CN104364544B - 具有操纵装置的离合器装置 - Google Patents

具有操纵装置的离合器装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104364544B
CN104364544B CN201380031071.1A CN201380031071A CN104364544B CN 104364544 B CN104364544 B CN 104364544B CN 201380031071 A CN201380031071 A CN 201380031071A CN 104364544 B CN104364544 B CN 104364544B
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Prior art keywords
slope
clutch
clutch apparatus
rotor
wheel
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201380031071.1A
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English (en)
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CN104364544A (zh
Inventor
F·福格尔
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D27/00—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor
    • F16D27/14—Details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
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    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
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    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2054—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed by controlling transmissions or clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/28—Eddy-current braking
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D23/00—Details of mechanically-actuated clutches not specific for one distinct type
    • F16D23/12—Mechanical clutch-actuating mechanisms arranged outside the clutch as such
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16D27/02—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with electromagnets incorporated in the clutch, i.e. with collecting rings
    • F16D27/04—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with electromagnets incorporated in the clutch, i.e. with collecting rings with axially-movable friction surfaces
    • F16D27/08—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with electromagnets incorporated in the clutch, i.e. with collecting rings with axially-movable friction surfaces with friction surfaces arranged externally to the flux
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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Abstract

具有操纵装置的离合器装置，尤其用于机动车的驱动系，所述驱动系包括内燃机、带定子和转子的电机、以及变速器装置，其中，所述离合器装置在驱动系中可布置在一方面内燃机和另一方面电机和变速器装置之间，所述离合器装置和操纵装置集成在所述电机的转子中，所述操纵装置具有可调整的斜坡装置和回转轮传动装置，所述可调整的斜坡装置具有第一斜坡和第二斜坡，所述回转轮传动装置具有内齿轮、太阳轮、回转轮和桥接件，其中，所述第一斜坡配属于所述内齿轮，所述第二斜坡配属于所述桥接件，以便在结构和/或功能上改进所述离合器装置。

Description

具有操纵装置的离合器装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有操纵装置的离合器装置，该离合器装置尤其用于机动车的驱动系，所述驱动系具有内燃机、带定子和转子的电机、以及变速器装置，其中，所述离合器装置在驱动系中可布置在一方面内燃机和另一方面电机以及变速器装置之间，所述离合器装置和所述操纵装置集成在电机的转子中，所述操纵装置具有可调整的斜坡装置和回转轮传动装置，所述可调整的斜坡装置具有第一斜坡和第二斜坡，所述回转轮传动装置具有内齿轮、太阳轮、回转轮和桥接件。
背景技术
由DE 10 2008 006 062 A1公开了一种机动车中的驱动系，其具有内燃机和启动器发电机，其中，借助于在油中运转的起动离合器可以建立在一方面内燃机和另一方面启动器发电机和变速器之间的力流的转动连接，其中，启动器发电机的转子至少间接地支承在离合器盖上，并且，离合器盖抗扭转地且油密封地与变速器的离合器壳连接，用以成本低廉地且节省位置地构造该驱动系。
由DE 10 2010 048 830 A1公开了一种机动车驱动系中的离合器总成，该驱动系具有一带有曲轴的内燃机和一带有变速器输入轴的变速器，该离合器总成具有第一摩擦离合器和第二摩擦离合器，第一摩擦离合器包含第一对压板和一可轴向移位并抗扭转地被接收在第一对压板上的第一挤压板，该第一挤压板由一碟簧在中间放置一与变速器输入轴抗扭转地连接的第一离合器从动盘的摩擦衬的情况下朝第一对压板压紧，第二摩擦离合器包含第二对压板和一可轴向移位并抗扭转地被接收在第二对压板上的挤压板，该挤压板可在中间放置一与变速器输入轴连接的第二离合器从动盘的摩擦衬的情况下朝向第二对压板压紧，其中，第二对压板与曲轴作用连接，第一对压板可扭转地支承在第二对压板上，并且在第一对压板和第二挤压板之间布置一轴向作用的斜坡装置，用于以很小的操纵力提供增大的可传递力矩的能力。
由在2011年12月14日提交的具有申请号10 2011 088 473.4的德国专利申请公开了一种具有操纵装置的离合器装置，其用于机动车的驱动系，该驱动系具有一内燃机、一带有定子和转子的电机和一变速器装置，其中，该离合器装置在驱动系中布置在一方面内燃机和另一方面电机以及变速器装置之间，其中，该离合器装置和该操纵装置集成在电机的转子中，用以在结构上和/或功能上改进离合器装置。
为了更详细地获取关于本发明的特征的信息，明确参见公开文献DE 10 2010 048830 A1以及具有申请号10 2011 088 473.4的德国专利申请。该公开文献和该专利申请的教导可以看做本文献的组成部分。该公开文献和该专利申请的特征是本文献的特征。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，在结构和/或功能上改进本文开头部分所述的离合器装置。特别地，所述离合器装置和操纵装置要安置在所述电机的转子中。特别地要实现，所述离合器装置的电操纵。特别地，所述离合器装置和操纵装置对安装空间的需求要减小。特别地，制造费用要降低。特别地，要提供与转子集成的离合器装置，它能够使内燃机与该驱动系连接或者与该驱动系分离。特别地，要可借助于所述离合器装置在极短的时间内使所述内燃机耦合到所述驱动系并且可传递所述内燃机的力矩。特别地，所述离合器装置要可纯电力操纵，由此操纵能量要维持尽可能小。特别地，要提高所述操纵装置的效率。特别地，所述斜坡装置的调整范围要扩大。
该目的通过具有操纵装置的离合器装置实现，所述离合器装置尤其用于机动车的驱动系，所述驱动系具有内燃机、带定子和转子的电机、以及变速器装置，其中，所述离合器装置在所述驱动系中可布置在一方面所述内燃机和另一方面所述电机和变速器装置之间，所述离合器装置和所述操纵装置集成在所述电机的转子中，所述操纵装置具有可调整的斜坡装置和回转轮传动装置，所述可调整的斜坡装置具有第一斜坡和第二斜坡，所述回转轮传动装置具有内齿轮、太阳轮、回转轮和桥接件，其中，所述第一斜坡配属于所述内齿轮，所述第二斜坡配属于所述桥接件。
在该驱动系中，内燃机、离合器装置、电机和变速器装置可以以所述的顺序来布置。在该驱动系中，可以布置一扭振减振器、尤其一双质量飞轮。该扭振减振器可以具有一输入部分、一与输入部分可相对扭转的输出部分和至少一个在输入部分和输出部分之间起作用的能量储存器。名称“输入部分”和“输出部分”涉及从内燃机出发的功率流。扭振减振器可以在该驱动系中布置在内燃机和离合器装置之间。扭振减振器可以在该驱动系中布置在内燃机和电机之间。扭振减振器的输入部分可以与内燃机驱动连接。扭振减振器的输出部分可以与离合器装置驱动连接。扭振减振器的输出部分可以与电机驱动连接。在该驱动系中可以布置至少一个可驱动的车轮。该至少一个可驱动的车轮可以在该驱动系中布置在变速器装置之后。
该机动车可以具有一混合动力驱动装置。该机动车可以具有第一能量转换器。该第一能量转换器可以是内燃机。内燃机可以利用碳氢化合物如汽油、柴油、天然气(液化天然气LNG或压缩的天然气CHG)或汽车煤气(液化石油气LPG)来运行。内燃机可以利用氢气运行。该机动车可以具有第一能量储存器。该第一能量储存器可以是燃料罐。该机动车可以具有第二能量转换器。该第二能量转换器可以是电机。该电机可以作为电动马达来运行。该电机可以作为发电机来运行。该电机可以将电动马达和发电机结构上合并。该电机可以是启动器发电机。该机动车可以具有第二能量储存器。该第二能量储存器可以是电能量储存器。该第二能量储存器可以是蓄电池。该第二能量储存器可以是电池。该能量转换器可以用于驱动机动车。借助于能量转换器可以产生机械功率。该机动车可以具有并联的混合动力驱动装置。该机动车可以具有全混合动力驱动装置。
该离合器装置可以具有摩擦离合器。该离合器装置可以具有干式离合器。该离合器装置可以具有单盘离合器。该离合器装置可以具有湿式离合器。该离合器装置可以具有多盘离合器。该离合器装置可以具有片式离合器。该离合器装置可以具有压式的离合器。该离合器装置可以具有拉式的离合器。该离合器装置可以具有挤压板。该离合器装置可以具有至少一个中间压板。该离合器装置可以具有压板。该离合器装置可以具有至少一个离合器从动盘。所述至少一个离合器从动盘可以具有摩擦衬。中间压板和离合器从动盘可以交替地布置。所述至少一个离合器从动盘可以在所述挤压板、所述至少一个中间压板和/或所述压板之间夹紧。
该离合器装置可以在该驱动系中布置在内燃机和电机之间。该离合器装置可以在该驱动系中布置在内燃机和电机的转子之间。该离合器装置可以具有一输入部分和一输出部分。名称“输入部分”和“输出部分”涉及朝机动车的可驱动车轮指向的功率流。该离合器装置的输入部分可以具有所述至少一个离合器从动盘。该离合器装置的输入部分可以与内燃机驱动连接。该离合器装置的输出部分可以具有所述挤压板、所述至少一个中间压板和/或所述压板。该离合器装置的输出部分可以与电机驱动连接。该离合器装置的输出部分可以与电机的转子驱动连接。该离合器装置可以在该驱动系中布置在内燃机和变速器装置之间。该离合器装置的输出部分可以与变速器装置驱动连接。该离合器装置的输出部分可以与变速器装置的输入轴驱动连接。该离合器装置可以在该驱动系中布置在扭振减振器和电机之间。该离合器装置的输入部分可以与扭振减振器驱动连接。该离合器装置的输入部分可以与扭振减振器的输出部分驱动连接。该离合器装置可以在该驱动系中布置在扭振减振器和变速器装置之间。
该离合器装置可以从完全分离的操纵位置出发直至完全接合的操纵位置与操纵相关地实现逐渐增大的功率传递，其中，在完全分离的操纵位置中，在输入部分和所述至少一个输出部分之间基本上不进行功率传递，在完全接合的操纵位置中，在输入部分和所述至少一个输出部分之间基本上进行完全的功率传递，其中，在输入部分和所述至少一个输出部分之间的功率传递可以力锁合地、尤其摩擦锁合地进行。反过来，该离合器装置可以从完全接合的操纵位置出发直至完全分离的操纵位置与操纵相关地实现逐渐减小的功率传递，其中，在完全接合的操纵位置中，在输入部分和所述至少一个输出部分之间基本上进行完全的功率传递，在完全分离的操纵位置中，在输入部分和所述至少一个输出部分之间基本上不进行功率传递。完全接合的操纵位置可以是闭合的操纵位置。完全分离的操纵位置可以是打开的操纵位置。
该离合器装置可以具有一力矩传感器。该力矩传感器可以布置在该离合器装置的输入部分上。该力矩传感器可以具有一输入部分、一与输入部分可相对扭转的输出部分和至少一个在输入部分和输出部分之间起作用的能量储存器。基于输入部分和输出部分之间的克服能量储存器的力的相对扭转可以检测到一力矩。借助于力矩传感器可以进行该离合器装置的调节。
该变速器装置可以具有一输入轴和一输出轴。名称“输入部分”和“输出部分”涉及从内燃机或从电机出发的功率流。该变速器装置可以具有有级变速器。该变速器装置可以具有无级变速器。该变速器装置可以具有双离合器变速器。该变速器装置可以具有液力变矩离合器变速器。该变速器装置可以是能手动换档的。该变速器装置可以是能自动换档的。输入轴可以与电机驱动连接。输入轴可以与电机的转子驱动连接。输入轴可以与离合器装置驱动连接。输入轴可以与离合器装置的输出部分驱动连接。输出轴可以与所述至少一个可驱动的车轮驱动连接。
该电机可以具有一壳体。定子可以相对于壳体固定布置。定子可以在径向上布置在转子之外。该电机可以具有至少一个轴或轮毂。转子可以固定地布置在所述至少一个轴或轮毂上。转子可以在径向上布置在定子之内。该电机可以具有第一轴或轮毂以及第二轴或轮毂。第一轴或轮毂与第二轴或轮毂可同轴地布置。转子可以固定地布置在第二轴或轮毂上。第一轴或轮毂可以配属于离合器装置的输入部分。第二轴或轮毂可以配属于离合器装置的输出部分。转子可以具有套筒式的形状。转子可以具有管区段式的形状。转子可以具有空心柱体形的形状。在转子中可以形成一接收空间。
集成在转子中的离合器装置可以是至少基本上布置在转子之内的离合器装置。集成在转子中的离合器装置可以是在径向上至少基本上布置在转子之内的离合器装置。径向是垂直于电机的转动轴线的方向。集成在转子中的离合器装置可以是在轴向上至少基本上布置在转子之内的离合器装置。轴向是电机的转动轴线的延伸方向。集成在转子中的操纵装置可以是至少基本上布置在转子之内的操纵装置。集成在转子中的操纵装置可以是在径向上至少基本上布置在转子之内的操纵装置。集成在转子中的操纵装置可以是在轴向上至少基本上布置在转子之内的操纵装置。离合器装置和操纵装置可以区段式地相互嵌套地布置。操纵装置可以区段式地布置在面向内燃机的一侧。离合器装置可以区段式地布置在面向变速器装置的一侧。操纵装置可以区段式地径向在内地布置。离合器装置可以区段式地径向在外地布置。
借助于该操纵装置可以使该离合器装置的挤压板轴向移位。借助于该操纵装置可以使该离合器装置打开或闭合。借助于该操纵装置可以使该离合器装置分离或接合。该操纵装置可以自放大。由此能够实现以相对较小的操纵力通断相对较高的工作功率。操纵力可以自放大。由此需要减小的操纵能量来使该离合器装置接合和/或分离。需要减小的操纵力。需要减小的操纵行程。促动器可以具有减小的功率。促动器可以具有减小的功率消耗。促动器可以具有减小的安装空间。促动器可以具有减小的重量。通断速度可以被提高。
所述斜坡装置可通过扭转进行调整。所述第一斜坡和第二斜坡可相对于彼此扭转。所述第一斜坡和第二斜坡的相对于彼此的扭转可引起轴向间距的改变。在所述第一斜坡和第二斜坡之间可布置滚动体，尤其是球体。所述斜坡可形成用于所述滚动体的滚动面。所述斜坡可构造为滚动体斜坡，尤其是球体斜坡。所述斜坡可以在所述离合器装置的周向上分布地布置。所述斜坡相对于一与所述离合器装置的旋转轴线相垂直的平面是倾斜的。所述斜坡可在所述离合器装置的周向上上升和/或下降。所述斜坡可以是单侧上升的。所述斜坡可以是双侧上升的。所述第一斜坡和第二斜坡可构造为相对于彼此几何形状互补。所述第一斜坡可与第二斜坡以如下方式对应，以使得在所述第一斜坡和第二斜坡相对于彼此扭转时，所述第一斜坡和第二斜坡在所述离合器装置的旋转轴线的延伸方向上彼此背离地运动或者朝向彼此地运动。所述第一斜坡可从径向内部支承所述滚动体。所述第二斜坡可从径向外部支承所述滚动体。所述滚动体可具有这样的直径，以使得所述滚动体防失落地保持在所述第一斜坡和第二斜坡之间。所述滚动体可布置在滚动体保持架中。由此确保所述滚动体与所述斜坡的配设。
回转轮传动装置可以是一行星齿轮传动装置。内齿轮可以具有内齿部。太阳轮可以具有外齿部。回转轮可以各自具有外齿部。回转轮可以分别与内齿轮和/或与太阳轮啮合。回转轮传动装置可以具有第一传动器轴、第二传动器轴和第三传动器轴。内齿轮可以布置在第一传动器轴上。太阳轮可以布置在第二传动器轴上。回转轮可以布置在第三传动器轴上。第一传动器轴和第二传动器轴可以具有同轴的轴线。第三传动器轴的轴线可以与第一传动器轴和第二传动器轴的轴线平行且与它们间隔开。在回转轮传动装置运行的情况下，回转轮可以围绕太阳轮回转。桥接件可以是一回转轮支架。桥接件可以将第三传动器轴相互固定连接或具有第三传动器轴。
根据本发明的、具有操纵装置的离合器装置可安置在所述电机的转子中。所述离合器装置可实现电操纵。所述离合器装置和操纵装置的安装空间需求减小。制造费用降低。提供一转子集成的离合器装置，所述离合器装置能够使所述内燃机与驱动系连接或从所述驱动系分离。借助于根据本发明的离合器装置，所述内燃机可在最短的时间内耦合到所述驱动系上并且可传递所述内燃机的力矩。根据本发明的离合器装置可以纯电力地操纵，由此操纵能量可保持尽可能小。所述操纵装置的效率提高。所述斜坡装置的调整范围被扩大。
第一斜坡可以与内齿轮固定连接，第二斜坡可以借助于至少一个板簧与桥接件抗扭转地且轴向预紧地连接，并且，桥接件可以与转子固定连接。斜坡装置可以具有第一斜坡环。第一斜坡环可以具有第一斜坡。第一斜坡环可以首先结构上分开地制造且随后与内齿轮连接。第一斜坡可以集成到内齿轮中。第一斜坡可以是内齿轮的区段。斜坡装置可以具有第二斜坡环。第二斜坡环可以具有第二斜坡。第二斜坡环可以首先结构上分开地制造且随后与桥接件连接。所述至少一个板簧可以是一拉力弹簧。所述至少一个板簧可以具有环状的形状。所述至少一个板簧可以与一方面第一斜坡环以及与另一方面第二斜坡环连接。借助于所述至少一个板簧可以以一预紧力加载斜坡装置。桥接件可以与转子一体地制成。桥接件和转子可以首先结构上分开地制造且随后相互连接。
该回转轮传动装置可以具有回转轮对，所述回转轮对具有用于与太阳轮形成第一传动比的第一回转轮以及用于与内齿轮形成第二传动比的第二回转轮。可以分别将一第一回转轮和一第二回转轮相互配设。相互配设的回转轮可以相互同轴地布置。相互配设的回转轮可以在轴向上相互间隔开。相互配设的回转轮可以相互抗扭转地连接。第一回转轮可以具有比第二回转轮更大的直径。由此增大了回转轮传动装置的传动比。
内齿轮侧的构件和太阳轮侧的构件可具有至少近似相同的惯性矩。在考虑了所述回转轮传动装置的传动比的情形下，所述惯性矩可至少近似相同。因此减小或阻止了旋转加速度对操纵装置的影响，尤其是不期望地打开或闭合所述离合器装置。
所述离合器装置可具有挤压板，并且所述桥接件可配属于所述挤压板。所述挤压板和桥接件可彼此抗扭转地连接。所述挤压板可相对于所述桥接件受限地在轴向上可移位。所述挤压板可与所述第二斜坡环一体地制成。所述挤压板和第二斜坡环可首先在结构上是分立的，然后被彼此连接。
该操纵装置可以具有一用于可调节式地调整斜坡装置的力矩传感器和一空程装置，并且，所述力矩传感器和所述空程装置可以在径向上至少区段式重叠地布置。该空程装置可以具有一内环和一外环。该空程装置可以具有夹紧体。所述夹紧体可以在内环和外环之间起作用。借助于该空程装置可以允许内环和外环相对于彼此在第一转动方向上的扭转以及锁止在与第一转动方向相反的第二转动方向上的扭转。内环可以配属于所述电机的轴或轮毂。外环可以配属于回转轮传动装置的太阳轮。由此能够实现该操纵装置在离合器装置的完全闭合的操纵位置中的自调节。能够允许内燃机的惯性工况。该力矩传感器可以具有至少一个扭矩弹簧、尤其螺旋形的压缩弹簧，并且，该扭矩弹簧和该空程装置可以在径向上至少区段式重叠地布置。
所述操纵装置可具有电促动器。所述促动器可作用于所述太阳轮。借助于所述促动器，所述太阳轮可被施加预控力矩。所述电促动器可以是涡流制动器。所述操纵装置为了闭合所述离合器装置可具有涡流制动器。为了触发所述涡流制动器，可设置电力控制器。借助于所述涡流制动器，所述太阳轮可被施加一逆着回转轮传动装置的旋转而作用的力矩，以使所述内齿轮连同所述第一斜坡和所述桥接件连同所述第二斜坡相对于彼此扭转。
所述离合器装置可在完全打开的操纵位置、中间位置和完全闭合的操纵位置之间可调节式地调整。可调节式的调整可借助于控制器进行。由所述控制器可给出至少一个输出信号。由所述控制器可向所述离合器装置的促动器给出一个输出信号。所述控制器可使用至少一个输入信号。在所述控制器中可存储至少一个参数。借助于所述控制器可确定至少一个参数。所述至少一个输出信号可基于所述至少一个输入信号、至少一个被存储的参数和/或至少一个被确定的参数而形成。
所述离合器装置在所述完全闭合的操纵位置中可自调节。用于闭合所述离合器装置的预控力矩可由内燃机施加。所述回转轮传动装置的太阳轮可被一由内燃机生成的力矩加载。因此，所述离合器装置在闭合方向上被加载。因此所述离合器装置的操纵不需要借助于所述电促动器，以保持所述闭合的操纵位置。不需要电能。
因而，概括地且换句话说，通过本发明尤其得到一具有电操纵的、转子集成的离合器。所述离合器可放置在混合动力驱动装置的电机的转子中。所述离合器可确保电机与内燃机的分离或连接。于是通过所述离合器可实现下述运行状态：在纯电动行驶时，所述离合器可以打开，并且所述内燃机从驱动系脱耦(内燃机断开)。如果需要更大的功率或力矩，则可通过借助所述电机部分地闭合所述离合器而启动内燃机。所述离合器可在惯性工况中运行，以便启动所述内燃机。所述离合器传递的力矩在这种状态下可进行精确地调节。这能够通过一具有可变的可调整力矩的电促动器进行。所述力矩可利用涡流制动器实现，所述涡流制动器无磨损地施加要求的预控力矩并从而在寿命期间总是施加相同的预控力矩。所述涡流制动器的力矩可通过行星齿轮组被放大。在内燃机运转时，所述离合器可通过所述空程装置和所述行星齿轮组自行闭合，以便将所述内燃机的力矩传递到所述驱动系中。在这种状态下，所述离合器可自调节并且不需要额外的电能。在这种状态下可实现例如助推(Boosten)、余热利用(Rekuperieren)、载荷点偏移和纯内燃机行驶等行驶状况。一旦所述转子的转速小于或等于所述内燃机的转速，所述离合器就可打开。
用“可”表示本发明的尤其可选的特征。因此而分别存在本发明的这样的实施例，该实施例具有对应的特征或对应的多个特征。
附图说明
下面，参考附图详细描述本发明的实施例。由该描述获得其他特征和优点。这些实施例的具体特征可以代表本发明的一般性特征。这些实施例的与另外的特征结合的特征也可以代表本发明的独立特征。
附图示意和示例性地示出：
图1机动车的驱动系，其具有并联的全混合动力驱动装置和布置在所述驱动系中的离合器；以及
图2集成到电机的转子中的离合器，其具有操纵装置，该操纵装置用于具有混合动力驱动装置的机动车。
具体实施方式
图1示出了一这里在其他方面未详细示出的机动车的驱动系100，具有一并联的全混合动力驱动装置和一布置在该驱动系100中的离合器102。该驱动系100具有内燃机104、双质量飞轮106、离合器102、电机108、变速器110和至少一个可驱动的车轮112。电机108可作为马达来运行。离合器102在驱动系100中布置在双质量飞轮106和电机108之间。离合器102在驱动系100中布置在双质量飞轮106和变速器110之间。
离合器102具有输入部分114和输出部分116。离合器102的输入部分114与双质量飞轮106连接。离合器102的输出部分116与电机108连接。电机108具有定子118和转子120。离合器102的输出部分116与电机108的转子120连接。离合器102的输出部分116与变速器110连接。电机108与变速器110连接。电机108的转子120与变速器110连接。
图2示出了用于带有混合动力驱动装置的机动车的集成在一这里在其它方面未详细示出的电机(如根据图1的电机108)的转子200(如根据图1的转子120)中的离合器202(如根据图1的离合器102)，具有操纵装置204。离合器202在转动轴线206的延伸方向上以及在径向上布置在转子200以内。操纵装置204在转动轴线206的延伸方向上以及在径向上布置在转子200以内。离合器202和操纵装置204是相互嵌套地布置的。离合器202布置在内燃机侧。操纵装置204布置在变速器侧。
离合器202具有一输入部分和一输出部分。输入部分具有轴208、力矩传感器210和离合器从动盘如212。离合器202的输出部分具有挤压板214、中间压板如216以及压板218。离合器从动盘212抗扭转地与轴208连接。挤压板214、中间压板216和压板218抗扭转地与转子200连接。挤压板214可在转动轴线206的延伸方向上受限地轴向移位。
操纵装置204具有一回转轮传动装置，该回转轮传动装置具有内齿轮220、太阳轮222、回转轮和桥接件224。内齿轮220具有内齿部。太阳轮222具有外齿部。回转轮各自具有外齿部。回转轮传动装置具有第一回转轮、如226，其与太阳轮222形成第一传动比。回转轮传动装置具有第二回转轮、如228，其与内齿轮220形成第二传动比。每一个第一回转轮226分别与一个第二回转轮228抗扭转地相互连接。第一回转轮226分别具有比第二回转轮228更大的直径。回转轮226、228支承在桥接件224中。
操纵装置204具有一斜坡装置，该斜坡装置具有第一斜坡环230和第二斜坡环232。第一斜坡环230具有第一斜坡。第二斜坡环232具有第二斜坡。第一斜坡环230和第二斜坡环232可相对于彼此扭转。在第一斜坡环230和第二斜坡环232之间布置滚动体，如234。斜坡环230、232相对于彼此的扭转引起了斜坡环230、232之间的间距变化。斜坡环230、232经由回转轮传动装置相互连接。第一斜坡环230与内齿轮220固定连接。第二斜坡环232与桥接件224抗扭转地并且相对于桥接件224可轴向移位地连接。第二斜坡环232与桥接件224借助于环形的板簧(如236)连接。板簧236用作桥接件224和斜坡环232之间的拉力弹簧。桥接件224与转子200固定连接。
操纵装置204具有力矩传感器210和空程装置238。力矩传感器210用于可调节式地调整所述斜坡装置。力矩传感器210具有一输入部分和一输出部分。力矩传感器210的输入部分与轴208抗扭转地连接。力矩传感器210的输出部分与离合器从动盘212抗扭转地连接。在力矩传感器210的输入部分和输出部分之间作用有螺旋压力弹簧，如240。空程装置238具有一内环和一外环。空程装置238具有夹紧体。空程装置238的内环与轴208抗扭转地连接。空程装置238的外环与套筒形构件242抗扭转地连接，该套筒形构件与第二回转轮228相对应。力矩传感器210和空程装置238在转动轴线206的延伸方向上并排布置。力矩传感器210和空程装置238在径向上重叠。螺旋压力弹簧240和空程装置238在径向上区段式地重叠。力矩传感器210的输入部分和空程装置238的内环具有至少近似相等的内径。力矩传感器210和空程装置238在转动轴线206的延伸方向上布置在离合器202以内。力矩传感器210和空程装置238在径向上布置在离合器202以内。
操纵装置204具有涡流制动器244。涡流制动器244具有制动器定子和制动器转子。所述制动器定子和所述制动器转子在径向上彼此叠置地布置。所述制动器定子布置在所述制动器转子径向外侧。所述制动器定子具有多个线圈和电枢。所述电枢分别具有钳状的形状，所述钳状的形状具有一个背部区段和两个指部区段。所述线圈各自布置在电枢的背部区段上。所述线圈分别具有与旋转轴线206平行地布置的绕组轴线。所述电枢的背部区段分别平行于旋转轴线206延伸。所述制动器定子与转子200固定连接。所述制动器转子具有盘形的形状。所述制动器转子具有盘形的金属板。所述制动器转子与太阳轮222抗扭转地连接。所述制动器定子的电枢分别钳状地包握所述制动器转子。所述制动器定子的电枢分别以指部区段握住所述制动器转子。因此，通过太阳轮222导入用于操纵离合器202的预控力矩。所述回转轮传动装置布置成使得所述预控力矩被放大。
在纯电动行驶时，离合器202是打开的。内齿轮220、桥接件224、回转轮226、228和太阳轮222以相同的转速(电动马达转速)运转，回转轮传动装置可以说是“锁闭”的。由此禁止斜坡环230、232的扭转以及离合器202的操纵。附加地几乎消除了旋转加速度的影响，其方式为，一方面随内齿轮220旋转的构件以及另一方面随太阳轮222旋转的构件分别大致具有相等的惯性矩。
如果现在要启动内燃机，则通过涡流制动器244在太阳轮222上产生一用于离合器202的预控力矩。该力矩是一制动力矩并且抵抗原始的转动运动。太阳轮222相对于到目前为止还静止的回转轮传动装置扭转。通过回转轮传动装置的工作，使内齿轮220且因此也使斜坡环230相对于桥接件224扭转，这同时相应于斜坡装置的扭转以及离合器202的闭合。
涡流制动器244的预控力矩通过回转轮传动装置上的和斜坡环230、232上的传动比被如此地变换，使得内燃机可以以所需的力矩被启动。预控力矩可以通过对涡流制动器244的电流输入来精确地控制并且可以在极短的时间内建立。内燃机的启动时间为几毫秒。通过力矩的大传动比以及短的操纵时间，对于内燃机的启动得出了很小的操纵能量。此外，涡流制动器244是无磨损的，并且，可以通过电磁体250的磁场实现所需力矩的任意中间级，而没有力矩波动和摩擦系数相关性。
在内燃机运转时，预控力矩经由内燃机本身和空程装置238来生成。轴208用于联接内燃机。在该运行状态下，离合器202沿着牵引方向传递一力矩。该牵引力矩的一确定部分经由空程装置238用作用于构件242的预控力矩。由此通过内燃机的力矩的经由回转轮传动装置作用到斜坡环230、232上的部分操纵离合器202。离合器从动盘212在挤压板214、中间压板216和压板218之间被夹紧并且传递所需的力矩。斜坡环230、232的扭转角度通过力矩传感器210调节。该力矩传感器也使得能够实现，一旦不再传递力矩，则再次打开离合器202。通过所述构件的该布置方式，离合器202在该状态下是自调节的并且无需用于操纵的其它外部能量。在该状态下能够利用内燃机实现运行状态如负载推移、助推和行驶。内燃机的惯性工况对于该系统而言同样可行。在此，该涡流制动器244在持续运行中运行。
附图标记列表
100 驱动系
102 离合器
104 内燃机
106 双质量飞轮
108 电机
110 变速器
112 车轮
114 输入部分
116 输出部分
118 定子
120 转子
200 转子
202 离合器
204 操纵装置
206 旋转轴线
208 轴
210 力矩传感器
212 离合器从动盘
214 挤压板
216 中间压板
218 压板
220 内齿轮
222 太阳轮
224 桥接件
226 第一回转轮
228 第二回转轮
230 第一斜坡环
232 第二斜坡环
234 滚动体
236 板簧
238 空程装置
240 螺旋压力弹簧
242 构件
244 涡流制动器

Claims (9)

1.具有操纵装置(204)的离合器装置(102、202)，该离合器装置用于机动车的驱动系(100)，所述驱动系(100)具有内燃机(104)、带定子(118)和转子(120、200)的电机(108)、以及变速器装置(110)，其中，所述离合器装置(102、202)能在所述驱动系(100)中布置在以所述内燃机(104)为一方，和以所述电机(108)、所述变速器装置(110)为另一方之间，所述离合器装置(102、202)和所述操纵装置(204)集成在所述电机(108)的转子(120、200)中，并且，所述操纵装置(204)具有可调整的斜坡装置和回转轮传动装置，所述可调整的斜坡装置具有第一斜坡(230)和第二斜坡(232)，所述回转轮传动装置具有内齿轮(220)、太阳轮(222)、回转轮(226、228)和桥接件(224)，其特征在于，
所述第一斜坡(230)配属于所述内齿轮(220)，并且所述第二斜坡(232)配属于所述桥接件(224)，所述操纵装置(204)具有用于可调节式地调整所述斜坡装置的力矩传感器(210)和具有空程装置(238)，所述力矩传感器(210)和所述空程装置(238)在径向上至少区段式重叠地布置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的离合器装置(102、202)，其特征在于，
所述第一斜坡(230)与所述内齿轮(220)固定连接，所述第二斜坡(232)借助于板簧(236)与所述桥接件(224)抗扭转地且轴向预紧地连接，并且，所述桥接件(224)与所述转子(120、200)固定连接。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的离合器装置(102、202)，其特征在于，
所述回转轮传动装置具有带有第一回转轮(226)和第二回转轮(228)的回转轮对，所述第一回转轮(226)与所述太阳轮(222)形成第一传动比，所述第二回转轮(228)与所述内齿轮(220)形成第二传动比。
4.根据权利要求3所述的离合器装置(102、202)，其特征在于，
所述第一回转轮(226)具有比所述第二回转轮(228)更大的直径。
5.根据前述权利要求1所述的离合器装置(102、202)，其特征在于，
所述内齿轮侧的构件和所述太阳轮侧的构件具有至少近似相同的惯性矩。
6.根据前述权利要求1所述的离合器装置(102、202)，其特征在于，
所述离合器装置(102、202)具有挤压板(214)，并且，所述桥接件(224)配属于所述挤压板(214)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的离合器装置(102、202)，其特征在于，
所述力矩传感器(210)具有至少一个扭矩弹簧(240)，并且，所述扭矩弹簧(240)和所述空程装置(238)在径向上至少区段式重叠地布置。
8.根据前述权利要求1所述的离合器装置(102、202)，其特征在于，
所述操纵装置(204)为了闭合所述离合器装置(102、202)具有涡流制动器(244)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的离合器装置(102、202)，其特征在于，
借助于所述涡流制动器(244)，所述太阳轮(222)能被这样加载以一对所述回转轮传动装置的转动起抵抗作用的力矩，使得所述内齿轮(220)连同所述第一斜坡(230)和所述桥接件(224)连同所述第二斜坡(232)相对于彼此扭转。
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