net sheet is also some biological desirable attaching substratums, can adhere to various biology, and these aufwuches also will participate in breeding water biological treatment process.Can clean quickly and easily at any time as the net sheet filtering.
(2) step sand filter: by several length be 5-6.5m, one group of pond in main channel forms alternately, specifically comprise: 1 gravel pond, 1 zeolite pond, 2 coral sand ponds, 2 medical stone ponds, 2 shell ponds, 1 mix fine sand pond (the thin thin zeolite mixing pit of medical stone).
Step sand filter is for physical filtering, and can provide multiple biological growthing environment, heterogeneity chiltern filtrate is piled up the filter bed forming, multiply the animal that has many microorganisms and detritus food chain, form so-called biomembrane, these biomembranes participate in the mineralization process of water treatment, can be mineral salt by the organic substance decomposing in water body.Sand filter blanket can be rinsed, be cleaned by the backpurge system being arranged on below, to keep permeability and the biocenological metabolism of its filtration, prevents that it is aging, that is maintains its efficient disposal ability.
(3) plant purification district: the position, o.11 pond that is arranged on water treatment channel, long 16-20m, in this pond, plant all kinds of plants (as pasture and water and vegetables etc.), by the process of growth of plant, absorb after filtration with mineralization process after be rich in nutritive salt in water, reduce the fertile degree of water, reach the object of clean water.
In seawater channel and fresh water channel, it is different selecting the floristics of plantation, both in seawater channel, plants sea-plant, in fresh water channel, plants fresh plant.
(4) animal purifying area: except filter screen pond, mixing fine sand pond and clear water storehouse, in other each treatment pond, all can inoculate and the corresponding animal of animal stocking, participate in the processing procedure of water.
In seawater channel and fresh water channel, it is different selecting the animal species of inoculating and putting in a suitable place to breed, in seawater channel, inoculates and puts marine animal in a suitable place to breed, inoculates and put in a suitable place to breed fresh water animals in fresh water channel.
(5) clear water storehouse: be last pond of main channel, flow to water in this pond treated clean, can reach the above standard of national surface water II class water.A water lift water pump is set in clear water storehouse, water is directly carried in high-order water tower for subsequent use.
(2) high-order water tower
High-order water tower construction, at the end of main channel, for carrying into Chi Shui, by the high-order potential energy that improves, has enough pressure to inject the water of cultivating workshop, keeps the flow of water and has certain hydraulic pressure function.There are two water tanks high-order water tower inside, and 2 square ponds, are respectively used to contain seawater and fresh water, at the bottom of pond, are 2.8-3.5m apart from the elevation at circulation channel top, for armored concrete or glass-reinforced plastic material build up, is stamped the ceiling of sunshade above.
(3) connecting pipe:
Have four, the one, input channel, is the pipeline that connects cultivating workshop drain ditch and secondary filter screen pond, imports water treatment system for the sewage that workshop is got rid of, this piping facility has conversion gate, controls water and enters seawater channel or fresh water channel; The 2nd, water lift pipeline, is the pipeline that connects main channel and high-order water tower, and this pipeline is directly connected with the water pump in clear water storehouse, and water pump water lift is imported to high-order water tower; The 3rd, output channel, connects the pipeline of high-order water tower and cultivating workshop system, and this pipeline is connected with the inlet channel of each culturing pool in workshop again, and breeding water is imported to culturing pool; The 4th, internal recycle pipeline, for connecting clear water storehouse and 2 grades of net filter tanks, makes water treatment system form the system of a sealing, and effect is the water in clear water storehouse to be imported to the 2nd grade of net filter tank in the time that water treatment system is carried out alone cycle.
Two, the operation management method of the numerous foster water treatment system of Sungkiang weever of simulate natural ecological environment
(1) workshop and water treatment system cardiopulmonary bypass in beating heart
Every day and culturing pool remove contamination synchronous operation water treatment system of the present invention, i.e. workshop cultivating system and water treatment system systemic circulation.This cyclic process comprises:
1. dark reaction process: the addle that culturing pool is removed, enter the circulation ditch of culturing pool system by the drainage pipeline in pond, now water flow velocity is slow, in dark reaction state.When the end of water inflow circulation ditch, just enter the 1st Ji Wanglv district of system of the present invention, when water passes through this district, large-scale suspension in water, as residual bait or other floating thing, just by block interception filtering, water enters input channel afterwards, then enters seawater channel or fresh water channel by the conversion gate control water on pipeline.In the time that cultivating workshop carries out the circulation in seawater pond and cleaning work, conversion gate, makes input channel connect seawater channel, starts the circulation of Seawater Treatment subsystem; In the time that cultivating workshop carries out the circulation of fresh-water pool and cleaning work, conversion gate, makes input channel connect fresh water channel, starts the circulation of fresh water treatment subsystem.
2. foam separation process: by entering sluice gate control water velocity, make the water that enters water treatment channel form torrent, just can produce a large amount of foams in overboard side, these bubble surfaces can adsorb the various graininess dirts that are carried in water and the organic matter of solubility, herein, by drainage way, dispose discontinuously these foams, reach the object of removing dirt.
This process has substituted the effect of conventional foam (albumen) separator, can greatly reduce cost of investment.
3. coarse sand multistage filtering process: the water separating through foam, through the intensive stratum reticulare in step net filter tank, and layers of sand at different levels in step sand filter, the small-sized and minitype particle thing being loaded with is further filtered and is precipitated, stay in these filter tanks, reached the clean effect of filter.
4. microorganism and scavenger conversion process: in the space of the filtrate such as net sheet and sand in the filter of step net and step sand filter, multiply the animal that has many microorganisms and detritus food chain, as microorganism, micro-algae, protozoa, wheel animalcule, cladocera, aquatic insect and larva, shrimps, oligochaetes, Polychaeta etc., the organic matter that they decompose and picked-up precipitates, be translated into microbes biomass and mineral salt etc., like this, flow out the water of net filter and sand filter, content of organics obviously reduces, and inorganic salt content increases.
5. spontaneous and put grazing food chain conversion process in a suitable place to breed: by the operation of a period of time, in system, can certainly bear various animals, they can form a grazing food chain voluntarily, herd food link by each, complete organic conversion process; Meanwhile, according to the situation of multiplying of food organisms in water, fish of suitably putting high nutrition stratum in a suitable place to breed etc. complete biological treatment process.By the conversion process of above-mentioned food chain, can be end animal organism amount by the organic matter accumulative total in most waters in suspension, more regularly the animal of higher level be shifted out to system, reach and remove organic object in water.
6. Plant Transformation process: annual in different seasons, according to the needs of water treatment, plant all kinds of water plants in plant purification pond, or water planting vegetables, the water of nutritive salt is rich in this pond of flowing through, and transforms by the absorption of plant, fertilizer degree reduces greatly, reaches the object purifying water.
7. fine sand filter process: through the water of said process, enter last filter tank of step sand filter, mix fine sand pond, remove the bulky grain suspension being brought by plant purification pond in water, through fine and closely woven filter process, water cleans free from admixture, substantially can reach national surface water II class water standard.
8. auxiliary UV treatment process: in water lift pipeline stage casing, a set of ultraviolet sterilization device can be installed, clear water storehouse water out, flows through herein, and the microorganisms such as the bacterium of carrying just can be killed, and reach the object further purifying water.By Escherichia coli <1 in water body after the further sterilization of uviol lamp/L, vibrios is counted <1/L(seawater).
(2) alone cycle of water treatment system
This circulation is according to Various Seasonal, or cultivating workshop water consumption number, larger at water treatment system input sewage quantity, or water treatment system internal circulating load is when not enough, open system subcycle.
By the self-loopa of system, can make water treatment procedure fully, effectively, ensure water treatment effect.
(3) seawater subsystem, fresh water subsystem switching controls
Seawater subsystem, fresh water treatment subsystem can independently carry out alone cycle, with the good running status of keeping system.In the time of water treatment system and the parallel running of cultivating workshop system, because aquaculture organism Sungkiang weever is migration species, need to regulate different salinity different seasons, and we can regulate salinity by the uninterrupted of water lift pipeline and the uninterrupted of output channel of controlling sea water and fresh water subsystem.Also can first close a certain subsystem operation, first inject seawater or fresh water, then by injecting fresh water or the seawater of proportioning, thereby reach required salinity.
The present invention is the theory of acting on nature, ecology, the designed water treatment system with building, and tool has the following advantages:
1. economizing type: saved the water treatment instrument equipment of large-scale costliness, greatly reduced investment;
2. convenience type: the principle complexity of employing, science, but operating process is simple, is easy to management;
3. environment-friendly type: by the processing procedure of physics, biology, without any applying of chemicals, real is environmental type, and water safety after treatment is completely secure;
4. energy-saving: with being connected of workshop cultivating system, adopt 1 grade of water lift, the mode of multistage gravity overflow circulates, reduce energy consumption is to minimum.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is water treatment system matter energy flow graph of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is water treatment system plane of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is water treatment system profile of the present invention.
Embodiment
One, the structure of simulated ecological water treatment system
Below cultivating system channel bottom level, build Series of Water mud sump, connect by pipeline one on the other, the step that forms water flows.The water that cultivating system is discharged from first to last flows through on the ground of one-level one-level, finally enters clear water storehouse, and by water pump pump, to high-order water tower, the water of water tower enters cultivating system again and uses, and realizes recycling of whole water system.Whole water treatment system comprises main body irrigation canals and ditches, high-order water tower and connecting water pipe three parts.Wherein the functional unit of main channel composition comprises following 5 parts: step net filter tank, step sand filter, plant purification district, animal purifying area, clear water storehouse.
(1) main channel
1. step net filter tank
Adopt the net sheet of 0.2mm～2mm different pore size, fold and be put in long 6m respectively, in the strip pond of wide 3m, fix for four jiaos of bottom with weight, upper strata minor face is fixed with bamboo pole, and after adding water, net sheet is just freely opened in water layer, forms filtering layer.The present invention has designed respectively three grades of net filter tanks, alternate in step sand filter;
(1) first order net filter tank
Be arranged on the end of workshop blowdown channel, the oral siphon place of nearly link blowdown channel and water treatment system, this net filter tank is that three layers of nylon bolting silk are embedded in respectively the screen frame being made in stainless steel framework, and in every layer of screen frame interval 50～80cm insertion groove, wire side is vertical with current; The size of facing the direction bolting silk mesh of current is followed successively by 80 orders, 100 orders and 150 orders.
(2) second level net filter tank
Be arranged in first pond of water treatment system, the polythene net sheet that 3m is wide, 100m is long is converted into pond in the same size repeatedly, put into pond, four jiaos of net sheet are fixed on respectively four jiaos of seats in pond with weight, it is on 10 cm thick bamboo tubes, to float on the surface that the narrow limit above of net sheet is tied up at diameter, fall with water liter, after the water filling of pond, folding net sheet just freely pulls open in water layer, takes Water space.
(3) the 3rd polar net filter tanks
Position and sand filter of second level net cell compartment, its structure is identical with net filter tank, the second level.
2. step sand filter
Pond by 9 long 6m forms, and is respectively 1 of 1, gravel pond, 1, zeolite pond, 2, coral sand pond, 2, medical stone pond, 2, shell pond and the thin thin zeolite mixing pit of medical stone.Be mainly step biocoenosis purification process, combine multiple filtrate, be aided with simulation circulation, regulation and control hydraulic pressure etc.Be followed successively by from water intake end selection of filtering material: 0.5～1cm gravel, zeolite, shell hodgepodge, coral sand, oyster shell,, medical stone, active carbon.
3. plant purification pond
Large-scale vascular plant has mineral salt in the water body of absorption, increases the effects such as water body dissolved oxygen.By the pond of a long 18m, planting plants as required, selects plantation seawater macrophyte in seawater subsystem, select plantation fresh water macrophyte and water planting greengrocery plant in freshwater system.In freshwater system, can cultivate wild rice stem, tomato, lettuce, cucumber, romaine lettuce, strawberry, lotus rhizome etc.; In sea water service system, can cultivate fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts, undaria pinnitafida etc.Different water plants have different nutritional needs, must select suitable water plants kind according to the feature of water body, its detergent power of guarantee.The cultivation of large-scale vascular plant has not only improved the ecological purification function of whole system, and the product of producing can also produce economic benefit.
4. animal clarifier-tank
In each clarifier-tank, put aquatic animal in a suitable place to breed.Aquatic animal mainly comprises small-sized shrimps, phytophagy fish, filter-feeding fish, scrapes feeding fish.In seawater water treatment system, can cultivate oppossum shrimp, gammarid etc.; In freshwater system, can cultivate freshwater shrimp, Chinese arm tail shrimp etc.This few seed shrimp vitality is strong, and the spectrum of ingesting is wide, can clear up organic debris, algae etc. in water treatment system, can be used as again the high-quality bait of Sungkiang weever.
5. clear water storehouse
Both the pond that had stored the water after above-mentioned several grades are filtered and carry out a biological disposal upon, water is now limpid, clean.Sterilization, the adjusting temperature etc. of can carrying out disinfection in clear water storehouse process.Adopt uviol lamp sterilization technology, by Escherichia coli <1 in water body after the further sterilization of uviol lamp/L; Control water temperature and be no more than the limiting temperature that it is stood, to meet its growth demand safely and fast; Salinity regulates the salinity that need to need according to the different vegetative stages of Sungkiang weever to allocate.
(2) high-order water tower
High-order water tower not only has water storage function, can also play aeration oxygen replenishing function.By water pump, the water pump in clear water storehouse is arrived to high-order water tower, water, flowing and fully contacting with air in impact process, has good aeration oxygen replenishing effect, more than oxygen content can reach 7mg/L in water body after this technique.
(3) connecting pipe
Connecting pipe comprises four, the one, and input channel, the pipeline in connection cultivating workshop drain ditch and secondary net pond, effect is that the sewage that workshop is got rid of imports water treatment system, this piping facility has conversion gate, controls water and enters seawater channel or fresh water channel; The 2nd, water lift pipeline, the pipeline of connection main channel and high-order water tower, this pipeline is directly connected with the water pump in clear water storehouse, and water pump water lift is imported to high-order water tower; The 3rd, output channel, connects the pipeline of high-order water tower and cultivating workshop system, and this pipeline is connected with the inlet channel of each culturing pool in workshop again, and breeding water is imported to culturing pool; The 4th, internal recycle pipeline, connects the pipeline between clear water storehouse and 2 grades of net filter tanks, makes water treatment system form the system of a sealing, and effect is the water in clear water storehouse to be imported to 2 grades of net filter tanks in the time that water treatment system is carried out alone cycle.
The present invention also comprises the water stream channel in the unit pond of circulation channel, and described water stream channel comprises pond bottom pipeline, top, pond overflow wall, water lift pipeline, elevation water pump and aqueduct; Wherein:
1, described pond bottom pipeline, be the bottom at No. 1 and No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4, No. 5 and No. 6, No. 7 and No. 8, No. 9 and No. 10, No. 12 and No. 13 pool wall, the pipeline that embedding several diameters are 12-18cm is water stream channel;
2, top, described pond overflow wall, be the pool wall in No. 2 and No. 3, No. 4 and No. 5, No. 6 and No. 7, No. 8 and No. 9, No. 10 and o.11, o.11 and No. 12 pond, than the low 8-12cm of other pool wall, form water from the mobile passage of Chi Ding;
3, described water lift pipeline is the pipeline that a diameter 25-35cm has been installed between clear water storehouse and high-order water tower, for water extraction is raised to the pipeline in high-order water tower;
4, described elevation water pump, is mounted in clear water storehouse, for the device of water lift;
5, described aqueduct, connects the pipeline of high-order water tower and workshop cultivating system, by this pipeline, will process in each culturing pool of qualified water input cultivating workshop system.
Water treatment system of the present invention, also comprises water flow mode, is designed to four kinds:
(1) enter pond torrent
The current of this water flow mode, are directly to leak into pond by the drainage pipeline of cultivating workshop system, splash a large amount of foams, play the effect of foam separator;
(2) bottom unhurried current
The current of this type of flow, are that the pond bottom pipeline by laying slowly permeates from the head bay of system, flow to downstream bath, and water now fully contacts with the filtering material in full pond, improves treatment effeciency;
(3) top overflow
The current of this type of flow, are the overflow wall by design-build, from the head bay tiling of system and, flow to downstream bath, water now fully contacts with air, reaches the effect of aeration oxygen replenishing;
(4) high-order jet flow
The current of this type of flow, be to form while the water in clear water storehouse being pressed in high-order water tower by water pipe by elevation water pump, because pressure is larger, water is spray regime in the time flowing out the mouth of pipe, in this process, fully contact with air once again, reach the effect that improves dissolved oxygen content.
Two, system management and maintenance
Maintaining the stable of community of aquatic organism is to realize the efficient prerequisite of processing of water quality, because variation, the succession of various ecological factors on community of aquatic organism structure has different impacts, so need to according to circumstances take appropriate measures.
1, cleaned system work
Biocoenosis succession in system, in system, normal metabolism all can produce some superfluous or decay materials, and these material demands are cleaning in time according to circumstances, in order to avoid system is caused to negative effect.To according to circumstances clear up system in time, clear up superfluous organic matter and the thing of decaying, prevent spreading unchecked of indivedual biological species, the collapse of anti-locking system.
Superfluous organic matter cleaning: when the metabolism amount of breed variety is large, cultivation load is higher, and when the conditions such as Illumination are stronger, the aquatile in water treatment system will amount reproduction.If not artificial regulatory in addition, once exceed certain threshold value, whole system will be collapsed.In the case, can prescind a part of large-scale aquatic vascular plant, drag for or elimination part water body in plankton, to prevent spreading unchecked of indivedual kinds.
The thing of decaying cleaning: in system, normal metabolism all can produce the material that some are decayed, and these materials of decaying can produce harmful effect to water quality, need periodic cleaning.
2, nutritive salt regulation and control
Mainly that load regulates according to the life habit of breed variety, cultivation density.In the time that cultivation load is lower, need suitably to add nutritive salt, to maintain stability and the high efficiency of the whole ecosystem.In the time that cultivation load is higher, do not need to add nutritive salt, need to increase phytophagy fish quantity, strengthening system cleaning work, the in time superfluous organic matter of scavenge system.
3, the control of internal circulating load
The internal circulating load of water treatment system need to be adjusted according to different situations, and the factor of reference has as follows: breed variety, cultivation load, the situation of change of biology in system, the variation of the ecological factors such as illumination.
4, the monitoring of chemical measurements of water
Monitor every day to the water of different phase in water treatment system, understands in time biological change dynamic in water treatment system, and main daily monitoring index is as follows: DO, pH, NH
3-N, NO
2-N, COD, SS, transparency, Escherichia coli etc.Adjust in time according to monitoring result, to ensure the long-term high-efficiency operation of water treatment system.
Claims (5)
1. the Sungkiang weever of simulate natural ecological environment is bred an aquaculture water treatment system, it is characterized in that comprising Seawater Treatment subsystem and fresh water treatment subsystem, when operation, according to the different vegetative stages of Sungkiang weever, the needs of salinity is allocated; Two cover treatment subsystem structures are identical with operation logic, but filtrate, cultivation and selection purify water, biological kind is not quite similar; Two cover subsystems include main channel, high-order water tower, connecting pipe three parts; Wherein:
(1) main channel
Main channel is by two long 90-120m, the cement of wide 2.5-3.5m or glass-reinforced plastic material are built and are formed, two main channels are separated into respectively several ponds, are divided into following 5 functional areas: step net filter tank, step sand filter, plant purification district, animal purifying area, clear water storehouse;
(1) step net filter tank: be divided into 3 grades, wherein, the 1st grade of filter screen is arranged on the end of cultivating workshop blowdown irrigation canals and ditches, near water treatment system oral siphon place, 2nd, 3 two-stage filter screens are separately positioned in the 1st and No. 3 pond of main channel, the long 5-6.5m in each pond;
The filter screen in step net filter tank adopts the net sheet of different pore size, realizes filtering function; The 1st grade of filter screen combined by the net sheet in plurality of specifications aperture, and these net sheets are combined to form filtering area, and the net sheet of the 2nd, 3 grades of net filters adopts the net sheet material of common idle call;
The large-scale granular substance of the sewage that step net filter tank is got rid of from cultivating workshop system for physical barrier enters in water treatment system; Meanwhile, net sheet is also some biological attaching substratums, can adhere to varied organisms, and these aufwuches also will participate in breeding water biological treatment process;
(2) step sand filter: by several length be 5-6.5m, one group of pond in main channel forms alternately, specifically comprise: 1 gravel pond, 1 zeolite pond, 2 coral sand ponds, 2 medical stone ponds, 2 shell ponds, 1 mix fine sand pond;
Step sand filter is for physical filtering, and provide multiple biological growthing environment, heterogeneity chiltern filtrate is piled up the filter bed forming, for multiplying the animal of microorganism and detritus food chain, form so-called biomembrane, these biomembranes participate in the mineralization process of water treatment, are mineral salt by the organic substance decomposing in water body; Sand filter blanket is rinsed, is cleaned by the backpurge system being arranged on below, to keep permeability and the biocenological metabolism of its filtration, prevents that it is aging, that is maintains its efficient disposal ability;
(3) plant purification district: be arranged on the position, o.11 pond of water treatment channel, long 16-20m plants all kinds of plants in this pond, by the process of growth of plant, absorb after filtration with mineralization process after the nutritive salt that is rich in water, reduce the fertile degree of water, purify water;
In seawater channel and fresh water channel, select the floristics difference of plantation, in seawater channel, plant sea-plant, in fresh water channel, plant fresh plant;
(4) animal purifying area: except filter screen pond, mixing fine sand pond and clear water storehouse, in other each treatment pond, all inoculate and put corresponding animal in a suitable place to breed, participating in the processing procedure of water;
In seawater channel and fresh water channel, select inoculation different with the animal species of putting in a suitable place to breed, in seawater channel, inoculate and put marine animal in a suitable place to breed, in fresh water channel, inoculate and put in a suitable place to breed fresh water animals;
(5) clear water storehouse: be last pond of main channel, flow to water in this pond treated clean, reach the above standard of national surface water II class water; A water lift water pump is set, for water is directly risen to high-order water tower in clear water storehouse;
(2) high-order water tower
High-order water tower is built in the end of main channel, for carrying into Chi Shui, improves potential energy, has enough pressure to inject the water of cultivating workshop system, makes water keep certain flow and have certain hydraulic pressure; There are two water tanks high-order water tower inside, and 2 square ponds, are respectively used to contain seawater and fresh water, at the bottom of pond, are 2.8-3.5m apart from the elevation at circulation channel top, for armored concrete or glass-reinforced plastic material build up, is stamped the ceiling of sunshade above;
(3) connecting pipe
Have four, the one, input channel, for connecting drain ditch and the secondary filter screen pond of cultivating workshop system, the sewage that cultivation workshop system is got rid of imports water treatment system, and this piping facility has conversion gate, controls water and enters seawater channel or fresh water channel; The 2nd, water lift pipeline, for connecting main channel and high-order water tower, this pipeline is directly connected with the water pump in clear water storehouse, and water pump water lift is imported to high-order water tower; The 3rd, output channel, for connecting high-order water tower and cultivating workshop system, this pipeline is connected with the inlet channel of each culturing pool in cultivating workshop system again, and breeding water is imported to culturing pool; The 4th, internal recycle pipeline, for connecting clear water storehouse and the 2nd grade of net filter tank, makes water treatment system form the system of a sealing, and effect is the water in clear water storehouse to be imported to the 2nd grade of net filter tank in the time that water treatment system is carried out alone cycle.
2. the Sungkiang weever of simulate natural ecological environment according to claim 1 is bred aquaculture water treatment system, it is characterized in that: also comprise the water stream channel in the unit pond of circulation channel, described water stream channel comprises pond bottom pipeline, top, pond overflow wall; Wherein:
(1) described pond bottom pipeline, be the bottom at the pool wall in No. 1 and No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4, No. 5 and No. 6, No. 7 and No. 8, No. 9 and No. 10, No. 12 and No. 13 pond, the pipeline that embedding several diameter is 12-18cm is water stream channel;
(2) top, described pond overflow wall, be the pool wall in No. 2 and No. 3, No. 4 and No. 5, No. 6 and No. 7, No. 8 and No. 9, No. 10 and o.11, o.11 and No. 12 pond, than the low 8-12cm of other pool wall, form water from the mobile passage of Chi Ding.
3. the Sungkiang weever of simulate natural ecological environment according to claim 1 is bred aquaculture water treatment system, it is characterized in that: its water flow mode is designed to four kinds:
(1) enter pond torrent
The current of this water flow mode, are directly to leak into pond by the drainage pipeline of cultivating workshop system, splash a large amount of foams, play the effect of foam separator;
(2) bottom unhurried current
The current of this type of flow, are that the pond bottom pipeline by laying slowly permeates from the head bay of system, flow to downstream bath, and water now fully contacts with the filtering material in full pond, improves treatment effeciency;
(3) top overflow
The current of this type of flow, are the overflow wall by design-build, from the head bay tiling of system and, flow to downstream bath, water now fully contacts with air, reaches the effect of aeration oxygen replenishing;
(4) high-order jet flow
The current of this type of flow, be to form while the water in clear water storehouse being pressed in high-order water tower by water pipe by elevation water pump, because pressure is larger, water is spray regime in the time flowing out the mouth of pipe, in this process, fully contact with air once again, reach the effect that improves dissolved oxygen content.
4. the Sungkiang weever of the simulate natural ecological environment as described in one of claim 1-3 is bred the Operations Management method of aquaculture water treatment system, it is characterized in that comprising: cultivating workshop system and the operation of this water treatment system cardiopulmonary bypass in beating heart; This cyclic process comprises:
(1) dark reaction process: the addle that the culturing pool of cultivating workshop system is cleared out of, enter the circulation ditch of culturing pool system by drainage pipeline wherein, now water flow velocity is slow, in dark reaction state; When the end of water inflow circulation ditch, enter the 1st Ji Wanglv district of this water treatment system, during by this district, large-scale suspension in water, as residual bait or other floating thing, by filter screen interception filtering, water enters input channel afterwards, then enters seawater channel or fresh water channel by the conversion gate control water on pipeline; In the time that cultivating workshop system is carried out the circulation in seawater pond and cleaning work, conversion gate, makes input channel connect seawater channel, starts the circulation of Seawater Treatment subsystem; In the time that cultivating workshop system is carried out the circulation of fresh-water pool and cleaning work, conversion gate, makes input channel connect fresh water channel, starts the circulation of fresh water treatment subsystem;
(2) foam separation process: by entering sluice gate control water velocity, the water that makes to enter main channel forms torrent, makes overboard place produce a large amount of foams, these bubble surfaces can adsorb the various graininess dirts that are carried in water and the organic matter of solubility; Herein, by drainage way, dispose discontinuously these foams;
(3) coarse sand multistage filtering process: the water separating through foam, through the intensive stratum reticulare in step net filter tank, and layers of sand at different levels in step sand filter, the small-sized and minitype particle thing being loaded with is further filtered and is precipitated, and stays in these filter tanks;
(4) microorganism and scavenger conversion process: in the net sheet in step filter screen and step sand filter in the space of filtrate, multiply the animal that has many microorganisms and detritus food chain, the organic matter that they decompose and picked-up precipitates, be translated into microbes biomass and mineral salt, like this, flow out the water of filter screen and sand filter, content of organics reduces, and inorganic salt content increases;
(5) spontaneous and put grazing food chain conversion process in a suitable place to breed: by the operation of a period of time, in system, can certainly bear various animals, they form a grazing food chain voluntarily, herd food link by each, complete organic conversion process; Meanwhile, according to the situation of multiplying of food organisms in water, fish of suitably putting high nutrition stratum in a suitable place to breed etc. complete biological treatment process; By the conversion process of above-mentioned food chain, be end animal organism amount by the organic matter accumulative total in most waters in suspension, more regularly the animal of higher level shifted out to system, remove the organic matter in water;
(6) Plant Transformation process: every year in different seasons, according to the needs of water treatment, plant all kinds of water plants in plant purification pond, or water planting vegetables; Be rich in the current of nutritive salt in the time of plant purification pond, transform by the absorption of plant, fertile degree reduces greatly, further to purify water;
(7) fine sand filter process: through the water of said process, enter last filter tank of step sand filter, mix fine sand pond, remove the bulky grain suspension being brought by plant purification pond in water, through fine and closely woven filtration, make water clean free from admixture, reach national surface water II class water standard;
(8) auxiliary UV treatment process: in water lift pipeline stage casing, a set of ultraviolet sterilization device is installed, clear water storehouse water out, while flowing through herein, the microorganisms such as the bacterium of carrying are killed, further to purify water.
5. Operations Management method as claimed in claim 4, characterized by further comprising: seawater subsystem, fresh water subsystem switching controls;
Seawater subsystem, fresh water treatment subsystem can independently carry out alone cycle, with the good running status of keeping system; In the time of water treatment system and the parallel running of cultivating workshop system, because aquaculture organism Sungkiang weever is migration species, need to regulate different salinity different seasons, therefore, can regulate salinity by the uninterrupted of water lift pipeline and the uninterrupted of output channel of controlling sea water and fresh water subsystem; Or can first close a certain subsystem operation, first inject seawater or fresh water, then inject the proportioning of fresh water or seawater by control, regulate salinity.
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