CN104770189B - Method for planting ramie on rice field ridges to increase natural enemies of insect pests in rice field - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planting ramie on rice field ridges to increase natural enemies of insect pests in a rice field. Ramie is planted on the ridges around the rice field, varieties of the ramie are Xiangzhu 3# and Zhongzhu 1#, ramie stocks of ramie of second instar and older are planted at plant intervals of 35 to 50cm, the ramie is planted within 10 to 30 days after the transplantation of rice, and the rice field is managed according to the normal level. Two-year field tests show that by the ramie ridges, the species and the individual number of arthropods are increased by 20 percent and 17 percent respectively, the individual number of the natural enemies of the insect pests, such as spiders and parasitic wasps, are increased by 14 percent and 31 percent respectively, and great effects on the storage and the development of the species of the natural enemies of the insect pests in the rice field are achieved.

Description

A kind of paddy ridge plants the method that Boehmeria increases rice pest natural enemy

Technical field

The present invention relates to agriculture field is and in particular to a kind of increase rice pest sky by planting Boehmeria in paddy ridge The method of enemy.

Background technology

In recent years paddy ecosystem species and variety diversity simplify the establishing in large scale so that single rice makees for a long time Result in Oryza sativa L. the height of pesticide and chemical fertilizer is relied on, the resistivity of disease pest and weed declines, and the problems such as environmental pollution.Rice The minimizing of field ecosystem bio-diversity is one of major reasons of insect population outbreak such as induction planthopper.Rice field and its week There are to the ridge weeds enclosing more total predator species, ridge weeds ground around rice field etc. can be from rice field In the predacious arthropod natural enemy moved out provide and keep away shield place, can be not only that natural enemy provides and substitutes food, can act also as physics Barrier insect, tall and big plant can effectively stop insect from invading main cultivation crop, and such as relatively tall and big Semen Tritici aestivi is given birth in Cotton Gossypii Long early stage can be invaded with effectively shielding alatae, thus postponing and reduce generation and the harm of aphid.Therefore, can be by changing The mutual relation to change insect and natural enemy in paddy ecosystem for the vegetation composition and other feature around land for growing field crops, to improve sky The control of hostile insect.

But, the selection of crop around land for growing field crops should take into account economic well-being of workers and staff and survival rate of plant.Plant economic crops permissible Improve farming income, food variety can also be enriched, especially plantation native breed can improve the operability of farming, easily quilt Tiller accepts, and removes from simultaneously and introduces a fine variety the species invasion risk that may bring and high cost.Therefore, how to select to make around land for growing field crops Thing becomes current matter of utmost importance.

The present inventor is chosen at the Boehmeria extensively planted in Hunan as the crop of paddy ridge, studies it to arthropod group The impact falling, promotes injurious insect control effect in rice field significant to improving the ecological environment.

Content of the invention

The technical problem to be solved is: for the simplification of existing paddy ecosystem species and diversification of varieties The series of problems being brought, and provide a kind of paddy ridge to plant the method that Boehmeria increases rice pest natural enemy, to change rice field In ecosystem, insect and the mutual relation of natural enemy, improve the control of the hostile insect in sky.

In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of paddy ridge plantation Boehmeria increases Plus the method for rice pest natural enemy, be characterized in, the method be by ramie planting around the rice field managing by normal mode Ridge, Boehmeria carries out conventional cultivation, increases the species of pest natural enemy by increasing ridge arthropod species and individual amount And individual amount.

The kind that described Boehmeria adopts is Hunan ramie three and middle ramie one, and ramie planting position is two ages and two more than age The numb root and stem of certain plants, plant, away from for 35-50cm, is planted in the 10-30 days after rice transplanting.

The present invention plants Boehmeria by ridge around rice field so that Boehmeria ridge arthropod species quantity and individuality Sum all increases, and Boehmeria ridge arthropod multiformity and evenness index are all higher than weeds ridge, and group is relatively stable.Ramie On numb ridge, the rice grub natural enemy such as species quantity such as Aranea, parasitic wasp and individual sum all dramatically increase, and the plantation of Boehmeria is not It is only capable of providing habitat for rice pest natural enemy, Boehmeria ridge more can provide kind of a storehouse for paddy field spider, parasitic wasp, to rice grub The preservation of natural enemy populations and development have great impact, and have itself economic worth.Generally speaking, rice field ridge kind fiber crops can rise Effect to ecological pest controlling.

Specific embodiment

1 materials and methods

1.1 test site

Test is carried out on the block of Changsha Liuyang City Bei Sheng town oolong community fertility uniform rice field nature mound, and this ground belongs to Subtropical zones monsoon moist climate, 16-18 DEG C of average temperature of the whole year, 5000-5500 DEG C of >=10 DEG C of active accumulated temperature, frost-free period 260- 320d, annual rainfall 1200-1500mm.The reddish yellow mud rice soil that soil types is developed for Quaternary Red Clays, soil is organic Matter 35.51g/kg, full nitrogen 1.80g/kg, full phosphorus 0.90g/kg, full potassium 12.21g/kg, available nitrogen 150.02mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 30.48mg/kg, available potassium 137.72mg/kg, front stubble is fallow field.

1.2 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

3 pieces of each random selection in conventional rice field and ridge culture ladder type rice field, the long 65m of each cell (rice field), wide 26.5m, area For 1722m².At least it is spaced one piece of rice field, each cell is all surrounded by the wide ridge of 0.5m between cell.

Rice varieties are excellent No. 1 of y two, and conventional water in field rice culturable standard carries out by when ground mode, seeding row spacing be 20cm × 23cm；It is 15cm (4 plants/ridge) × 23cm that seeding row spacing is transplanted in ridge culture ladder type rice field, and June 15 transplanted.

Ramee variety is Hunan ramie three and middle ramie one, and material is derived from Agricultural University Of Hunan's Boehmeria institute.Plant away from For 40cm.Plantation position is the numb root and stem of certain plants of two age fiber crops, and each cell ridge plants Boehmeria about 240 root and stem of certain plants (being about 100m), and June 25 moved Plant.During investigation, normal mode management is pressed in rice field, and ridge weeds coverage is preferable.

1.3 arthropod population quantity investigation methods

Using 3 point samplings, sampled with pest sucking device, each sampling point randomly selects 1m²Crop (Boehmeria, weeds).Boehmeria moves Plant latter 10 days, 30 days, 50 days, sampling in 70 days.Every kind of ridge crop (Boehmeria, weeds) is acquired from bottom to top, and sampling terminates Rapidly sample is taken back laboratory afterwards, alcohol-pickled with 75%-80%, carry out final proof, classification and counting afterwards.2013-2014 The investigation of continuous 2 years of year.

1.4 data analysiss

After every sample processing selective examination is merged, calculate index of species diversity species richness (s), individual amount (n), thing Species diversity index (h ') and evenness index (e).

$h^{\′}=-\underset{i=1}{\overset{s}{\σ}}\left(pi\right)\left(\ln pi\right),pi=\frac{ni}{n};e=\frac{h^{\′}}{h\max }=\frac{h^{\′}}{\ln s}$

Wherein pi is the probability of i-th species individuality sum, and s is the richness of group, i.e. total Number of Species in group；ni Individual sum for i-th species in group；N is the individual sum of all species in group.2 results and analysis

2.1 arthropod species compositions and diversity indices

By table 1 below as can be seen that Boehmeria ridge in 2013 collects 43 kinds and 40 kinds of arthropod species, weeds field respectively The ridge collects 33 kinds and 32 kinds of arthropod species respectively.Most with Araneida and Hymenoptera class Natural Enemies in natural enemy, mainly It is Aranea and parasitic wasp；More with Homoptera, Lepidoptera, Semiptera species in insect；And with dipteral insect in neutral insects Based on.Conventional field Boehmeria ridge arthropod individuality total quantity at most, is 2338；Ridge culture ladder type rice field Boehmeria ridge takes second place, and is 2038.The individual amount of relatively species finds, brown paddy plant hopper, white backed planthopper and leafhopper, the population quantity of Mirid, cyrtorhinus are in insect In have comparative advantage；Micro- spider, ball spider etc. account for predominance in natural enemy.Analysis understands further, ridge culture ladder type rice field Boehmeria field The diversity indices highest on the ridge, is 1.87；Conventional field Boehmeria ridge takes second place, and is 1.72.Ridge culture ladder type rice field Boehmeria ridge equal Even sex index highest, is 0.51；Conventional rice field Boehmeria ridge takes second place, and is 0.46.

Boehmeria ridge collects 40 kinds and 36 kinds of arthropod species respectively within 2014, and weeds ridge collects segmental appendage respectively 25 kinds and 33 kinds of animal species.Most with Araneida and Hymenoptera class Natural Enemies in natural enemy；With Homoptera, squama wing in insect Mesh, Semiptera species are more；And in neutral insects based on dipteral insect.Ridge culture ladder type rice field Boehmeria ridge arthropod Body total quantity (1976) at most, take second place by conventional rice field Boehmeria ridge (1911).Analysis understands further, ridge culture ladder type rice field Boehmeria The diversity indices highest of ridge, is 1.98；Conventional field weed ridge takes second place, and is 1.93.Conventional weeds in paddy field ridge uniform Sex index highest, is 0.60, and ridge culture ladder type rice field Boehmeria ridge takes second place, and is 0.54.

In conjunction with two annual datas, the total Number of Species of Boehmeria ridge increases by more than 20%, and individual total quantity increases by more than 17%.Ramie Numb ridge arthropod diversity indices and evenness index are substantially all more than weeds ridge, show that group is relatively stable.

The different ridge arthropod multiformity of table 1

2.2 natural enemy species compositions and diversity indices

In different habitats, the species composition of arthropod natural enemy has certain difference, but natural enemy is with Araneida and film wing Mesh class predominant number, Araneida is more with ball spider quantity；Hymenoptera is more with parasitic wasp quantity.As shown by data primary pest sky The species number of enemy is Boehmeria ridge ＞ weeds ridge；The individual amount of primary pest natural enemy is conventional field Boehmeria ridge ＞ ridge culture ladder Formula rice field Boehmeria ridge ＞ routine field weed ridge ＞ ridge culture ladder type weeds in paddy field ridge.

Conventional two kinds of field ridge compares within 2013, and the tarantula quantity of Boehmeria ridge is 1.3 times of weeds ridge, ball spider quantity It it is 1.7 times, micro- spider quantity is 1.7 times, Tetragnathidae is 1.2 times, ware spider is 2.4 times, parasitic wasp is 1.1 times.Ridge culture ladder type rice field two Plant ridge to compare, the tarantula quantity of Boehmeria ridge is 1.1 times of weeds ridge, and ball spider quantity is 1.3 times, and micro- spider quantity is 1.1 Times, parasitic wasp is 1.2 times.

Conventional two kinds of field ridge compares within 2014, and the tarantula quantity of Boehmeria ridge is 1.4 times of weeds ridge, ball spider quantity It it is 1.4 times, micro- spider quantity is 1.2 times, parasitic wasp is 1.2 times.Two kinds of ridge culture ladder type rice field ridge compares, the tarantula of Boehmeria ridge Quantity is 1.4 times of weeds ridge, and ball spider quantity is 1.4 times, and micro- spider quantity is 1.2 times, and Tetragnathidae is 1.3 times, and parasitic wasp is 1.1 Times.

In conjunction with two annual datas, Boehmeria ridge the pest natural enemy such as species such as Aranea, parasitic wasp and individual amount are than weeds ridge Increased 14% and 31% respectively.Illustrate, Boehmeria ridge can provide kind of a storehouse for paddy field spider, parasitic wasp, to rice grub natural enemy The preservation of population and development have great impact.Boehmeria can not only be rice pest natural enemy provide habitat, also have simultaneously through Ji is worth.Show, ridge kind fiber crops can play the effect of ecological pest controlling.

The different ridge primary pest natural enemy quantity of table 2

Claims (4)

1. a kind of paddy ridge plants Boehmeria increases the method for rice pest natural enemy it is characterised in that the method is by Boehmeria kind Plant in the rice field ridge managing by normal mode, Boehmeria carries out conventional cultivation, by increasing ridge arthropod species and individuality Quantity is increasing species and the individual amount of pest natural enemy.

2. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of paddy ridge plant Boehmeria increase rice pest natural enemy method it is characterised in that Described ramee variety is Hunan ramie three and middle ramie one.

3. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of paddy ridge plant Boehmeria increase rice pest natural enemy method it is characterised in that Described ramie planting position is the two ages and two numb root and stem of certain plants more than age.

4. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of paddy ridge plant Boehmeria increase rice pest natural enemy method it is characterised in that Described ramie planting spacing in the rows is 35-50cm, is planted in the 10-30 days after rice transplanting.