CN104364284B - 用于控制(延长)基于扩链的聚氨酯(pu)的体系中的适用期的方法 - Google Patents
用于控制(延长)基于扩链的聚氨酯(pu)的体系中的适用期的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于控制(延长)基于二胺扩链的聚氨酯(PU)的体系、优选PU弹性体、PU粘合剂和PU浇注树脂中的适用期的新颖方法。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于控制(延长)用二胺扩链的基于聚氨酯(PU)的体系、优选PU弹性体、PU粘合剂和PU浇注树脂中的适用期的新颖方法。
聚氨酯是通过多异氰酸酯与多羟基醇(即多元醇)的加聚反应几乎定量地形成的。连接随着一个分子的异氰酸酯基团(–N=C=O)与另一种分子的羟基(-OH)的反应而发生以形成氨基甲酸乙酯基团(-NH-CO-O-)。
二异氰酸酯与多元醇之间的反应的过程取决于组分之间的摩尔比。可以很好地形成具有令人希望的平均分子量和令人希望的端基的中间产物。这些中间产物然后可以稍后通过与二醇或二胺的反应进行扩链以形成所希望的聚氨酯或聚氨酯-聚脲混合物。这些中间产物通常被称为预聚合物。
用于形成预聚合物的合适的多元醇包括不仅二元醇而且还有聚亚烷基乙二醇醚、具有末端羟基的聚醚酯或聚酯(聚酯多元醇)。
优选使用聚酯多元醇来形成设计为具有高的抗机械疲劳或动态疲劳性的聚氨酯。
通过简单的二元醇与羧酸的缩聚所形成的具有末端羟基的聚醚酯或聚酯仍然含有游离的羧酸。这些催化预聚合物中的游离异氰酸酯基团与扩链二胺之间的反应,并且这导致短的适用期并使反应不可控制。它们另外经常具有低水平的耐水解性。
目前可商购的碳二亚胺(如在EPA0799843中所描述的)对于在用于生产预聚合物的目标时间内的快速脱酸过于迟缓,或不可充分溶解以变得实用且经济。
因此,通过本发明所解决的问题是提供用于控制(延长)基于用二胺扩链的聚氨酯(PU)的体系中的适用期的方法,特别是用于生产PU弹性体、PU粘合剂或PU浇注树脂,同时避免了昂贵的和不便于产生的材料。
为了本发明的目的,适用期是反应性材料的处理时间。它是一种多组分物质的初期混合与其可使用性的结束之间的时间。
该问题出人意料地是通过本发明的方法来解决的,其中将指定的碳二亚胺加入到多元醇中。
因此,本发明提供了一种用于延长基于用二胺扩链的聚氨酯(PU)的体系中的适用期的方法,其中
-至少一种具有式(I)的碳二亚胺
其中m是0-10,
R1、R3和R5各自独立地是H或甲基,
R2和R4各自独立地是H、甲基、NH-C(O)-OR10,其中
R10是C1-C4-烷基或,
-(CH2)h-O-[(CH2)k-O]g-R11,
其中h是1-3,k是1-3,g是0-12并且R11是H或C1-C4-烷基,
并且R6、R7、R8和R9各自独立地是H或甲基,以及
至少一种二异氰酸酯和至少一种二胺被搅拌到以下物质中
-至少一种多元醇,该多元醇选自聚酯多元醇和/或聚醚酯多元醇组成的组,
在从40℃至130℃的范围内的温度下。
在本发明的一个优选的实施例中,m是0并且
R1、R3和R5各自独立地是H或甲基,
R2和R4各自独立地是H、甲基或-NH-C(O)-OR10,其中R10是C1-C4-烷基或
-(CH2)h-O-[(CH2)k-O]g-R11,
其中h是1-3,k是1-3,g是0-12并且R11是H或C1-C4-烷基,
优选地R1、R3、R4和R5各自是H或甲基,更优选地R1、R3和R5各自是甲基并且R4是H,
R2是-NH-C(O)-OR10,其中R10是-C1-C4-烷基或
-(CH2)h-O-[(CH2)k-O]g-R11,
其中h是1-3,k是1-3,g是0-12并且R11是H或C1-C4-烷基。
在m=0的情况下,当R1是甲基并且R2、R3、R4和R5各自是H时是非常特别优选的。
在m=0的情况下,当为以下条件时同样是高度优选的。
R3或R5是甲基或H,
R2是-NH-C(O)-OR10,其中R10是-C1-C4-烷基或-(CH2)h-(O-(CH2)k-O)g-R11,
其中h是1-3,k是1-3,g是0-12并且R11是H或C1-C4-烷基
并且R1和R4各自是H。
在本发明的一个另外同样优选的实施例中,m是>0,更优选地m是1,其中R1、R3和R5各自独立地是H或甲基,并且
R2和R4各自是H、甲基或-NH-C(O)-OR10,其中R10是C1-C4-烷基或-(CH2)h-O-[(CH2)k-O]g-R11,
其中h是1-3,k是1-3,g是0-12并且R11是H或C1-C4-烷基,条件是R6、R7、R8和R9中的一个或多个各自独立地是H或甲基,
优选地R1、R3、R4和R5各自是H或甲基,更优选地R1、R3和R5各自是甲基并且R4是H,
R2和R4各自是H、甲基或-NH-C(O)-OR10,其中R10是C1-C4-烷基或-(CH2)h-O-[(CH2)k-O]g-R11,
其中h是1-3,k是1-3,g是0-12并且R11是H或C1-C4-烷基,条件是R6、R7、R8和R9中的一个或多个各自独立地是H或甲基。
当R1、R3、R4、R5各自是H或甲基,更优选甲基时是进一步优选的。
R2是-NH-C(O)-OR10,其中R10是-C1-C4-烷基或
-(CH2)h-O-[(CH2)k-O]g-R11,
其中h是1-3,k是1-3,g是0-12并且R11是H或C1-C4-烷基,
R6、R7、R8和R9各自独立地是H或甲基并且更优选地R6、R7和R9中的至少一个是甲基。
在m=1的情况下,当为以下条件时同样是高度优选的。
R3或R5是甲基或H,
R2是-NH-C(O)-OR10,其中R10是-C1-C4-烷基或
-(CH2)h-O-[(CH2)k-O]g-R11,
其中h是1-3,k是1-3,g是0-12并且R11是H或C1-C4-烷基,
并且R1和R4各自是H,并且
R6、R7、R8和R9各自独立地是H或甲基,优选R6、R7和R9中的至少一个是甲基。
在本发明的一个优选的实施例中,R7和R9中的至少一个是甲基。
具有式(I)的化合物是可商购的物质,因为它们是从莱茵化学莱脑有限公司(RheinChemieRheinauGmbH)例如以商品名和可获得的。
同样给予优选的是两种或更多种具有式(I)的碳二亚胺的混合物。在混合物的情况下,平均值m也可以是一个分数。
为了本发明的目的,多元醇是选自聚酯多元醇和/或聚醚酯多元醇组成的组。
为了本发明的目的,聚酯多元醇和/或聚醚酯多元醇是具有优选高达3000、更优选在从500至3000的范围内并且还更优选在从1000至2000的范围内的以g/mol为单位的分子量的化合物。
术语聚酯多元醇和/或聚醚酯多元醇应理解为是指为了本发明的目的,不仅每分子具有两个或三个羟基的化合物,而且还有每分子具有三个以上的羟基的化合物。聚酯多元醇是优选的多元醇。
有利的是该多元醇具有高达200的OH值,优选在20与150之间并且更优选在50与115之间。
特别合适的聚酯多元醇是不同的二元醇与芳香族或脂肪族二羧酸和/或内酯的聚合物的反应产物。
在此给予优选的是对于形成适合的聚酯多元醇有用的芳香族二羧酸。在此给予特别优选的是对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸酐以及还有具有一个苯环的取代的二羧酸化合物。
有用的脂肪族二羧酸优选地是用于形成适合的聚酯多元醇有用的那些脂肪族二羧酸,更优选癸二酸、己二酸和戊二酸。
优选的内酯的聚合物对于形成适合的聚酯多元醇有用的,更优选是聚己酸内酯。
二羧酸和内酯的聚合物是可商购的物质。
还给予特别优选的是用于形成适合的聚酯多元醇有用的那些二元醇,最优选乙二醇、丁二醇、新戊二醇、己二醇、丙二醇、二丙二醇、二乙二醇和环己烷二甲醇。
给予优选的是不同的上述多元醇与芳香族或脂肪族二羧酸和/或内酯的聚合物(例如聚己酸内酯)的反应产物。
用于本发明的目的的多元醇是可商购的化合物,因为它们是从拜耳材料科技公司(BayerMaterialScienceAG)以商品名可获得的。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,该组合物另外含有至少一种二异氰酸酯。
芳香族和脂肪族二异氰酸酯是优选的。甲苯2,4-二异氰酸酯、甲苯2,6-二异氰酸酯、亚苯基二异氰酸酯、4,4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、亚甲基双(4-苯基异氰酸酯)、萘1,5-二异氰酸酯、四亚甲基1,4-二异氰酸酯和/或六亚甲基1,6-二异氰酸酯是特别优选的,并且甲苯2,4-二异氰酸酯和甲苯2,6-二异氰酸酯是非常特别优选的。
用于本发明的目的的二异氰酸酯是可商购的化合物,因为它们是从拜耳材料科技公司以商品名可获得的。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,该组合物另外含有至少一种二胺。
二胺(其用于扩链)优选地是2-甲基丙基3,5-二氨基-4-氯苯甲酸酯、双(4,4’-氨基-3-氯苯基)甲烷、3,5-二甲基硫代-2,4-甲苯二胺、3,5-二甲基硫代-2,4-甲苯二胺、3,5-二乙基-2,4-甲苯二胺、3,5-二乙基-2,6-甲苯二胺、4,4’-亚甲基双(3-氯-2,6-二乙基苯胺)和1,3-丙二醇双(4-氨基苯甲酸酯)。
用于在本发明的意义内的扩链的二胺是可商购的化合物,因为它们是从莱茵化学莱脑有限公司以商品名可获得的。
碳二亚胺与多元醇的比率优选地为0.1-5,更优选每100重量份的多元醇1-3重量份的碳二亚胺。
二异氰酸酯与多元醇的比率优选地为20-50:100重量份,更优选30:100重量份。
在其中该组合物含有除聚酯多元醇和/或聚醚酯多元醇与碳二亚胺以及还有二异氰酸酯之外的至少一种二胺的这些情况下,二胺的量为基于该组合物的5-30wt%。
在本发明的方法中,优选初始加入聚酯多元醇和/或聚醚酯多元醇并将符合式(I)的碳二亚胺或符合式(I)的碳二亚胺的混合物搅拌到其中。
通过这种方法制备的基于聚氨酯(PU)的体系具有增加的耐水解性。
本发明的范围包括彼此组合的在一般术语或在优选范围内的上文和下文所述的所有部分定义、指数、参数和说明,包括在这些对应范围和优选范围的任何所希望的组合。
下面的实例是通过阐明本发明而不是限制本发明的方式提供的。
工作实例
在实例中使用了以下物质:
2000MM,一种来自拜耳材料科技公司的具有56mgKOH/g的OH值和0.83mgKOH/g的酸值的直链聚酯多元醇。
具有式(I)的碳二亚胺,其中m=0并且R1=CH3、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H以及R5=H。
P200,一种来自莱茵化学莱脑有限公司的基于四甲基二甲苯二异氰酸酯的聚合芳香族碳二亚胺。
I,一种来自莱茵化学莱脑有限公司的基于2,6-二异丙基苯基异氰酸酯的单体碳二亚胺。
T100,一种来自拜耳材料科技公司的2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯。
1604,一种来自莱茵化学莱脑有限公司的2-甲基丙基3,5-二氨基-4-氯苯甲酸酯作为二胺组分。
HMV-8CA:一种来自日清纺织株式会社(NisshinboIndustries,INC)的聚合脂肪族碳二亚胺。
以下混合物如下进行生产:
混合物A(比较物):在100℃下熔化100g的2000MM。
混合物B(用于制备本发明的混合物II)在100℃下熔化100g的2000MM并与0.6g的具有式(I)的碳二亚胺混合,在该式(I)中m=0并且R1=CH3、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H且R5=H。
混合物C(比较物):在100℃下熔化100g的2000MM并与0.6g的基于2,6-二异丙基苯基异氰酸酯的单体碳二亚胺(P200)混合。
混合物D(比较物):在100℃下熔化100g的2000MM并与0.6g的CarbodiliteHMV8CA混合。这两种物质不能混合。因此该混合物不可采用以供进一步测试。
所有细节都是以重量份计,除非另有说明。
表1:
c=对比实例,i=本发明的实例。
混合物A至C在80℃的温度下与在表1中指示的量的T100进行反应至5%的异氰酸酯含量并且然后与在表1中指示的量的1604扩链剂进行反应。对于该混合物确定适用期,该混合物最初是液体的,在几分钟后变成凝胶的并进行反应以形成固体弹性体。适用期是被混合的与不再是可使用的多组分物质之间的时间。发现的值在表2中报告。
表2:
混合物 | 以秒为单位的适用期 |
I | 240 |
II | 370 |
III | 340 |
从混合物II的值明显可以看出具有式(I)(其中m=0并且R1=CH3、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H且R5=H)的本发明的碳二亚胺的混合物产生显著延长的适用期以及由此改进的可加工性。
Claims (26)
1.用于控制基于聚氨酯的体系的适用期的方法,其特征在于
-至少一种具有式(I)的碳二亚胺
其中m是0-10,
R1、R3和R5各自独立地是H或甲基,
R2和R4各自独立地是H、甲基、NH-C(O)-OR10,其中
R10是C1-C4-烷基,或
-(CH2)h-O-[(CH2)k-O]g-R11,
其中h是1-3,k是1-3,g是0-12并且R11是H或C1-C4-烷基,
并且R6、R7、R8和R9各自独立地是H或甲基,以及
至少一种二异氰酸酯和一种二胺被搅拌到以下物质中
-至少一种多元醇,该多元醇选自聚酯多元醇和/或聚醚酯多元醇组成的组,并且
在从40℃至130℃的范围内的温度下。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于在该具有式(I)的碳二亚胺中,m是0并且
R1、R3和R5各自独立地是H或甲基,
R2和R4各自独立地是H、甲基或-NH-C(O)-OR10,其中R10是C1-C4-烷基或
-(CH2)h-O-[(CH2)k-O]g-R11,
其中h是1-3,k是1-3,g是0-12并且R11是H或C1-C4-烷基。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于在该具有式(I)的碳二亚胺中,m是0并且
R1、R3、R4和R5各自是H或甲基,
R2是-NH-C(O)-OR10,其中R10是C1-C4-烷基或
-(CH2)h-O-[(CH2)k-O]g-R11,
其中h是1-3,k是1-3,g是0-12并且R11是H或C1-C4-烷基。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于在该具有式(I)的碳二亚胺中,m是0并且
R1、R3和R5各自是甲基并且R4是H,
R2是-NH-C(O)-OR10,其中R10是C1-C4-烷基或
-(CH2)h-O-[(CH2)k-O]g-R11,
其中h是1-3,k是1-3,g是0-12并且R11是H或C1-C4-烷基。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于在该具有式(I)的碳二亚胺中,当在以下条件下时m=0:
R3或R5是甲基或H,
R2是-NH-C(O)-OR10,其中R10是-C1-C4-烷基或-(CH2)h-O-[(CH2)k-O]g-R11,
其中h是1-3,k是1-3,g是0-12并且R11是H或C1-C4-烷基
并且R1和R4各自是H。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于在该具有式(I)的碳二亚胺中,m=0并且R1=CH3、R2=H、R3=H、R4=H以及R5=H。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于在该具有式(I)的碳二亚胺中,m是>0,
其中R1、R3和R5各自独立地是H或甲基,并且
R2和R4各自是H、甲基或-NH-C(O)-OR10,其中R10是C1-C4-烷基或-(CH2)h-O-[(CH2)k-O]g-R11,
其中h是1-3,k是1-3,g是0-12并且R11是H或C1-C4-烷基,条件是R6、R7、R8和R9中的一个或多个各自独立地是H或甲基。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于在该具有式(I)的碳二亚胺中,m是>0,
R1、R3、R4和R5各自是H或甲基,
R2是-NH-C(O)-OR10,其中R10是-C1-C4-烷基或
-(CH2)h-O-[(CH2)k-O]g-R11,
其中h是1-3,k是1-3,g是0-12并且R11是H或C1-C4-烷基,
R6、R7、R8和R9各自独立地是H或甲基。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于在该具有式(I)的碳二亚胺中,当在以下条件下时m=1:
R3或R5是甲基或H,
R2是-NH-C(O)-OR10,其中R10是-C1-C4-烷基或
-(CH2)h-O-[(CH2)k-O]g-R11,
其中h是1-3,k是1-3,g是0-12并且R11是H或C1-C4-烷基,
并且R1和R4各自是H,并且
R6、R7、R8和R9各自独立地是H或甲基。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于这些碳二亚胺是两种或更多种具有式(I)的碳二亚胺的混合物。
11.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于该多元醇是具有高达3000的以g/mol为单位的分子量的化合物。
12.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于该多元醇是具有500至3000的范围内的以g/mol为单位的分子量的化合物。
13.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于该多元醇是具有1000至2000的范围内的以g/mol为单位的分子量的化合物。
14.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于该多元醇是聚酯多元醇。
15.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于该多元醇具有高达200的OH值。
16.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于该多元醇具有20与150之间的OH值。
17.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于该多元醇具有50与150之间的OH值。
18.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于该二异氰酸酯是芳香族二异氰酸酯或脂肪族二异氰酸酯。
19.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于该二异氰酸酯是甲苯2,4-二异氰酸酯、甲苯2,6-二异氰酸酯、亚苯基二异氰酸酯、4,4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、亚甲基双(4-苯基异氰酸酯)、萘1,5-二异氰酸酯、四亚甲基1,4-二异氰酸酯和/或六亚甲基1,6-二异氰酸酯。
20.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于该二异氰酸酯是甲苯2,4-二异氰酸酯和甲苯2,6-二异氰酸酯。
21.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于该二胺是2-甲基丙基3,5-二氨基-4-氯苯甲酸酯、双(4,4’-氨基-3-氯苯基)甲烷、3,5-二甲基硫代-2,4-甲苯二胺、3,5-二甲基硫代-2,4-甲苯二胺、3,5-二乙基-2,4-甲苯二胺、3,5-二乙基-2,6-甲苯二胺、4,4’-亚甲基双(3-氯-2,6-二乙基苯胺)和1,3-丙二醇双(4-氨基苯甲酸酯)。
22.根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于碳二亚胺与多元醇的比率为每100重量份的多元醇0.1-5重量份的碳二亚胺。
23.根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于碳二亚胺与多元醇的比率为每100重量份的多元醇1-3重量份的碳二亚胺。
24.根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于二异氰酸酯与多元醇的比率为20-50:100重量份。
25.根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于二异氰酸酯与多元醇的比率为30:100重量份。
26.根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于该二胺为基于该体系的5-30wt%。
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US4088665A (en) * | 1975-08-23 | 1978-05-09 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the partial carbodiimidization of organic isocyanates |
EP0850985A1 (en) * | 1996-12-24 | 1998-07-01 | Nisshinbo Industries, Inc. | Improver for resistance of ester group-containing resin to microbe-caused deterioration, method for improving said resistance and resin composition having resistance to microbe-caused deterioration |
CN101479855A (zh) * | 2006-06-21 | 2009-07-08 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 太阳能电池背面密封用薄片 |
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CN104364284A (zh) | 2015-02-18 |
CN108299622A (zh) | 2018-07-20 |
CN104350077A (zh) | 2015-02-11 |
US20150126688A1 (en) | 2015-05-07 |
EP2844681A1 (de) | 2015-03-11 |
EP2844683A1 (de) | 2015-03-11 |
KR20150003389A (ko) | 2015-01-08 |
WO2013164135A1 (de) | 2013-11-07 |
BR112014027441A2 (pt) | 2017-06-27 |
IN2014DN09041A (zh) | 2015-05-22 |
MX2014013359A (es) | 2015-05-15 |
US20150133623A1 (en) | 2015-05-14 |
BR112014027440A2 (pt) | 2017-06-27 |
RU2014148484A (ru) | 2016-06-20 |
ES2588830T3 (es) | 2016-11-07 |
CA2872090A1 (en) | 2013-11-07 |
JP2015516003A (ja) | 2015-06-04 |
JP2015516491A (ja) | 2015-06-11 |
US9321879B2 (en) | 2016-04-26 |
EP2844681B1 (de) | 2016-07-13 |
RU2014148485A (ru) | 2016-06-27 |
EP2660259A1 (de) | 2013-11-06 |
KR20150003388A (ko) | 2015-01-08 |
MX368470B (es) | 2019-10-03 |
WO2013164134A1 (de) | 2013-11-07 |
CA2871712A1 (en) | 2013-11-07 |
KR101993498B1 (ko) | 2019-06-26 |
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