CN106848393B - 一种高能量密度锂电池电解液 - Google Patents

一种高能量密度锂电池电解液 Download PDF

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CN106848393B
CN106848393B CN201710041690.9A CN201710041690A CN106848393B CN 106848393 B CN106848393 B CN 106848393B CN 201710041690 A CN201710041690 A CN 201710041690A CN 106848393 B CN106848393 B CN 106848393B
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刘熙林
饶睦敏
李瑶
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Shenzhen OptimumNano Energy Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种高能量密度锂电池电解液,包括溶剂、添加剂及锂盐,所述溶剂包括碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸二甲酯及羧酸酯,所述碳酸乙烯酯:碳酸甲乙酯:碳酸二甲酯:羧酸酯的质量比为:20%‑30%:45%‑55%:10%‑20%:5%‑15%,所述添加剂包括碳酸亚乙烯酯、丙磺酸内酯、氟代碳酸乙烯酯、全氟己基磺酰氟。本发明提供的一种高能量密度的电解液,不仅能改善电解液对极片的浸润性,还增强了锂电池的吸液速率,从而提高了生产效率。另外,还降低了锂电池的内阻,提升了电池的倍率和循环性能。

Description

一种高能量密度锂电池电解液
【技术领域】
本发明涉及电池技术领域,尤其涉及一种高能量密度锂电池电解液。
【背景技术】
传统化工能源储量有限且不断枯竭,同时传统化工能源会给环境带来污染。因此世界各国都在大力发展可持续的清洁能源。经过长时间的发展,锂电池已经广泛应用于人类社会生活的各个领域,尤其是电动汽车领域。随着科学技术的不断发展进步,人们对于电动汽车的续航里程提出了越来越高的要求,这就要求锂电池朝着高能量密度的方向发展。为了提升锂电池的能量密度,在不改变现有正负极材料体系的前提下,人们在锂电池制作过程中尽可能的增大电池极片的压实密度来提高单位体积或单位质量下电池的容量,从而实现电池能量密度的提升。但是电池极片的压实密度越大,电解液对极片的浸润性就会变差,电解液对电池极片浸润不充分将导致电池在充放电过程时锂离子在极片中的迁移阻抗变大,使得电池性能下降。
鉴于以上所述,实有必要提供一种新型的高能量密度锂电池电解液来克服以上缺陷。
【发明内容】
本发明的目的是提供一种高能量密度锂电池电解液,不仅能改善电解液对极片的浸润性,还增强了锂电池的吸液速率,从而提高了生产效率。另外,还降低了锂电池的内阻,提升了电池的倍率和循环性能。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供一种高能量密度锂电池电解液,包括溶剂、添加剂及锂盐,所述溶剂包括碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸二甲酯及羧酸酯,所述碳酸乙烯酯:碳酸甲乙酯:碳酸二甲酯:羧酸酯的质量比为:20%-30%:45%-55%:10%-20%:5%-15%,所述添加剂包括碳酸亚乙烯酯、丙磺酸内酯、氟代碳酸乙烯酯及全氟己基磺酰氟。
具体的,所述碳酸亚乙烯酯占所述溶剂总重的1%-5%。
具体的,所述丙磺酸内酯占所述溶剂总重的1%-5%。
具体的,所述氟代碳酸乙烯酯占所述溶剂总重的1%-3%。
具体的,所述全氟己基磺酰氟占所述溶剂总重的0.01%-0.2%。
具体的,所述锂盐为六氟磷酸锂、四氟硼酸锂、二草酸硼酸锂、二氟草酸硼酸锂、三氟甲磺酸锂、全氟烷基磺酰甲基锂及二(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺锂中的一种。
具体的,所述锂盐的浓度为:1.0mol/L-1.3mol/L。
具体的,所述碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸二甲酯及羧酸酯按照质量比25%:50%:15%:10%的比例进行混合。
与现有技术相比,本发明提供的一种高能量密度锂电池电解液,不仅能改善电解液对极片的浸润性,还增强了锂电池的吸液速率,从而提高了生产效率。另外,还降低了锂电池的内阻,提升了电池的倍率和循环性能。
【附图说明】
图1为实施例1和实施例2在常温情况下,在2.0V-3.65V的电压,3C情况下的循环曲线图。
【具体实施方式】
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和有益技术效果更加清晰明白,以下结合附图和具体实施方式,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解的是,本说明书中描述的具体实施方式仅仅是为了解释本发明,并不是为了限定本发明。
本发明提供一种高能量密度锂电池电解液,包括溶剂、添加剂及锂盐,所述溶剂包括碳酸乙烯酯(EC)、碳酸甲乙酯(DMC)、碳酸二甲酯(EMC)及羧酸酯(PA),所述碳酸乙烯酯:碳酸甲乙酯:碳酸二甲酯:羧酸酯的质量比为:20%-30%:45%-55%:10%-20%:5%-15%,所述添加剂包括碳酸亚乙烯酯(VC)、丙磺酸内酯(PS)、氟代碳酸乙烯酯(FEC)及全氟己基磺酰氟(C6F13SO2F)。
具体的,所述碳酸亚乙烯酯占所述溶剂总重的1%-5%。
具体的,所述丙磺酸内酯占所述溶剂总重的1%-5%。
具体的,所述氟代碳酸乙烯酯占所述溶剂总重的1%-3%。
具体的,所述全氟己基磺酰氟占所述溶剂总重的0.01%-0.2%。
具体的,所述锂盐为六氟磷酸锂(LiPF6)、四氟硼酸锂(LiBF4)、二草酸硼酸锂(LiBOB)、二氟草酸硼酸锂(LiDFOB)、三氟甲磺酸锂(LiCF3SO3)、全氟烷基磺酰甲基锂(LiC(CF3SO2)3)及二(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺锂(LiN(CF3SO2)2)中的一种。
具体的,所述锂盐的浓度为:1.0mol/L-1.3mol/L。
具体的,所述碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸二甲酯及羧酸酯按照质量比25%:50%:15%:10%的比例进行混合。
(1)实施例:
实施例1:
①先将所述碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸二甲酯及羧酸酯按照质量比25%:50%:15%:10%的比例进行混合,然后向其中添加质量百分含量为1.5%的VC、百分含量为2%的PS、百分含量为1.5%的FEC及百分含量为0.05%的C6F13SO2F,最后加入LiPF6溶解至浓度为1.2mol/L,制备好电解液。
②制作正极片;将LiFePO4:SP(碳黑导电剂):CNT(碳纳米管):PVDF(聚偏氟乙烯)按照质量比95:1.5:1:2.5进行混合制浆,均匀涂覆在铝箔上制成正极片。
③制作负极片;将石墨:SP:CMC(羧甲基纤维素钠):SBR(丁苯橡胶)按照质量比95.2:1.5:1.3:2进行混合制浆,均匀涂覆在铜箔上制成负极片。
④正极片和负极片制成后中间用隔膜隔开,采用钢壳进行装配,烘烤后注入实施例1中制备的电解液,真空下液50min后取出电池,电池经封口、化成分容得到锂电池。
实施例2:
①先将所述碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸二甲酯及羧酸酯按照质量比34%:38%:20%:8%的比例进行混合,然后向其中添加质量百分含量为2%的VC、百分含量为2%的PS,最后加入LiPF6溶解至浓度为1.1mol/L,制备好电解液。
②制作正极片;将LiFePO4:SP:CNT:PVDF按照质量比95:1.5:1:2.5进行混合制浆,均匀涂覆在铝箔上制成正极片。
③制作负极片;将石墨:SP:CMC:SBR按照质量比95.2:1.5:1.3:2进行混合制浆,均匀涂覆在铜箔上制成负极片。
④正极片和负极片制成后中间用隔膜隔开,采用钢壳进行装配,烘烤后注入实施例1中制备的电解液,真空下液50min后取出电池,电池经封口、化成分容得到锂电池。
注液过程中记录锂电池在注液前和真空下液后的质量,分别记为:M1(g),M2(g),锂电池内部的电解液质量记为M(g),其中M=M2-M1,锂电池的吸液速率V=M/50(g/min)。
应用本发明所制备的高能量密度锂电池的电解液如下表1、表2及表3,其中,实施例1为本发明所制备的高能量密度的电解液制成的锂电池,实施例2为常规电解液制成的锂电池。
表1
参数 m1/g m2/g M/g v/g/min
实施例1 112.8 133.1 20.3 0.406
实施例2 112.7 128.4 15.7 0.314
表2
表3
由表1、表2、表3及图1可以看出:实施例1的锂电池在单位时间内对电解液的吸收量优于实施例2的锂电池在单位时间内对电解液的吸收量;实施例1的锂电池的内阻小于实施例2的锂电池的内阻,实施例1的锂电池的首效、容量及能量密度均大于实施例2的首效、容量及能量密度;实施例1在1C、3C及5C的情况下充放电的恒流比均大于实施例2在在1C、3C及5C的情况下充放电的恒流。
图1为实施例1和实施例2在常温情况下,在2.0V-3.65V的电压,3C情况下的循环曲线图。由图1可以看出,实施例1的锂电池在3C情况下的容量保持率高于实施例2的锂电池的容量保持率。
综上所述,本发明提供的一种高能量密度锂电池电解液,不仅能改善电解液对极片的浸润性,还增强了锂电池的吸液速率,从而提高了生产效率。另外,还降低了锂电池的内阻,提升了电池的倍率和循环性能。
本发明并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所描述,因此对于熟悉领域的人员而言可容易地实现另外的优点和修改,故在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念的精神和范围的情况下,本发明并不限于特定的细节、代表性的设备和这里示出与描述的图示示例。

Claims (8)

1.一种高能量密度锂电池电解液,其特征在于:包括溶剂、添加剂及锂盐,所述溶剂包括碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸二甲酯及羧酸酯,所述碳酸乙烯酯:碳酸甲乙酯:碳酸二甲酯:羧酸酯的质量比为:20%-30%:45%-55%:10%-20%:5%-15%,所述添加剂包括碳酸亚乙烯酯、丙磺酸内酯、氟代碳酸乙烯酯及全氟己基磺酰氟。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高能量密度锂电池电解液,其特征在于:所述碳酸亚乙烯酯占所述溶剂总重的1%-5%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高能量密度锂电池电解液,其特征在于:所述丙磺酸内酯占所述溶剂总重的1%-5%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高能量密度锂电池电解液,其特征在于:所述氟代碳酸乙烯酯占所述溶剂总重的1%-3%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高能量密度锂电池电解液,其特征在于:所述全氟己基磺酰氟占所述溶剂总重的0.01%-0.2%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高能量密度锂电池电解液,其特征在于:所述锂盐为六氟磷酸锂、四氟硼酸锂、二草酸硼酸锂、二氟草酸硼酸锂、三氟甲磺酸锂、全氟烷基磺酰甲基锂及二(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺锂中的一种。
7.根据权利要求6所述的高能量密度锂电池电解液,其特征在于:所述锂盐的浓度为:1.0mol/L-1.3mol/L。
8.根据权利要求1所述的高能量密度锂电池电解液,其特征在于:所述碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸二甲酯及羧酸酯按照质量比25%:50%:15%:10%的比例进行混合。
CN201710041690.9A 2017-01-20 2017-01-20 一种高能量密度锂电池电解液 Expired - Fee Related CN106848393B (zh)

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