CN104364251A - 烟曲霉醇型化合物及其制备和使用方法 - Google Patents
烟曲霉醇型化合物及其制备和使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104364251A CN104364251A CN201380030300.8A CN201380030300A CN104364251A CN 104364251 A CN104364251 A CN 104364251A CN 201380030300 A CN201380030300 A CN 201380030300A CN 104364251 A CN104364251 A CN 104364251A
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Abstract
本公开提供了烟曲霉醇型化合物及它们治疗诸如肥胖症的医学病症的用途。提供了如用于治疗肥胖症的药物组合物和使用方法。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2012年5月9日提交的美国临时序列第61/644,612号的优先权,其在此通过引用以其整体并入。
背景
据报道全世界超过11亿的人超重。估计仅在美国肥胖症影响超过9千万人。在美国20岁以上的群体中的25%被认为是临床上肥胖的。超重或肥胖存在问题(例如移动的限制、在紧密空间(诸如剧院或飞机座位)中的不舒适、社交困难等),同时这些症状(具体地说临床肥胖症)影响健康的其它方面,即与超重或肥胖相关、由超重或肥胖恶化或由超重或肥胖引起的疾病和其它不良健康症状。估计在美国肥胖相关症状的死亡每年超过300,000(O’Brien等人Amer J Surgery(2002)184:4S-8S;和Hill等人(1998)Science,280:1371)。
对于超重或肥胖没有根治疗法。用于治疗超重或肥胖受试者的传统药物疗法(诸如血清素和去甲肾上腺素能再吸收抑制剂、去甲肾上腺素能再摄取抑制剂、选择性血清素再摄取抑制剂、肠脂肪酶抑制剂)或外科手术(诸如胃间隔术或胃束带术)已显示出提供极小的短期收益或显著的复发率,并且进一步显示出对患者的有害副作用。
MetAP2编码蛋白质,该蛋白质至少部分地通过从某些新转译的蛋白质(诸如甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶)酶促去除氨基末端甲硫氨酸残基起作用(Warder等人.(2008)J Proteome Res 7:4807)。MetAP2基因表达增加在历史上一直与多种形式的癌症相关。抑制MetAP2酶活性的分子已被鉴定并且已被开发用于治疗各种癌症类型(Wang等人(2003)Cancer Res 63:7861)和传染性疾病(诸如微孢子虫病、利什曼病和疟疾)(Zhang等人(2002)J Biomed Sci.9:34)。值得注意的是,在肥胖和肥胖型糖尿病动物中,抑制MetAP2活性部分通过增加脂肪的氧化和部分通过减少食物消耗导致体重减轻(Rupnick等人(2002)Proc NatlAcad Sci USA 99:10730)。
此类MetAP2抑制剂对于患有过度肥胖症和与肥胖症有关的症状(包括2型糖尿病、肝脂肪变性以及心血管疾病)的患者可以是同样有用的(经由如,缓解胰岛素抵抗性、减少肝脂质含量以及减少心脏负荷)。因此,需要能够调节MetAP2的化合物来解决肥胖症和相关疾病以及对于MetAP2调节剂治疗有利地响应的其它病痛的治疗。
概要
本公开提供,例如,可以是MetAP2的调节剂的化合物和它们作为药剂的用途、用于制备它们的方法以及含有它们作为活性成分(单独和/或与其它试剂组合)的药物组合物,还提供它们作为药物的用途和或它们在制造用于抑制温血动物(诸如人)体内的MetAP2活性的药物中的用途。具体地说,发明涉及用于治疗肥胖症、2型糖尿病以及其它肥胖症相关症状的化合物。还提供包含至少一种公开的化合物和药学上可接受的载体的药物组合物。
在一个实施方案汉中,本文提供了由例如下式表示的化合物,
及其药学上可接受的盐和/或立体异构体,其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6和R7描述于本文。
本发明还提供了化合物:
本文还提供了治疗需要其的患者的肥胖症的方法,所述方法包括施用有效量的公开的化合物。
附图说明
图1比较了使用公开的化合物的0.3mg/kg皮下给药的小鼠模型中的体重降低。
图2A、2B和2C比较了使用如公开的化合物的3mg/kg经口给药的小鼠模型中的体重降低。
图3A、3B、3C描述了在图2的小鼠模型中施用化合物后睾丸生物标记的浓度,并表明了经测试的化合物对睾丸组织的有效性或非有效性。图3C表明了如化合物444对睾丸组织无效。
详述
现在将更详细地描述本公开的特征和其它细节。在进一步描述本发明之前,在此收集本说明书、实施例以及附加权利要求书中采用的某些术语。这些定义应当根据本公开的剩余部分来解读,并且应为本领域的技术人员所理解。除非另外定义,否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语都具有与本领域的普通技术人员所通常理解的含义相同的含义。
定义
“治疗”包括引起所述症状、疾病、病症等的改善的任何作用,如减轻、减少、调节或消除。
“药学上或药理学上可接受的”包括当施用给动物或人类(视情况而定)不产生不利、过敏或其它不良反应的分子实体和组合物。对于人施用而言,制剂应该符合由FDA生物制品标准办公室要求的无菌、致热原性、一般安全性以及纯度标准。
如本文所用的术语“药学上可接受的载体”或“药学上可接受的赋形剂”是指与药物施用可相容的任何和所有溶剂、分散介质、涂层、等张剂和吸收延迟剂等。将此类介质和药剂用作药学上活性物质是本领域所熟知的。所述组合物还含有提供补充、额外或增强的治疗功能的其它活性化合物。
如本文使用的术语“药物组合物”是指包含与一种或多种药学上可接受的载体一起配制的至少一种如本文公开的化合物的组合物。
“个体”、“患者”或“受试者”可以互换使用并且包括任何动物,包括哺乳动物,优选小鼠、大鼠、其它啮齿类动物、兔、狗、猫、猪科动物、牛、羊、马或灵长类动物,并且最优选人。本发明的化合物可被施用给哺乳动物,诸如人,但还可以被施用给其它哺乳动物(诸如需要兽医治疗的动物),如家畜(如,狗、猫等)、农场动物(如,奶牛、羊、猪、马等)以及实验室动物(如,大鼠、小鼠、豚鼠等)。在本发明的方法中经治疗的哺乳动物所希望的是需要治疗肥胖症或体重减轻的哺乳动物。“调节”包括拮抗作用(如,抑制)、激动作用、部分拮抗作用和/或部分激动作用。
在本说明书中,术语“治疗有效量”意指研究人员、兽医、内科医生或其它临床医师正在寻求的将会引起组织、系统、动物或人的生物或医学响应的所述主题化合物的量。以治疗有效量来施用本发明的化合物以便治疗疾病。可选地,化合物的治疗有效量是实现所希望的治疗和/或预防作用所要求的数量,诸如引起体重减轻的量。
如本文所用的术语“药学上可接受的盐”是指可以存在于所述组合物中使用的化合物中的酸性或碱性基团的盐。在自然界中是碱性的包含于本组合物中的化合物能够与多种无机酸和有机酸形成多种多样的盐。可以用于制备此类碱性化合物的药学上可接受的酸加成盐(即含有药理学上可接受的阴离子的盐)的酸是形成无毒酸加成盐的那些酸,所述盐包括但不限于,苹果酸盐、草酸盐、氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、硝酸盐、乙酸盐、酒石酸盐、油酸盐、富马酸盐、甲酸盐、苯甲酸盐、谷氨酸盐、甲磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐和对甲苯磺酸盐。
本公开的化合物可以含有一个或多个手性中心和/或双键,并且因此作为立体异构体(诸如几何异构体、对映体或非对映体)存在。当用于本文时术语“立体异构体”由所有几何异构体、对映体或非对映体组成。取决于立构碳原子周围的取代基的构型,这些化合物可以由符号“R”或“S”指定。本发明涵盖这些化合物及其混合物的各种立体异构体。立体异构体包括对映体和非对映体。对映体或非对映体的混合物在命名法中可以指定为“(±)”,但本领域技术人员将会认识到结构可以隐式指代手性中心。
本公开的化合物可以含有一个或多个手性中心和/或双键,并且因此作为几何异构体、对映体或非对映体存在。取决于立构碳原子周围的取代基的构型,所述对映体或非对映体可以由符号“(+)”、“(-)”、“R”或“S”指定,但本领域技术人员将会认识到结构可隐式指代手性中心。由碳-碳双键周围的取代基的排列或者环烷基环或杂环周围的取代基的排列产生的几何异构体也可存在于本发明的化合物中。所述符号指代可为如本文描述的单、双或三键的键。碳-碳双键周围的取代基被指定为呈“Z”或“E”构型,其中术语“Z”和“E”依据IUPAC标准使用。除非另有说明,否则描绘双键的结构涵盖所述“E”和“Z”异构体两者。可选地,碳-碳双键周围的取代基可以被称为“顺式”或“反式”,其中“顺式”表示取代基位于所述双键的相同侧并且“反式”表示取代基位于所述双键的相对侧。碳环周围取代基的排列也可以被指定为“顺式”或“反式”。术语“顺式”表示取代基位于环的平面的相同侧上,而术语“反式”表示取代基位于环的平面的相对侧。其中取代基安置于所述环平面的相同和相对侧上的化合物的混合物被指定为“顺式/反式”。
当用于本文时术语“立体异构体”由所有几何异构体、对映体或非对映体组成。本发明涵盖这些化合物及其混合物的各种立体异构体。
本发明的化合物的对映体和非对映体可以通过从含有不对称或立构中心的可商购获得的原料合成制备,或通过制备外消旋混合物、接着进行本领域普通技术人员熟知的拆分方法来制备。通过以下举例说明这些拆分方法:(1)对映体的混合物附接至手性助剂、通过重结晶或层析分离所产生的非对映体的混合物并且从所述助剂释放光学纯产物,(2)采用光学活性拆分剂形成盐,或(3)在手性液相色谱柱上直接分离光学对映体的混合物或(4)使用立体选择性化学试剂或酶试剂的动力学拆分。还可以通过熟知的方法(诸如手性相气相色谱法)或使所述化合物在手性溶剂中结晶来将外消旋混合物拆分成它们的组分对映体。立体选择性合成、化学反应或酶促反应是本领域熟知的,在所述反应中单个反应物在新立构中心的产生期间或在预先存在的立构中心的转化期间形成立体异构体的不等混合物。立体选择性合成涵盖对映转化和非立体选择性转化。例如,参见Carreira和Kvaerno,Classics in Stereoselective Synthesis,Wiley-VCH:Weinheim,2009。
本文公开的化合物可以与药学上可接受的溶剂(诸如水、乙醇等)形成的溶剂化形式和非溶剂化形式存在,并且本发明旨在包括溶剂化形式和非溶剂化形式。在一个实施方案中,所述化合物为非晶形的。在一个实施方案中,所述化合物是多晶型物。在另一个实施方案中,所述化合物呈结晶形式。
本发明还包括同位素标记的本发明化合物,所述化合物与本文列举的那些是相同的,除了一个或多个原子被具有与通常在自然界中发现的原子质量或质量数不同的原子质量或质量数的原子替代。可并入本发明化合物中的同位素的实例包括氢、碳、氮、氧、磷、氟和,诸如分别为2H、3H、13C、14C、15N、18O、17O、31P、32P、35S、18F和36Cl。例如,本发明化合物可以具有被氘替代的一个或多个H原子。
某些同位素标记的公开的化合物(如,那些用3H和14C标记的化合物)可用于化合物和/或基质组织分布测定中。特别优选氚化(即,3H)和碳-14(即即,14C)同位素,因为它们易于制备和可检测。另外,被较重同位素诸如氘(即,2H)取代可以提供由较大代谢稳定性产生的某些治疗优势(如,增加的体内半衰期或减少的剂量需求)并且因此形成预期的替代实施方案。通常可以通过遵循与如本文实施例中公开的那些类似的程序,通过用同位素标记的试剂取代非同位素标记的试剂来制备本发明的同位素标记的化合物。
在某些实施方案中,本公开提供由以下表示的化合物:
其中R1是H或C1-3烷基;或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体。例如,本文涵盖了由以下表示的化合物:
本文还提供了有以下表示的化合物:
其中
R2选自由以下组成的组:H、羟基和C1-4烷基(任选地被羟基和/或卤基取代)如,异丙基(任选地被羟基和/或卤基取代);
R3选自由以下组成的组:H和羟基;或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体。在其它实施方案中,R2可为任选地被羟基取代的C1-4烷基。
本文涵盖了由以下表示的化合物:
其中
R4和R5各自为甲基;或
R4和R5连同它们连接的氮一起形成连同它们连接的氮一起形成被独立选自由甲基和羟基组成的组的一种或两种取代基任选地取代的4-5元环;或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体。例如,本文涵盖了由以下表示的化合物:
其中
R6选自由H、羟基或甲基组成的组;和
R7选自由H、羟基或甲基组成的组。
其中
R’是甲基;
R”是H或甲基;或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体。
本文还涵盖了由以下表示的化合物:
其中n是0、1或2;或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体。
在特定的实施方案中,涵盖的化合物包括选自那些由以下来表示的组的化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体。
示例性的化合物包括:
及其药学上盐或立体异构体。
本公开的另一方面提供调节MetAP2活性的方法。此类方法包括使所述受体暴露于本文所述的化合物。本文描述的化合物调节或抑制MetAP2的能力可以通过本领域已知的和/或本文描述的方法来评价。本发明的另一方面提供了治疗患者的与MetAP2的表达或活性相关的疾病的方法。例如,预期的方法包括施用所公开的化合物,其施用量足以建立胞内MetAP2的抑制从而有效地增加所述患者体内的硫氧还蛋白产生并诱发所述患者体内的抗肥胖方法的多器官刺激,例如通过以不足以减少所述患者体内的血管生成的量施用所公开的化合物。
在某些实施方案中,本公开提供了通过施用有效量的所公开的化合物来治疗和/或缓解患者的肥胖症。本文还提供了用于诱发有需要的患者的体重减轻的方法。
治疗的其它预期的方法包括通过将本文公开的化合物施用给受试者来治疗或缓解肥胖症有关的症状或共病的方法。例如,本文预期的是用于治疗有需要的患者的2型糖尿病的方法。
可以用所公开的化合物治疗的示例性共病或其它病症可包括心脏病症、内分泌病症、呼吸病症、肝病症、骨骼病症、精神病症、代谢病症、代谢病症以及生殖病症。
示例性心脏病症包括高血压、血脂异常、缺血性心脏疾病、心肌病、心肌梗赛、中风、静脉血栓栓塞性疾病及肺动脉高压。示例性内分泌病症包括2型糖尿病和成人隐匿性自身免疫性糖尿病。示例性呼吸病症包括肥胖症低通气综合征、哮喘以及阻塞性睡眠性呼吸暂停。示例性肝病症是非酒精性脂肪肝病。示例性骨骼病症包括背部疼痛和负重关节的骨关节炎。示例性代谢病症包括普瑞德-威利综合征(Prader-Willi Syndrome)和多囊卵巢综合征。示例性生殖病症包括性功能障碍、勃起机能障碍、不孕症、产科并发症以及胎儿异常。示例性精神病症包括体重相关的抑郁和焦虑。
特别是,在某些实施方案,本公开提供了治疗上述医学适应症的方法,所述方法包括向有需要的受试者施用治疗有效量的本文所述的化合物。
肥胖症或提及“超重”是指与瘦体重相比的脂肪过量。过量脂肪堆积与脂肪组织细胞的大小(肥大)以及数量(增生)的增加相关。依据绝对体重、体重:身高比例、皮下脂肪分布及社会和审美规范多方面地测量肥胖症。体脂的常见量度是体重指数(BMI)。所述BMI是指体重(以千克表示)与身高(以米表示)的平方的比值。体重指数可使用下式精确计算:体重(kg)/高度2(m2)(SI)或703X体重(lb)/高度2(in2)(US)。
根据美国疾病控制和预防中心(CDC),超重成人的BMI为25kg/m2至29.9kg/m2,并且肥胖成人的BMI为30kg/m2或更大。40kg/m2或更大的BMI表明病态肥胖或极度肥胖。肥胖症还可以是指具有约102cm(对于男性)和约88cm(对于女性)的腰围的患者。对于儿童而言,超重和肥胖的定义考虑到年龄和性别对体脂肪的作用。具有不同遗传背景的患者可能在与以上一般准则不同的水平上被认为是“肥胖的”。
公开的化合物还可用于降低肥胖症的次要指标的风险,诸如降低左心室肥大的风险。还涵盖了治疗处于肥胖症风险的患者(诸如超重但不肥胖的那些患者,如BMI在约25和30kg/m2之间)的方法。在某些实施方案中,患者是人。
BMI并不说明以下事实解释的原因,即过量脂肪可以有选择地出现在身体的不同部位并且脂肪组织的发展在身体的一些部位比在身体的其它部位可能对健康的危害更大。例如,典型地与“苹果形”体型相关的“中心性肥胖”由过量脂肪(尤其是在腹部中)造成(包括腹部脂肪和内脏脂肪)并且具有比“外围肥胖”更高的共病风险,所述“外围肥胖”典型地与由过量脂肪(尤其是在臀部上)造成的“梨形”体型相关。腰/臀围比值(WHR)的测量可以用作中心性肥胖的指标。已经差异性设置了中心性肥胖的最小WHR指标,并且中心肥胖的成人的WHR通常为约0.85或更大(如果是女性)和约0.9或更大(如果是男性)。
解释过量脂肪组织与瘦体重的比值的测定患者是否超重或肥胖的方法涉及得到所述受试者的身体组成。可以通过测量身体上的多个位置(诸如腹部区域、肩胛下肌部、手臂、臀部及大腿)中的皮下脂肪的厚度得到身体组成。然后将这些测量用于估计总体脂肪,其中大约四个百分点的误差界限。另一种方法是生物电阻抗分析法(BIA),其使用电流通过身体的电阻来估计体脂肪。另一种方法是使用一大池水来测量身体浮力。增加的体脂肪将导致较大的浮力,而较大的肌肉质量将导致下沉的趋势。
另一个方面,本发明提供用于治疗超重或肥胖症受试者的方法,所述方法涉及测定所述受试者体内与超重或肥胖有关的至少一种生物标记的水平,以及施用有效量的公开的化合物以便在受试者体内实现目标水平。示例性生物标记包括体重、体重指数(BMI)、腰/臀围比值WHR、血浆脂肪因子及其两个或更多个的组合。
在一些实施方案中,公开的化合物可能对于特定生物组织是有效的,这可导致较少的副作用(如,导致最小涉及或不涉及其它组织诸如睾丸。例如,在一些实施方案中,与施用其它MetAP-2抑制剂(如夫马菌素(fumigillin)(化合物(i)或201)的男性患者的睾丸中的浓度相比,或与施用烟曲霉醇衍生物诸如(化合物(ii)、化合物(iii)-烟曲霉醇-化合物203、(iv)或化合物230:相比,当施用化合物A时,其可能在睾丸中的浓度显著较低。
可将本发明的化合物以将提供最佳药物功效的剂量施用给需要此类治疗的患者(动物(如猫、狗和/或其它伴侣动物或人)。应当理解,用于任何特定应用中所要求的剂量将会因患者的不同而不同,不仅与所选择的特定化合物或组合物有关,而且还与施用途径、经治疗的症状的性质、所述患者的年龄和症状、所述患者正在接受的同步药物或特殊饮食以及本领域的普通技术人员将会认识到的其它因素有关,其中合适剂量最终是由主治医师决定的。为了治疗以上提到的临床症状和疾病,可以以含有常规无毒的药学上可接受的载体、佐剂及媒介物的剂量单位制剂经口、皮下、局部、胃肠外、通过吸入喷雾或经直肠施用本发明的化合物。胃肠外施用可以包括皮下注射、静脉内或肌肉注射或输注技术。
治疗可以持续如所希望的尽可能长或尽可能短的一段时间。可以以(例如)每天一至四次或更多次的方案施用所述组合物。适合的治疗期可以是例如至少约一周、至少约两周、至少约一个月、至少约六个月、至少约1年或无限期。当实现了所希望的结果(例如体重减轻目标)时可以终止治疗期。治疗方案可以包括矫正期,在该矫正期期间施用足够提供体重减轻的剂量,并且接着可以是保持期,在该保持期期间施用足够防止体重增加的(例如)较低剂量。很可能在本文提供的剂量范围的较低部分找到适合的保持剂量,但是基于本文公开的内容,本领域普通技术人员可以容易地针对单个受试者建立矫正和保持剂量而不需要过多试验。可以采用保持剂量来保持之前已经通过其它手段来控制体重的受试者的体重,所述其它手段包括节食和锻炼、减肥手术(诸如旁路或束带手术)、或采用其它药理学试剂的治疗。
本公开的另一个方面提供药物组合物,其包含与药学上可接受的载体一起配制的如本文所公开的化合物。具体地说,本公开提供药物组合物,其包含与一种或多种药学上可接受的载体一起配制的如本文所公开的化合物。这些制剂包括适合用于经口、经直肠、局部、经颊、胃肠外(如,皮下、肌内、皮内或静脉内)、经直肠、经阴道、或气雾剂施用的那些制剂,虽然在任何给定情况下施用的最适合的形式将取决于经治疗的症状的程度和严重性以及取决于所使用的特定化合物的性质。例如,可以将公开的组合物配制为单位剂量,和/或可以配制公开的组合物用于经口施用或皮下施用。
可以以药物制剂的形式(例如,以固体、半固体或液体形式)使用本发明的示例性药物组合物,所述药物制剂含有与适合于外用、肠内或胃肠外施加的有机或无机载体或赋形剂混合的作为活性成分的一种或多种本发明化合物。例如,可以将所述活性成分与通常无毒、药学上可接受的载体混合用于片剂、丸剂、胶囊剂、栓剂、溶液剂、乳剂、混悬剂、以及适合于使用的任何其它形式。活性主题化合物以足够对所述方法或所述疾病的症状产生所希望的作用的量包括于所述药物组合物中。
为了制备固体组合物(诸如片剂),可以将主要活性成分与药物载体(如,常规压片成分诸如玉米淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、山梨糖醇、滑石、硬脂酸、硬脂酸镁、磷酸氢钙或树胶)和其它药用稀释剂(如水)混合以便形成含有本发明化合物或其无毒的药学上可接受的盐的均匀混合物的固体预配制组合物。当提及这些均匀的预配制混合物时,意指所述活性成分被均匀地分散于整个组合物以使得可以容易地将所述组合物细分成同样有效的单位剂型(诸如片剂、丸剂和胶囊剂)。
在用于经口施用的固体剂型(胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂、糖锭剂、粉剂、颗粒剂等)中,将所述主题组合物与一种或两种药学上可接受的载体(诸如柠檬酸钠或磷酸氢钙)和/或以下中的任何一项进行混合:(1)填充剂或增充剂,诸如淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇和/或硅酸;(2)粘合剂,诸如,例如羧甲基纤维素、藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、蔗糖和/或阿拉伯胶;(3)湿润剂,诸如甘油;(4)崩解剂,诸如琼脂、碳酸钙、马铃薯或木薯淀粉、藻酸、某些硅酸盐及碳酸钠;(5)溶液延迟剂,诸如石蜡;(6)吸收加速剂,诸如季铵化合物;(7)润湿剂,诸如,例如乙酰醇和单硬脂酸甘油酯;(8)吸收剂,诸如高岭土和膨润土;(9)润滑剂,诸如滑石、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、固体聚乙二醇、月桂基硫酸钠及其混合物;以及(10)着色剂。在胶囊剂、片剂及丸剂的情况下,所述组合物还可以包含缓冲剂。在使用诸如乳糖(lactose,milk sugar)的赋形剂以及高分子量聚乙二醇等的软填充和硬填充的明胶胶囊剂中还可以采用类似类型的固体组合物作为填充剂。
可以任选地与一种或多种辅助成分通过压制或模制来制备片剂。可以使用粘合剂(例如,明胶或羟丙基甲基纤维素)、润滑剂、惰性稀释剂、防腐剂、崩解剂(例如,淀粉乙醇酸钠或交联羧甲基纤维素钠)、表面活性剂或分散剂来制备压缩片剂。可以通过在适合的机器中模制用惰性液体稀释剂湿润的所述主题组合物的混合物来制备模制片剂。可以任选地用包衣和壳(诸如肠溶包衣和药物配制领域熟知的其它包衣)来刻痕或制备片剂和其它固体剂型(诸如糖锭剂、胶囊剂、丸剂和颗粒剂)。
用于吸入或吹入的组合物包括药学上可接受的水性或有机溶剂、或其混合物中的溶液和混悬液及粉末。用于经口施用的液体剂型包括药学上可接受的乳剂、微型乳剂、溶液、混悬剂、糖浆剂以及酏剂。除所述主题组合物之外,所述液体剂型可含有本领域常用的惰性稀释剂,诸如,例如水或其它溶剂、增溶剂及乳化剂,诸如乙醇、异丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、苯甲醇、苯甲酸苄酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、油(具体地说,棉籽油、花生油、玉米油、胚芽油、橄榄油、蓖麻油以及芝麻油)、甘油、四氢呋喃醇、聚乙二醇以及脱水山梨醇的脂肪酸酯、环糊精及其混合物。
除所述主题组合物之外,混悬剂还可含有助悬剂,例如乙氧基化异十八醇、聚氧乙烯山梨醇和脱水山梨糖醇酯、微晶纤维素、偏氢氧化铝、膨润土、琼脂以及黄芪胶、及其混合物。
用于经直肠或经阴道施用的制剂可以作为栓剂存在,可以通过将主题组合物与一种或多种适合的无刺激性赋形剂或载体(包括,例如,可可脂、聚乙二醇、栓剂蜡或水杨酸酯)混合来制备所述栓剂,并且所述栓剂在室温下是固体,但在体温下是液体并因此在体腔中将会熔化并且释放所述活性剂。
用于经皮施用主题组合物的剂型包括粉剂、喷雾剂、软膏剂、糊剂、乳膏剂、洗剂、凝胶剂、溶液、贴剂以及吸入剂。可以在无菌条件下将所述活性组分与药学上可接受的载体,和与可能必需的任何防腐剂、缓冲剂或推进剂进行混合。
除主题组合物之外,所述软膏剂、糊剂、乳膏剂和凝胶剂可含有赋形剂,诸如动物和植物脂肪、油、蜡、石蜡、淀粉、黄芪胶、纤维素衍生物、聚乙二醇、硅酮、膨润土、硅酸、滑石以及氧化锌、或其混合物。
除主题组合物之外,粉剂和喷雾剂可含有赋形剂,诸如乳糖、滑石、硅酸、氢氧化铝、硅酸钙以及聚酰胺粉末、或这些物质的混合物。喷雾剂可以额外地包含常规推进剂,诸如氯氟烃和挥发性未取代的烃(诸如丁烷或丙烷)。
可选地,本发明的组合物和化合物可通过气雾剂施用。这是通过制备含有所述化合物的水性气雾剂、脂质体制剂或固体粒子完成。可以使用非水性(如,氟碳推进剂)混悬剂。可以使用声波喷雾器,因为它们将所述试剂对剪切的暴露最小化,这可能导致所述主题组合物中含有的化合物降解。通常,通过配制主题组合物与常规药学上可接受的载体和稳定剂的水溶液或混悬剂来制备水性气雾剂。所述载体和稳定剂因特定主题组合物的要求而不同,但通常包括非离子型表面活性剂(吐温(Tweens)、普朗尼克(Pluronics)或聚乙二醇)、无害蛋白质(如血清白蛋白)、脱水山梨糖醇酯、油酸、卵磷脂、氨基酸(诸如甘氨酸)、缓冲剂、盐、糖或糖醇。一般从等渗溶液制备气雾剂。
适用于胃肠外施用的本发明药物组合物包括主题组合物与以下的一种或多种的组合:药学上可接受的无菌等渗水溶液或非水性溶液、分散液、混悬液或乳液、在使用之前即可被复溶成无菌可注射溶液或分散液的无菌粉末,它们可以含有抗氧化剂、缓冲剂、抑菌剂、使所述制剂与预期的接受者的血液等渗的溶质,或悬浮剂或增稠剂。
本发明药物组合物中可采用的适合的水性和非水性载体的实例包括水、乙醇、多元醇(诸如甘油、丙二醇、聚乙二醇等)、及其适合混合物、植物油(诸如橄榄油)、和可注射的有机酯(诸如油酸乙酯)以及环糊精。可以保持适当的流动性,例如,通过使用包衣材料(诸如卵磷脂)、在分散液的情况下通过保持所要求的颗粒大小以及通过使用表面活性剂。
另一个方面,本发明提供包括所公开的化合物、肠溶材料的肠内药物制剂;及其药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂。肠溶材料是指在胃的酸性环境中基本上不可溶的和在特殊pH下在肠液中显著可溶的聚合物。小肠是位于胃与大肠之间的胃肠道(消化道)的部分,并且包括十二指肠、空肠及回肠。十二指肠的pH是约5.5,空肠的pH是约6.5且回肠的pH是约7.5。因此,肠溶材料只有例如在约5.0的pH、约5.2的pH、约5.4的pH、约5.6的pH、约5.8的pH、约6.0的pH、约6.2的pH、约6.4的pH、约6.6的pH、约6.8的pH、约7.0的pH、约7.2的pH、约7.4的pH、约7.6的pH、约7.8的pH、约8.0的pH、约8.2的pH、约8.4的pH、约8.6的pH、约8.8的pH、约9.0的pH、约9.2的pH、约9.4的pH、约9.6的pH、约9.8的pH或约10.0的pH下可溶。示例性肠溶材料包括邻苯二甲酸醋酸纤维素(CAP)、邻苯二甲酸羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMCP)、聚醋酸乙烯邻苯二甲酸酯(PVAP)、醋酸琥珀酸羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMCAS)、醋酸偏苯三酸纤维素、琥珀酸羟丙基甲基纤维素、醋酸琥珀酸纤维素、六氢化邻苯二甲酸醋酸纤维素、邻苯二甲酸丙酸纤维素、醋酸马来酸纤维素、醋酸丁酸纤维素、醋酸丙酸纤维素、甲基甲基丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物、丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯和甲基丙烯酸的共聚物、甲基乙烯基醚和马来酸酐的共聚物(Gantrez ES系列)、甲基丙烯酸乙酯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯-氯三甲基铵丙烯酸乙酯共聚物、天然树脂(诸如玉米素)、虫胶以及柯巴脂松香(copal collophorium)及几种可商购获得的肠溶分散体系(如,、EudragitL30D55、Eudragit FS30D、Eudragit L100、Eudragit S100、Kollicoat EMM30D、Estacryl 30D、Coateric和Aquateric)。以上材料各自的溶解度是已知的或可容易地体外测定。上述的是可能材料的列表,但是受益于本公开的本领域的技术人员将认识到其不是全面的并且存在能够满足本发明目的的其它肠溶材料。
有利地,本发明还提供由如需要减轻体重的消费者使用的试剂盒。此类试剂盒包括诸如以上描述的那些剂型的适合剂型和描述使用此类剂型介导、减少或预防炎症的方法的说明书。所述说明书将指导所述消费者或医务人员根据本领域技术人员已知的施用模式来施用所述剂型。有利的是,此类试剂盒可以单个或多个试剂盒单元包装和销售此类试剂盒的实例是所谓的泡罩包装。泡罩包装是包装行业中熟知的并且正在广泛地用于包装药物单位剂型(片剂、胶囊剂等)。泡罩包装一般由覆盖有优选透明塑性材料的薄膜的相对硬的材料的片组成。在包装工艺期间,所述塑料薄膜中形成凹口。所述凹口具有待包装的片剂或胶囊剂的大小和形状。接下来,将所述片剂或胶囊剂放置于所述凹口中并且在与形成所述凹口的方向相对的薄膜的一面用相对硬的材料的片密封所述塑料薄膜。结果,将所述片剂或胶囊剂密封于所述塑料薄膜与所述片之间的凹口中。优选地,所述片的强度是使得可以通过在所述凹口上人工施加压力从而在所述片的所述凹口的位置处形成开口来从所述泡罩包装去除所述片剂或胶囊剂。然后可以经由所述开口去除所述片剂或胶囊剂。
可能所希望的是在所述试剂盒上提供记忆辅助物,如以靠近所述片剂或胶囊剂的数字的形式,借此所述数字与如此指定的片剂或胶囊应该被摄取的所述方案的天数相对应。此类记忆辅助物的另一个实例是印刷在卡上的日历,如如下的“第一周、星期一、星期二...等...第二周、星期一、星期二...“等。记忆辅助物的其它变型将显而易见。“每日剂量”可以是在给定的某一天的待服用的单个片剂或胶囊剂或多个丸剂或胶囊剂。而且,第一化合物的每日剂量可以由一个片剂或胶囊剂组成,而第二化合物的每日剂量可以由多个片剂或胶囊剂组成并且反之亦然。所述记忆辅助物应该反映这点。
本文还预期的是包括第二活性剂或施用第二活性剂的方法和组合物。例如,除了超重或肥胖之外,受试者或患者可能另外具有与超重或肥胖有关的共病,即与超重或肥胖相关的、由超重或肥胖恶化的或引起的疾病和其它不良健康症状。本文涵盖了与之前已经显示出治疗这些与超重或肥胖相关的症状的至少一种其它试剂组合的公开的化合物。
例如,II型糖尿病一直与肥胖症相关。可以通过持续性体重减轻来预防、缓解、或消除II型糖尿病的某些并发症(如,残疾和过早死亡)(Astrup,A.Pub Health Nutr(2001)4:499-515)。用于治疗II型糖尿病施用的试剂包括磺酰脲(如,氯磺丙脲、格列吡嗪、格列本脲、格列美脲);氯茴苯酸(如,瑞格列奈和纳格列奈);双胍(如,二甲双胍);噻唑烷二酮(罗格列酮、曲格列酮及吡格列酮);二肽基肽酶-4抑制剂(如,西格列汀、维格列汀及沙格列汀);胰高血糖素样肽-1模拟物(如,艾塞那肽和利拉鲁肽);以及α-葡糖苷酶抑制剂(如,阿卡波糖和米格列醇)。
心脏病症和症状,例如高血压、血脂异常、缺血性心脏疾病、心肌病、心肌梗赛、中风、静脉血栓栓塞性疾病以及肺动脉高压,一直与超重或肥胖症有关联。例如,高血压一直与肥胖症有关联,因为过量脂肪组织分泌肾脏作用于其上的物质,从而导致高血压。另外,伴随肥胖症,通常产生更高量的胰岛素(由于过量脂肪组织)并且该过量的胰岛素也使血压升高。高血压的主要治疗选择是体重减轻。用于治疗高血压施用的试剂包括氯噻酮;二氢氯噻嗪;吲达帕胺;美托拉宗;髓袢利尿药(如,布美他尼、依他尼酸、速尿(Furosemide)、呋塞米(Lasix)、托拉塞米);保钾剂(如,盐酸阿米洛利、苯甲酰胺、安体舒通及氨苯蝶啶);外周剂(如,利血平);中枢α-激动剂(如,盐酸可乐定、乙酸胍那苄、盐酸胍法辛及甲基多巴)、α-阻滞剂(如,甲磺酸多沙唑嗪、盐酸哌唑嗪及盐酸特拉唑嗪);β-阻滞剂(如,醋丁洛尔、阿替洛尔、倍他洛尔、富马酸比索洛尔、盐酸卡替洛尔、酒石酸美托洛尔、琥珀酸美托洛尔、纳多洛尔、硫酸喷布洛尔、吲哚洛尔、盐酸普萘洛尔及马来酸噻吗咯尔);组合α-和β-阻滞剂(如,盐酸卡维地洛和拉贝洛尔);血管舒张剂(如,盐酸肼屈嗪和米诺地尔);钙拮抗药(如,盐酸地尔硫卓和盐酸维拉帕米);二氢吡啶(如,苯磺酸氨氯地平、非洛地平、伊拉地平、尼卡地平、硝苯地平及尼索地平);ACE抑制剂(盐酸贝那普利、卡托普利、马来酸依那普利、福辛普利钠、赖诺普利、莫昔普利、盐酸喹那普利、雷米普利、群多普利);血管紧张素II受体阻滞剂(如,氯沙坦钾(Losartan potassium)、缬沙坦及尼贝沙坦);肾素抑制剂(如,阿利吉仑);及其组合。以本领域已知的方案和剂量施用这些化合物。
Carr等人(The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology&Metabolism(2004)第89卷,第6期2601-2607)讨论了超重或肥胖与血脂异常之间的关联。典型地用他汀治疗血脂异常。他汀(HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂)使受试者体内的胆固醇的产生减慢和/或去除动脉的胆固醇堆积。他汀包括美伐他汀、洛伐他汀、普伐他汀、辛伐他汀、维洛他汀(velostatin)、二氢康帕定、氟伐他汀、阿托伐他汀、达伐他汀、卡伐他汀(carvastatin)、克伐他汀、柏伐他汀、西立伐他汀(cefvastatin)、罗苏伐他汀、匹伐他汀及格仑伐地汀。这些化合物以本领域已知的方案和剂量施用。Eckel(Circulation(1997)96:3248-3250)讨论了超重或肥胖和缺血性心脏病之间的关联。用于治疗缺血性心脏病的施用的试剂包括他汀、硝酸酯(如,硝酸异山梨酯和单硝酸异山梨醇酯)、β-阻滞剂及钙通道拮抗剂。以本领域已知的方案和剂量施用这些化合物。
Wong等人(Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine(2007)4:436-443)讨论了超重或肥胖与心肌病之间的关联。用于治疗心肌病的施用的试剂包括变力剂(inotropicagent)(如,地高辛)、利尿剂(如,呋喃苯胺酸)、ACE抑制剂、钙拮抗剂、抗心律失常药(如,甲磺胺心定(Sotolol)、胺碘酮和丙吡胺)及β-阻滞剂。这些化合物以本领域已知的方案和剂量施用。Yusef等人(Lancet(2005)366(9497):1640-1649)讨论了超重或肥胖与心肌梗塞之间的关联。用于治疗心肌梗死的施用的试剂包括ACE抑制剂、血管紧张素II受体阻滞剂、血管舒张剂、β-阻滞剂、抗心律失常药及溶栓剂(如,阿替普酶、瑞替普酶、替奈普酶、阿尼普酶及尿激酶)。以本领域已知的方案和剂量施用这些化合物。
Suk等人(Stroke(2003)34:1586-1592)讨论了超重或肥胖与中风之间的关联。用于治疗中风施用的试剂包括抗血小板剂(如,阿司匹林、氯吡格雷、潘生丁、及噻氯匹定)、抗凝剂(如,肝素)及溶栓剂。Stein等人(The American Journal of Medicine(2005)18(9):978-980)讨论了超重或肥胖与静脉血栓栓塞性疾病之间的关联。用于治疗静脉血栓栓塞性疾病施用的试剂包括抗血小板剂、抗凝剂及溶栓剂。Sztrymf等人(Rev Pneumol Clin(2002)58(2):104-10)讨论了超重或肥胖与肺动脉高压之间的关联。用于治疗肺动脉高压的施用的试剂包括变力剂、抗凝剂、利尿剂、钾(如,K-dur)、血管舒张剂(如,硝苯地平和地尔硫卓)、波生坦、依前列醇及西地那非。诸如肥胖症-低通气综合征、哮喘以及阻塞性睡眠性呼吸暂停的呼吸病症和症状,一直与超重或肥胖有关。Elamin(Chest(2004)125:1972-1974)讨论了超重或肥胖与哮喘之间的关联。用于治疗哮喘的施用的试剂包括支气管扩张剂、抗炎剂、白细胞三烯阻滞剂及抗Ige剂。特定的哮喘药包括扎鲁司特、氟尼缩松、曲安西龙、倍氯米松、特布他林、氟替卡松、福莫特罗、倍氯米松、沙美特罗、茶碱和Xopenex。
Kessler等人(Eur Respir J(1996)9:787-794)讨论了超重或肥胖与阻塞性睡眠性呼吸暂停之间的关联。用于治疗睡眠性呼吸暂停的施用的试剂包括莫达非尼和安非他命。
肝病症和症状,诸如非酒精性脂肪肝病,一直与超重或肥胖有关联。Tolman等人(Ther Clin Risk Manag(2007)6:1153-1163)讨论了超重或肥胖与非酒精性脂肪肝病之间的关联。用于治疗非酒精性脂肪肝病的施用的试剂包括抗氧化剂(如,维生素E和C)、胰岛素敏化物(二甲双胍、吡格列酮、罗格列酮和甜菜碱)、保肝剂及降脂剂。
诸如背疼和承重关节的骨关节炎的骨骼病症和症状一直与超重或肥胖有关联。van Saase(J Rheumatol(1988)15(7):1152-1158)讨论了超重或肥胖与承重关节的骨关节炎之间的关联。用于治疗承重关节的骨关节炎的施用的试剂包括醋氨酚、非类固醇类抗炎药(如,布洛芬、依托度酸、奥沙普秦、萘普生、双氯芬酸及萘丁美酮)、COX-2抑制剂(如,塞来昔布)、类固醇、补充剂(如葡糖胺和硫酸软骨素)及人工关节液。
代谢病症和症状,例如普瑞德-威利综合征和多囊卵巢综合征,一直与超重或肥胖有关联。Cassidy(Journal of Medical Genetics(1997)34:917-923)讨论了超重或肥胖与普瑞德-威利综合征之间的关联。用于治疗普瑞德-威利综合征的施用的试剂包括人生长激素(HGH)、生长激素及体重减轻药(如,奥利司他、西布曲明、美布他明、Ionamin、芬特明、安非他酮、二乙胺苯丙酮、苯甲曲秦、苄非他明及妥泰(Topamax))。
Hoeger(Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America(2001)28(1):85-97)讨论了超重或肥胖与多囊卵巢综合征之间的关联。用于治疗多囊卵巢综合征的施用的试剂包括胰岛素敏化物、合成雌激素与黄体酮的组合、安体舒通、依氟鸟氨酸及克罗米酚。诸如性功能障碍、勃起机能障碍、不孕症、产科并发症及胎儿异常生殖病症或症状,一直与超重或肥胖有关联。Larsen等人(Int J Obes(Lond)(2007)8:1189-1198)讨论了超重或肥胖与性功能障碍之间的联系。Chung等人(Eur Urol(1999)36(1):68-70)讨论了超重或肥胖与勃起机能障碍之间的联系。用于治疗勃起机能障碍的施用的试剂包括磷酸二酯酶抑制剂(如,他达拉非、枸橼酸西地那非及伏地那非)、前列腺素E类似物(如,前列地尔)、生物碱(如,育亨宾)及睾酮。Pasquali等人(Hum Reprod(1997)1:82-87)讨论了超重或肥胖与不孕症之间的联系。用于治疗不孕症的施用的试剂包括克罗米酚、克罗米酚柠檬酸盐、溴隐亭、促性腺素释放激素(GnRH)、GnRH激动剂、GnRH拮抗剂、它莫西芬/nolvadex、促性腺激素、人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)、人绝经期促性腺激素(HmG)、黄体酮、重组卵泡刺激素(FSH)、尿促卵泡素、肝素、促卵泡素α及促卵泡素β。
Weiss等人(American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology(2004)190(4):1091-1097)讨论了超重或肥胖与产科并发症之间的联系。用于治疗产科并发症的施用的试剂包括盐酸布比卡因、地诺前列酮PGE2、盐酸哌替啶、亚铁-叶酸-500(Ferro-folic-500)/益补力-叶酸-500(iberet-folic-500)、哌替啶、马来酸甲麦角新碱、盐酸罗哌卡因、盐酸纳布啡、盐酸羟吗啡酮、催产素(Oxytocin)、地诺前列酮、利托君(Ritodrine)、氢溴酸东莨菪碱、柠檬酸舒芬太尼及催产剂。
精神病症和症状,例如体重相关的抑郁和焦虑,一直与超重或肥胖有关联。Dixson等人(Arch Intern Med(2003)163:2058-2065)讨论了超重或肥胖与抑郁之间的关联。用于治疗抑郁的施用的试剂包括5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(如,氟西汀、艾司西酞普兰、西酞普兰、帕罗西汀、舍曲林及文拉法辛);三环抗抑郁药(如,阿米替林、阿莫沙平、氯米帕明、去甲丙咪嗪、盐酸度硫平、多塞平、丙咪嗪、伊普吲哚、洛非帕明、去甲替林、奥匹哌醇、普罗替林及三甲丙咪嗪);单胺氧化酶抑制剂(如,异卡波肼、吗氯贝胺、苯乙肼、反苯环丙胺、司来吉兰、雷沙吉兰、尼亚拉胺、异丙烟肼、异丙氯肼、托洛沙酮、利奈唑胺、二烯内酯卡瓦内酯去甲氧基麻醉椒素及右苯丙胺);精神兴奋药(如,苯丙胺、美布他明、哌甲酯及槟榔碱);抗精神病药(如,丁酰苯、酚噻嗪、噻吨、氯氮平、奥氮平、利哌利酮、奎硫平、齐拉西酮、氨磺必利、帕潘立酮、Symbyax、丁苯那嗪及大麻二酚);及心境稳定剂(如,碳酸锂、丙戊酸、双丙戊酸钠、丙戊酸钠、拉莫三嗪、卡马西平、加巴喷丁、奥卡西平及托吡酯)。
Simon等人(Archives of General Psychiatry(2006)63(7):824-830)讨论了超重或肥胖与焦虑之间的关联。用于治疗焦虑的施用的试剂包括5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂、心境稳定剂、苯二氮卓(如,阿普唑仑、氯硝西泮、地西泮及劳拉西泮)、三环抗抑郁药、单胺氧化酶抑制剂及β-阻滞剂。
本发明的另一个方面提供用于在受试者体内促进和保持体重减轻的方法,所述方法涉及向受试者施用在受试者体内有效地产生体重减轻的量的所公开的化合物;和施用治疗有效量的不同体重减轻剂以便在受试者体内保持减少的体重。体重减轻剂包括5-羟色胺和去甲肾上腺素能再摄取抑制剂;去甲肾上腺素能再摄取抑制剂;选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂;及肠脂肪酶抑制剂。具体体重减轻剂包括奥利司他、西布曲明、美布他明、ionamin、芬特明、安非他酮、安非拉酮、苯甲曲秦、苄非他明、溴麦角环肽、氯卡色林、托吡酯、或者通过阻滞胃饥饿素作用、通过抑制二酰基甘油酰基转移酶1(DGAT1)活性、通过抑制硬脂酰辅酶A脱饱和酶1(SCD1)活性、通过抑制神经肽Y受体1的功能、通过激活神经肽Y受体2或4的功能或通过抑制钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白1或2的活性起作用来调节摄食的试剂。以本领域已知的方案和剂量施用这些化合物。
实施例
化合物可通过数值来鉴别,在某些情况下其可用前缀ZGN提及。
实施例1化合物444
在圆底烧瓶中,在氮气下,将100mg(0.23mmol)中间体A溶解于4mL CH2Cl2中,并且添加0.12g DIPEA(0.92mmol),然后添加63mg(0.7mmol)1,1-二甲基-2-氨基乙醇。将混合物搅拌过夜,然后真空浓缩。将残基溶解于20mL EtOAc中,并用2x 20mL水、20mL盐水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,并真空浓缩。通过biotage快速色谱纯化(SiO2,MeOH/CH2Cl2/Et3N梯度)得到38mg呈清澈粘稠油状的标题化合物。
实施例2—化合物445
在圆底烧瓶中,在氮气下,将150mg(0.35mmol)中间体A溶解于5mL CH2Cl2中,并添加0.18g DIPEA(1.4mmol),然后添加91mg(1.05mmol)3-羟基吡咯烷。将混合物搅拌过夜,然后真空浓缩。将残基溶解于20mL EtOAc中,并用2x 20mL水、20mL盐水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,并真空浓缩。通过biotage快速色谱纯化(SiO2,MeOH/CH2Cl2/Et3N梯度)得到41mg呈清澈粘稠油状的标题化合物。
实施例3—化合物446
在圆底烧瓶中,在氮气下,将100mg(0.23mmol)中间体A溶解于4mL CH2Cl2中,并添加0.12g DIPEA(0.92mmol),然后添加50mg(0.7mmol)2-(羟基甲基)-吡咯烷。将混合物搅拌过夜,然后真空浓缩。将残基溶解于20mL EtOAc中,并用2x 20mL水、20mL盐水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,并真空浓缩。通过biotage快速色谱纯化(SiO2,MeOH/CH2Cl2/Et3N梯度)得到58mg标题化合物。
实施例4—化合物447
在圆底烧瓶中,在氮气下,将150mg(0.35mmol)中间体A溶解于5mL CH2Cl2中,并添加0.18g DIPEA(1.4mmol),然后添加136mg(1.05mmol)3-羟基吡咯烷。将混合物搅拌过夜,然后真空浓缩。将残基溶解于20mL EtOAc中,并用2x 20mL水、20mL盐水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,并真空浓缩。通过biotage快速色谱纯化(SiO2,MeOH/CH2Cl2/Et3N梯度)得到93mg呈白色固体的标题化合物。
实施例5—化合物448
在圆底烧瓶中,在氮气下,将100mg(0.23mmol)中间体A溶解于4mL CH2Cl2中,并添加0.12g DIPEA(0.92mmol),然后添加42ul(0.7mmol)2-羟基-乙胺。将混合物搅拌过夜,然后真空浓缩。将残基溶解于20mL EtOAc中,并用2x 20mL水、20mL盐水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,并真空浓缩。通过biotage快速色谱纯化(SiO2,MeOH/CH2Cl2/Et3N梯度)得到32mg呈清澈油状的标题化合物。
实施例6—化合物449
在圆底烧瓶中,在氮气下,将100mg(0.23mmol)中间体A溶解于4mL CH2Cl2中,并添加0.12g DIPEA(0.92mmol),然后添加53ul(0.7mmol)2-甲氧基-乙胺。将混合物搅拌过夜,然后真空浓缩。将残基溶解于20mL EtOAc中,并用2x 20mL水、20mL盐水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,并真空浓缩。通过biotage快速色谱纯化(SiO2,MeOH/CH2Cl2/Et3N梯度)得到51mg呈清澈油状的标题化合物。
实施例7—化合物450
在圆底烧瓶中,在氮气下,将150mg(0.35mmol)中间体A溶解于5mL CH2Cl2中,并添加0.18g DIPEA(1.4mmol),然后添加125mg(1.05mmol)2-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-乙胺。将混合物搅拌过夜,然后真空浓缩。将残基溶解于20mL EtOAc中,并用2x 20mL水、20mL盐水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,并真空浓缩。通过biotage快速色谱纯化(SiO2,MeOH/CH2Cl2/Et3N梯度)得到99mg呈清澈油状的标题化合物。
实施例8—化合物451
在圆底烧瓶中,在氮气下,将150mg(0.35mmol)中间体A溶解于5mL CH2Cl2中,并添加0.18g DIPEA(1.4mmol),然后添加150mg(1.05mmol)2-氨基-3-甲基丁酸二甲基酰胺。将混合物搅拌过夜,然后真空浓缩。将残基溶解于20mL EtOAc中,并用2x 20mL水、20mL盐水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,并真空浓缩。通过biotage快速色谱纯化(SiO2,MeOH/CH2Cl2/Et3N梯度)得到81mg呈清澈油状的标题化合物。
实施例9—化合物452
在圆底烧瓶中,在氮气下,将150mg(0.35mmol)中间体A溶解于5mL CH2Cl2中,并添加0.18g DIPEA(1.4mmol),然后添加0.5ml(1.05mmol)二甲胺。将混合物搅拌过夜,然后真空浓缩。将残基溶解于20mL EtOAc中,并用2x 20mL水、20mL盐水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,并真空浓缩。通过biotage快速色谱纯化(SiO2,MeOH/CH2Cl2/Et3N梯度)得到51mg标题化合物。
实施例10—化合物453
在圆底烧瓶中,在氮气下,将100mg(0.23mmol)中间体A溶解于4mL CH2Cl2中并添加0.12g DIPEA(0.92mmol),然后添加50mg(0.7mmol)吡咯烷。将混合物搅拌过夜,然后真空浓缩。将残基溶解于20mL EtOAc中,并用2x 20mL水、20mL盐水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,并真空浓缩。通过biotage快速色谱纯化(SiO2,MeOH/CH2Cl2/Et3N梯度)得到62mg呈清澈粘稠油状的标题化合物。
实施例11—化合物454
在圆底烧瓶中,在氮气下,将150mg(0.35mmol)中间体A溶解于5mL CH2Cl2中,并添加0.18g DIPEA(1.4mmol),然后添加91mg(1.05mmol)3-羟基-3-甲基氮杂环丁烷。将混合物搅拌过夜,然后真空浓缩。将残基溶解于20mL EtOAc中,并用2x 20mL水、20mL盐水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,并真空浓缩。通过biotage快速色谱纯化(SiO2,MeOH/CH2Cl2/Et3N梯度)得到82mg呈清澈粘稠油状的标题化合物。
实施例12—化合物455
在圆底烧瓶中,在氮气下,将150mg(0.35mmol)中间体A溶解于5mL CH2Cl2中,并添加0.18g DIPEA(1.4mmol),然后添加108mg(1.05mmol)吡咯烷-3,4-二醇。将混合物搅拌过夜,然后真空浓缩。将残基溶解于20mL EtOAc中,并用2x 20mL水、20mL盐水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,并真空浓缩。通过biotage快速色谱纯化(SiO2,MeOH/CH2Cl2/Et3N梯度)得到43mg呈清澈粘稠油状的标题化合物。
实施例13—化合物456
在圆底烧瓶中,在氮气下,将150mg(0.35mmol)中间体A溶解于5mL CH2Cl2中,并添加0.18g DIPEA(1.4mmol),然后添加110mg(1.05mmol)3-羟基氮杂环丁烷。将混合物搅拌过夜,然后真空浓缩。将残基溶解于20mL EtOAc中,并用2x 20mL水、20mL盐水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,并真空浓缩。通过biotage快速色谱纯化(SiO2,MeOH/CH2Cl2/Et3N梯度)得到43mg呈清澈粘稠油状的标题化合物。
实施例14—化合物457
在圆底烧瓶中,在氮气下,将100mg(0.23mmol)中间体A溶解于4mL CH2Cl2中,并添加0.12g DIPEA(0.92mmol),然后添加108mg(0.7mmol)2-甲氧基-2-甲基-丙胺。将混合物搅拌过夜,然后真空浓缩。将残基溶解于20mL EtOAc中,并用2x 20mL水、20mL盐水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,并真空浓缩。通过biotage快速色谱纯化(SiO2,MeOH/CH2Cl2/Et3N梯度)得到71mg呈清澈粘稠油状的标题化合物。
实施例15—化合物258
在圆底烧瓶中,在氮气下,将150mg(0.35mmol)中间体A溶解于5mL CH2Cl2中,并添加0.18g DIPEA(1.4mmol),然后添加170mg(1.05mmol)2-氨基-3-甲基丁酸甲酰胺。将混合物搅拌过夜,然后真空浓缩。将残基溶解于20mL EtOAc中,并用2x 20mL水、20mL盐水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,并真空浓缩。通过biotage快速色谱纯化(SiO2,MeOH/CH2Cl2/Et3N梯度)得到33mg呈清澈油状的标题化合物。
实施例16—化合物256
将1g(3.5mmol)烟曲霉醇溶解于15ml乙醇中,并添加380mg(0.35mmol)Pd/C。将烧瓶封盖和抽空,并用氮气回填三次。然后将烧瓶抽空并用氮气回填。将混合物在室温下搅拌1小时。反应完成后,将该烧瓶抽空和用氮气回填3次,然后经由过滤通过硅藻土去除Pd/C。将溶剂真空去除,得到800mg(81%)目标产物
实施例17—化合物459
在圆底烧瓶中,在氮气下,将280mg(1mmol)烟曲霉醇、270mg(1.16mmol)肉桂酸衍生物、13.4mg(0.11mmol)DMAP,并且将0.22mL(1.3mmol)二异丙基乙胺溶解于10ml己烷中。向搅拌的溶液中加入0.22ml(1.16mmol)新戊酸酐。将反应物在室温下搅拌6小时,此时再添加0.22ml(1.16mmol)新戊酸酐。将反应物搅拌过夜,并且在第二天将反应物用乙酸乙酯(50ml)稀释,并用饱和碳酸氢钠(20ml)洗涤、经硫酸钠干燥。通过快速色谱纯化(biotage,SiO2,甲醇/二氯甲烷梯度)得到278mg标题化合物(55%产率)。
将200mg(0.85mmol)不饱和肉桂酸衍生物溶解于5ml乙酸乙酯中,并添加9mg(0.085mmol)Pd/C。将烧瓶封盖和抽空,并用氮气回填三次。然后将烧瓶抽空并用氮气回填。将混合物在室温下搅拌18小时。反应完成后,将该烧瓶抽空和用氮气回填3次,然后经由过滤通过硅藻土去除Pd/C。将溶剂真空去除,得到165mg(81%)目标产物
实施例17—化合物460
在圆底烧瓶中,在氮气下,将286mg(1mmol)化合物256(ZGN-256)、270mg(1.16mmol)肉桂酸衍生物、13.4mg(0.11mmol)DMAP和0.22mL(1.3mmol)二异丙基乙胺溶解于10ml己烷中。向搅拌的溶液中加入0.22ml(1.16mmol)新戊酸酐。将反应物在室温下搅拌6小时,此时再添加0.22ml(1.16mmol)新戊酸酐。将反应物搅拌过夜,并且在第二天将反应物用乙酸乙酯(50ml)稀释,并用饱和碳酸氢钠(20ml)洗涤、经硫酸钠干燥。通过快速色谱纯化(biotage,SiO2,甲醇/二氯甲烷梯度)得到293mg标题化合物(58%产率)。
实施例18—化合物461
在圆底烧瓶中,在氮气下,将200mg(0.7mmol)化合物256、160mg(0.7mmol)肉桂酸衍生物、9.3mg(0.07mmol)DMAP和0.16mL(0.91mmol)二异丙基乙胺溶解于10ml庚烷中。向搅拌的溶液中添加0.14ml(0.7mmol)新戊酸酐。将反应物搅拌过夜,并且在第二天将反应物用乙酸乙酯(50ml)稀释,并用饱和碳酸氢钠(20ml)洗涤、经硫酸钠干燥。通过快速色谱纯化(biotage,SiO2,甲醇/二氯甲烷梯度)得到90mg标题化合物(24%产率)。
实施例19
使用18-20周龄饮食诱导的肥胖(DIO)C57BL/6小鼠进行研究。该研究是7天筛选,其包括提供有14周高脂肪饮食并用每日以0.3mg/kg皮下注射的化合物处理的18-20周龄的C57BL/6小鼠。图1显示了该剂量的各种经公开的化合物的体重减轻作用。
实施例20
进行10天研究,其包括进行14周高脂饮食、用10%DMSO或含有一定量药物相同媒介物处理10天以递送3mg/kg PO(灌胃口服)剂量的经公开的化合物的20周龄C57BL/6小鼠。以1mg/kg PO对ZGN-201对照给药。以3mg/kg和0.3mg/kg对ZGN-444给药。图2A、B、C描述了3mg/kg经公开的化合物的10日PO功效。图2C描述了3mg/kg化合物444和其它公开的化合物的10日PO功效,表明了化合物444的口服功效。
这些研究结束时收集小鼠睾丸、将其均质化并用内切蛋白酶Glu-C消化。小鼠硫氧还蛋白的N末端肽(通过LC-MS/MS分析靶酶MetAP2的选择性底物的全长肽氨基酸1-6(SEQ ID NO.1:MVKLIE),和给定组织中的检测程度表明所述组织中的MetAP2抑制。(参见JProteome Res.2008;7:4807)。图3A、B和C显示了SEQ ID NO.1(ng/mL)的浓度,并且表明与其它经测试的化合物相比某些化合物对睾丸组织无效(并因此可具有较少的睾丸相关的副作用)。图3C表明经口施用的化合物444对睾丸组织无效。
通过引用并入
本文提及的所有出版物和专利,包括以下列出的那些项目,在此为了所有目的通过引用以其整体并入,如同每个单独的出版物或专利具体地和单独地通过引用并入那样。如发生矛盾,本申请,包括本文中的任何定义,将占据主导地位。
等效方案
尽管已经讨论了主题化合物的具体实施方案,但以上说明书是说明性的而非限制性的本发明的许多变化将对阅读了本说明书的本领域技术人员显而易见。本发明的整体范围应参考连同其等效方案的整体范围的权利要求及连同此类变化的本说明书来确定。
除非另外指出,否则表达说明书和权利要求书中使用的成分、反应条件等的量的所有数字应理解为在所有情况中被术语“约”修饰。因此,除非指出有相反的情况,否则说明书和所附权利要求书中阐述的数值参数是近似值,其可根据本发明寻求获得的所需性质而变化。
Claims (18)
1.一种由以下表示的化合物,
其中
R1是H或C1-3烷基;或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其由以下表示:
3.一种由以下所示的化合物:
其中
R2选自由H、羟基和异丙基(任选地被羟基取代)组成的组;
R3选自由以下组成的组:H和羟基;或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体。
4.一种由以下所示的化合物:
其中
R’是甲基;
R”是H或甲基;或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体。
5.一种由以下所示的化合物:
其中
R4和R5各自为甲基;或
R4和R5,连同它们连接的氮一起形成被独立选自由甲基和羟基组成的组的一种或两种取代基任选地取代的4-5元环;
或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体。
6.根据权利要求5所述的化合物,其由以下表示:
其中
R6选自由H、羟基或甲基组成的组;和
R7选自由H、羟基或甲基组成的组。
7.一种由以下表示的化合物,
其中
n是1或2;或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体。
8.一种化合物,其选自由以下表示的组:
或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体。
9.一种化合物,其选自由以下组成的组:
其药学上盐或立体异构体。
10.一种治疗和/或控制肥胖症的方法,其包括向有需要的患者施用有效量的根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的化合物。
11.一种诱导有需要的患者体重减轻的方法,其包括向所述患者施用有效量的根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的化合物。
12.根据权利要求10或11所述的方法,其中所述患者是人。
13.根据权利要求11-12中任一项所述的方法,其中在施用之前所述患者的体重指数大于或等于约25kg/m2。
14.根据权利要求10-13中任一项所述的方法,其中将所述化合物经口、静脉内或皮下施用。
15.根据权利要求10-13中任一项所述的方法,其中将所述化合物经口施用。
16.一种药物组合物,其包含根据权利要求1-15中任一项所述的化合物及药学上可接受的载体。
17.根据权利要求16所述的组合物,其中将所述组合物配制为单位剂量。
18.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其包括以不足以减少所述患者体内的血管生成的量施用所述化合物。
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US20150126489A1 (en) | 2015-05-07 |
US10220015B2 (en) | 2019-03-05 |
CA2873574A1 (en) | 2013-11-14 |
US20180360795A1 (en) | 2018-12-20 |
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EP2850079A1 (en) | 2015-03-25 |
CN104364251B (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
EP2850079B1 (en) | 2018-05-02 |
US20190388380A1 (en) | 2019-12-26 |
JP6177888B2 (ja) | 2017-08-09 |
AU2013259620B2 (en) | 2017-05-18 |
WO2013169860A1 (en) | 2013-11-14 |
MX356755B (es) | 2018-06-11 |
JP2015516427A (ja) | 2015-06-11 |
US9895339B2 (en) | 2018-02-20 |
BR112014027981A2 (pt) | 2017-06-27 |
AU2013259620A1 (en) | 2014-11-27 |
US9573918B2 (en) | 2017-02-21 |
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