CN104393331A - 一种磷酸铁锂动力电池及其制作方法 - Google Patents

一种磷酸铁锂动力电池及其制作方法 Download PDF

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CN104393331A
CN104393331A CN201410653059.0A CN201410653059A CN104393331A CN 104393331 A CN104393331 A CN 104393331A CN 201410653059 A CN201410653059 A CN 201410653059A CN 104393331 A CN104393331 A CN 104393331A
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iron phosphate
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朱冠华
符泽卫
吴彬杰
万伟超
王家涛
罗开燕
周京明
涂雪菲
易锦文
叶尚云
李锡力
张平伟
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种磷酸铁锂动力电池及其制作方法，将一次纳米粒子团聚而成的二次颗粒磷酸铁锂、D50值1-3um，作为正极活性物质，负极采用具有无定型碳包覆结构的高层间距人造石墨，隔膜采用基材为PP、PE、PP的高透气性隔膜，透气性≤300s/100ml；电解液成分为：内含碳酸乙烯酯(EC)25％-35％、碳酸丙烯酯(PC)5％-10％、碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)25％-35％、碳酸二乙酯(DEC)10％-15％，锂盐为六氟磷酸锂、二氟草酸硼酸锂复合导电盐，浓度10％-15％。添加剂为丁二腈，硫酸亚乙烯脂、氟化烃。方型铝壳锂离子电池正负极片经卷绕、并卷芯、焊盖板、入壳、烘烤、激光焊、二次烘烤、注液、化成、抽气、压钢珠、分容、45度至75度高温老化，120h-24h高温热成膜。

Description

一种磷酸铁锂动力电池及其制作方法
技术领域
本发明涉及储能动力电池，特别是涉及磷酸铁锂离子储能动力电池。
背景技术
磷酸铁锂电池具绿色环保,使用寿命长，高安全。具有非常高的性价比，因而具有非常广泛的应用前景。
普通的磷酸铁锂电池高温性能非常优异。人们通常通过纳米化等手段来提高材料的低温性能。
纳米化材料比表面积过大,会对制程产生影响。并且影响高温性能。
发明内容
本发明提高一种高低温兼顾磷酸铁锂电池、目的提高磷酸铁锂储能动力类电池高温储存性能、低温放性能。
本发明通过正极\负极\电解液进行全面优化.达到全面改进电池高低温性能目的。
本发明的技术方案如下：
1.采用一次纳米粒子团聚而成的二次颗粒磷酸铁锂、D50值1-3um，作为正极活性物质，负极采用具有无定型碳包覆结构的高层间距人造石墨，隔膜采用基材为PP、PE或PP的高透气性隔膜，透气性≤300s/100ml；电解液成分为：内含碳酸乙烯酯(EC)25％-35％、碳酸丙烯酯(PC)5％-10％、碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)25％-35％和碳酸二乙酯(DEC)10％-15％，锂盐为六氟磷酸锂、二氟草酸硼酸锂复合导电盐，浓度10％-15％。添加剂为丁二腈，硫酸亚乙烯脂、氟化烃。
2.方型铝壳锂离子电池正负极片经卷绕、并卷芯、焊盖板、入壳、烘烤、激光焊、二次烘烤、注液、化成、抽气、压钢珠、分容、45度至75度高温老化，120h-24h高温热成膜。老化温度越高,老化时间越短。该工艺即可快速挑选不良电芯，分选出不同自放电的电池，而且可以提升电池高低温性能。
3.所述纳米粒子团聚而成的二次颗粒磷酸铁锂、D50值1-3um，作为正极活性物质,利于提升电池低温性能。
4.所述负极采用具有无定型碳包覆结构的高层间距人造石墨，利于提高负极与电解液高粘度组分相容性，兼顾高低温性能。
5.所述隔膜采用基材为PP、PE、PP的高透气性隔膜，透气性≤300s/100ml，空隙率大于40％，利于隔膜吸收电解液，提高低温下离子通导能力，亦利于高温性能。
6.所述电解液采用高粘度组分，低熔点组分相互搭配，高低温性能兼顾。
7.所述电解液采用添加剂具有正/负极表面成膜作用，利于提升电池高温性能及安全性能。
8.所述高温陈化过程利于SEI膜形成大量氟化锂成份、利于提升电池高低温性能。陈化条件45度至75度陈化120h-24h陈化温度越高，陈化时间越短。
9.所得方型锂离子电池具有高低温兼顾、高安全性能。
附图说明
图1为不同温度放电曲线。
具体实施方式
本发明实例1865140-10Ah磷酸铁锂锂离子电池
实施例1
1、正极活性物质D50(1-3um)的一次纳米粒子团聚而成的二次颗粒。负极采用具有无定型碳包覆结构的高层间距人造石墨。利于提升电芯高低温性能。
2、隔膜采用基材为PP、PE、PP的高透气性隔膜，透气性≤300s/100ml。
3、电解液采用高低温兼顾溶剂配方，内含EC25％-35％、PC5％-10％、EMC25％-35％、DEC 10％-15％，锂盐为LiPF6、二氟草酸硼酸锂复合导电盐，浓度10％-15％。添加剂为丁二腈，硫酸亚乙烯脂、氟化烃。
4、铝壳动力型锂离子电池正负极片经卷绕、并卷芯、焊盖板、入壳、烘烤、激光焊、二次烘烤、注液、化成、抽气、压钢珠、分容、45度至75度高温老化120h-24h高温热成膜。老化温度越高,老化时间越短。该工艺即可快速挑选不良电芯,分选出不同自放电电池，而且可以提升电池高低温性能。
实验电池编号：1#-6#实验电池高低温测试数据见表21#-3#数据曲线数据见图1。
60度30天荷电保持测试数据如表1所示。
表1
对比例1
对比例1高温成膜前后电池低温放电性能对比(使用高低温兼顾电解液,成膜工艺差别对比)
1 正极活性物质D50(1-3um)的一次纳米粒子团聚而成的二次颗粒。负极采用具有无定型碳包覆结构的高层间距人造石墨。利于提升电芯高低温性能.
2 隔膜采用基材为PP、PE、PP的高透气性隔膜,透气性≤300s/ml。
3 电解液采用高低温兼顾溶剂配方，内含EC25％-35％、PC5％-10％、EMC25％-35％、DEC 10％-15％，锂盐为LiPF6、二氟草酸硼酸锂复合导电盐，浓度10％-15％。添加剂为丁二腈，硫酸亚乙烯脂、氟化烃。
4 铝壳动力型锂离子电池正负极片经卷绕、并卷芯、焊盖板、入壳、烘烤、激光焊、二次烘烤、注液、化成、抽气、压钢珠、分容、45度老化搁置120h。
所得磷酸铁锂锂离子电池编号A1-A3高低温放电测试如下表2。
表2
对比例2 验证不同电解液高低温性能
1 正极活性物质D50(1-3um)的一次纳米粒子团聚而成的二次颗粒。负极采用具有无定型碳包覆结构的高层间距人造石墨。利于提升电芯高低温性能。
2 隔膜采用基材为PP、PE、PP的高透气性隔膜，透气性小雨≤300s/ml。
3 电解液采用普通溶剂配方，内含EC25％-35％、EMC25％-35％、DMC25％-35％，锂盐为LiPF6，浓度10％-15％。添加剂为丁二腈、VC。
4 铝壳动力型锂离子电池正负极片经卷绕并卷芯、焊盖板、入壳、烘烤、激光焊、二次烘烤、注液、化成、抽气、压钢珠、分容、45度至75度高温老化120h-24h高温热成膜。
所得磷酸铁锂锂离子电池编号B1-B3高低温放电测试如下表3。
表3
对比例3普通磷酸铁锂配高低温兼固电解液高低温放电性能
1 正极活性物质为D50(2-5)微米磷酸铁锂。负极采用具有无定型碳包覆结构的高层间距人造石墨。利于提升电芯高低温性能.
3 隔膜采用基材为PE、PP、PET的高透气性隔膜，透气性小雨≤300s/ml。
3 电解液采用高低温兼顾溶剂配方，内含EC25％-35％、PC5％-10％、EMC25％-35％、DEC 10％-15％，锂盐为LiPF6、二氟草酸硼酸锂复合导电盐，浓度浓度10％-15％。添加剂为丁二腈，硫酸亚乙烯脂、氟化烃。
4 铝壳动力型锂离子电池正负极片经卷绕、并卷芯、焊盖板、入壳、烘烤、激光焊、二次烘烤、注液、化成、抽气、压钢珠、分容、45度至75度高温老化120h-24h高温热成膜。
所得磷酸铁锂锂离子电池编号C1-C3高低温放电测试如下表4。
表4

Claims (4)

1.一种磷酸铁锂动力电池，其特征在于：一次纳米粒子团聚而成的二次颗粒磷酸铁锂、D50值1-3um，作为正极活性物质，负极采用具有无定型碳包覆结构的高层间距人造石墨，隔膜采用基材为PP、PE或PP的高透气性隔膜，透气性≤300s/100ml；电解液成分为：内含碳酸乙烯酯25％-35％、碳酸丙烯酯5％-10％、碳酸甲乙酯25％-35％、碳酸二乙酯10％-15％，锂盐为六氟磷酸锂、二氟草酸硼酸锂复合导电盐，浓度10％-15％，添加剂为丁二腈，硫酸亚乙烯脂、氟化烃。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种磷酸铁锂动力电池，其特征在于：所述隔膜的空隙率大于40％。
3.一种磷酸铁锂动力电池的制作方法，其特征在于：
将一次纳米粒子团聚而成的二次颗粒磷酸铁锂、D50值1-3um，作为正极活性物质，负极采用具有无定型碳包覆结构的高层间距人造石墨，隔膜采用基材为PP、PE或PP的高透气性隔膜，透气性≤300s/100ml；电解液成分为：内含碳酸乙烯酯25％-35％、碳酸丙烯酯5％-10％、碳酸甲乙酯25％-35％和碳酸二乙酯10％-15％，锂盐为六氟磷酸锂、二氟草酸硼酸锂复合导电盐，浓度10％-15％。添加剂为丁二腈，硫酸亚乙烯脂、氟化烃，
方型铝壳锂离子电池正负极片经卷绕、并卷芯、焊盖板、入壳、烘烤、激光焊、二次烘烤、注液、化成、抽气、压钢珠、分容和高温陈化成膜。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种磷酸铁锂动力电池的制作方法，其特征在于：所述高温陈化条件为45度至75度，时间120h-24h。
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CN106450047A (zh) * 2016-10-17 2017-02-22 中盐安徽红四方锂电有限公司 一种高温锂离子动力电池及其制备方法
CN111313115A (zh) * 2020-02-27 2020-06-19 四川国创成电池材料有限公司 一种锂离子电池化成方法及锂离子电池
CN112436241A (zh) * 2020-11-25 2021-03-02 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 一种电压控制型的多步注液化成方法
CN116454391A (zh) * 2023-06-12 2023-07-18 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电解液、二次电池和用电装置

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