CN104396882B - Red shoulder ladybug diapause maintenance and long-term storage procedures - Google Patents
Red shoulder ladybug diapause maintenance and long-term storage procedures Download PDFInfo
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- CN104396882B CN104396882B CN201410494317.5A CN201410494317A CN104396882B CN 104396882 B CN104396882 B CN 104396882B CN 201410494317 A CN201410494317 A CN 201410494317A CN 104396882 B CN104396882 B CN 104396882B
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of red shoulder ladybug diapause maintenance and long-term storage procedures, the method is comprised the following steps：1）The red shoulder ladybug for entering diapause status is chosen as diapause maintenance object, the red shoulder ladybug of the state is to enter diapause status in the first emerging adult stage；2）By step 1）The red shoulder ladybug of middle selection is placed under diapause maintenance environment, by regulating and controlling daily light irradiation time, temperature a combination of both, red shoulder ladybug is maintained diapause status；The daily light irradiation time uses the photoperiod（2~6）L:（22~18）D, temperature is 10~15 DEG C, a length of 300~400d during storage.The present invention is by manipulating envirment factor, with reference to necessary treatment measures, realize to excellent predatory natural enemy insect --- the red shoulder ladybug stopping development duration is precisely controlled, and diapause maintenance can exceed 365d, for the anniversary large-scale production of red shoulder ladybug provide technical guarantee.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of red shoulder ladybug diapause maintenance and long-term storage procedures, by the method can store by
The red shoulder grandis adults of diapause, and maintain the diapause long period.
Background technology
China it is annual because caused by agricultural pest crop yield loss be 10-15%, realize that agricultural pest science is controlled
Reason, has important economical, societal benefits for ensureing national food security strategy implementation, promoting agricultural to get bumper crops.Aphid is agriculture
Industry produces the first major pest, and annual nearly 5,000,000,000 dollars of the loss caused by aphid in the whole world, is currently mostly to depend on chemistry to kill
Worm agent preventing and treating aphid class harm.
Prevent and treat agricultural pests during, if depending on chemical pesticide simply, it will bring a series of ecologies, environment,
The negative issue of the aspects such as food security.Due to the long-term use of chemical pesticide, some insects have produced the very strong resistance to the action of a drug, many
The natural enemy for planting insect is largely killed, and causes some Pest rampancies to endanger.Additionally, chemical pesticide can polluted-water, air and soil
Earth, and human body is enriched to by food chain, endanger population health.Using biotechnology come prevention and control pest and disease damage, just can effectively keep away
Exempt from disadvantages mentioned above, thus with wide development prospect.It is exactly one of effective biological control means wherein using natural enemy insect.
Currently a bottleneck problem of natural enemy insect industrialization is both at home and abroad：Natural enemy insect expansion numerous cycle is more long, survival period
It is shorter, the product export time be difficult it is consistent with Injurious insect emergence period, often lead to natural enemy insect occur before with regard to dead, or insect
Natural enemy product is taken place without to can use.So, the development progress for regulating and controlling natural enemy insect product has important practical significance.Realize
Regulation and control to natural enemy insect product development progress, can utilize insect heritability inherently --- diapause just.
Red shoulder ladybug Leis dimidiata (Fabricius) belong to coleoptera ladybirds, come from Palaearctic region, nowadays alive
Boundary the greater part is distributed, China be distributed mainly on Beijing, Jilin, Liaoning, the Inner Mongol, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Sichuan,
The ground such as Ningxia, Yunnan and Tibet, can take food the various aphids (Jing Ying etc., 2002) on crops and fruit tree.Zong Liang Ping etc.
(1988) research finds that red shoulder ladybug likes best predation cotten aphid Aphis gossypii Glover, but to various wheat aphids, jowar
Various aphids such as aphid, soybean aphid Aphis craccivora Koch, acacia aphid Aphis robiniae Macchiati also catch
Food.Ladybug generally eating aphid, but red shoulder ladybug is when aphid lacks, and also takes food tetranychid (Wang Yunhua etc., 1984).It is red
Shoulder ladybug as aphid one of Dominant Natural Enemies, its population quantity is big, and reproduction speed is fast, studies its predation functional responses and is intended to section
Learn and evaluate natural enemy control action, scientific basis is provided to better profit from nature enemy in amount.
In recent years, red shoulder ladybug and achieves significant ecological benefits and warp in many countries by successive development and application
Ji benefit, has played irreplaceable prevention and control effect in the biological control of aphid.But in production application, it is commonly present expansion
Numerous cycle is short, product can not for a long time be stored and can not applied in good time, imaginal diapause and influence the problems such as expanding numerous efficiency, as restriction
The technical bottleneck of red shoulder ladybug large-scale production application.
The content of the invention
For problems of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of red shoulder ladybug diapause maintenance and long-term storage side
Method, by manipulating envirment factor, such as daily light irradiation time, temperature, with reference to necessary treatment measures, are realized to excellent predatism
Natural enemy insect --- red shoulder ladybug stops being precisely controlled for development duration.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
Red shoulder ladybug diapause maintenance and long-term storage procedures, the method are comprised the following steps：
1) the red shoulder ladybug for entering diapause status is chosen as diapause maintenance object, and the red shoulder ladybug of the state sprouts wings just
Adult stage is to enter diapause status；
2) by step 1) in choose red shoulder ladybug be placed under diapause maintenance environment, by regulating and controlling daily light irradiation time, temperature
Degree a combination of both, makes red shoulder ladybug maintain diapause status；The daily light irradiation time uses photoperiod (2~6) L:(22~
18) D, temperature is 10~15 DEG C, a length of 300~400d during storage.
Further, the step 2) in daily light irradiation time use photoperiod 2L:22D, temperature is 13 DEG C, storage duration >=
365d。
Further, the step 2) in also the humidity of diapause maintenance environment is regulated and controled, relative humidity be 70 ±
10%.
Further, the step 1) in just emerging adult be just sprout wings 12 hours within adult.
Further, the diapause maintenance and long-term being stored in growth cabinet are carried out.
Red shoulder ladybug into diapause status can be obtained by following Diapause inducement method.
Red shoulder ladybug Diapause inducement method, the method is comprised the following steps：
1) sensitive period for determining red shoulder ladybug diapause regulation and control is first emerging adult, chooses the red shoulder ladybug conduct of the worm state
Diapause inducement object；
2) by step 1) in choose red shoulder ladybug be placed under Diapause inducement environment, by regulating and controlling daily light irradiation time, temperature
Degree, the combination of total induction duration three, make red shoulder ladybug enter diapause status；The daily light irradiation time using the photoperiod (8~
10)L:(16~14) D, temperature is 13~15 DEG C, successive induction time >=192h.Here 192h refers to 8 days.
Further, the step 2) in daily light irradiation time be 8hr/d, temperature is 13 DEG C, a length of 192h during total induction.
Further, the step 2) in also the humidity of Diapause inducement environment is regulated and controled, relative humidity be 70 ±
10%.
Further, the step 2) in the successive induction time be 240h or 288h.
Further, the step 1) in just emerging adult be just sprout wings 12 hours within adult.
Further, the Diapause inducement is carried out in growth cabinet.
Further, before Diapause inducement object is chosen, the four-age larva, mature larva and pupa time to red shoulder ladybug are real
Short photoperiod treatment is applied, daily light irradiation time is 8~10hr/d.
There is advantages below using the red shoulder ladybug diapause maintenance of above-mentioned technical characteristic and long-term storage procedures：
The present invention is directed to red this excellent predatory natural enemy insect of shoulder ladybug Leis dimidiata (Fabricius),
The invention research using the cytokine regulatory such as photoperiod, thermoperiod worm development progress is carried out, for diapause maintenance and long-term storage
Deposit into and gone system research, realize the control accurate to red shoulder ladybug development progress.The red shoulder stored with diapause status
Ladybug, its shelf life never diapause is extended to 300 days for 30 days, and red shoulder ladybug vitality after Diapause termination is as laid eggs
There are different degrees of raising in power, egg laying amount, spawning duration, life-span etc..Using this technology, whole year production is capable of achieving red
Shoulder ladybug, its product is stored by diapause technology, for the biological control of aphid class pest provides natural enemy product, is enriched
Biological control means, improve the science improvement level of agricultural pests.
Carry out the diapause control technique research of red shoulder ladybug, the extensive of red shoulder ladybug can not only be promoted in production practices
Expand it is numerous, extend its shelf life and the prevention and control action time in field, it helps grasp natural enemy insect development characteristicses with
Occurrence dynamics, improve control of insect efficiency, additionally aid the understanding deepened to natural enemy insect developmental mechanism, explore insect to environment
Adaptation mechanism and evolutionary path.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the ovary displaing micro picture of the red shoulder ladybug female adult of diapause；
Fig. 2 is the ovary canal displaing micro picture of the red shoulder ladybug female adult of diapause；
Fig. 3 is the ovary displaing micro picture of the red shoulder ladybug female adult of non-diapause；
Fig. 4 is the ovary canal displaing micro picture of the red shoulder ladybug female adult of non-diapause；
Fig. 5 is temperature and the photoperiod mutual influence statistical chart made to diapause duration.
Specific embodiment
Further to illustrate the present invention to reach technological means and effect that predetermined goal of the invention is taken, below in conjunction with
Accompanying drawing and preferred embodiment, describe in detail as follows to structure of the invention, workflow.
The present invention be applicant on the basis of many experiments, expend 5 years cultivated, checking is acquired technology into
Really.
1st, time cost：From 2010 so far, 5 years are lasted.
2nd, financial cost：
(1) equipment：Successively purchase growth cabinet 7 (the Ningbo south of the River 500C types), expenditure funds 1.5*7=11.2 ten thousand
Unit；
(2) reagent：Purchase holding test worm population necessary seed, liquid fertilizer, vermiculite, turf, carry out Diapause inducement survey
The necessary chemical reagent of examination, adds up * 5 years=7.5 ten thousand yuan of 1.5 ten thousand yuan/year of funds；
(3) it is artificial：In addition to inventor works, the people of casual labour 2,1200 yuan/month * 10 months * 5 years=6 are still employed
Wan Yuan；
(4) place：Except the experiment using inventor's unit is outdoor, still rents and test greenhouse, solarium, 10,000 yuan of annual cost,
Accumulative 50,000 yuan of funds；
(5) consumptive material：Support the experiment such as worm frame, insect cage, temperature-humidity monitoring instrument, photoperiod monitor, time switch, sunshade net
Consumptive material, adds up * 5 years=7.5 ten thousand yuan of 1.5 ten thousand yuan/year；
(6) water power：It is annual about 0.8 ten thousand yuan * 5 years=40,000 yuan.
Summary, invention input of expecting funds are accumulative 41.2 ten thousand yuan.
(1) present invention needs to choose the red shoulder ladybug for entering diapause status as diapause maintenance object, into diapause status
Red shoulder ladybug can be obtained by Diapause inducement method, for the determination of red shoulder ladybug Diapause inducement method, applicant does
Hereinafter test.
First, the determination of sensitive period is regulated and controled
Red shoulder ladybug is holometabola predatory natural enemy insect, in growth course have ovum, larva, pupa and adult this four
Individual worm state (i.e. stage of development), the development characteristicses of each worm state are far from each other, and such as ovum, pupa does not eat motionless；Larva can only be in aphid
Taken food in pin main body, mobility is very poor；Adult then has wing, can flexibly circle in the air.Actually to the red shoulder ladybug of which worm state
Carry out diapause regulation and control more effective, easier, it is necessary to carry out a series of further investigation.
Tested through field investigation and combination lab screening, it is found that the life stages sensitive that red shoulder ladybug experiences diapause signal is first plumage
Chemical conversion worm, it is determined that using this stage as the sensitive period of Diapause inducement, carries out developmental regulation.
Experiment 1：The sensitive opportunity screening test of regulation and control
At 15 DEG C, illumination long (14hr/d) and short is given respectively by various combination by the different developmental phases of red shoulder ladybug
After illumination (8hr/d) treatment, as a result show：What kind of short photoperiod treatment no matter different developmental phases before adult, carry out,
, there is no diapause in most emerging adults energy normal spawning；And adult stage and all stages of development are placed in short photoperiod bar
When under part, most of female adult can not then lay eggs, into diapause status.
The red shoulder ladybug different developmental phases of table 1 experience illumination (L long：And short photoperiod (S 14L: 10D)：Diapause 8L: 16D)
Rate (15 DEG C)
Note：(L：Refer to 24 hour in illumination 14 hour, (S 14L: 10D)：Refer to 24 hour in illumination 8 hour 8L: 16D).
Research shows that the adult eclosion of red shoulder ladybug is the crucial life stages sensitive of its diapause, and only adult be in it is short
Under illumination condition, adult could enter diapause；Diapause hair of the short photoperiod experience in four-age larva, mature larva and pupa time to adult
Life also has certain facilitation.
It is as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 the ovary and ovary canal of the red shoulder ladybug female adult of diapause；It is female that Fig. 3, Fig. 4 show non-diapause
The ovary and ovary canal of worm.The ovary and ovary that can be seen that the red shoulder ladybug female adult of diapause from Fig. 1, Fig. 2 are still within not sending out
Educate the stage.
2nd, the envirment factor combination of Diapause inducement
By regulating and controlling the photoperiod (i.e.：Daily light irradiation time) and temperature, it is capable of achieving the Diapause inducement of red shoulder ladybug.Screening examination
Test result and show that red shoulder grandis adults are 13 DEG C of temperature, photoperiod L8 in warm light combination condition:D16, inducing sustained 192h are (i.e.：
Total induction duration), can induce red individuality of the shoulder ladybug population more than 90% and enter diapause status.
Experiment 2：Diapause inducement is tested
1. materials and methods：
1.1 selected insect sources and method for breeding
Red shoulder ladybug picks up from Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Langfang proving ground wheatland, and form stabilization through indoor feeding is after from generation to generation
Selected insect source.Ovum, pupa and imago breeding condition are 24 ± 1 DEG C of temperature, relative humidity 70 ± 10%, photoperiod L16:D8；Larva
In being fed in insect cage, condition is 22 DEG C -26 DEG C of temperature, relative humidity is 50%-75%, the photoperiod is L:D=16:8.Foodstuff
It is soybean aphid.
1.2 photoperiods, the Diapause inducement effect of temperature
If the replica test of each 4 level of two factors, carried out in growth cabinet (the Ningbo south of the River RZX500C types), 4
Photoperiod level is respectively L14:D10、L12:D12、L10:D14 and L8:D16,5 temperature levels are respectively 24 DEG C, 21 DEG C, 18
DEG C, 15 DEG C and 13 DEG C；Relative humidity 70 ± 10%.By just sprout wings (in 12 hours) the pairing of adult male and female after raise in being equipped with folding
In the plastic cup (diameter 7cm, 10cm high) of the scraps of paper, rim of a cup cover is with gauze in case test worm is escaped.Often treatment is repeated 3 times, coprocessing
Adult 45 pairs.Day by day feed and the scraps of paper, record female adult preoviposition period and spawning number of individuals are observed and change, until off-test.
The influence of 1.3 Diapause inducement durations
On the basis of foregoing 1.1 and 1.2 result of the tests, it is determined that suitable temperature, photoperiod, (peaceful in growth cabinet
Ripple south of the River RZX500C type) in carry out, carry out 48 to red shoulder ladybug respectively, 94,144,192,240, the successive induction of 288h；Phase
To humidity 70 ± 10%.By just sprout wings (in 12 hours) the pairing of adult male and female after raise it is (straight in the plastic cup for being equipped with folded sheet
Footpath 7cm, 10cm high) in, rim of a cup cover is with gauze in case test worm is escaped.Often treatment is repeated 3 times, coprocessing adult 45 pairs.Day by day see
Feed and the scraps of paper, record female adult preoviposition period and spawning number of individuals are examined and change, until off-test.
2. result and analysis：
Influence of 2.1 photoperiods to Diapause inducement
The Diapause rate of red shoulder grandis adults is as shown in table 2 under the conditions of the different photoperiods, under the conditions of uniform temperature, phase equality of temperature
Under the conditions of degree, imaginal diapause rate generally gradually rises with the shortening of light application time, and adult is stagnant under the conditions of the different photoperiods
Educate between rate and there is significant difference.
The influence of the temperature of table 2 and photoperiod to red shoulder ladybug Diapause inducement
Note：Data are average value ± standard errors in table, and the different letters of same column represent Tukey ' s HSD inspection significant differences (P
<0.05)。
When temperature is more than 18 DEG C, do not occur diapause under each illumination individual；As temperature continues to decline, light irradiation time contracting
It is as short as occurring diapause individuality during 8h；When temperature continues to drop to 15 DEG C, from table 2 it can be seen that the Diapause rate of adult is with illumination
The shortening of duration and gradually increase, increase to the 61.5% of 8h from the 7.1% of 14h, increased 7.7 times.When temperature further declines
During to 13 DEG C, the Diapause rate of adult is all higher under each light irradiation time, and total trend still increases with the shortening of light irradiation time,
When light irradiation time is 10h, 8h, imaginal diapause rate is respectively 91.7%, 93.8%.Therefore lured to red shoulder ladybug product
When leading the practical operation of storage, can be processed using the light irradiation time of 8h-10h, can induce red shoulder ladybug and enter diapause.
Influence of 2.2 temperature to Diapause inducement
Experimental result (table 2) shows that temperature is induced imaginal diapause also to have and significantly affected, and imaginal diapause rate is with temperature
Decline and significantly raise (P<0.05), without the individual appearance of diapause under high temperature (21 DEG C and 24 DEG C)；When being reduced to 18 DEG C with temperature
Start diapause individuality occur, but Diapause rate is very low, only 2.5% (8L: 16D)；When temperature is reduced to 15 DEG C, Diapause rate is
61.5%, the Diapause rate of photoperiod more same than 18 DEG C increased 23.6 times；When temperature further drops to 13 DEG C, Diapause rate reaches
93.8%, most individualities enter diapause status.
Under other photoperiod conditions (14L: 10D, 12L: 12D and 10L: 14D), Diapause rate also rises with temperature reduction.
Additionally, temperature also functions to obvious adjustment effect to the critical photoperiod that imaginal diapause is induced.Imaginal diapause induction at 15 DEG C
Critical light irradiation time is between 8~10hr/d.
To sum up illustrate that low-temperature treatment can induce red shoulder ladybug and enter diapause, and high temperature inhibits diapause to occur, and promotes wooden dipper
The normal development of worm.Under the conditions of 13 DEG C of short photoperiod, 15 DEG C, the Diapause rate of red shoulder ladybug is 61.5%, 93.8%, Diapause rate compared with
Height, can use in production.
2.3 temperature and the reciprocation of photoperiod
At 13 DEG C and 15 DEG C, photoperiod and temperature show the two-way analysis of variance that imaginal diapause is induced, photoperiod (F
=8.420, df=3, P<0.05) with temperature (F=204.978, df=1, P<0.05) have significantly to red shoulder ladybug Diapause rate
Influence, and photoperiod and temperature significant interaction (F=2.408, df=3, P<0.05).When the photoperiod is constant, into
Worm Diapause rate rises with temperature reduction, and temperature is lower, and Diapause rate change is more obvious.And only in certain temperature range, light week
Phase just has a significant impact to diapause.It is indicated above that in red shoulder ladybug Diapause inducement effect, temperature is dominant factor, rises and determine
Property effect；Photoperiod is association factor, is served complementary.Just because of photoperiod and this mutual synergy of temperature,
The red shoulder ladybug of comprehensive regulation enters diapause.
The influence of 2.4 induction times
On the basis of the first two experiment, it is determined that 13 DEG C, L8:The induction combination of D16, carries out luring for different durations respectively
Experiment is led, as a result shows (such as table 3), after successive induction 192h, the Diapause rate of red shoulder ladybug continues to lure up to 93.58%
Sliver part, Diapause rate can increase by a small margin.In view of the factor of financial cost, the proposed combination in production is 13 DEG C of temperature, light
Period L 8:D16, successive induction 192h.
Table 3 induces influence (13 DEG C, L8 of the duration to red shoulder ladybug Diapause inducement:D16)
Note：Data are average value ± standard errors in table, and the different letters of same column represent Tukey ' s HSD inspection significant differences (P
<0.05)。
(2) for red shoulder ladybug diapause maintenance of the invention and the determination of long-term storage procedures, applicant has done following experiment,
Each step of the invention can be verified from following experiment.
Diapause maintenance is premise and the basis for extending natural enemy insect shelf life, is also natural enemy insect developmental regulation and life
Produce the key link for combining.By substantial amounts of experiment, it was demonstrated that 13 DEG C, 2L:The combination condition of 22D is the most favourable, red shoulder ladybug
Diapause storage period, more than 365d, can meet Production requirement completely more than 300d, some individuals diapause storage period.
3rd, diapause maintenance experiment (experiment 3)
1. materials and methods：
1.1 selected insect sources and method for breeding
The influence of 1.2 photoperiods, temperature to diapause duration
From foregoing (1st) part test result, 18 DEG C, 21 DEG C, 24 DEG C when, the Diapause rate extremely low even 0 of adult,
15 DEG C, 14L: 10D Diapause rate it is relatively low, therefore this experiment only count warm light combination condition be 13 DEG C, induce under the conditions of 8L: 16D to
The female adult diapause duration of diapause status.Specific method is as follows：First emerging adult enters through the induction of photoperiod 8L: 16D 192h
After diapause, post-diapause adult is stored under conditions of being respectively placed in following combination：Temperature setting is 15 DEG C, 13 DEG C, 10 DEG C, and the photoperiod sets
It is set to 6L:18D、4L:20D、2L:22D and 0L:24D, method for breeding is the same.Observe and record adult Diapause termination and open daily
Begin the time laid eggs, each treatment observation female adult 30 or so.
1.3 data analyses
Diapause duration depends on the interval between diapause entry time and diapause end time, for experiment just
Profit, the mark that this experiment terminates the first emergence time of adult as diapause entry time, female adult spawning as diapause, i.e., with diapause
The preoviposition period of female adult as adult diapause duration.
Diapause duration data carry out ANOVA variance analyses after being converted through logarithm (LOG10), through Duncans multiple ratios
Significance test is carried out compared with method, statistical analysis software is SAS (V8.0).
Fig. 5 is temperature and the photoperiod mutual influence statistical chart made to diapause duration.
2 results and analysis
Influence of 2.1 photoperiods to the imaginal diapause duration
From fig. 5, it can be seen that regulation and control of the photoperiod to the imaginal diapause duration show obvious quantitative response.10
DEG C, in 13 DEG C and 15 DEG C of temperature conditionss, the different photoperiods have certain influence on the diapause duration of red shoulder ladybug female adult, female
The diapause duration of worm is fallen after rising with the extension of light irradiation time.When photoperiod is 6L: 18D, diapause duration is shorter；With
The shortening of light application time, diapause duration extends, and when the photoperiod being 2L: 22D, diapause duration reaches shape most long
State；Comparatively, stored under completely black dark condition, adult storage period declines while conspicuousness is instead presented.
Regulating and controlling effect of 2.2 temperature to diapause duration
Result shows, under short photoperiod, temperature influences extremely significantly on the imaginal diapause duration, and favors low temperature is in adult
Diapause development, diapause duration extension (Fig. 5).When temperature is 15 DEG C, diapause duration is relatively most short, most short to be
135.3d, up to 160.9d；During with temperature drop to 13 DEG C, diapause period of storage significantly extends, average out to 318.4d, continues
Time, maximum was more than 365.0d；Temperature is further reduced, and now diapause individual death rate is raised, and instead diapause storage period is presented
Reduction trend, most short is 213.5d, up to 264.7d, although the period of storage of 8 months can be reached, individual death rate
It is high.In terms of comprehensive, 13 DEG C when photoperiodic induction diapause intensity than 15 DEG C, 10 DEG C when will be strong.
Regulating and controlling effect of 2.3 temperature to diapause duration
Can be apparent from from Fig. 5, the combination of temperature and photoperiod significantly affects the length of diapause period of storage, i.e. shadow
Ring the length of natural enemy insect shelf life.
In terms of comprehensive, under short photoperiod, temperature influences extremely significantly on the imaginal diapause duration, and favors low temperature is in adult
Diapause development, diapause duration extension (Fig. 5).Optimal diapause maintenance conditional combination is 13 DEG C, 2L:22D, now red shoulder wooden dipper
The diapause maintenance time of worm is most long, and average shelf life is 318.4d, and duration maximum can meet such day more than 365.0d
Enemy's insect anniversary formula expands numerous demand.
Eliminated aphis using red shoulder ladybug is anti-, acted on by the BIOLOGICAL CONTROL in nature, control aphid damage can be continued, will
Aphid density is maintained under economic injury level, with reference to acute chemical emergent management measure is answered, can fundamentally be contained
The harm of aphid class pest, it is of crucial importance that this expands numerous natural enemy insect meaning for the anniversary.
4th, biological assessment experiment (experiment 4) after diapause
1. materials and methods
1.1 selected insect sources and method for breeding：It is such as preceding
1.2 test methods：It is 13 DEG C of temperature, photoperiod L8 in warm light combination condition:D16, inducing sustained 192h, make red shoulder
After ladybug enters diapause state, for examination after storage 150d.To the individuality of diapause state, 24 DEG C of temperature, photoperiod 14L are imposed:10D, hold
The treatment of continuous treatment 72h, makes its complete termination of diapause.Control group：Photoperiod L16:D8,24 DEG C of temperature, relative humidity 70 ±
The adult of the first emergence (in 12 hours) raised under the conditions of 10% is used as control.100 female adults for the treatment of, 3 repetitions.Count respectively
Its longevity of male, the female adult life-span, female adult preoviposition period, spawning duration, 30 days in total egg laying amount, egg hatching rate, evaluate it is stagnant
Educate rear biological indicator.
1.3 data analyses：Variance analysis is carried out using the ANOVA in SAS V8 statistical softwares, significance test of difference is adopted
Differential method is newly answered with Duncan ' s.
2 results and analysis
Biological evaluation after 2.1 body diapause
Generally, diapause experience has on the history of life parameter of insect and significantly affects, to improve the vitality of population,
Diapause individual need pays certain cost, is reflected on the biological characteristicses such as the fecundity of post diapause adult, life-span.
The red shoulder grandis adults of diapause are lived through, the life-span of female adult and male worm slightly has extension, before the female adult spawning after diapause
Phase slightly has extension, and the spawning duration is dramatically increased, and total egg laying amount of female adult is significantly raised in 30 days, and the incubation rate of ovum rises.
Above-mentioned description of test, lifting is obtained for by red its vitality of shoulder ladybug after diapause, biological control potential,
It is favourable that diapause is experienced to biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion product.
The history of life parameter (24 DEG C) of red shoulder ladybug post diapause adult under the different photoperiods of table 4
Note：Imaginal diapause inducing treatment be 13 DEG C under the conditions of just emerging adult through photoperiod L8:D16, successive induction
192h.CK represents that warm light combines 24 DEG C, L16:The adult treatment raised under D8, data are average value ± standard error, data in table
Afterwards lowercase letter indication difference significantly (p<0.05).
It is described above simply to illustrate that of the invention, it is understood that the invention is not limited in above example, meet
The various variants of inventive concept are within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. red shoulder ladybug diapause maintenance and long-term storage procedures, it is characterised in that：The method is comprised the following steps：
1) the red shoulder ladybug for entering diapause status is chosen as diapause maintenance object, and the red shoulder ladybug of the state is in first emerging adult
Stage is to enter diapause status；
2) by step 1) in choose red shoulder ladybug be placed under diapause maintenance environment, by regulating and controlling daily light irradiation time, temperature two
The combination of person, makes red shoulder ladybug maintain diapause status；The daily light irradiation time uses photoperiod 2L:22D, temperature is 13 DEG C,
Storage duration 365d~400d；
The step 2) in also the humidity of diapause maintenance environment is regulated and controled, relative humidity be 70 ± 10%.
2. maintenance according to claim 1 and long-term storage procedures, it is characterised in that：The step 1) in just emerging adult
It is the adult within just sprouting wings 12 hours.
3. maintenance according to claim 1 and long-term storage procedures, it is characterised in that：The diapause maintenance and long-term storage
Carried out in growth cabinet.
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