CN104395134A - 用于电动车辆的充电控制装置 - Google Patents

用于电动车辆的充电控制装置 Download PDF

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CN104395134A
CN104395134A CN201380033829.5A CN201380033829A CN104395134A CN 104395134 A CN104395134 A CN 104395134A CN 201380033829 A CN201380033829 A CN 201380033829A CN 104395134 A CN104395134 A CN 104395134A
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山崎泰由
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    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L2210/00Converter types
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/36Temperature of vehicle components or parts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

当驱动电池(11)充电时,直流-直流转换器(20)的所述输出电压被设定成第一预定电压(例如,14.4V),在第一预定电压下即使辅助电池(19)的温度是高的,热逸散也不发生并且在第一预定电压下即使辅助电池(19)的温度是低的,辅助电池(19)也能够被充电。在辅助电池(19)的预热操作期间,直流-直流转换器(20)的输出电压设定成低于第一预定电压的第二预定电压(例如,14.3V)。当车辆(10)行驶时,直流-直流转换器(20)的输出电压设定成低于第二预定电压的第三预定电压(例如,14.2V)。如果灯(17)点亮,直流-直流转换器(20)的输出电压被设定成第四预定电压(例如,13.9V)。

Description

用于电动车辆的充电控制装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于电动车辆的充电控制装置,并且更具体地,涉及用于辅助电池的充电控制。
背景技术
常规的电动车辆,诸如使用电动马达用于行驶的电动汽车或者混合式汽车,配备有两种类型的蓄电池,即,存储用于驱动电动马达的高压电力的高压电池(驱动电池),和存储用于驱动车辆的辅助设备诸如灯的低压电力的低压电池(辅助电池)。驱动电池由来自位于车辆外侧的外部充电装置供应的电力充电。当辅助电池经由电压转换器(直流-直流转换器)被供应来自驱动电池的电力时辅助电池被充电,电压转换器(直流-直流转换器)用于将高压电力转换为低压电力。
辅助电池大致包含铅酸性蓄电池并且在充电期间产生热。同样,随着环境温度或者辅助电池本身的温度上升,最高容许电压降低,辅助电池在最高容许电压和低于最高容许电压下能够充电,并且如果充电在高于最高容许电压的电压下执行,那么该充电会加剧发热,引起热逸散(热失控),在热逸散(热失控)中,辅助电池的温度变得不可控制。进一步,随着环境温度或者辅助电池本身的温度降低,最低容许电压上升,辅助电池在最低容许电压和高于最低容许电压下能够充电,并且在充电在低于最低容许电压的电压下执行的情况下,辅助电池不能被充电,引起充电不足。
专利文献1公开了用于电动车辆的电力系统,在该电力系统中,辅助电池的温度由温度传感器等等检测并且充电电压根据辅助电池的温度可变地设置。
然而,不希望使用温度传感器检测辅助电池的温度,因为这样导致增加成本。
在专利文献2中,辅助电池(低压电池)的状态被确定并且充电电压依据由引擎冷却水温度传感器检测的引擎冷却水温度和由外部空气温度传感器检测的外部空气温度而被设置,代替使用温度传感器检测辅助电池的温度,抑制由于使用额外的温度传感器导致的成本的增加。
引用列表
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开专利申请No.2012-10503
专利文献1:日本特开专利申请No.2008-86060
发明内容
技术问题
在专利文献2中公开的用于汽车电池的充电控制装置中,辅助电池的状态被确定并且充电电压根据由引擎冷却水温度传感器提供的检测结果被设置。
然而,在电动汽车单独地使用电动马达用于行驶的情况下,不安装引擎,并且因此不能根据由这种引擎冷却水温度传感器提供的检测结果估计辅助电池的预热状态。
因此难以根据辅助电池的预热状态可变地设置用于辅助电池的充电电压,从而从驱动电池输出的电力量可能增加,引起驱动电池的电力消耗增加。
本发明是为了解决以上问题,并且本发明的目的是提供一种用于电动车辆的充电控制装置从而充电能够在抑制驱动电池的电力消耗的同时被可靠地执行。
解决问题的方案
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供一种用于电动车辆的充电控制装置,包括:第一蓄电池,该第一蓄电池利用从位于车辆外部的电力供应装置供应的电力充电并且将电力供应到用于驱动车辆的电动马达;电压转换单元,该电压转换单元降低从第一蓄电池输出的电力的电压;第二蓄电池,该第二蓄电池利用从电压转换单元输出的电力充电并且将电力供应到车辆的辅助设备;和电压设定单元,该电压设定单元设定电压转换单元的输出电压,其中,在车辆和电力供应装置彼此电连接的情况下、当第一蓄电池正在被充电时,电压设定单元将电压转换单元的输出电压设定为第一预定电压,并且在车辆与电力供应装置的电连接断开的情况下,当车辆启动时,电压设定单元将电压转换单元的输出电压设定为小于第一预定电压的第二预定电压,以给第二蓄电池充电(权利要求1)。
优选地,在第二蓄电池预热的预定时间过后,电压设定单元将电压转换单元的输出电压设定为小于第二预定电压的第三预定电压(权利要求2)。
同样,电压设定单元根据从电压转换单元从操作状态到非操作状态的转换至电压转换单元的操作状态恢复为止的时期的长度,改变该预定时间。(权利要求3)。
发明的有益效果
对于根据本发明的充电控制装置,当充电通过电力供应装置执行时,电压转换单元的输出电压被设定成第一预定电压,并且当充电没有通过电力供应装置执行时,电压转换单元的输出电压设置成低于第一预定电压的第二预定电压。因此,当车辆能够由来自外部的电力供应时,电压转换单元的输出电压能够设置成足够的高压。另一方面,当车辆不能由来自外部的电力供应时,考虑到第一蓄电池的电力消耗量,第二蓄电池在较低的输出电压下充电,从而第一蓄电池的电力消耗能够被最小化(权利要求1)。
同样,当车辆行驶时,电压转换单元的输出电压被设定成低于第二预定电压的第三预定电压,并且因为从驱动电池抽取更少的电力,能够进一步减少第一蓄电池的电力消耗(权利要求2)。
进一步,预定时间根据从电压转换单元从操作状态到非操作状态的转换至电压转换单元的操作状态恢复为止的时期的长度而改变。因此,例如在车辆停止,然后在短时期内再次行驶并且因此当车辆再次行驶时第二蓄电池的预热已经完成的情形下,预定时间可以被缩短以缩减第二蓄电池的预热操作。
因为能够减小从第一蓄电池的电力的抽取,能够进一步减少第一蓄电池的电力消耗(权利要求3)。
附图说明
图1图解了根据本发明的用于电动车辆的充电控制装置的简略的构造。
图2图解了在根据本发明的充电控制装置中的直流-直流转换器的输出电压的示范性的时间变化。
具体实施方式
将参考附图描述本发明的实施例。
图1图解了根据本发明的用于电动车辆的充电控制装置的简略的构造。在图中,实线表示高压电路13,虚线表示低压电路22,并且点划线表示充电电缆31。图2图解了在根据本发明的充电控制装置中的直流-直流转换器的输出电压的示范性的时间变化。在图2中,(a)表示驱动电池11由来自位于车辆外侧的外部充电装置30供应的电力充电的时期,即,驱动电池11的充电持续时间,(b)表示辅助电池19的预热操作的时期,并且(c)表示车辆10行驶的时期。当车辆10的主电源打开(ON)时,预热操作启动,并且当经过了预定时间(例如,40分钟)时终止。预定时间通过实验等等被预先确定。同样,在图2中,(e)和(h)都表示灯17点亮的时期。进一步,在图2中,直流-直流转换器20的输出电压是“0”(零)的时期是车辆10的主电源被关闭(OFF)的时期。在下文中,将描述用于电动车辆的充电控制装置的构造。
如图1所示,应用根据本发明的充电控制装置的车辆10是电动车辆。作为行驶装置,车辆10配备有马达(电动马达)15,马达(电动马达)15经由高压电路13被供应来自驱动电池(第一蓄电池)11的高压电力并且马达(电动马达)15的操作由逆变器14控制。驱动电池11能够通过车载充电器16利用来自外部充电装置(电力供应装置)30的充电电缆31充电,外部充电装置(电力供应装置)30连接到车辆10的充电入口盖。当经由低压电路22被供应来自辅助电池(第二蓄电池)19的低压电力时,车辆10的灯(辅助设备)17和其他的辅助设备18运行。
如图1所示,本发明的充电控制装置包含:驱动电池11,该驱动电池11安装在车辆10上;车载充电器16;灯17;辅助电池19;直流-直流转换器(电压转换单元)20;和电子控制单元(电压设定单元)21(以下称为EV—ECU),电子控制单元(电压设定单元)21是用于执行车辆10的整体控制的控制装置并且包括输入/输出设备、存储装置(只读存储器、随机存储器、非易失随机存储器等等)和中央处理单元(CPU)。个别的装置是电连接的。
驱动电池11是诸如锂离子二次电池的二次电池。同样,驱动电池11包含:由多个模块组成的电池模块,多个模块中的每一个都包括与用于监控电池的电池单元监控单元关联的多个电池单元;和电池监控单元(以下称为BMU)12,该电池监控单元12用于根据电池单元监控单元的输出监控温度、电池模块的剩余容量等等。当驱动电池11经由车载充电器16被供应来自外部充电装置30的高压电力(例如,300V直流电),驱动电池11充电。同样,驱动电池11经由逆变器14将电力供应至马达15或者经由直流-直流转换器20将电力供应至辅助电池19。
在将被供应到其的电压转换为能够存储在驱动电池11中的电压之后,车载充电器16将来自外部充电装置30的电力供应至驱动电池11。
灯17是安装在车辆10的前部的车头灯。灯17响应驾驶者操纵或者根据来自EV-ECU21的信号而操作。
辅助电池19是诸如铅酸蓄电池的二次电池。当辅助电池19经由直流-直流转换器20被供应来自驱动电池11的低压电力时,辅助电池19被充电。同样,辅助电池19经由低压电路22供应低压电力到灯17、EV-ECU21和诸如方向指示器的车辆10的辅助设备18。
直流-直流转换器20将从驱动电池11供应的电力的电压转换成电力能够存储在辅助电池19中并且被供应到灯17、EV-ECU21和车辆10的辅助设备18诸如方向指示器的电压,并且经由辅助电池19将已转换的电力供应到灯17和辅助设备18。直流-直流转换器20的输出电压由EV-ECU21控制。
用于执行车辆10的整体控制的控制装置EV-ECU21,包含输入/输出设备,存储装置(只读存储器、随机存储器、非易失随机存储器等等)、中央处理单元(CPU)和计时器。
EV-ECU21的输入侧与驱动电池11的上述BMU12、逆变器14、车载充电器16和直流-直流转换器20连接,并且被输入由这些装置检测的信息。
另一方面,EV-ECU21的输出侧连接到逆变器14、灯17、辅助设备18和直流-直流转换器20。
EV-ECU21根据驱动电池11是否正在被充电、车辆行驶或者停止和灯17是否点亮而可变地控制直流-直流转换器20的输出电压。具体地,如图2所示,当驱动电池11正在由外部充电装置30充电时,直流-直流转换器20的输出电压设置成第一预定电压(例如,14.4V),第一预定电压是上限电压,在上限电压和低于上限电压下,即使辅助电池19的温度是高的也不引起热逸散(热失控)(图2中的(a))。第一预定电压可以设置成期望值,只要在该设定电压下即使辅助电池19的温度是高的也不引起热逸散(热失控),并且第一预定电压可以是接近上限电压的电压。在辅助电池19的预热操作的时期的期间,该时期为从直流-直流转换器20随着车辆10的主电源打开而操作的启动直到经过整个预定时间(例如,40分钟),直流-直流转换器20的输出电压被设置成低于第一预定电压的第二预定电压(例如,14.3V)(在图2中的(d)和(f))。当车辆10行驶时,直流-直流转换器20的输出电压设定成低于第二预定电压的第三预定电压(即,14.2V)(在图2中的(g))。如果在辅助电池19的预热操作期间或者车辆10的行驶期间灯17点亮,直流-直流转换器20的输出电压设定成低于第三预定电压的第四预定电压(例如,13.9V)(在图2中的(e)和(h))。
因此,对于根据本发明的充电控制装置,当驱动电池11正在被充电时,直流-直流转换器20的输出电压设定成第一预定电压(例如,14.4V),第一预定电压是上限电压,在上限电压和低于上限电压下,辅助电池19热逸散(热失控)不发生,或者设定成接近上限电压的电压。因此能够省略通过温度传感器等等对辅助电池组19的温度的检测,因此抑制由于设置温度传感器等等的成本的增加,并且防止由于充电产生的热导致的辅助电池19的温度变得不可控制的热逸散的发生,以及由于由辅助电池19的低温引起的直流-直流转换器20的输出电压的不足的充电不足的发生。
同样,因为辅助电池19由设置成或者接近上限电压的输出电压充电,能够有效地给辅助电池19充电,在上限电压下,热逸散不发生。
进一步,在辅助电池19的预热操作时期的期间,直流-直流转换器20的输出电压被设定成低于第一预定电压的第二预定电压(例如,14.3V),在该预热操作时期驱动电池11不被充电。因为从驱动电池11抽取更少的电力,驱动电池11的电力消耗能够减少。因此,通过马达15行驶的距离能够增加。
进一步,在车辆10的行驶期间,直流-直流转换器20的输出电压设定成低于第二预定电压的第三预定电压(例如,14.2V),并且因为从驱动电池11抽取更加少的电力,能够进一步减少驱动电池11的电力消耗。
同样,辅助电池19的预热操作的时期被设定成当直流-直流转换器20随着车辆10的主电源打开而启动操作时开始,并且当预定时间(例如,40分钟)经过时终止,并且因此,辅助电池19的预热能够在不使用温度传感器等等的情况下容易地被确定。
虽然上文中已描述了本发明的实施例,但是应该注意的是,本发明并不局限于上述实施例。
例如,在上述实施例中,预定时间是固定的,但是设定预定时间的方式不特殊地限制并且预定时间可以用不同的方法设置。例如,预定时间可以根据从直流-直流转换器20从可操作状态至不可操作状态的转换至直流-直转换器20的操作状态的恢复为止的时期的长度而变化,从而例如在车辆10停止,然后在短时期内再次行驶的情况下,预定时间被缩短以缩减辅助电池19的预热操作。在这种情况下,能够减少从驱动电池11抽取电力并且进一步抑制驱动电池11的电力消耗。
参考符号目录
10:车辆
11:驱动电池(第一蓄电池)
15:马达(电动马达)
17:灯(辅助设备)
18:辅助设备
19:辅助电池(第二蓄电池)
20:直流-直流转换器(电压转换单元)
21:EV-ECU(电压设定单元)
30:外部充电装置(电力供应装置)

Claims (3)

1.一种用于电动车辆的充电控制装置,其特征在于,包含:
第一蓄电池,所述第一蓄电池利用从位于所述车辆外部的电力供应装置供应的电力充电,并且将电力供应到用于驱动所述车辆的电动马达;
电压转换单元,所述电压转换单元降低从所述第一蓄电池输出的电力的电压;
第二蓄电池,所述第二蓄电池利用从所述电压转换单元输出的电力充电,并且将电力供应到所述车辆的辅助设备;和
电压设定单元,所述电压设定单元设定所述电压转换单元的输出电压;
其中,在所述车辆和所述电力供应装置彼此电连接的情况下、当所述第一蓄电池正在被充电时,所述电压设定单元将所述电压转换单元的所述输出电压设定为第一预定电压;并且
在所述车辆与所述电力供应装置的电连接断开的情况下、当所述车辆启动时,所述电压设定单元将所述电压转换单元的所述输出电压设定为小于所述第一预定电压的第二预定电压,以给所述第二蓄电池充电。
2.如权利要求1所述的充电控制装置,其特征在于,其中:
在所述第二蓄电池预热的预定时间过后,所述电压设定单元将所述电压转换单元的所述输出电压设定为小于所述第二预定电压的第三预定电压。
3.如权利要求2所述的充电控制装置,其特征在于,其中:
所述电压设定单元根据从所述电压转换单元从操作状态到非操作状态的转换至所述电压转换单元的所述操作状态恢复为止的时期的长度,改变所述预定时间。
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